高中英语高考句子成分学习课件(23张ppt)

(共23张PPT)
句子成分
1) 主语
2) 谓语
3) 表语
4) 宾语
5) 定语
6) 状语
7) 补足语
8) 同位语
predicative
subject
object
complement
attributive
adverbial
predicate
appositive
Subject-predicate relationship
Which of in the following phrases indicates a subject-predicate relationship
A. The occupation of the island.
B. The law of Newton.
C. The arrival of the tourists.
D. The plays of Oscar Wilde.
Predicative
常位于系动词 (be, become, appear, seem, look, sound, feel, get, smell等词) 之后
用来修饰主语
e.g. The river is deep.
Predicate-object relation
Which of the italicized phrases indicates a predicate-object relation (动宾关系)
A. The enemy’s defeat brought the war to an end.
B. The girl’s story moved all the people in the room.
C. Jack’s visit makes his friends quite excited.
D. Sue’s coat was lost.
Attributive
used before a noun to describe it
of adjectives or nouns
e.g. This is a difficult problem.
attributive
(of adjectives or nouns) used before a noun to describe it
两个形容词用and 或or连接作定语, 进一步说明被修饰名词的作用, 此时须后置.
e.g. Power stations, large and small, have been set up all over the country.
Adverbial
modifies verbs, adjectives, adverbs or the whole sentence
of adverbs or its equivalent structures
e.g. He runs fast.
Complement
宾语补足语
主语补足语
object complement
subject complement
Object complement
宾语后面加上一个词或一个短语用来对宾语的特征、状态等情况进行补充说明, 使句子结构变的更加完整, 这个成分我们称之为宾语补足语
e.g. We call him Tom.
object complement vs. direct & indirect objects

Object complement vs. indirect object
1. 从动词上区分
一些动词后面常跟复合宾语(即宾语+宾补), 这类动词有let, see, watch, hear, help, feel, keep, call, make, find, tell, ask, think, want等 。
e.g. We must keep the classroom clean.
一些动词后面常跟双宾语(直接宾语+间接宾语), 这类动词有give, show, bring, read, pass, lend, tell, leave, teach, write, buy, sing等 。
e.g. The teacher gives each of them an eraser.
indirect object
direct object
object complement vs. indirect object
2. 从充当这两个成分的词的词性上区分
能充当宾语补足语成分的词性较多，如名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式 （短语）和分词（短语）。
e.g. We call him Tom.
　　 They must keep their hands behind their backs.
I won’t let you try again.
　　The other students in the class keep their eyes closed.
n.
介词短语
省略to的不定式短语
过去分词
object complement vs. indirect object
2. 从充当这两个成分的词的词性上区分
在双宾语中，能充当间接宾语或是直接宾语的一般是名词或代词。
e.g. She showed us (pron.) a new TV set (n.).
　　 He gave Tom (n.) a piece of paper (n.).
object complement vs. indirect object
3. 从构成宾语和宾语补足语之间与构成宾语的间接宾语和直接宾语之间的关系上区分
宾语和宾语补足语之间关系比较紧密，去掉其中一个成分，句子就不能成立或句意不完整。
当名词、形容词、副词、介词短语作宾语补足语时，和宾语之间具有“主系表关系”；当不定式（短语）或分词（短语）作宾语补足语时，和宾语之间具有“主谓关系”。
e.g. We made Tom monitor. (Tom is monitor.)
e.g. I found him in Room 201. (He was in Room 201.)
We heard her singing in the room. (She was singing in the room.)
object complement vs. indirect object
在双宾语中，两个宾语间的关系比较松散，有的句子去掉其中一个宾语，句子仍然成立。
双宾语“及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”的结构可以改写为“及物动词+直接宾语+for/ to sb.”的结构。
e.g. Please show me your new book.
→Please show your new book to me.
e.g. He gave her an eraser.
→He gave an eraser to her.
Exercise
1. Which of the following sentences has an object complement
A. The directors appointed John manager.
B. I gave Mary a Christmas present.
C. You have done Peter a favour.
D. She is teaching children English.
Note:
A选项中John和manager之间存在着逻辑主谓关系。
B、C和D选项中动词后面为双宾语结构。
Exercise
Which of the following sentences has a subject complement
A. We landed in Shanghai safe and sound tonight.
B. I decided to give you all my love.
C. Do not go gentle into that good night.
D. Old people should burn and rave against the dying of the light.
subject complement
1. object complement changed into subject complement
e.g. We caught him alive.
He was caught alive.
subject complement
2. subject complement能与subject构成主系表关系
e.g. The sun rose red.
She used to sit silent for hours.
The moon shone pale.
He fell dead.
We landed in Shanghai safe and sound tonight.
Exercise
Which of the following italicized phrases is NOT used as the SUBJECT COMPLEMENT
A. Environmental pollution seemed to be the only explanation.
B. The Constituent Assembly elected him President of the Provisional Government.
C. A man was found guilty of giving blood for transfusion when HIT positive.
D. She is called the absolute bookworm by her classmates.
1. 部分以a-开头的表语形容词, 如：alive, alike, alone, awake 等有时也可以作定语修饰名词。此时, 须将该形容词置于被修饰的名词之后。
2.形容词responsible作“可信赖的；可靠的”解时, 作前置定语；作“有责任的；应负责的”解时, 须作后置定语。
e.g. He is a responsible man.
他是一个可以信赖的人.
The man responsible should be their manager.
负责任的应该是他们的经理.
appositive
A noun, noun phrase, or series of nouns placed next to another word or phrase to identify or rename it.
e.g. My father, a fat, funny man with beautiful eyes, is trying to decide which of his eight children he will take with him to the county fair.
Exercise
Which of the following reflexive pronouns (反身代词) is used as an appositive (同位语)
A. He promised himself rapid progress.
B. The manager herself will interview Mary.
C. I have nothing to say for myself.
D. They quarreled themselves red in the face.