译林版（2019）必修三： Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Grammar and usage（1） 课件(28张ppt)

(共28张PPT)
1.作定语
2.作状语
3.作宾补
过去分词
　　过去分词与现在分词作定语，有何区别？
fallen leaves
falling leaves
the changing world
the changed world
（正在变化的）
（变化了的）
boiling water
boiled water
（正在沸腾的）
（已经沸腾过的）
fading flowers
faded flowers
(正在凋谢的)
（已经凋谢的）
a developing country
a developed country
(发展中的)
（发达的）
the rising sun
the risen sun
正在升起的太阳
升起了的太阳
disappointing news
disappointed people
令人失望的消息
感到失望的人们
exciting story
excited people
激动人心的故事
(感到)激动的人们
情感动词的V-ing表 “令人...” , V-ed 表 “感到...”。
完成句子
1. The witness ____________________
(警察盘问的) just now gave a very different description of the fight.
2. The room is empty except for a
bookshelf ___________________
(立在一个角落里).
questioned by the police
standing in the corner
　　1. 过去分词作状语表示被动或完成，但有些过去分词(短语)因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表动作而表状态。这样的过去分词(短语) 常见的有:
　　 lost (迷路、沉迷); seated (坐);
　　absorbed in (全神贯注于); dressed in
　　(穿着); tired of (厌烦)等。如：
过去分词作状语
___________(absorb) in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.
因为沉浸在思考之中, 所以他没听到那个声音。
Absorbed
2. 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句，在句中一般能作五种状语，即时间、原因、条件、让步和方式状语。如：
_______ (catch) in a heavy rain, he was all wet.
因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。
(Caught in a heavy rain相当于原因状语从句Because he was caught in a heavy rain)
Caught
_______(grow) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.
如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。
(Grown in rich soil相当于条件状语从句
If these seeds are grown in rich soil)
Grown
表示伴随情况或方式:
The trainer appeared, _________(follow) by six little dogs.
训练员出现了，后面跟着六条小狗。
He walked up and down the room, ____ (lose)in thought.
他在屋子时走来走去，陷入了沉思。
followed
lost
When _______(heat), ice
can be changed into water.
冰加热时变成水。
注意：
①当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，才可以把从句的主语省略，且省略掉的主语与其逻辑谓语是被动关系或如第一段中所讲的表示状态。
heated
　　②把状语从句改为过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语，即“while (when, once, until, if, though等连词) + 过去分词”结构。如：
When ______(give) the nucleic acid test, you should keep your mouth wide open.
当你做核算检测时要长大嘴巴。
Though ______ (beat) by the opposite team, the players didn’t lose heart.
尽管这些球员被对方球队打败了，但他们并没有灰心。
given
beaten
现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别
　　与主句主语的逻辑关系的区别。
现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。
e.g. He went out, ________(shut) the door behind him.
他出去后将门随手关上。
Not ________ (know) what to do, he went to his parents for help.
由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。
shutting
knowing
2) 过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
_____ (give) more encouragement, the boy could have behaved better.
如果多给这个孩子一些鼓励，他本来会表现得更好。
_____ (face) with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.
在遇到困难时，我们必须设法克服。
Given
Faced
_______ (write) in a hurry, this article was not so good.
因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。
________(read) carefully, he found something he hadn’t known before.
他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。
Written
Reading
____________________(discuss) several times, the decision was finally made.
进行了几次讨论后，终于做出了决定。
______________ (finish) his homework, he went home.
完成了作业，他就回家了。
Having finished
Having been discussed
1. Following the old man, we went upstairs.—we 　
　followed…
　(跟着那个老人, 我们上去了)
2. Followed by the old man, we went upstairs.
　(we were followed by…)
　(被那个老人跟着, 我们上去了)
Compare
　　注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。
从上面看,体育场好似一个鸟巢。
____ from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest.
A. Seeing B. Seen
从太空看, 宇航员看不到长城。
____ from the space, the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall.
A. Seeing B. Seen
　　　see, hear , watch, feel, notice, etc.
+sb do (主动，已发生或经常性动作)
+sb doing sth.（主动，正在进行）
+sth done (被动）
现在分词与过去分词作宾语补足语的区别：
1. I used to see these boys______ ( play ) on the playground.
play
2. I saw them _______ ( play ) basketball in the middle of the day today.
3. Have you heard this song _______( sing ) before
playing
sung
4. She was surprised to find the house ______ ( break ) into when she went back home.
5. Unfortunately, he got his wallet_____ ( steal )
on the bus.
6. We are interested in hearing him ___ ( tell )
us the latest news.
broken
stolen
tell
7. I won’t have you _________ ( criticize )
him; he is only a child after all.
8. It’s a bad habit to leave the work ________ ( undo ).
9. Yesterday I caught him _______ ( take ) away my dictionary when I went into the classroom.
criticizing
undone
taking
10. Frank found his wallet ____ (lose) when he got home.
11. You shouldn’t leave the water ______ (run) when you are washing your hands.
lost
running
Homework
课课练单元测试卷一第36题到最后；
P47 B1是必考小语篇。