外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 3 Times change!Section A Starting out& Understanding ideas学案

Section A Starting out & Understanding ideas
学习目标
1、学会本节单词、短语。
2、掌握本节句型表达与运用。
知识运用
1. drop in
意思：________
drop in on sb.顺便拜访某人常见搭配
drop in at sp.顺便拜访/参观某个地方
drop 构成的其他短语：
drop off 下降，减少；打盹，打瞌睡；使……下车
drop out (of...)（从……）退出，退学
练习：Her injuries forced her to ________________(退出比赛).
2. pack
词性：_________ 意思：________
pack sth.(up)打包/包装……
pack...in/into...把……装进……
pack(sth.)up打行李，收拾行装
a pack of一包，一帮，一群
in packs成群地
练习：We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _______ dogs, seven to be exact.
3. prefer
词性：_________ 意思：________
prefer doing sth./to do sth.更喜欢做某事
prefer sb.to do sth.希望某人做某事
prefer A to B喜欢A多于喜欢B（to为介词）
prefer doing sth.to doing sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
prefer to do sth. rather than(to) do sth.( = would rather do sth. than dosth.）宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
prefer that...希望/更愿意……(从句谓语常用"should+动词原形"，should可以省略）
have a preference for sth.偏爱某物
preferable 更可取的；更合适的
preference n.更可取的，更欢，较喜欢偏好，喜好
in preference to而不是
练习：We most prefer _______ (say) yes to the requests of someone we know and like.
4. sympathy
词性：_________ 意思：________
out of sympathy(for...) 出于(对……的）同情
in sympathy 同情地（常作方式状语）
feel/express/show sympathy for sb.同情某人
练习：用 sympathy 的适当形式填空
Although I have_______ difficulty, it is very hard for me to _______ with the young man begging in the street; in other words, I do not feel _______ towards him at all.
5. admit
词性：_________ 意思：________
admit(to)sth.承认……
admit(to)doing sth.承认做过某事
admit(to sb.)that...(向某人）承认……
admit…to/into...准许……进入/加人……
admission (机构、组织等的）准许加入，加入权，进入权；（尤指对过错、罪行的)承认；入场费
admission charges/prices 入场费/票价
练习：I had to admit _______ (be) nervous about the test.
句型梳理
1. The day I heard that the Rainbow Bookstore was closing after 50 years of business, I was heartbroken.听说开了50年的彩虹书店要关门那天，我特别伤心。句式剖析 该句是主从复合句。
The day是时间类名词短语，在此引导时间状语从句。考点提炼时间类名词短语当连词用引导时间状语从句的用法
表示时间的名词短语the day, the month, the year可以引导时间状语从句，分别表示 “……的那一天” “……的那个月” “……的那一年”。常见的这类名词短语还有：the time, the moment, the minute, the first time, each time, every time, next time, anytime等。
He called on his old friend the day he arrived.他到达当天便去拜访了他的老朋友。The year he worked in Africa, he learned a lot about the local customs and culture.在非洲工作的那一年，他了解了许多当地的风俗文化。
2. Sighing deeply, he told me how it was becoming difficult to run an independent bookstore.他深叹一口气，告诉我说经营私营书店是越来越难了。
本句的结构分析如下：句式剖析v-ing短语，作时间状语(Sighing deeply),he told me不定式短语，为真正的主语形式主语how it was becoming difficult (to run an independent bookstore). how引导的宾语从句考点提炼 how引导宾语从句的用法必错how作连接词引导宾语从句时的常见情况：（1）在宾语从句中作状语，表示方式、状况等，意为“如何，怎样”。
I want to know how he is getting on with his study.我想知道他的学习进展如何。
（2）在宾语从句中作状语，表示程度，意为“多么”。
He said how he regretted the hours wasted in university.他说他非常惋惜在大学里浪费的时光。
归纳拓展 how引导其他名词性从句的用法：how作为连接副词，除了可引导宾语从句外，还可引导主语从句、同位语从句和表语从句。how在从句中作状语。How dinosaurs disappeared remains mysterious.恐龙是如何消失的仍然是一个谜。My concern is how the students can get better grades.我关心的问题是如何让学生们取得更好的成绩。
特别提醒how引导的名词性从句的主语与主句主语相同时，从句有时可变为"how +to do"形式。如：MI want to know how I can get the needed information. =I want to know how to get the needed information.
3. The campaign had been led by Jennifer Oakley, a saleswoman who had grown up in the neighbourhood and who had now taken over the bookstore from Casey.活动由詹妮弗·奥克利领导。她是名售货员，从小在这里长大，之后她从凯西手中接管了书店。
句式剖析
该句是主从复合句。a saleswoman是Jennifer Oakley的同位语；"who had grown up…"和"who had now…"是两个并列的定语从句,它们均修饰a saleswoman。
考点提炼同位语
（1）一个名词或代词后面有时可跟一个名词或有类似语法功能的其他的词或短语，对前者作出进一步的解释，说明它指的是谁、是什么等，这个词或短语就叫作同位语。
We Chinese people are brave-and hard-working.我们中国人是勇敢且勤劳的。
One of the most popular places for tourists is the Great Wall, the famous symbol of
China.最受游客欢迎的景点之一是长城，它是中国著名的象征。
（2）同位语可以是一个词或短语，也可以是一个句子。在复合句中作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。同位语从句的具体用法如下：
①功能：对相关名词(多为表示抽象意义的名词，如idea, fact, truth, belief, hope, news, doubt, suggestion等）或代词进行解释说明
②与名词/代词的关系：同位关系③从句引导词：that, whether, why, who, where, how, when 等④注意：有时同位语从句和它所说明的名词会被其他成分隔开，这种同位语从句叫分隔式同位语从句We have he and the news that a new steel bridge will be built over the Yangtze River in our hometown.我们已听说了，在我们家乡的长江上将建一座新钢构桥。
He got a message from Mr. Green that the manager couldn't see him that afternoon. 他从格林先生那儿得到消息——经理那天下午不能见他。
He hasn't made his decision whether he will join us.他还未决定是否加入我们。
I have no idea how I can get to the railway station.我不知道怎么去火车站。
特别提醒（1）连接词that引导同位语从句时仅起连接作用，不在从句中充当任何成分，且没有意义，一般不能省略。连接代词/连接副词引导同位语从句时起引导从句和充当句子成分的双重作用。（2）whether引导同位语从句时有词义，但不在从句中充当成分，引导同位语从句时whether 不可用if替换。
答案
知识运用
1.drop out of the competition 2.of 3.saying/ to say 4.sympathy/sympathies; sympathize; sympathetic 5.being
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