2023届高考英语二轮复习定语从句讲解课件(59张）
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| 名称 | 2023届高考英语二轮复习定语从句讲解课件(59张） |  | |
| 格式 | ppt | ||
| 文件大小 | 1.5MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-11-11 23:23:14 | ||
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(共56张PPT)
1. a red apple a beautiful girl
形容词作定语
2. my friend
his pen
代词作定语
3. a girl in red
a man with glasses
介词短语作定语
4. apple tree
shoe shop
名词作定语
什么是定语？
定语就是用来修饰名词或者代词的成分
一、概念: 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.
(在句子中作定语)
(Attributive clause)
Harry Porter is a smart boy.
Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.
形容词作定语
句子作定语,修饰boy, 叫做定语从句
Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.
先行词
关系词
定语从句
关系代词
关系副词
which, who, whom, whose, that，as
where, when，why
先行词是定语从句的引导词前面的被定语从句所修饰的名词、代词。
关系代词如何引导定语从句
普通代词与关系代词的区别
Harry Porter is a boy. He has magic power.
1.代替先行词; 2.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分; 3. 同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。（把主句和从句连起来）
普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例he)
代替 a boy
Harry Porter is a boy who/ that has magic power
关系代词： （如上例who/that）
二、用法:
These are the trees which / that were planted last year.
先
行
词
是
人
关系代词:
who
whom
whose
that
which
先行词是物
These are the students who / that won the first place last year.
引导定语从句的关系代词
1. who, whom, whose, that 用法区别
.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）
The man( who) I talked with is our teacher.
A person who steals things is called a thief.
.whom指人,作宾语
(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)
The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.
③ that 可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.
The woman (whom / that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.
可省略
The man who / that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.
④ whose 作定语从句的定语
(whose既可以指人，也可以指物).
I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.
I have a book whose cover is yellow.
2. which, that 的用法
which 作定语从句的主语或宾语.
I like the book which / that you bought yesterday.
This is a truck which / that is made in China.
作主语
作宾语
可省略
3. 只能用that的情况
① 序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时
Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known.
This is the first play that I have seen since I came here.
③ everything, something, nothing, all,
anything, little, much等不定代词作先行词时
Everything that /which we saw in this film was true.
②先行词被every, some, no, all, any, little, much等修饰时。
I’ve read all the books (that/which )you lend me.
④ 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。
This is the very book that belongs to him.
⑤ 主句已有who或which时
Who is the girl that is standing under the tree
Which is the machine that we used last Sunday？
⑥ 当先行词同时指人和物时
I’ve never heard of the people and things that you talked about just now.
Fill in the blanks with which or that.
1.The quake hit Wenchuan,_____ used to be a beautiful village .
2.He came late again, _______ made me angry.
3.This is the room in _____Chairman once lived.
4.Let me show you the book that I borrowed from the library ______ was newly open to us.
which
which
which
which
只用which ,不用that的情况
1）非限制性定语从句中指物
2）关系词前有介词
3）指代前面整个句子
4）一个句子中含有两个定从，已使用一个
关系代词that,另一个则用which
4.关系代词前有介词时 (介词提前) .指人只用whom, 指物只用which
This is the boy with whom he talked.
This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars.
主语 宾语 定语
指人 who
that whom（优先）
who
that whose
（of whom）
指物 Which
that Which
that Whose
(of which)
指人和物 that that whose
（一）引导定语从句的关系代词
1.The eggs _________ were in the basket were not fresh.
2.The friend_________ came to supper last night wasn’t hungry.
3.He saw a house ________ windows were all broken.
4.He is the man ___________________you have been waiting for.
which/that
whose
Fill in the blanks with who, whom, whose, which and that.
who/that /whom/
小结：
主语
宾语
定语
who\that\which
whom\who\that\which
whose
who/that
1、Do you know the man ___ is talking with your father
A. whose B. who C. which
2、The boys ___ the teacher talked to are from Class One.
A. when B. which C. who
3、Those ___ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.
A. who B. which C. whom
4. The gentleman ___ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
A. who B. about whom C. whom
5. The doctor ___ you are looking for is in the room.
A. whom B. what C. which
6. The teacher for ____ you are waiting has come.
A. who B. whom C. that
介词提前时只能用 whom
7. A child ___ parents are dead is called an orphan.
A. which B. his C. whose
8. This book is for the students ___ native(本国的) language is not English.
A. that B. of whom C. whose
9. The boy ___ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group.
A. who B. whose C. that
由Whose 引导的定语从句, 在句中做定语
10、He prefers to eat the rice ___ in the south.
A. who is grown B. which is grown
C. when is grown
11、 The knife ___ I cut the apple with can’t be found.
A. which B. who C. what
12、The room in ___ there are many books is mine.
A. that B. who C. which
13、This is the pen ____ he bought yesterday.
A. which B. who C. when
由Which 引导的定语从句，在句中做主语\ 宾语
介词提前时只能用 which
that
14. All _____ is needed is a supply of oil.
A. which B. that C. what
15. Finally, the thief handed everything ____ he had stolen to the police.
A. which B. what C. that
先行词是不定代词 all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything只能用that引导
16. It’s the most boring film ___ I have ever seen.
A. which B. that C. whose
17. This is the first car ___ arrived this morning.
A. which B. who C. that
先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时只能用that引导
18. I know all people ___ are from that village.
A. who B. that C. whose
19. There is no water ___ is needed badly.
A. which B. who C. that
20. Please take any seat ___ is free.
A. which B. that C. in which
先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等修饰时只能用that引导
21. That is the very book ___ I was looking for.
A. who B. that C. which
22. After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing ___ he owns.
A. who B. that C. which
先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 等修饰时只能用that引导
23. The speaker spoke of some writers and some books ___ were popular then.
A. who B. that C. which
先行词被既有人又有物时只能用that引导
24. Who is the worker ___ took some pictures of the factory
A. who B. that C. which
主句已有who或which时,只能用that 引导
1. I have a friend ________ likes listening to classical music.
who/that
which/that
whose
3. The man ______ leg broke in a
match used to be a football player.
2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the
new dress __________ I gave her.
4. My parents live in a house__________
is more than 100 years old.
5. The boy with _______ John spoke is
my brother.
which/that
whom
6. Kevin is reading a book __________
is too difficult for him.
which/that
7. Is there anything ________ you want
to buy in the town
8.All ______ we can do is to study hard.
9. The first one _____ stands up is a
little boy.
that
that
that
1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.
This is the doctor who saved the boy’s life.
2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.
The man who is running is my uncle.
3. 我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐.
I like the music that I can sing along with.
4. 住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.
The woman who lives next door is a teacher.
Homework:
Revise the attributive clause.
2.Write 10 sentences with the attributive clause.
*
关系副词 先行词 在从句中的成分
when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why reason 原因状语
when, where, why
（二）引导定语从句的关系副词
1. This is the place where I was born.
2. I remember the day when I first met him.
3. Can you tell me the reason why you lied to me
关系副词
When=on(in,during…)which
where=on(in,in front of…)which
Why=for which
（三）关系副词与介词+关系代词的替代
1.The hotel wasn’t clean.
+ We stayed at the hotel.
The hotel where we stayed wasn’t clean.
where可用in/on/at/to + which代替
The hotel (which) we stayed at wasn’t clean
The hotel at which we stayed wasn’t clean.
*
when可用in/on/at/during +which 代替
1.I still remember the day.
2.I first met him on the day.
on which
I still remember the day when
I first met him.
*
why
why可用for +which 代替
1.This is the reason.
2.I was late for school for this reason.
why
which.
This is the reason for which I was
late for school.
*
关系代词和关系副词的区别
关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语
关系副词在定语从句中作状语
如何选用定语从句的关系词
1.首先分清主句和定语从句
2.确定定语从句的先行词
3.把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语或状语）
4.若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词，若在从句中做状语，则选择关系副词。
1.The polar bear is the Arctic Circle and
some big land masses as far south as
Newfoundland.While they are rare of
88°，there is evidence ______
they ranage all the way across the Arctic.
（2019全国I，61题）
that
2.Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, she opened with her late husband Les.
（2019全国Ⅱ，62题）
which
3.They were all trained by their masters had great experience for these animals.
（2019全国Ⅲ,64）
who
4.Two of the authers of the review also made a study published in 2014 _______ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early death from all 67 cause
（cause）.
（2018全国Ⅰ，66题）
that/which
5.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005——when the government 68 （started）（start）a soil-testing program gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
（2018全国Ⅱ，69题）
that/which
6.Like anything,it is possible to have too much of both, is not good for the health.
（2017全国Ⅰ，70题）
which
7.But Sarah, has taken part in shows along with top modelswants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
（2017全国Ⅲ，64题）
who
8.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, lived from roughly 551 to 479 B. C., influenced the 48 development of chopsticks.
（2016全国Ⅲ，47题）
who
9.I'd skipped nearby Guilin ,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65 paintings (painting) （2015全国Ⅰ，64题）
that/which
10.She and her family bicycle to work,_______ helps them keep fit.
A.which B.who C. as D.that
（2018北京，5题）
1. a red apple a beautiful girl
形容词作定语
2. my friend
his pen
代词作定语
3. a girl in red
a man with glasses
介词短语作定语
4. apple tree
shoe shop
名词作定语
什么是定语？
定语就是用来修饰名词或者代词的成分
一、概念: 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.
(在句子中作定语)
(Attributive clause)
Harry Porter is a smart boy.
Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.
形容词作定语
句子作定语,修饰boy, 叫做定语从句
Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.
先行词
关系词
定语从句
关系代词
关系副词
which, who, whom, whose, that，as
where, when，why
先行词是定语从句的引导词前面的被定语从句所修饰的名词、代词。
关系代词如何引导定语从句
普通代词与关系代词的区别
Harry Porter is a boy. He has magic power.
1.代替先行词; 2.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分; 3. 同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。（把主句和从句连起来）
普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例he)
代替 a boy
Harry Porter is a boy who/ that has magic power
关系代词： （如上例who/that）
二、用法:
These are the trees which / that were planted last year.
先
行
词
是
人
关系代词:
who
whom
whose
that
which
先行词是物
These are the students who / that won the first place last year.
引导定语从句的关系代词
1. who, whom, whose, that 用法区别
.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）
The man( who) I talked with is our teacher.
A person who steals things is called a thief.
.whom指人,作宾语
(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)
The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.
③ that 可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.
The woman (whom / that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.
可省略
The man who / that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.
④ whose 作定语从句的定语
(whose既可以指人，也可以指物).
I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.
I have a book whose cover is yellow.
2. which, that 的用法
which 作定语从句的主语或宾语.
I like the book which / that you bought yesterday.
This is a truck which / that is made in China.
作主语
作宾语
可省略
3. 只能用that的情况
① 序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时
Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known.
This is the first play that I have seen since I came here.
③ everything, something, nothing, all,
anything, little, much等不定代词作先行词时
Everything that /which we saw in this film was true.
②先行词被every, some, no, all, any, little, much等修饰时。
I’ve read all the books (that/which )you lend me.
④ 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。
This is the very book that belongs to him.
⑤ 主句已有who或which时
Who is the girl that is standing under the tree
Which is the machine that we used last Sunday？
⑥ 当先行词同时指人和物时
I’ve never heard of the people and things that you talked about just now.
Fill in the blanks with which or that.
1.The quake hit Wenchuan,_____ used to be a beautiful village .
2.He came late again, _______ made me angry.
3.This is the room in _____Chairman once lived.
4.Let me show you the book that I borrowed from the library ______ was newly open to us.
which
which
which
which
只用which ,不用that的情况
1）非限制性定语从句中指物
2）关系词前有介词
3）指代前面整个句子
4）一个句子中含有两个定从，已使用一个
关系代词that,另一个则用which
4.关系代词前有介词时 (介词提前) .指人只用whom, 指物只用which
This is the boy with whom he talked.
This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars.
主语 宾语 定语
指人 who
that whom（优先）
who
that whose
（of whom）
指物 Which
that Which
that Whose
(of which)
指人和物 that that whose
（一）引导定语从句的关系代词
1.The eggs _________ were in the basket were not fresh.
2.The friend_________ came to supper last night wasn’t hungry.
3.He saw a house ________ windows were all broken.
4.He is the man ___________________you have been waiting for.
which/that
whose
Fill in the blanks with who, whom, whose, which and that.
who/that /whom/
小结：
主语
宾语
定语
who\that\which
whom\who\that\which
whose
who/that
1、Do you know the man ___ is talking with your father
A. whose B. who C. which
2、The boys ___ the teacher talked to are from Class One.
A. when B. which C. who
3、Those ___ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.
A. who B. which C. whom
4. The gentleman ___ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
A. who B. about whom C. whom
5. The doctor ___ you are looking for is in the room.
A. whom B. what C. which
6. The teacher for ____ you are waiting has come.
A. who B. whom C. that
介词提前时只能用 whom
7. A child ___ parents are dead is called an orphan.
A. which B. his C. whose
8. This book is for the students ___ native(本国的) language is not English.
A. that B. of whom C. whose
9. The boy ___ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group.
A. who B. whose C. that
由Whose 引导的定语从句, 在句中做定语
10、He prefers to eat the rice ___ in the south.
A. who is grown B. which is grown
C. when is grown
11、 The knife ___ I cut the apple with can’t be found.
A. which B. who C. what
12、The room in ___ there are many books is mine.
A. that B. who C. which
13、This is the pen ____ he bought yesterday.
A. which B. who C. when
由Which 引导的定语从句，在句中做主语\ 宾语
介词提前时只能用 which
that
14. All _____ is needed is a supply of oil.
A. which B. that C. what
15. Finally, the thief handed everything ____ he had stolen to the police.
A. which B. what C. that
先行词是不定代词 all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything只能用that引导
16. It’s the most boring film ___ I have ever seen.
A. which B. that C. whose
17. This is the first car ___ arrived this morning.
A. which B. who C. that
先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时只能用that引导
18. I know all people ___ are from that village.
A. who B. that C. whose
19. There is no water ___ is needed badly.
A. which B. who C. that
20. Please take any seat ___ is free.
A. which B. that C. in which
先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等修饰时只能用that引导
21. That is the very book ___ I was looking for.
A. who B. that C. which
22. After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing ___ he owns.
A. who B. that C. which
先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 等修饰时只能用that引导
23. The speaker spoke of some writers and some books ___ were popular then.
A. who B. that C. which
先行词被既有人又有物时只能用that引导
24. Who is the worker ___ took some pictures of the factory
A. who B. that C. which
主句已有who或which时,只能用that 引导
1. I have a friend ________ likes listening to classical music.
who/that
which/that
whose
3. The man ______ leg broke in a
match used to be a football player.
2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the
new dress __________ I gave her.
4. My parents live in a house__________
is more than 100 years old.
5. The boy with _______ John spoke is
my brother.
which/that
whom
6. Kevin is reading a book __________
is too difficult for him.
which/that
7. Is there anything ________ you want
to buy in the town
8.All ______ we can do is to study hard.
9. The first one _____ stands up is a
little boy.
that
that
that
1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.
This is the doctor who saved the boy’s life.
2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.
The man who is running is my uncle.
3. 我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐.
I like the music that I can sing along with.
4. 住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.
The woman who lives next door is a teacher.
Homework:
Revise the attributive clause.
2.Write 10 sentences with the attributive clause.
*
关系副词 先行词 在从句中的成分
when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why reason 原因状语
when, where, why
（二）引导定语从句的关系副词
1. This is the place where I was born.
2. I remember the day when I first met him.
3. Can you tell me the reason why you lied to me
关系副词
When=on(in,during…)which
where=on(in,in front of…)which
Why=for which
（三）关系副词与介词+关系代词的替代
1.The hotel wasn’t clean.
+ We stayed at the hotel.
The hotel where we stayed wasn’t clean.
where可用in/on/at/to + which代替
The hotel (which) we stayed at wasn’t clean
The hotel at which we stayed wasn’t clean.
*
when可用in/on/at/during +which 代替
1.I still remember the day.
2.I first met him on the day.
on which
I still remember the day when
I first met him.
*
why
why可用for +which 代替
1.This is the reason.
2.I was late for school for this reason.
why
which.
This is the reason for which I was
late for school.
*
关系代词和关系副词的区别
关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语
关系副词在定语从句中作状语
如何选用定语从句的关系词
1.首先分清主句和定语从句
2.确定定语从句的先行词
3.把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语或状语）
4.若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词，若在从句中做状语，则选择关系副词。
1.The polar bear is the Arctic Circle and
some big land masses as far south as
Newfoundland.While they are rare of
88°，there is evidence ______
they ranage all the way across the Arctic.
（2019全国I，61题）
that
2.Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, she opened with her late husband Les.
（2019全国Ⅱ，62题）
which
3.They were all trained by their masters had great experience for these animals.
（2019全国Ⅲ,64）
who
4.Two of the authers of the review also made a study published in 2014 _______ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early death from all 67 cause
（cause）.
（2018全国Ⅰ，66题）
that/which
5.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005——when the government 68 （started）（start）a soil-testing program gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
（2018全国Ⅱ，69题）
that/which
6.Like anything,it is possible to have too much of both, is not good for the health.
（2017全国Ⅰ，70题）
which
7.But Sarah, has taken part in shows along with top modelswants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
（2017全国Ⅲ，64题）
who
8.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, lived from roughly 551 to 479 B. C., influenced the 48 development of chopsticks.
（2016全国Ⅲ，47题）
who
9.I'd skipped nearby Guilin ,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65 paintings (painting) （2015全国Ⅰ，64题）
that/which
10.She and her family bicycle to work,_______ helps them keep fit.
A.which B.who C. as D.that
（2018北京，5题）