(共28张PPT)
Unit 6 Ancient stories
Period 3 Grammar
牛津深圳·广州版八年级上册
Learning objectives
1.Knowledge objectives:
Students can master the adverbial of time guided by since or for in the present perfect tense.
2.Skill objectives:
①Master the difference between the present perfect tense and the past tense.
②Master the grammar rules of converting non continuous verbs into continuous verbs.
3.Emotional objectives:
Pay attention to the language rules of the present perfect tense, and be able to use them skillfully.
4.Thinking capacity:
Cultivate students' ability to think independently, dialectically, creatively, draw inferences from one instance, and objectively view things.
Lead in
Do you know what the present perfect tense is
2.How long has the captain not laughed like this
Lead in
1.How long have the Greeks tried to capture the city of Troy
They ____ ____ to capture our city ____ ten years.
have tried
for
He said:“I _______ _______ like this _____ my childhood.”
haven’t laughed
since
Look at the following sentences. When does the following sentence describe
the action What do the words "since" and "for" mean
for短语表示动作延续多长时间,for的宾语为时间段。since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今,since 之后的时间为一点。
Summary:These sentences refer to actions that have been completed in the past.
Grammar
since
for 其后接过去某一时间点，“时间段+ago”或从句(一般
过去时),表示动作或状态从过去的某个时间点开始
1.两者都可用于完成时态;在陈述句中,
与其搭配的动词必须是延续性动词
2.since+“过去一段时间点”可以
和“for+一段时间”转换
3.对since/for构成的表示时间段的短语
或句子提问应该用how long
since+过去某一时间点
since+一段时间+ago
It is/has been +时间段+
since + 一般过去时的句子
since+从句(一般过去时)
其后接表示“某一时间”
的名词短语
for+“某一时间”
一.含有since或者for的现在完成时
二.since + 时间点和 for + 时间段的区别
概念 例子
since+时间点
for+ 时间段
时间点指的是具体的时间，
比如说一点、三点、十点。
I've study English since I was ten years old.
我从十岁开始学习英语。
(2)It was two years since we had parted.
那时我们已经分别两年了。
时间段指的是一段时间以内，
比如说一点到三点， 中间这
两个小时就是一段时间。
(1) My Mum has worked in this school for over
20 years. 我妈妈在这所学校工作了20多年。
(2) Alice has been married for three months.
爱丽丝已经结婚三个月了。
Grammar
延续性 动词
非延续性动词
延续性动词表示能延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如work,stay，live,learn等。
可以与表示时间段的状语连
用，如:for+时间段,since+时
间点/从句等。
表示动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束或产生结果。如come，go，leave，start，begin，become，receive，die等。
非延续性动词在肯定句中与
表示时间点的状语连用,如:
three months ago, at 4'clock。
Grammar
三.延续性动词与非延续性动词区别和互相转换
三.延续性动词与非延续性动词区别和互相转换
非延续性动词可以转换
为其相应的延续性动词。
borrow →have/has kept
buy→have/has had
My father brought the car three years ago.→My father has had the car for three years.
我父亲买这辆小汽车3年了。
非延续性动词转化
“be+形容词”
leave→be away (from);open→be open; close→be closed; die→be dead;
begin/start →be on;finish/end→be over
The cat died a week ago.→The
cat has been dead fora week.
这只猫死了一个星期了。
非延续性动词转化为
"be +介词(短语)”
或“be+名词”
come/go/join/arrive→be in/at;
join the army→be a soldier
Jim came to China ten years ago.→Jim has been in China for ten years. 吉姆来中国10年了。
Grammar
概念 例句
现在完成时
一般过去时
四.现在完成时和一般过去时对比
Grammar
一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去
的事情，强调动作；只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生,
不表示和现在的关系，常与表示过去的时间状语，
如: yesterday, last year, three days ago,just now等连用。
现在完成时表示过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。是这一动作与现在的关系,如对现在产生的结果或影响等,强调的是现在,常与since...for..., just,ever,never, before, already, yet, so far 等连用。
I have lost my new watch. 我把
新手表丢了。(现在还没找到)
I lost my new watch yesterday.
我昨天把新手表丢了。(现在找
到与否没说明)
Please refer to the following sentence patterns:
(1)— Where is Tom
— He has gone to the bookshop to buy some books.
(2)—Have you ever been to the Great Wall
—I have never been to the Great Wall.
(3)— Have you had lunch yet
— Yes, I have. I’ve just had it.
make conversations in the present perfect tense with your partner.Each group should practice the dialogue with at least five sentences in the present perfect tense.
Grammar
We use since with (a period of time/a point in time).
We use for with (a period of time/a point in time).
Grammar
A The present perfect tense with since and for
We often use since and for with the present perfect tense.
I have not laughed like this since my childhood.
The Greeks have tried to capture cur city for ton years.
Work out the rule
Doris: So you live in Hamburg, Hans
Hans:Yes, I'm a Hamburger. Have you ever met a Hamburger
Doris:Yes, I met one yesterday at a fast-food restaurant, and I ate it.
Hans:Ah, yes. I've heard that joke before, Doris.
Doris:Sorry, Hans. Tell me, how long have you lived in Hamburg
Hans:Since 1996. How long have you lived in Shanghai
Doris:For 14 years. I was born here.
A1 Hans is from Hamburg in Germany. He is talking to Doris. Read their conversation and answer the following questions.
Grammar
A2 Doris Is talking about herself. Read what she says and then decide whether the following sentences ore T (True) or F (False). Correct any false ones.
Hello. I'm Doris. It's now November 2012. I've lived in Shanghai since November 1998. I've studied at New Point Junior High School for one year and two months. I've been in the Science Club for one year. I joined the Volleyball Club two months ago.
Grammar
1 Doris has lived in Shanghai for four years. T/ F
______________________________________________________________
2 She has studied at New Point Junior High School since September 2010. T/ F
______________________________________________________________
3 She has been in the Science Club since November 2011. T/ F
______________________________________________________________
4 She has been in the Volleyball Club for two months. T/F
______________________________________________________________
Grammar
four
→
fourteen
2010
→
2011
They ____ ____ to capture our city ____ ten years.
2. I _______ _______ like this _____ my childhood.
3. I ___ ____ ____ _____ I came back.
4. Now ___ _____ ______ _____ morning.
5. We ____ _______ each other ____ twenty years.
6. I _______ _____ her ____ a long time.
7.I ____ _______ history ____ two years.
8.I ____ a history lesson yesterday.
9.I ______ _____ a lot about Greek history.
10.I ______ the story of the Trojan War last week.
have tried
for
haven’t laughed
since
've been busy
since
has been rainy since
have known
for
haven’t seen
for
用正确的时态填空
Grammar
have studied
for
had
have learn
read
Grammar
(1)(2021.北京)
中考链接
Mr. Smith ____ Chinese for two years. He's much better at it now.
A. learns B. was learning
C. has learned D. will learn
C
例题分析
(四川眉山中考改编)
中考链接
Her grandfather _____ a car in 2010. He the car for 10 years.
A. buys; has bought
B. bought; has had
C. buys ; has had
D. bought; has bought
B
Grammar
1. What is the general idea of the text
Where does Hans live
He ____ in __________.
2. How long has Hans lived in Hamburg
He ____ ____ there _____ _____.
3. How long has Doris lived in Shanghai
She ___ ____ there ___ ____ _____.
4. Where was Doris born
She ____ _____ ___ _________.
lives
Hamburg
has lived
since 1996
has lived
for 14 years
was born in Shanghai
Grammar
This is a dialogue between Hans and Doris. The dialogue is about where they live and how long they have lived.
Read A1 and answer the questions.
1.What is the main content of this passage
Doris introduced her living in Shanghai.
2.In which year 've lived Doris live in Shanghai
Since November 1998.
3.What school has Doris studied in How long has she studied there
She has studied at New Point Junior High School.She has studied there for one year and two months.
4.What club does Doris join
She joined the volleyball club.
Grammar
Read A2 and answer the questions.
We can use both the present perfect tense and the simple past tense to talk about a past experience.
I have studied History for two years. I had a History lesson yesterday.
I have learn a lot about Greek history. I read the story of the Trajan War last week.
B The present perfect tense and the simple past tense
Work out the rule
.We use ( the present perfect tense / the simple past tense) to talk about a past experience ) which has a connection to the present.
.We use (the present perfect tense / the simple past tense) to talk about a past experience ) to talk about a completed action in the past.
Grammar
Soldier: Captain! Captain! The Greeks (1)__________(go). They (2) ____ (leave) last night.
Captain: Great! They (3)______(come) here ten years ago and (4)
__________ (try) many times to capture our city, but they couldn't.
We (5) _________ (win).
Soldier:But they (6) ________ (leave) a huge wooden horse. Can you see it outside the
gates The Greeks (7) ___________(not take) it with them.
Captain:Let's keep it then. Go and pull it into the city.
B1 Read the following conversation between the captain and a soldier from the story "The Trojan plete it with the correct tenses of the verbs in brackets.
Grammar
have gone
left
came
have tried
have won
have left
didn't take
Thursday. 10 November
A new bookshop (1) _______ (open) the day before yesterday near my school. I
(2) ______ (go) there with my Cousin this afternoon.
I (3) _______ (buy) a travel book about Greece. I (4)_______________ (never be)
to Greece, but my cousin (5) _______ (visit) the country last year. I (6)________
(see) some of her photos. Greece is such a beautiful country.
My cousin (7) _______ (buy) a book about ancient Greece.I (8) _________
(read) a few pages of the book with her. 1 think its very interesting.
Grammar
opened
went
bought
have never been
visited
have seen
bought
have read
1. I ___________ (work) in the school since 2009.
2. The Smiths _____ (go) to Shanghai in 2008. They _________ (be) there since then.
3. Shenzhen ____ (be) a small town in the past, but now it __________ (become) a large modern city.
4. I ____ already _______ (write) the article. I _______ (finish) it yesterday.
5. — I ___ (see) the film So Young yesterday.
— Did you I ____________ (not see) it yet.
一. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。
have worked
went
have been
was
has become
have
written
finished
saw
haven’t seen
Exercise
二. 按要求改写下列句子，每空一词。
1. I have been in Hong Kong for two days.
(对划线部分提问)
____ ____ ____ ___ been in Hong Kong
2. The girl began to learn English five
years ago. (改为同义句)
The girl ___ _____ English ___ five years.
3. The girl has been a nurse since she left school. (对划线部分提问)
____ ____ ___ the girl been a nurse
How long have you
has learn
for
How long has
Exercise
4. I have had this bike since 2002. (改为同义句)
I ______ this bike ___ 2002.
5. The children arrived here at 9 o’clock. (改为同义句)
The children ____ ____ here _____ 9 o’clock.
bought in
have been since
二. 按要求改写下列句子，每空一词。
Exercise
1. Review the grammar of the present perfect tense.
2.Make some sentences using the present perfect tense with since and for. (at least 10)
3. Finish the exercises in Learning English.
4. Preview Speaking on page 90.
Homework
Exercise
谢谢
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