2023届高考英语复习：定语从句课件（31张ppt）
文档属性
| 名称 | 2023届高考英语复习：定语从句课件（31张ppt） |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 318.3KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-11-05 17:50:36 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
(共31张PPT)
定语从句专项复习
知识目标： 通过复习，使学生能够掌握定语从句的定义，结构，注意事项及在现实生活中的应用。
能力目标： 通过复习，使学生能够在学习中学会总结归纳，对比分析，并能运用所学知识来交际的目的。
情感态度与价值观： 通过复习，注意培养学生良好的学习习惯和品质。
定语从句的定义：
在句中修饰前面某一名词或代词的句子叫定语从句
1. This is the computer (that/which) he bought for his son yesterday..
2. Who is the girl that talked to you yesterday
3. The boy who broke the glass is Jim.
先行词
定语从句
先行词
先行词
定语从句
定语从句
关系词
关系词
关系词
注意事项：
关系代词，副词所作成分
1. The photo that you like is over there.
2. She has got a book which gives a lot
of information about it.
3. The mountain that we climbed last
year is very beautiful.
4. I want to know if you have visited
the Great Wall.
5. He asked Jim where he had been
6. Can you tell me how I can get to Beijing
练习（一）判断下面的句子是否为定语从句。
1. The photo that you like is over there.
2. She has got a book which gives a lot
of information about it.
3. The mountain that we climbed last
year is very beautiful.
4. I want to know if you have visited
the Great Wall.
5. He asked Jim where he had been
6. Can you tell me how I can get to Beijing
练习（一）判断下面的句子是否为定语从句。
√
√
√
定语从句的分类
分为限定性和非限定性定语从句
1.限制性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号；非限制性定语从句必须用逗号与主句隔开。
限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是整个主句。
关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who代替。
2在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可以用that引导，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，关系代词只能用who或whom。
3关系代词省略情况不同
二.定语从句的结构：
先行词+关系词+从句
1.先行词：
应为名词或代词
2.关系词：
关系代词和关系副词
关系代词：
that , which , who , whose , whom
指 人:
who ,whose ,that ，whom
指 物：
which ，that ，whose
作 定 语:
whose
关系副词:
when ,where , why
注意：1.关系代词在从句中作主语时，不能省略。
2.关系代词在从句中作宾语时，可省略。
B. 关系代词前有介词时
关系代词that与which的用法
1.关系代词只用 which的情况
A. 先行词为 that, those时
I have found that which I was looking for.
This is the book for which he is looking.
C. 引导非限定性定语从句
Tom came back ,which made us happy.
2. 关系代词只用 that的情况
先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰，或本身是序数词及
最高级时
B. 先行词为something , nothing , anything , all , little , much ,
many ,none等不定代词时
C. 先行词被the only, the very , the same , the last 所修饰时
先行词中同时含有人和物时
E. 以who和which引导的特殊疑问句的定语从句
练习. 用that或which填空
1. He was the first person ____passed
the exam.
2. What’s that _____ is under the desk
3. Is there anything_____ you want to buy in
the shop
4. This is the room in _____he lives.
5. This is the same bike _____ I lost.
6. He didn’t pass the exam,_____ made
him sad.
7. I can remember well the persons and
some pictures _____ I saw in the room.
8. Who is the girl _____is crying
that
which
that
which
that
which
that
that
短语作后置定语与定语从句的转换
1. The girl in a hat is Lucy.=
The girl who/that is in a hat is Lucy.
2.The girl with long hair is Lucy.=
The girl who/that has long hair is Lucy.=
The girl whose hair is long is Lucy.
关系副词：when .why . Where的用法
1. when在从句中作时间状语。When=介词+ which
.
She will never forget the day she was married.
She will never forget the day she was married.
She will never forget the day.
She was married on that day.
when
on which
It was the year.
The World War I broken out in the year.
It was the year __________the World War I broken out
It was the year ＿＿＿＿the World War I broken out in
when
which
I want to know the place where I was born
.
２. Where作地点状语
Where=介词+which
I want to know the place.
I was born there .
I want to know the place in which I was born
The table is a new one .
She is sitting at it .
where
at which
The table ________ she is sitting is a new one.
The table ________ she is sitting is a new one.
3.Why作原因状语，其先行词常常是the reason.
I know the reason why he said it.=
why= for + which
This is the reason why I’m late.=
This is the reason for which I’m late.
I know the reason for which he said it.
当表示时间和地点的先行词在从句中作动词的宾语时，其关系词应为that或which.
This is the place where he was born
注意：
This is the place that/which we visited last year.
The days which/that I spent in Beijing was very interesting
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of has been proved.
2．She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in she distributed it to children.
3．I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.
4．We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.
5．Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition can promote unity and trust.
6．Some people are successful language learners often fail in other fields.
7．The sun heats the earth, makes it possible for plants to grow.
8．Then he met Mary, invited him to a party.
9．There was a net bar around here, I remember.
10．He changed his mind again, made us all angry.
[答案] 1.which 2.which 3.whose 4.when 5.that 6.who 7.which 8.who 9.as 10．which
常见错误例析:
1.I like the girl who jump farthest
2.Those who has finished may go home.
I like the girl who jumps farthest
Those who have finished may go home
3.The apples which I bought them were not fresh.
The apples which I bought were not fresh
4.The book that you need it is in the library.
5.She is a teacher gave us a talk last week.
6.Have you been to the place where I visited yesterday
The book that you need is in the library.
She is a teacher who gave us a talk last week.
Have you been to the place which I visited
yesterday
1. 定语从句的定义
2.定语从句的结构：先行词+关系词+从句
总结：
关系词：关系代词和关系副词
关系代词： that , which , who , whose , whom
关系副词：when ,where , why
3.如何将两句合成一个定语从句
4.定语后置与定语从句的转换
3.He spoke of the men and the things__ he had seen in that country.
A. what B. that C. which D. who
4.It’s the fifth time __ you have come late this month.
A. that B. which C. what D. when
5.This is the only novel __ I’m interested in.
A. which B. that C. who D. whose
√
√
√
链接高考
（浙江卷）BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 57 gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
答案：that/which
考查定语从句/关系代词。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处缺少引导定语从句并在定语从句中作主语的关系代词，而先行词tool为物，故此处填关系代词that或which。
（江苏卷）Many lessons are now available online, from ______ students can choose for free.
答案：which
考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。
3. （天津卷）Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
答案：whose
考查定语从句。句意：罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowan’s ”，表示“……的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句。
（新课标Ⅲ卷）In ancient China lived an artist 61 paintings were almost lifelike.
答案：whose
考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
3.（全国I卷）One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
答案：One afternoon 图片 I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
考查定语从句。先行词one afternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词使用when。故将where改为when。
4.（全国II卷）Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les.
答案：which
考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。
5.（全国III卷）They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals.
答案：who
考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
6.（全国III卷） In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.
答案：In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical
environment 图片 is created for them.
本句考查定语从句。先行词environment 在从句中做主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。故 把what改为that/which。
7（浙江卷）On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark.
答案：that/which
考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
8.（北京卷）What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.
答案：where
句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。
应用练习：写定语从句的练习
.
homework
定语从句专项复习
知识目标： 通过复习，使学生能够掌握定语从句的定义，结构，注意事项及在现实生活中的应用。
能力目标： 通过复习，使学生能够在学习中学会总结归纳，对比分析，并能运用所学知识来交际的目的。
情感态度与价值观： 通过复习，注意培养学生良好的学习习惯和品质。
定语从句的定义：
在句中修饰前面某一名词或代词的句子叫定语从句
1. This is the computer (that/which) he bought for his son yesterday..
2. Who is the girl that talked to you yesterday
3. The boy who broke the glass is Jim.
先行词
定语从句
先行词
先行词
定语从句
定语从句
关系词
关系词
关系词
注意事项：
关系代词，副词所作成分
1. The photo that you like is over there.
2. She has got a book which gives a lot
of information about it.
3. The mountain that we climbed last
year is very beautiful.
4. I want to know if you have visited
the Great Wall.
5. He asked Jim where he had been
6. Can you tell me how I can get to Beijing
练习（一）判断下面的句子是否为定语从句。
1. The photo that you like is over there.
2. She has got a book which gives a lot
of information about it.
3. The mountain that we climbed last
year is very beautiful.
4. I want to know if you have visited
the Great Wall.
5. He asked Jim where he had been
6. Can you tell me how I can get to Beijing
练习（一）判断下面的句子是否为定语从句。
√
√
√
定语从句的分类
分为限定性和非限定性定语从句
1.限制性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号；非限制性定语从句必须用逗号与主句隔开。
限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是整个主句。
关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who代替。
2在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可以用that引导，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，关系代词只能用who或whom。
3关系代词省略情况不同
二.定语从句的结构：
先行词+关系词+从句
1.先行词：
应为名词或代词
2.关系词：
关系代词和关系副词
关系代词：
that , which , who , whose , whom
指 人:
who ,whose ,that ，whom
指 物：
which ，that ，whose
作 定 语:
whose
关系副词:
when ,where , why
注意：1.关系代词在从句中作主语时，不能省略。
2.关系代词在从句中作宾语时，可省略。
B. 关系代词前有介词时
关系代词that与which的用法
1.关系代词只用 which的情况
A. 先行词为 that, those时
I have found that which I was looking for.
This is the book for which he is looking.
C. 引导非限定性定语从句
Tom came back ,which made us happy.
2. 关系代词只用 that的情况
先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰，或本身是序数词及
最高级时
B. 先行词为something , nothing , anything , all , little , much ,
many ,none等不定代词时
C. 先行词被the only, the very , the same , the last 所修饰时
先行词中同时含有人和物时
E. 以who和which引导的特殊疑问句的定语从句
练习. 用that或which填空
1. He was the first person ____passed
the exam.
2. What’s that _____ is under the desk
3. Is there anything_____ you want to buy in
the shop
4. This is the room in _____he lives.
5. This is the same bike _____ I lost.
6. He didn’t pass the exam,_____ made
him sad.
7. I can remember well the persons and
some pictures _____ I saw in the room.
8. Who is the girl _____is crying
that
which
that
which
that
which
that
that
短语作后置定语与定语从句的转换
1. The girl in a hat is Lucy.=
The girl who/that is in a hat is Lucy.
2.The girl with long hair is Lucy.=
The girl who/that has long hair is Lucy.=
The girl whose hair is long is Lucy.
关系副词：when .why . Where的用法
1. when在从句中作时间状语。When=介词+ which
.
She will never forget the day she was married.
She will never forget the day she was married.
She will never forget the day.
She was married on that day.
when
on which
It was the year.
The World War I broken out in the year.
It was the year __________the World War I broken out
It was the year ＿＿＿＿the World War I broken out in
when
which
I want to know the place where I was born
.
２. Where作地点状语
Where=介词+which
I want to know the place.
I was born there .
I want to know the place in which I was born
The table is a new one .
She is sitting at it .
where
at which
The table ________ she is sitting is a new one.
The table ________ she is sitting is a new one.
3.Why作原因状语，其先行词常常是the reason.
I know the reason why he said it.=
why= for + which
This is the reason why I’m late.=
This is the reason for which I’m late.
I know the reason for which he said it.
当表示时间和地点的先行词在从句中作动词的宾语时，其关系词应为that或which.
This is the place where he was born
注意：
This is the place that/which we visited last year.
The days which/that I spent in Beijing was very interesting
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of has been proved.
2．She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in she distributed it to children.
3．I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.
4．We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.
5．Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition can promote unity and trust.
6．Some people are successful language learners often fail in other fields.
7．The sun heats the earth, makes it possible for plants to grow.
8．Then he met Mary, invited him to a party.
9．There was a net bar around here, I remember.
10．He changed his mind again, made us all angry.
[答案] 1.which 2.which 3.whose 4.when 5.that 6.who 7.which 8.who 9.as 10．which
常见错误例析:
1.I like the girl who jump farthest
2.Those who has finished may go home.
I like the girl who jumps farthest
Those who have finished may go home
3.The apples which I bought them were not fresh.
The apples which I bought were not fresh
4.The book that you need it is in the library.
5.She is a teacher gave us a talk last week.
6.Have you been to the place where I visited yesterday
The book that you need is in the library.
She is a teacher who gave us a talk last week.
Have you been to the place which I visited
yesterday
1. 定语从句的定义
2.定语从句的结构：先行词+关系词+从句
总结：
关系词：关系代词和关系副词
关系代词： that , which , who , whose , whom
关系副词：when ,where , why
3.如何将两句合成一个定语从句
4.定语后置与定语从句的转换
3.He spoke of the men and the things__ he had seen in that country.
A. what B. that C. which D. who
4.It’s the fifth time __ you have come late this month.
A. that B. which C. what D. when
5.This is the only novel __ I’m interested in.
A. which B. that C. who D. whose
√
√
√
链接高考
（浙江卷）BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 57 gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
答案：that/which
考查定语从句/关系代词。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处缺少引导定语从句并在定语从句中作主语的关系代词，而先行词tool为物，故此处填关系代词that或which。
（江苏卷）Many lessons are now available online, from ______ students can choose for free.
答案：which
考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。
3. （天津卷）Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
答案：whose
考查定语从句。句意：罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowan’s ”，表示“……的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句。
（新课标Ⅲ卷）In ancient China lived an artist 61 paintings were almost lifelike.
答案：whose
考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
3.（全国I卷）One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
答案：One afternoon 图片 I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
考查定语从句。先行词one afternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词使用when。故将where改为when。
4.（全国II卷）Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les.
答案：which
考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。
5.（全国III卷）They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals.
答案：who
考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
6.（全国III卷） In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.
答案：In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical
environment 图片 is created for them.
本句考查定语从句。先行词environment 在从句中做主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。故 把what改为that/which。
7（浙江卷）On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark.
答案：that/which
考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
8.（北京卷）What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.
答案：where
句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。
应用练习：写定语从句的练习
.
homework