专题 04 定语从句
备考2023年高考英语二轮复习讲练测--测
（解析版）
考试时间：30分钟； 满分：60分
一 用单词的适当形式完成句子（每题1.5分，共15分）
1.(内蒙古呼和浩特市赛罕区英华学校2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月考)Many westerners ____42____ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ____43____ can be to eat out.
【答案】who/that
【解析】考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。
2.(山东师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三10月学情诊断考试)The rich collection of genes ___60___ decide their qualities would disappear with them.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：决定它们品质的丰富的基因集合将随着它们一起消失。分析句式结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词词gene是物，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词that或which来引导，故填that/which。
3.(山西省晋城市第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第五次调研考试)Gu Ailing, ____41____ is born to an American father and a Chinese mother , decided to compete for China in the 2022 Winter Olympics in June,2019. 【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：谷爱凌的父亲是美国人，母亲是中国人。2019年6月，她决定代表中国参加2022年冬奥会。设空处引导非限制性的定语从句，先行词为Gu Ailing，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。故填who。
4.(四川省成都石室中学2022-2023学年高三上学期10月月考) Thinking about that possibility, I turned and walked back to the table ____63____ I had been sitting.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：考虑到这种可能性，我转身走回我刚才坐的那张桌子。分析可知，空后的内容在句中为定语从句，先行词为table，空处指代先行词，在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where，故填where。
5.(四川省绵竹中学2022-2023学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题) Shanghai,____45____entered its 41st day of temperatures above 35℃ on Sunday, has experienced six days with high temperatures above 40℃ this summer.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：上周日，上海连续第41天气温超过35℃，今年夏天，上海已经连续6天气温超过40℃。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Shanghai，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
6.(新疆生产建设兵团第一师高级中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次月考)Chinese Teachers’ Day is the very festival ___61___ celebrates the 2,300-year tradition of respecting teachers and education in China.
【答案】that
【解析】考查关系词。句意：中国教师节是庆祝中国2300年来尊师重教传统的节日。分析句子可知，“ celebrates the 2,300-year tradition of respecting teachers and education in China”是从句部分，修饰festival，从句部分缺主语，且有the very修饰，只能填that。故填that。
7.(新疆伊宁教育联盟2022-2023学年上学期高三英语期中考试) This important test will greatly affect a young person’s future, who are used to decide which university a student can attend.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是test，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导，故将who改为which。
8.(重庆巴蜀中学2022-2023学年高三上学期适应性月考) In the northwestern Chinese city of Dunhuang, __42__ is known for the UNESCO World Heritage Site Mogao Grottoes, the “digital Dunhuang project” has made extensive use of digitalization.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在以联合国教科文组织世界遗产莫高窟而闻名的中国西北部城市敦煌，“数字敦煌项目”广泛利用了数字化。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词Dunhuang，先行词在非限定性定语从句中作主语，先行词为物，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
9.(北京市中关村中学2022-2023学年高三上学期9月统练一英语试题)The process takes as many as 108 steps, all of ___3___ require a level of delicacy.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：这个过程需要多达108个步骤，所有的步骤都需要一定程度的精细。这里是非限制性定语从句，先行词为process，指物，句子中缺乏主语，故用关系词which连接从句。故填which。
10.(广东省汕头市2022-2023学年高三上学期期中监测英语试题)It was a place_____38_____ they could find water and refreshment, and provided rest and safety.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这是一个他们可以找到水和点心，并提供休息和安全的地方。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a place，关系词在从句中做地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，故填where。
二、单句改错 （每句话有一处错误，每小题1分，共15分）
1．This was just WeChat’s first move invite more global celebrities, said Zhu Liqun, which leads the marketing department.
2．The lady was 91-year-old Pamela Youde whose husband was the late Sir Edward Youde, which served as the governor of Hong Kong between 1982 and in 1986.
3．Then I got the terrified email what said school would close for at least two weeks.
4．They often run at high speeds, what may put our lives in danger.
5．Dr. Rowan, who secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
6．Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy.
7．Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.
8．In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.
9．One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
10．They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish.
11．Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 who showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
12．The best part of the process is that there’s enough room for improvement, that means you’ll just keep getting better and better.
13．My eldest son, who work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
14．In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.
15．（吉林省吉林市普通中学2022-2023学年高三上学期10月第一次调研）I still remember the wonderful moment where Chinese Women’s Volleyball Team defeated all the other teams and win the gold medal.
【答案】1.which改为who 2.which改为who 3.what改为that/which 4.what改为which 5.who改为whose 6.what改为which 7.what改为which/that 8.what改为which/that 9.where改为when 10.which改为where或which前加in 11.who改为which/that 12.that改为which 13.that改为which 14.that改为which 15.where改为when
1.考查定语从句。句意：市场部负责人朱立群表示，这只是微信邀请更多全球名人的第一步。结合句意分析句子结构可知，first move后 invite more global celebrities为定语，意指“邀请更多世界名人的”第一步。因名词move前有序数词first修饰限定，则只能用不定式作后置定语。所以应在invite前加to。同时，分析句子结构可知，逗号后为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Zhu Liqun，先行词指人，在从句中作主语，which不能指代人，应用who引导非限制性从句。故在invite前加to，将which改为who。
2.考查定语从句。句意：这位女士是91岁的尤德夫人，她的丈夫是已经去世的尤德爵士，他在1982年至1986年期间担任香港总督。分析句子可知，逗号后为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 the late Sir Edward Youde，先行词指人，并且在从句中作主语，which不能指代人， 所以应该用关系代词问候引导非限制性定语从句。故将which改为who。
3.考查定语从句。句意：然后我收到了一封令人感到可怕的电子邮件，这封信说学校至少要关门两周。结合句意，email前的形容词应表示“令人感到害怕的”，而terrified表示“感到害怕的”，所以应该将terrified改为terrifying。同时，分析句子结构可知，email后为限制性定语从句，从句对先行词email进行补充说明，先行词为“email”，指物，在从句中作主语，而what不能引导定语从句，故应用关系代词that或which引导限制性定语从句。故应将terrified改为terrifying，将what改为that/which。
4.考查限制性非定语从句关系代词。句意：它们经常高速行驶，这可能会危及我们的生命。结合句意，分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，先行词为“They often run at high speeds”，在从句中做主语，用which 引导。故将what改为which。
5．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：罗文医生的秘书两周前辞职，他不得不自己打字。此处为定语从句修饰先行词Dr. Rowan，从句缺少修饰secretary的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故who改为whose。
6．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：感谢你的信，它真的让我非常开心。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词letter，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导。故what改为which。
7．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：明白她的好意，我感激地吃了妈妈提供的所有食物。此处为定语从句修饰先行词food，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which/that引导。故what改为which/that。
8．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：在咖啡馆里，顾客可以在为他们创造的历史环境中尽情享受。此处为定语从句修饰先行词environment，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which/that引导。故what改为which/that。
9．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：上小学的一个下午，我正在学校的操场散步。此处为定语从句修饰先行词one afternoon，从句缺少时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故where改为when。
10．考查定语从句关系副词。句意：他们还有一个小池塘，在那里养鱼。我爷爷说去年夏天他们卖鱼赚了很多钱。此处为定语从句修饰先行词pond，从句缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where引导；此外表示“在鱼塘里”应用介词in，结合“关系副词=介词+which”可知，此处也可用in which引导从句。故which改为where或which前加in。
11．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：该综述的两位作者还于2014年发表了一项研究，研究表明每天跑步5到10分钟可以降低心脏病风险和各种原因导致的早期死亡。此处为定语从句修饰先行词study，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which/that引导。故who改为which/that。
12．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：这个过程中最棒的部分是有足够的改进空间，这意味着你会变得越来越好。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰上文表语“there’s enough room for improvement”，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导。故第二个that改为which。
13．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：我的大儿子目前在纽约，他的工作使他走遍了世界各地。此处为定语从句修饰先行词son，从缺缺少修饰名词work的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故who改为whose。
14．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：在业余时间，他们对在他们家屋顶的花园里种植蔬菜感兴趣。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词garden，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导。故that改为which。
15.考查定语从句。句意：我仍然记得中国女排击败所有其他球队赢得金牌的精彩时刻。分析句子可知，the wonderful moment在后面的从句作时间状语，用关系副词when引导定语从句。
三、语篇填空 （每空1.5分，共30分）
用单词的适当形式完成下面两篇短文
Passage 1
The home crowd erupted when China's Eileen Gu won the Women's Freeski Big Air gold in Beijing. Gu jumped into the top position with her third run, ____1____ (score) 94.50. Her total score was 188.25 in the event's debut at the Winter Olympics.
The 18-year-old, ____2____ also goes by her Chinese name, Gu Ailing, is a freestyle skier, model and grade-A student with ____3____ American father and a Chinese mother. She grew up in the United States. It was there____4____ she grew to love skiing. By 2018, she was representing the US in the world cup for the sport.
Then, she decided to switch from representing the US____5____ representing China. The decision met with shock and____6____ (confuse) from her growing fan base but Eileen Gu was more than____7____ (determine), sharing her reasoning on Instagram at the time.
“This was an____8____ (incredible) tough decision for me to make...Through skiing, I hope to unite people, promote common understanding, create communication and forge friendships between____9____ (nation). If I can help to inspire one young girl____10____ (break) a boundary, my wishes will have come true.”
【答案】1．scoring 2．who 3．an 4．that 5．to 6．confusion 7．determined 8．incredibly 9．nations 10．to break
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了东奥滑雪冠军谷爱凌的事迹。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：在第三轮比赛中，谷爱凌以94.50的成绩跃居榜首。分析句子结构可知，此空应为非谓语动词，且与主语“Gu”之间为主动关系，故填scoring。
2．考查定语从句。句意：18岁的少女，中文名字叫谷爱凌，是一名自由式滑雪者、模特和好学生，父亲是美国人，母亲是中国人。分析句子结构可知，此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“The 18-year-old”，指人，在从句中作主语，由于是非限制性定语从句故不能用that，故填who。
3．考查冠词。句意：18岁的少女，中文名字叫谷爱凌，是一名自由式滑雪者、模特和好学生，父亲是美国人，母亲是中国人。根据“American father”可知，此处应该用不定冠词表示泛指，American为元音因素开头的词，故填an。
4．考查强调句。句意：就是在那里，她爱上了滑雪。分析句子结构可知，此句为强调句，故填that。
5．考查介词。句意：然后，她决定从代表美国转到代表中国。from...to...为固定搭配，意为“从……到……”，故填to。
6．考查名词。句意：这一决定令她不断增长的粉丝群感到震惊和困惑。分析句子结构可知，此处应填名词，与“shock”构成并列结构，故填confusion。
7．考查形容词。句意：但当时谷爱凌意志非常坚定，在Instagram上分享她的决定。分析句子结构可知，此处应填形容词作表语，修饰主语“Eileen Gu”的状态，意为“意志坚定的”，故填determined。
8．考查副词。句意：这对我来说是一个非常艰难的决定。分析句子结构可知，此处应填副词修饰形容词tough，故填incredibly。
9．考查名词单复数。句意：我希望通过滑雪来团结人们，增进理解，建立交流，建立国家之间的友谊。nation为可数名词，且此处表示复数，故填nations。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果我能帮助激励一个年轻女孩打破界限，我的愿望就会实现。inspire sb. to do sth.为固定用法，意为“激励某人做某事”，故填to break。
Passage 2
The next morning, the two girls arose early ___11___ (take) the train to Lake Louise, passing through the Canadian Rockies. ___12___ (see) from the train window, the mountains and forests of Canada looked ___13___ (mass). When the train arrived at the station, they took a taxi to Lake Louise ___14___ the blue water literally took their breath ___15___ with its exceptional beauty. They ___16___ (spend) the night, and then took ___17___ coach bound north through the Canadian Rockies to Jasper. Looking at the beautiful scenery, they both agreed that it was the ___18___ (awesome) journey they had ever taken. In addition to seeing spectacular mountain peaks and forests, one highlight of their trip was ___19___ (be) a ble to see many different creatures, including deer, mountain ___20___ (goat), and even a grizzly bear and an eagle.
【答案】
10.to take 12．Seen 13．massive 14．where 15．away 16．spent 17．a 18．most awesome 19．being 20．Goats
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了两个女孩很早就起床，乘火车穿过加拿大落基山脉前往路易斯湖路上的风景。
11.考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，两个女孩很早就起床，乘火车穿过加拿大落基山脉前往路易斯湖。分析句子可知，句子的谓语是arose ，此空处需要不定时作目的状语。故填to take。
12．考查非谓语动词。句意：从火车窗口望去，加拿大的山峦和森林显得十分壮观。分析句子可知，句子的谓语是looked，see与其逻辑主语the mountains and forests of Canada 是被动的关系，所以此空处需要过去分词表被动作状语。故填Seen。
13．考查形容词。句意：从火车窗口望去，加拿大的山峦和森林显得十分壮观。分析句子可知，looked是系动词，后可接形容词作宾语，mass“大量”是名词，其形容词是massive“大量的；壮观的”，故填massive。
14．考查定语从句。句意：当火车到达车站时，他们乘出租车去了路易斯湖，在那里，蓝色的海水以其独特的美让他们惊叹不已。分析句子可知，定语从句中不缺主语和宾语，先行词是 Lake Louise 在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。
15．考查固定短语。句意：当火车到达车站时，他们乘出租车去了路易斯湖，在那里，蓝色的海水以其独特的美让他们惊叹不已。固定短语take one's breath away“令某人惊叹不已”。故填away。
16．考查动词时态。句意：他们过了一夜，然后乘长途汽车向北穿过加拿大落基山脉到达贾斯珀。根据并列连词and后面句子的谓语是took，可知and前面的句子里的谓语也应用一般过去时。故填spent。
17．考查冠词。句意：他们过了一夜，然后乘长途汽车向北穿过加拿大落基山脉到达贾斯珀。coach“长途汽车”是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且coach发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
18．考查形容词最高级。句意：看着美丽的风景，他们都认为这是他们有史以来最棒的一次旅行。空处修饰名词journey，需用形容词作定语，定冠词the修饰形容词最高级。故填most awesome。
19．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了能看到壮观的山峰和森林，他们此行的一个亮点是能看到许多不同的生物，包括鹿、山羊，甚至还有灰熊和鹰。分析句子结构可知，was是系动词，空处应用动名词短语作表语。故填being。
20．考查名词。句意：除了能看到壮观的山峰和森林，他们此行的一个亮点是能看到许多不同的生物，包括鹿、山羊，甚至还有灰熊和鹰。goat为可数名词，前无冠词，应用复数。故填goats。专题 04 定语从句
备考2023年高考英语二轮复习讲练测--测
（原卷版）
考试时间：30分钟； 满分：60分
一 用单词的适当形式完成句子（每题1.5分，共15分）
1.(内蒙古呼和浩特市赛罕区英华学校2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月考)Many westerners ____42____ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ____43____ can be to eat out.
2.(山东师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三10月学情诊断考试)The rich collection of genes ___60___ decide their qualities would disappear with them.
3.(山西省晋城市第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第五次调研考试)Gu Ailing, ____41____ is born to an American father and a Chinese mother , decided to compete for China in the 2022 Winter Olympics in June,2019.
4.(四川省成都石室中学2022-2023学年高三上学期10月月考) Thinking about that possibility, I turned and walked back to the table ____63____ I had been sitting.
5.(四川省绵竹中学2022-2023学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题) Shanghai,____45____entered its 41st day of temperatures above 35℃ on Sunday, has experienced six days with high temperatures above 40℃ this summer.
6.(新疆生产建设兵团第一师高级中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次月考)Chinese Teachers’ Day is the very festival ___61___ celebrates the 2,300-year tradition of respecting teachers and education in China.
7.(新疆伊宁教育联盟2022-2023学年上学期高三英语期中考试) This important test will greatly affect a young person’s future, who are used to decide which university a student can attend.
8.(重庆巴蜀中学2022-2023学年高三上学期适应性月考) In the northwestern Chinese city of Dunhuang, __42__ is known for the UNESCO World Heritage Site Mogao Grottoes, the “digital Dunhuang project” has made extensive use of digitalization.
9.(北京市中关村中学2022-2023学年高三上学期9月统练一英语试题)The process takes as many as 108 steps, all of ___3___ require a level of delicacy.
10.(广东省汕头市2022-2023学年高三上学期期中监测英语试题)It was a place_____38_____ they could find water and refreshment, and provided rest and safety.
二、单句改错 （每句话有一处错误，每小题1分，共15分）
1．This was just WeChat’s first move invite more global celebrities, said Zhu Liqun, which leads the marketing department.
2．The lady was 91-year-old Pamela Youde whose husband was the late Sir Edward Youde, which served as the governor of Hong Kong between 1982 and in 1986.
3．Then I got the terrified email what said school would close for at least two weeks.
4．They often run at high speeds, what may put our lives in danger.
5．Dr. Rowan, who secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
6．Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy.
7．Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.
8．In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.
9．One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
10．They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish.
11．Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 who showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
12．The best part of the process is that there’s enough room for improvement, that means you’ll just keep getting better and better.
13．My eldest son, who work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
14．In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.
15．（吉林省吉林市普通中学2022-2023学年高三上学期10月第一次调研）I still remember the wonderful moment where Chinese Women’s Volleyball Team defeated all the other teams and win the gold medal. .
三、语篇填空 （每空1.5分，共30分）
用单词的适当形式完成下面两篇短文
Passage 1
The home crowd erupted when China's Eileen Gu won the Women's Freeski Big Air gold in Beijing. Gu jumped into the top position with her third run, ____1____ (score) 94.50. Her total score was 188.25 in the event's debut at the Winter Olympics.
The 18-year-old, ____2____ also goes by her Chinese name, Gu Ailing, is a freestyle skier, model and grade-A student with ____3____ American father and a Chinese mother. She grew up in the United States. It was there____4____ she grew to love skiing. By 2018, she was representing the US in the world cup for the sport.
Then, she decided to switch from representing the US____5____ representing China. The decision met with shock and____6____ (confuse) from her growing fan base but Eileen Gu was more than____7____ (determine), sharing her reasoning on Instagram at the time.
“This was an____8____ (incredible) tough decision for me to make...Through skiing, I hope to unite people, promote common understanding, create communication and forge friendships between____9____ (nation). If I can help to inspire one young girl____10____ (break) a boundary, my wishes will have come true.”
Passage 2
The next morning, the two girls arose early ___11___ (take) the train to Lake Louise, passing through the Canadian Rockies. ___12___ (see) from the train window, the mountains and forests of Canada looked ___13___ (mass). When the train arrived at the station, they took a taxi to Lake Louise ___14___ the blue water literally took their breath ___15___ with its exceptional beauty. They ___16___ (spend) the night, and then took ___17___ coach bound north through the Canadian Rockies to Jasper. Looking at the beautiful scenery, they both agreed that it was the ___18___ (awesome) journey they had ever taken. In addition to seeing spectacular mountain peaks and forests, one highlight of their trip was ___19___ (be) a ble to see many different creatures, including deer, mountain ___20___ (goat), and even a grizzly bear and an eagle.
