2022-2023学年高考英语英语句子成分和基本句型 课件-（41张ppt)
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| 名称 | 2022-2023学年高考英语英语句子成分和基本句型 课件-（41张ppt) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-11-05 23:02:25 | ||
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(共41张PPT)
句子成分
基本句型
一、句子
句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第一个字母必须大写，结尾要有．？ ！
I am a teacher.
Are you a student
How beautiful the girl is !
二、句子成分
基本成分
核心成分
状语（修饰动词）
修饰成分
句子成分
主语
谓语动词
谓语成分
宾语
间接宾语
直接宾语
补语
宾语补足语
主语补足语（表语）
定语（修饰名词）
1。主语（S）
是一个句子所叙说的主体，动作的发出者。主语的位置一般在句首，一般不省略。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
找出主语，并判断其由什么充当。
Jane is playing the piano.
She went out in a hurry.
Four plus four is eight.
To see is to believe.
Smoking is bad.
The young should respect the old.
What he has said is true.
（名词）
（代词）
（数词）
（不定式）
（动名词）
（名词化的形容词）
（主语从句）
2。谓语
谓语即主语发出的动作或主语具有的特征和状态。
根据主语，动作发出的时间不同有人称和时态的变化。
1. 说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”，或“怎么样”
2. 必须用动词
3. 和主语在人称，数两个方面必须一致（主谓一致）
4. 在主语后面
2。谓语动词（V）
I talked about my career plan.
Tom can play the violin.
The food tastes delicious.
They are my best friend.
He didn’t finish his homework.
实义动词
情态动词+动词原形
系动词-感官动词
系动词-be动词
助动词+动词原形
实义动词
系动词
情态动词+动词原形
助动词+动词原形
系动词
系动词分类 1. 状态 be动词（am/is/are）
2. 感官 look, taste, feel, smell, sound
3. 变化 grow, go, get, become, turn
4. 持续 Keep, stay, remain
5. 证明 prove
6. 好像 seem, appear
口诀：妆感正持续变好
及物动词 & 不及物动词
及物动词（vt.） 不及物动词（vi.）
及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语） 可直接跟宾语。 有被动语态。 不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。
若要跟宾语，必须先在其后加上某个介词。
无被动语态。
如play, visit, see, like, take, give 如look, cry, agree, walk, go, happen
He visited his grandparents yesterday. Please look at this picture carefully.
找出谓语动词
What happened
The plane took off at 10 o’clock.
We were beaten by their team.
You can do it if you try hard.
I will watch the movie.
She quickly filled in the form.
Time flies.
This is a good story.
3。宾语（O）
动作的对象或承受者,位于谓语之后。
宾语一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句充当。
找出宾语，并判断其由什么充当
Show your passport, please.
She didn't say anything.
How many do you want - I want two.
They sent the injured to hospital.
They asked to see my passport.
I enjoy working with you.
Did you write down what he said
（名词）
（代词）
（数词）
（名词化的形容词）
（不定式）
（动名词）
（宾语从句）
间接宾语 & 直接宾语
宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.
He gave me some books.
↓
间接
宾语
IO
↓
直接
宾语
DO
●Please pass me the book.
●He bought his mother some flowers.
me
some books
4. 宾语补足语
英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）
make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let…
宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。
找出宾补，并判断其由什么充当
His father named him Dongming.
They painted their boat white.
Let the fresh air in.
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.
We saw her entering the room.
We found everything in the lab in good order.
We will soon make our city what your city is now.
（名词）
（形容词）
（副词）
（不定式短语）
（现在分词）
（介词短语）
（从句）
5。表语
说明或表述主语的身份、特征和状态
位置在系动词之后
一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句充当
系动词分类 1. 状态 be动词（am/is/are）
2. 感官 look, taste, feel, smell, sound
3. 变化 grow, go, get, become, turn
4. 持续 Keep, stay, remain
5. 证明 prove
6. 好像 seem, appear
口诀：妆感正持续变好
找出表语，并判断其由什么充当
Is it yours
The weather has turned cold.
The speech is exciting.
Three times seven is twenty one
His job is to teach English.
His hobby is playing football.
The machine must be out of order.
Time is up. The class is over.
The truth is that he has never been abroad.
（代词）
（形容词）
（形容词）
（数词）
（不定式）
（动名词）
（介词短语）
（副词）
（表语从句）
6。定语
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
He is a clever boy.
His father works in a steel factory.
There are 54 students in our class.
Do you know betty’s sister
He bought some sleeping pills.
His spoken language is good.
The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.
(形容词)
(名词)
(数词)
(名词的所有格)
(动名词)
(过去分词)
(定语从句)
定语后置
如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。
而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置。
The girl in red is his sister.
The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.
Do you know the man who spoke just now
7。状语（A）
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子
说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等
7。状语（A）
状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：
1)通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；
2)修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；
3)表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前；
4)一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。
7。状语（A）
Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
He has learned English for ten years.（介词短语）
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）
He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）
Wait a minute.（名词）
Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）
找出状语，并判断状语类型
How about meeting again at six
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.
She works very hard though she is old.
I am taller than he is.
（时间）
（原因）
（条件）
（地点）
（方式）
（伴随）
（目的）
（结果）
（让步）
（比较）
8。同位语
当两个词或词组在一个句子中具有相同的语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时，我们称它们为同位语。
同理，当两个指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，若其中一个句子成分是用于说明或解释另一个句子成分的，那么用于起说明或解释作用的句子成分就叫做另一成分的同位语。
Ms. Li, our English teacher, is kind and patient.
主语
同位语
找出同位语
This is my friend Lily.
Yesterday, I met Tom, Lucy’s brother.
We Chinese people are brave and hard-working.
They both enjoy playing basketball.
The news that he will come back is true.
三。句子分类
句子结构类型
（一）简单句
（二）并列句
（三）复合句
*几个简单句用分号或并列连词连接起来构成并列句;
*几个简单句可通过各种方式组合成含有主句和从句
的复合句。
只包含一个主谓结构而且各个成分均又词组构成的句子
The book came out.
His sister cried.
The phone rang.
I agreed.
主语
谓语
1. 主、谓 SV
He is reading a book.
Mike knows the answer.
She likes dogs.
You should finish your homework.
主语
谓语
2. 主、谓、宾 SVO
宾语
He gave me a book.
My father bought me a bike.
She showed me her pictures.
I provide him some food.
主语
谓语
3. 主、谓、(间)宾、(直)宾 SVoO
间宾
直宾
We must keep the door open.
The news made them happy.
She found the room empty.
We consider him a kind man.
主语
谓语
4. 主、谓、宾、宾补 SVOC
宾语
宾补
Mr. Wu is our Chinese teacher.
They are energetic.
The plan sounds perfect.
Everything looks different.
主语
谓语
5. 主、系、表 SVP
表语
Mr. Wu talks loudly.
The time passed very quickly.
The park lies in the center of the city.
He walks to school.
主语
谓语
6. 主、谓、状 SVA
状语
Cindy likes reading books in the library.
The boy is watching TV in the room.
They had dinner in this restaurant.
He settled the problem in an easy way.
主语
谓语
7. 主、谓、宾、状 SVOA
宾语
状语
8. There be句型
(be动词单复数与最近的名词保持一致)
此句型是由“There+be+主语+状语”构成，用以
表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。 它其实是
倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，
there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。
8. There be句型
(be动词单复数与最近的名词保持一致)
教室里面有一个大屏幕。
There is a big screen in the classroom.
学校里面有很多树，很多花。
There are many trees and flowers in the school.
中国有很多传统节日。
There are a lot of traditional festivals in China.
总结：简单句的基本句型
主、谓 SV
主、谓、宾 SVO
主、谓、(间)宾、(直)宾 SVoO
主、谓、宾、宾补 SVOC
主、系、表 SVP
主、谓、状 SVA
主、谓、宾、状 SVOA
There be句型
练习：判断下列句子的句型
He smiled.
Tim and his friends are playing football in the playground.
Her dream has come true.
This video made me sad.
All the tourists seemed happy.
SV
SVA
SV
SVOC
SVP
练习：判断下列句子的句型
She is in good health.
Someone left you this note.
She always keeps her room clean.
I live in Beijing.
You must treat her kindly.
SVP
SVO
SVOC
SVA
SVOA
练习：判断下列句子的句型
My brother has become a famous writer.
Jim stood in front of the mirror.
I want a cup of coffee.
We elected him president.
They stayed at home.
SVP
SVA
SVO
SVOC
SVA
L O
G O
2 018
谢谢
聆听
句子成分
基本句型
一、句子
句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第一个字母必须大写，结尾要有．？ ！
I am a teacher.
Are you a student
How beautiful the girl is !
二、句子成分
基本成分
核心成分
状语（修饰动词）
修饰成分
句子成分
主语
谓语动词
谓语成分
宾语
间接宾语
直接宾语
补语
宾语补足语
主语补足语（表语）
定语（修饰名词）
1。主语（S）
是一个句子所叙说的主体，动作的发出者。主语的位置一般在句首，一般不省略。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
找出主语，并判断其由什么充当。
Jane is playing the piano.
She went out in a hurry.
Four plus four is eight.
To see is to believe.
Smoking is bad.
The young should respect the old.
What he has said is true.
（名词）
（代词）
（数词）
（不定式）
（动名词）
（名词化的形容词）
（主语从句）
2。谓语
谓语即主语发出的动作或主语具有的特征和状态。
根据主语，动作发出的时间不同有人称和时态的变化。
1. 说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”，或“怎么样”
2. 必须用动词
3. 和主语在人称，数两个方面必须一致（主谓一致）
4. 在主语后面
2。谓语动词（V）
I talked about my career plan.
Tom can play the violin.
The food tastes delicious.
They are my best friend.
He didn’t finish his homework.
实义动词
情态动词+动词原形
系动词-感官动词
系动词-be动词
助动词+动词原形
实义动词
系动词
情态动词+动词原形
助动词+动词原形
系动词
系动词分类 1. 状态 be动词（am/is/are）
2. 感官 look, taste, feel, smell, sound
3. 变化 grow, go, get, become, turn
4. 持续 Keep, stay, remain
5. 证明 prove
6. 好像 seem, appear
口诀：妆感正持续变好
及物动词 & 不及物动词
及物动词（vt.） 不及物动词（vi.）
及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语） 可直接跟宾语。 有被动语态。 不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。
若要跟宾语，必须先在其后加上某个介词。
无被动语态。
如play, visit, see, like, take, give 如look, cry, agree, walk, go, happen
He visited his grandparents yesterday. Please look at this picture carefully.
找出谓语动词
What happened
The plane took off at 10 o’clock.
We were beaten by their team.
You can do it if you try hard.
I will watch the movie.
She quickly filled in the form.
Time flies.
This is a good story.
3。宾语（O）
动作的对象或承受者,位于谓语之后。
宾语一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句充当。
找出宾语，并判断其由什么充当
Show your passport, please.
She didn't say anything.
How many do you want - I want two.
They sent the injured to hospital.
They asked to see my passport.
I enjoy working with you.
Did you write down what he said
（名词）
（代词）
（数词）
（名词化的形容词）
（不定式）
（动名词）
（宾语从句）
间接宾语 & 直接宾语
宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.
He gave me some books.
↓
间接
宾语
IO
↓
直接
宾语
DO
●Please pass me the book.
●He bought his mother some flowers.
me
some books
4. 宾语补足语
英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）
make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let…
宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。
找出宾补，并判断其由什么充当
His father named him Dongming.
They painted their boat white.
Let the fresh air in.
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.
We saw her entering the room.
We found everything in the lab in good order.
We will soon make our city what your city is now.
（名词）
（形容词）
（副词）
（不定式短语）
（现在分词）
（介词短语）
（从句）
5。表语
说明或表述主语的身份、特征和状态
位置在系动词之后
一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句充当
系动词分类 1. 状态 be动词（am/is/are）
2. 感官 look, taste, feel, smell, sound
3. 变化 grow, go, get, become, turn
4. 持续 Keep, stay, remain
5. 证明 prove
6. 好像 seem, appear
口诀：妆感正持续变好
找出表语，并判断其由什么充当
Is it yours
The weather has turned cold.
The speech is exciting.
Three times seven is twenty one
His job is to teach English.
His hobby is playing football.
The machine must be out of order.
Time is up. The class is over.
The truth is that he has never been abroad.
（代词）
（形容词）
（形容词）
（数词）
（不定式）
（动名词）
（介词短语）
（副词）
（表语从句）
6。定语
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
He is a clever boy.
His father works in a steel factory.
There are 54 students in our class.
Do you know betty’s sister
He bought some sleeping pills.
His spoken language is good.
The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.
(形容词)
(名词)
(数词)
(名词的所有格)
(动名词)
(过去分词)
(定语从句)
定语后置
如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。
而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置。
The girl in red is his sister.
The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.
Do you know the man who spoke just now
7。状语（A）
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子
说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等
7。状语（A）
状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：
1)通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；
2)修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；
3)表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前；
4)一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。
7。状语（A）
Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
He has learned English for ten years.（介词短语）
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）
He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）
Wait a minute.（名词）
Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）
找出状语，并判断状语类型
How about meeting again at six
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.
She works very hard though she is old.
I am taller than he is.
（时间）
（原因）
（条件）
（地点）
（方式）
（伴随）
（目的）
（结果）
（让步）
（比较）
8。同位语
当两个词或词组在一个句子中具有相同的语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时，我们称它们为同位语。
同理，当两个指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，若其中一个句子成分是用于说明或解释另一个句子成分的，那么用于起说明或解释作用的句子成分就叫做另一成分的同位语。
Ms. Li, our English teacher, is kind and patient.
主语
同位语
找出同位语
This is my friend Lily.
Yesterday, I met Tom, Lucy’s brother.
We Chinese people are brave and hard-working.
They both enjoy playing basketball.
The news that he will come back is true.
三。句子分类
句子结构类型
（一）简单句
（二）并列句
（三）复合句
*几个简单句用分号或并列连词连接起来构成并列句;
*几个简单句可通过各种方式组合成含有主句和从句
的复合句。
只包含一个主谓结构而且各个成分均又词组构成的句子
The book came out.
His sister cried.
The phone rang.
I agreed.
主语
谓语
1. 主、谓 SV
He is reading a book.
Mike knows the answer.
She likes dogs.
You should finish your homework.
主语
谓语
2. 主、谓、宾 SVO
宾语
He gave me a book.
My father bought me a bike.
She showed me her pictures.
I provide him some food.
主语
谓语
3. 主、谓、(间)宾、(直)宾 SVoO
间宾
直宾
We must keep the door open.
The news made them happy.
She found the room empty.
We consider him a kind man.
主语
谓语
4. 主、谓、宾、宾补 SVOC
宾语
宾补
Mr. Wu is our Chinese teacher.
They are energetic.
The plan sounds perfect.
Everything looks different.
主语
谓语
5. 主、系、表 SVP
表语
Mr. Wu talks loudly.
The time passed very quickly.
The park lies in the center of the city.
He walks to school.
主语
谓语
6. 主、谓、状 SVA
状语
Cindy likes reading books in the library.
The boy is watching TV in the room.
They had dinner in this restaurant.
He settled the problem in an easy way.
主语
谓语
7. 主、谓、宾、状 SVOA
宾语
状语
8. There be句型
(be动词单复数与最近的名词保持一致)
此句型是由“There+be+主语+状语”构成，用以
表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。 它其实是
倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，
there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。
8. There be句型
(be动词单复数与最近的名词保持一致)
教室里面有一个大屏幕。
There is a big screen in the classroom.
学校里面有很多树，很多花。
There are many trees and flowers in the school.
中国有很多传统节日。
There are a lot of traditional festivals in China.
总结：简单句的基本句型
主、谓 SV
主、谓、宾 SVO
主、谓、(间)宾、(直)宾 SVoO
主、谓、宾、宾补 SVOC
主、系、表 SVP
主、谓、状 SVA
主、谓、宾、状 SVOA
There be句型
练习：判断下列句子的句型
He smiled.
Tim and his friends are playing football in the playground.
Her dream has come true.
This video made me sad.
All the tourists seemed happy.
SV
SVA
SV
SVOC
SVP
练习：判断下列句子的句型
She is in good health.
Someone left you this note.
She always keeps her room clean.
I live in Beijing.
You must treat her kindly.
SVP
SVO
SVOC
SVA
SVOA
练习：判断下列句子的句型
My brother has become a famous writer.
Jim stood in front of the mirror.
I want a cup of coffee.
We elected him president.
They stayed at home.
SVP
SVA
SVO
SVOC
SVA
L O
G O
2 018
谢谢
聆听