2023届高考英语一轮复习定语从句 课件（40张ppt）

(共40张PPT)
定语从句
1.定语从句
修饰限定句中某一名词或代词的句子叫定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的词后面。被修饰的词称为先行词。
2.关系词：连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。
关系代词：
关系副词：
3.关系词的作用
（1）连接作用，
（2）指代作用，
（3）充当成分，
4.分类：定语从句分为________定语从句和_________定语从句两类。
who, whom, which, that, whose, as
when, where, why
连接主、从句；
指代先行词，与先行词保持意义一致；
在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语等。
限制性
非限制性
关系代词 指代对象 在从句中的成分
人 物 主语 宾语 定语
who
whom
that
which
whose
as
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
(√)
(√)
(√)
(√)
1.who, whom, that引导的定语从句
关系词who, whom, that引导定语从句时，其先行词是人。若关系代词在从句中作主语，可用________或________引导定语从句；若关系代词在从句作作宾语，可用________, ________或________引导定语从句，此时的关系代词可以省略。例如：
Is he the man ________________________ wants to see you
He is the man________________________ I saw yesterday.
who
that
who
that
whom
who/that
(who/that/whom
【区别】who和that
（1）当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，通常要用 __________。
（2）当先行词为 those 且指人时，英语习惯上要用 ________来引导定语从句。
【填空】
She is no longer the girl ________ she was.她和以前不一样了。
Those ________ laugh last, laugh longest.谁笑到最后，谁笑得最久。
that
who
that
who
2.whose引导的定语从句
关系代词whose引导定语从句时，其先行词既可以指人，也可以指事物。whose在定语从句中用作________（成分），表示所属关系。指物时，“whose＋名词”可用“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”来代替。
Do you know the boy _____________ handwriting is very beautiful
I'd like a room ____________ window faces the sea.
→I'd like a room, _________________________ faces the sea.
→I'd like a room, _________________________ faces the sea.
whose
whose
the room of which
of which the room
定语
3.that,which引导的定语从句
关系词that引导定语从句时，其先行词可以是人，也可以是事物。that在从句作________、________或________等成分。关系词which引导定语从句时，其先行词是事物。which在从句作可以作_______、________或________等成分。例如：
A driver _______________has knocked someone down must stop.
This is the boy ______________ we all like.
She was not on the train ______________arrived just now.
表语
宾语
宾语
定语
主语
that
(that)
that/which
主语
【填空】
1.He is the man ______________ you have been looking for.
2.He is not that man________ he was.
3.This is the plane ________________ will fly to Tokyo in the afternoon.
4.Shengzhen is not the city _______________ it used to be.
5.He never got back the money ________________ he had lent her.
6. I know the boy ____________ father is my English teacher.
that/whch
that
that
(which/that)
whose
(who/whom/that)
【区别】that与which
①_____________________，通常要用which。
She made great progress and won a prize, which gave us a surprise.她取得了巨大进步，这使我们很惊讶。
②________________________，通常要用which。
This is the room in which Lu Xun once lived.这就是鲁迅曾经居住的房间。
③当先行词是_________________________________________，通常用that。
All that can be done has been done.一切能做的都已经做了。
不定代词much, little, none, all, few,
every(thing), any(thing), no(thing) 等或被它们修饰时
引导非限制性定语从句时
直接放在介词后作宾语时
④当先行词________________________________，通常用that。
This is the best film that I have seen.这是我看过的最好的一部电影。
⑤当关系代词__________________________ ，通常用that。
China is not the country that it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。
⑥当先行词_______________________________，通常用that。
They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them. 他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事。
是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时
在定语从句中用作表语
有形容词最高级或序数词
(包括last, next)等修饰时
4.as引导的限制性定语从句
关系代词as引导限制性定语从句时，其先行词可以是________，也可以是________。as在从句作________、________或________等成分。此时，定语从句的先行词与such, the same连用或先行词本身就是the same。例如：
I would like to use the same pen ________ you used just now.
Such a film ________you described should not be shown at all.
The school is just the same ________ it was 10 years ago.
人
事物
主语
宾语
表语
as
as
as
【练习一】用关系代词填空
1.Women ______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ______ don’t.
2.A child _________ parents are dead is called an orphan．
3.Look out ! Don' t get too close to the house _____ roof is under repair.
4. This is the same knife ___________ I lost.
who
who
whose
whose
as
5.—Do you have anything to say for yourselves
—Yes，there's one point____________ we must insist on.
6.This is the best film ___________ I have ever seen.
7.Finally, the thief handed everything _____ he had stolen to the police.
8.All _____ is needed is a supply of oil.
(that)
(that/which)
(that)
that
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where和why。
当先行词是表示时间的名词并且关系词在从句中作状语时，用________引导定语从句；当先行词是表示地点的名词并且关系词在从句中作状语时，用________引导定语从句；当先行词是表示原因的名词并且关系词在从句中作状语时，用________引导定语从句。
where
when
why
【填空】
1.I still remember the day ________ I first came to this school.
2.Shanghai is the city________ I was born.。
3.The reason ________ he was punished is unknown to us.
when
where
why
【注】
（1）当先行词为时间、地点、原因名词时，如果关系词在从句中不是作状语，而是作主语或宾语时，则用关系代词引导定语从句。例如：
The reason________________ he gave is that his mother was ill.
The photos make me think of the happy days ________________ we spent together.
This is the factory ________________they visited yesterday.
(that/which)
(that/which)
(that/which)
（2）当定语从句先行词是表示某人或物的情况（case, situation, position, condition），某事发展的阶段（stage），某事的某种地步（point）或某一领域（business, job, career, chair）等“模糊地点”时，常用where引导定语从句。例如：
Have you ever had a case where your teacher misunderstood you 你是否遇到过老师误解你的情况？
The accident had reached a point where both their parents are to be called in.事情发展到如此地步，不得不请双方家长来一趟啦。
He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. 他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。
（3）关系副词有时可以换成“介词+关系代词”。例如：
The reason why(=for which) he refused the invitation is not clear.
I’ll never forget the day when (=on which) I joined the army.
Great changes have taken place in the city where (=in which) I was born.
（4）the way后面的定语从句，关系词若在从句中作状语，通常不用关系词，也可用________或________来引导。如：
I don’t like the way ______________he laughed at me.
Do it the way _______________ you were taught.
that
in which
(that/in which)
(that/in which)
【练习二】
1. Because of the financial crisis（经济危机）, days are gone ___________ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 Yuan for one night.
2．After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ___________ he grew up as a child.
3. Do you still remember the chicken farm ___________ we visited three months ago
when
where
(that/which)
4. I can think of many cases ______ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn't write a good essay.
5. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation _________ he is likely to lose control over the plane.
6. I don't like the way _____________you speak to her.
(that/in which)
where
where
三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
在限制性定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时，可用that/which(指物)；that/who/whom（指人）作介词的宾语。此时，关系代词可以省略。例如：
The man (who/whom/that) you spoke to is my friend.你与之讲话的人是我朋友。
The house (that/which) she used to live in is pulled down.她过去居住的房子被拆了。
有时定语从句中与谓语搭配的介词可以提前放在关系词的前面，这样便形成了“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。其中，关系代词只有whom （指人），which （指物）和whose （表所有）。此时，尽管这三个关系代词作宾语，但不能省略。注意不能用who或that。
因此，上面两个句子就可以说成：
The man (who/whom/that) you spoke to is my friend.你与之讲话的人是我朋友。
The man to _________ you spoke is my friend.你与之讲话的人是我朋友。
The house (that/which) she used to live in is pulled down.她过去居住的房子被拆了。
The house in ________ she used to live is pulled down.她过去居住的房子被拆了。
whom
which
1.在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，介词的选择是关键。其依据是：
（1）根据定语从句中的谓语动词与介词的搭配而定。
This is the teacher ________________ I borrowed the book.
In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ________________ she could turn for help.
（2）根据定语从句中的形容词与介词的搭配而定。
Don’t bring children to see the animals ________________ they are afraid.
（3）根据定语从句修饰的先行词与介词的搭配而定。
I'll never forget the time _______________ I spent my childhood in the country.
I’ll never forget the day ________________ she said goodbye to me.
to whom
from whom
of which
during which
on which
borrow sth from sb
turn to sb for help
be afraid of
during the time
on the day
2.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句有时演变成下列几种情形：
（1）“the+ 名词+of+关系代词”引导的定语从句
用于此结构的关系代词只有which。该结构表示所有关系, 口语中常用“whose + 名词”代替。非正式文体中可以用“of which the +名词”。在此结构中，名词前一定要加定冠词the。
He lives in the house __________________________________________face south.他住在窗户朝南开的房子里。
He’s written a book ______________________________________ I’ve forgotten. 他写了一本书，书名我给忘了。
/whose window
/of which the window
the name of which
/of which the name
/whose name
the window of which
（2）“表示部分的词语＋of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
该结构表示整体与部分的关系。其中，关系代词可以是whom（指人）, 也可以是which（指物）。表示部分的词语常见的有：some, many, most等，数词；the +最高级/比较级。
In the basket there are quite many apples, _______________________ have gone bad.篮子里有好些苹果，其中有些已经坏了。
There are forty students in our class in all, ______________________ are from big cities.我们班总共有40个学生，大多数来自大城市。
some of which
most of whom
（3）“不定代词（all, both, none, neither）+of+关系代词”引导的定语从句
该结构表示同位关系，即不定代词与关系代词之间为同位关系。其中，关系代词可以是whom（指人）, 也可以是which（指物）。例如：
The old couple has two sons, ________________ work as teachers.这老两口有两个儿子，他们都是教师。
He wrote many books, ________________ are popular with young people.他写了许多书，其中没有一本深受年轻人喜欢。
both of whom
none of which
【练习三】
1.In the dark street there wasn't a single person_________ she could turn for help.
2.American women usually regard their best friend as someone ___________ they can talk frequently.
3.The gentleman __________ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
4. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, the price of __________ was very reasonable.
of which
to whom
with whom
about whom
5.There are two buildings, the larger of _____________ stands nearly a hundred feet high.
6.He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of ___________ hadn't been cleaned for at least a year.
7. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, neither of ________ wanted to buy it.
which
whom
which
四、非限制性定语从句
非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。若将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号隔开。例如：
He bought me a book, which was very useful. 他给我买了一本书，非常有用。
Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.足球，一项非常有趣的运动，在全世界流行。
A.引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有：
who指人，在非限制性定语从句中作主语。whom指人，在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，此时不能省略。偶尔可以用who替代。whose既可以指人，也可以指物，在非限制性定语从句中作定语。which引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词可以是主句中某个名词或代词，也可以是整个主句，同时在非限制性定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。as引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词只能是整个主句，在非限定性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语。
Yesterday I met Li Ping, ________seemed to be very busy. 昨天我遇到了李萍，她看起来很忙。
He failed in the exam, ________ was unexpected.他考试没及格，这是意料之外的。
The woman, ________ son studies abroad, is our maths teacher.那个妇女是我们的数学老师，她儿子在国外学习。
He came back home late, ________ we expected.正如我们所料，他回家晚了。
【注】关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不能省略。关系代词that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
who
which
whose
as
1.His father, ________ works in Guangdong, telephoned last night.
2.This is Jack, ________________ you haven’t met before.
3.The boy, __________ father is an engineer, studies very hard.
4.The room, ___________door is open, is mine.
5.York, __________ I visited last year, is a nice old city.
6.He left without a word, _____________ made his parents worried.
whom
who
whose
whose
which
which
【区别】as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
1.关系代词as与which引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词都可以是整个主句，指代主句的整个意思。这种情况下，两者有时可互换。例如：
I live a long way from work, as [which] you know. 我住得离工作单位很远，这你是知道的。
但是，当先行词不是整个主句，而是主句中某个具体的词时，则用which引导非限制性定语从句。例如：
He sent me a beautiful present, which I valued very much. 他给寄来了一件精美的礼物，我对它非常珍视。
I once lived in Guangzhou, which is the largest city in south China. 我曾住在广州，那是中国南方最大的城市。
2. as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前、之中或之后，意为“正如…；正像…”；which引导的非限制性定语从句不能放在主句之前，意为“这一点”。例如：
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 月球每月绕地球转一周，这是每个人都清楚的。
John, as you know, is a famous writer.你知道，约翰是位著名的作家。
He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe.他曾多次去过巴黎，我不相信这一点。
3.当非限制性定语从句的谓语是一个复合结构时，常用which引导。
Tom always tells a lie, which his parents find strange.汤姆总撒谎，他的父母对此觉得很奇怪。
He changed his mind again, which made us all angry. 他又改变了主意，这使我们大家都生气了。4.当 4.as在从句中作主语时，后面的谓语动词常常使用被动语态，如果从句中是主动语态，一般多使用which。例如：
She was late again, as was expected.正如预料的那样，她又迟到了。
She tore up my photos, which upset me.她撕碎了我的照片，这使我很不安。
5. as多用于固定搭配中：
as we expect 正如我们预料的那样；
as we all know 众所周知；
as is known to all众所周知；
as we can see 正如我们看到的那样；
as can be seen 看得出来；
as is often the case这是常有的事
B.引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词有：when和where，在定语从句中作状语。关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。例如：
He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.他将把郊游推迟到5月1号，那时他将有空。
They went to London, where they lived for six months.他们去了伦敦，在那儿呆了六个月的时间。
【练习四】
1. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _______ urgently（急迫地） needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.
2. Many children, ______ parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village.
3.You can find whatever you need at the shopping center, _________ is always busy at the weekend.
whose
who
which
4. Carol said the work would be done by October, _______ personally I doubt very much.
5._______ has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month.
6. I walked in our garden, ______ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.
7._______is known to all, Mark Twain is a great American writer.
8.He forgot to bring his pen with him, ______________was often the case.
As
which
where
As
as