译林版（2019）必修第二册： Unit 2Be sporty,be healthy Welcome to the unit — Reading词汇 课件（31张ppt）

(共31张PPT)
单
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版本：新译林
单元：必修二 Unit 2（Welcome to the unit — Reading）
本单元词汇梳理
1. soccer：英式足球：football；词块：play soccer / football
2. bat：词源同beat (击、打) → 用球棒 (板) 击球
3. skydiving：词块：go skydiving
4. congratulation：congratulate + -ation
congratulate : con- (together 共同) + -grat- (to give thanks 恩惠) + -e
词块：congratulations on；
词族：congratulate, congratulation
5. assume： assume：表示“承担”时是正式用语
词块：assume responsibility for sth = take responsibility for sth
派生词：assuming, assumption
6. tend：同形异义词：两个释义源自不同的词：
① 词源义“延伸”；② 照料：是attend的缩略形式
词块：tend to do sth, tend to / towards, tend to sb
派生词：tendency
7. immune：im- (不) + -mun (公共的) + -e → 免除公共责任或义务
→ 不受影响的，免除的 → 免疫的，受保护的
词块：immune system
8. disease：dis- (不；非；使相反) + ease (放松；舒服) → 不舒服、生病 → 疾病
9. moreover：构词法：more + over ；句子副词；正式用语（口语中一般用besides和also）
10. reduce：re- (back) + duc- (lead) + -e → 往回引 → 减少
词块：reduce stress
11. routine：route (path 路线) + -ine (形容词后缀)，引申为常规的、日常的
词块：daily routine
12. muscle：词源：英语单词 muscle 来自拉丁语 musculus，和 mus (老鼠) 的指小形式，其实就是“小老鼠”的意思。古罗马人觉得鼓起的肌肉很像一只跳跃的小老鼠。希腊语和德语中，“肌肉”和“老鼠”就是同一个词，阿拉伯语中的“肌肉”和“老鼠”的拼写也很接近。
13. aerobic：aero- (air 空气) + -bi (life) + -c，存活生命的空气即氧气 →
有氧的 ；词块：aerobic exercise
14. jogging：jog + -ing；词块：go jogging = go for a jog
15. skiing：ski + -ing；词块：go skiing
16. pull-up：短语动词转化而来的名词 (pull + up)；（可拓展push-up, makeup, takeoff等）
17. gymnastics：词块：do gymnastics
18. tai chi：= tai chi chuan 音译词
19. stretch：一词多义：基本义“展开”；拉伸、伸懒腰
词块：stretch oneself
20. range：一词多义：基本义“范围”
词块：a (wide) range of, range from ... to, in / within range (of) , out of range (of) , beyond one’s range
21. movement：move + -ment；隐喻：具体的活动到抽象的活动
22. energy：一词多义：基本义“能”；
派生词：energetic；词块：be full of energy
23. average：词源：以前，在海运活动中，当船只遇到恶劣天气等危险，
往往会抛弃一部分货物以减轻载重，避免船只倾覆。average原本指的就是这种海运货物损失。海损由相关各方平均分摊，这在古代西方已经形成习惯。average在17世纪时引申出“平均分摊”之意，又从中引申出“平均”、“普通”之意。但在保险业中，它依然保留了“海损”这一原意。
词块 an average of, on average
24. throughout：through + out；词块：throughout the country / world
25. sweat：名词动词化
26. injury：词族：injure, injured, injury
词块：suffer (from) an injury, a head / leg / knee injury, personal injury
27. prevent：pre- (before 前、先) + -vent (come 来) → 预先来到 → 预防；
词块：prevent sb (from) doing sth = stop sb (from) doing sth = keep sb from doing sth； 派生词：prevention
28. equipment：equip + ment；词块：a piece of equipment
29. lack：词块：(a) lack of, for lack of, lack (for) nothing；派生词：lacking
30. maintain：main (= man-, hand 手) + -tain (to hold 拿 ) → 用手拿 → 维持
stretch
一词多义
英语释义
assume
一词多义
熟词生义
tend
英语释义
lack
重难点词
精讲
range
一词多义
搭配义
maintain
一词多义
短语动词转化而来的合成词
assume
将下列句子译成英语。
我本以为他是法国人，但是实际上他是德国人。
I _________________ a Frenchman, but actually he was a German.
thought he was
had assumed him to be
assume vt
[正式用语] 担任；承担 (take)：
assume office
I made a mistake and I will assume responsibility for it.
假定；设想 to think that sth is true, although you have no proof：
We think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold.
It is generally assumed (that) stress is caused by too much work.
Where unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former. 2009 江苏
通过英语释义来理解
辨析assume, suppose
assume 假定；设想 to think that sth is true, although you have no proof
I just assumed that the woman standing next to Jack was his wife.
suppose 认为；猜想 to think that sth is probably true, especially because of some information you have
There are many reasons to suppose that Shakespeare was familiar with the stories of medieval Italy.
suppose多用于书面语或正式用语中。
没有依据
有依据
assuming conj 假设；假定：
Assuming (that) you’re chosen to be the leader, what will you do
assumption n [C] 假定；假设：
We are working on the assumption that everyone invited will turn up.
词汇拓展
tend1 vi［用于以下惯用语］
tend to / toward(s) sth 倾向于……；有……的趋势：
The sort of music I listen to varies, but it tends toward light music.
tend to do sth 易于做某事；往往会做某事 to usually do or be sth：
I tend to see pictures in my mind when I am reading or listening.
Readers tended to share articles that were exciting or funny. 2016 全国
tend2 vt & vi 照料；护理：
tend (to) the sick 护理病人
I would like to tend the store for you while you’re away.
attend的缩略
来自词根ten- (to stretch 延伸)
同形异义词
stretch ■ vt & vi （被）拉长；伸出 / 展；延伸：
stretch a rope tight
stretch oneself
The road stretched out across the desert into the distance.
■ n [C] & [U]伸长；延伸；伸展；连绵：
give a stretch
a stretch of open country
stretch语义网络图
“展开”物体
（完全）“展开”胳膊、腿
“展开”空间、距离
（被）拉长
伸展 ；伸出
延伸
展开
(基本义)
stretch
RANGE ROVER中的ROVER (罗孚) 是北欧的一个民族，生产自行车时就使用罗孚作商标名。1904年生产汽车，仍以“罗孚”为车牌名。由于罗孚民族在历史上是一个勇敢善战的海盗民族，所以罗孚汽车商标采用了一艘海盗船，张开红帆象征着公司乘风破浪、所向披靡的大无畏精神。罗孚民族的名字其实也对应了rover的释义“漫游者”。
RANGE ROVER则是指“在广阔区域漫游的越野车”。
RANGE ROVER
range 词源解读
range的词源义是row or line of persons (especially hunters or soldiers)，一排排的人，尤指士兵或猎人，即在“某一范围”内的人，其基本义为“范围”。
range n
[C] [常用单数] 一系列 a variety of things of a particular type：
a range of services / products
[C] & [U] [常用单数] 范围；界限：
Most of the students are in the 16-19 age range.
[C] & [U] 距离：
Do not miss this opportunity to see whales at close range (= very close) on their annual migration south to the Antarctic.
[C] 山脉：
Between Italy and France, there is a mountain range called the Alps.
重要搭配：
in / within range (of) 在 （……的） 范围内
out of range (of) 超出 （……的） 范围
range v
vi 包括：
The show had a large audience, ranging from children to grandparents.
vi （价格、水平、温度等）处于某个范围之内：
The price ranges between $25 and $400.
vi & vt 漫步；四处移动 (wander)：
The polar bears range all the way across the Arctic.
range语义网络图
同一“范围” 内类似的事物
某“范围” 内的群山
年龄、价格等变动的“范围”
远近的“范围”
一系列
范围；界限
距离
山脉
范围
(基本义)
包括
处于某个范围之内
漫步；
四处移动
v
n
lack ■ n [U] [常用单数] 缺乏；不足 (shortage) ：
(a) lack of food / money / sleep / skills
These children have health problems linked to poor diet and a lack of exercise.
for lack of 因缺少：The leaves turned yellow for lack of light.
■ vt & vi [不用于被动语态] 缺乏；短少；没有：
At first I lacked confidence.
They lacked the money to send him to university.
lack (for) nothing [正式用语] 什么也不缺：
As he is very rich he lacks for nothing.
lacking adj [不用于名词前] 不足的；缺少的
be lacking in sth 缺少某物
maintain
词源解读：maintain由man- (hand，手) + -tain (to hold，拿着) 构成，用手拿着 → “维持” “保持” 。
maintain vt
保持；维持 to make sth continue at the same level, standard, etc.：
Social media tools let us see what our friends are up to and maintain friendships.
维护；保养 to keep sth in good condition by checking and repairing it：
maintain machinery
He is responsible for maintaining all the buildings.
坚持认为 to keep saying that sth is true even when others disagree or do not believe it (insist) ：
He maintained that such things should never be done again.
maintain语义网络图
维持;保持 maintain
（基本义）
“维持”抽象事物
“维持”具体事物
保持；维持
维护；保养
坚持认为
“维持”观点
短语动词转化而来的合成词
将所给短语动词转化为合成词，并写出其汉语释义。
英语中可用连字符或连写的方式将短语动词转化为合成名词。这类名词的词义常与该短语动词有联系。
pull up
take off
clear up
break down
wake up
check out
make up
take away
pull-up
take-off
clear-up
breakdown
wake-up
check-out
make-up
takeaway
引体向上
（飞机）起飞
清扫
故障
唤醒
退房时间
化妆品
外卖食品
随堂检测
将下列句子译成英语。
1. 普遍认为，压力为工作过重所致。
________________________________________________________
2. 在失业率和犯罪率高的地方，我们可以假定高犯罪率是由高失业率造成的。
Where unemployment and crime are high, ____________________ the latter is due to the former.
assume
It is generally assumed (that) stress is caused by too much work.
it can be assumed that
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Boys tended _________ (play) with more complex puzzles than girls. （2020 全国）
2. Sofia was in the bedroom tending _________ her sick mother.
3. More and more children tend ____________ obesity （肥胖）.
tend
to play
to
to / towards
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Where can I buy those things that stretch my shoes
________________
2. Meals can stretch for hours — there’s no such thing as rushing a meal in Brazil.（2014 浙江） ________________
3. I need a job that will stretch me. _______________
stretch
撑大
延续
使发挥出全部本领
__________ 1. Our funds were limited, and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory.（2015 天津）
__________ 2. In recent years, stress has been regarded as a cause of a whole range of medical problems.（2016 上海）
__________ 3. These missiles（导弹）have a range of 300 miles.
一、写出下列句子中range的汉语释义。
范围
一系列
射程
range
二、根据所给汉语及提示，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
In addition to these traditional activities, we have
_____________________（更多不同的选择）such as
travelling and visiting our relatives or friends. （2013 辽宁书面表达）
2. He likes doing different kinds of activities after work, _____________ swimming ___________ （从……到……） playing basketball.
3. Your blood pressure is well ________________________ （在正常的范围内）.
a wider range of choices
ranging from to
in / within the normal range
用lack的正确形式或其短语填空。
1. The reason why he didn’t pass the driving test is ____________ practice.
2. He didn’t pass the driving test ____________ practice.
3. —Jack still can’t help being anxious about his job interview.
— ___________________ self-confidence is his Achilles’ heel, I am afraid. （2016 江苏）
4. The research ____________ solid evidence, and therefore, its conclusions are doubtful.（2012 浙江）
lack
lacking
for lack of
Lack of / A lack of
lacks
阿喀琉斯，是凡人珀琉斯和美貌仙女忒提斯的宝贝儿子。忒提斯为了让儿子炼成“金钟罩”，在他刚出生时就将其倒提着浸进冥河，遗憾的是，乖儿被母亲捏住的脚后跟却不慎露在水外，全身留下了惟一一处“死穴”。后来，阿喀琉斯被太阳神一箭射中了脚踝而死去。后人常以“阿喀琉斯之踵（ Achilles’ heel ）”譬喻这样一个道理：即使是再强大的英雄，他也有致命的死穴或软肋。
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. The two countries have always maintained close relations. _________
2. Some people maintain that watching violence（暴力) on TV is one of the main causes of crime （犯罪）in society.（2008 上海改） _________
3. They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler（喷水灭火装置） systems, fire alarms, and fire extinguishers （灭火器）. （2018 天津） _________
maintain
维持
坚持认为
维护
谢
谢
观
赏