初中英语语法讲解：不定式和双宾语课件

课件19张PPT。 一 动词不定式
动词不定式也叫非谓语动词，可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、状语。不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式：基本构成：to + v.
否定形式：not + to + v.
被动形式：to + be done
疑问动词不定式：疑问词+ to +v.
复合动词不定式：of/ for sb .to +v.
动词不定式的作用：
1.作主语： To learn English well is important.
=It is important to learn English well .
2. 作表语：My job is to teach English.
Our duty is to study. My hobby is to read books.3.作宾语：I decided to help him with his study.
用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：want, hope, wish, expect, like,
dislike, love, hate, ask, learn , fail, plan, refuse, offer, afford, agree, happen, decide, promise, help, pretend, need, try, begin, start, forget, remember, continue + to +do.
4.作宾语补足语（宾补）：I want you to help me.
用不定式作宾补的动词有：want, wish, expect, like, love, ask, tell, order, invite, teach, get, allow, advise, +encourage, warn,
+sb. +to do.
作宾补省略”to” 的动词有：
一感：feel.
二听：listen to, hear, + sb+ do sth.
三让：let, make, have.四看：look at, see, watch, notice, (observe观察）sb. do sth.
五半帮助：help sb. (to) do sth.
理解不定式作宾补和 现在分词做宾补的区别
过去分词做宾补的区别
5.作目的状语：I come to see you.
I will go to the library to borrow books.
6.作定语：I have much work to do.
7.有些形容词跟不定式：glad, happy, sorry, sad, afraid, pleased, surprised +to +do sth.
注意事项：1*两个不定式并列，第二个不定式的to可省略。
2*省略to的不定式变被动语态须加上to.
3*为避免重复，不定式动词原形可省略，但to不能省。
Would you like to come to my house? Yes, I’d love to.
4*It is adj. of/ for sb. to do sth.用of还是用for由 adj.决定。
adj.如果是描述人的性格品质的用of. kind, brave, honest,
friendly, lazy, wise, clever, polite, careful, foolish.
adj.如果是描述做什么事情的用for. easy, hard,
important, necessary等。
有些 形容词可以用of也可用for.如：right, wrong.
Do EXX.
1. It is very kind ____ you to help me.
2. It is important ____us to learn English well.
3. You are kind ____ me.offorto4.He is friendly ______ us.
5.It is easy _____ me to carry the heavy bag.
6.It is shy _____her to speak in front of class.toforof2. 双宾语有些动词可以接两个宾语，即指人的间
接宾语和指物的直接宾语，这两个宾语
称为“双宾语”。结构为“及物动词+间宾
+直宾”。有时还可用“及物动词+直宾
+to/for+间宾” 结构来表达。
I passed him a bottle of apple juice.=
I passed a bottle of apple juice to him.
我递给他一瓶苹果汁。后接介词to 的动词有：give, show, pass,
lend, take, tell 等；后接介词for的动词
有：buy, make, cook, get, sing, read等。
一般来讲，for表示“为某人”，而to表示
“给某人”，即表示某人接受或收到了某
物。如：give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.
bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb.
lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb.
offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sth.hand sb. sth. = hand sth. to sb.
send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb.
show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.
leave sb. sth. = leave sth. to sb.
teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb.
buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb.
cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb.
read sb. sth. = read sth. for sb.
make sb. sth.=make sth. for sb.课堂小测验I. 句型转换。1. The story took place in the winter.
(就划线部分提问）
_____ _____ the story ____ place?
2. The audience clapped for ten
minutes.(就划线部分提问）
____ _____ ____ the audience ____?
3. He thinks his parents will agree.
(改为否定句）
He ______ think his parents ____ agree.When did takeHow longdid clap doesn’t will 4. He needs to go home now.
(改为一般疑问句）
_____ he ______ to go home now?
5. We’ll come back in a few weeks.
(就划线部分提问）
_____ _____ ____ you come back?Does need How soon will It is important for modern young people
_______ (learn) at least two foreign
languages.
2. The most important thing for one’s
health is ______ (have) plenty of exercise.
3. Ted decided _______ (work) hard and
wanted _____ (go) to Beijing University.
4. We found it impossible _____ (get)
everything ready in time.
5. Sue really doesn’t know which book
________ (choose).III. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。to learnto haveto workto getto chooseto go6. Mother saved every cent ______ (pay)
for my schooling.
7. Tom asked you _________ (not call) him
until ten o’clock.
8. I don’t think Roger is the best one _____
(do) the work.
9. Why not _____ (walk) to school with me
every day?
10. My host family made me _____ (feel)
being at home.to paynot to callto do walkfeel1. Sally will lend Allan a magazine to read.
Sally will lend a magazine __ _____ to
read.
2. Jackie returned the bike to me yesterday.
Jackie returned __ ___ ____ yesterday.
3. Get me a chair, will you?
Get a chair ___ ___, will you?
4. Henry’s pen friend sent him an email.
Henry’s pen friend sent an email __ ___.
5. Please sing us a folk song.
Please sing a folk song ___ __. IV. 同义句转换。to Allanme the bikefor meto himfor us Kent was angry because we didn’t
_____ with (同意) him.
2. Wendy ______ __ (提议) help Linda
with her maths yesterday.
3. Teachers often ___ their students
__（把……看作）their own children.
4. Lily ____ _______ __ (向……告别) her
parents, and then she went to school.VI. 根据所给汉语提示完成句子。agreeoffered to see
assaid goodbye to5. The story ____ ____ (发生) in America
several years ago.
6. After many months of hard work, Paul
won the first prize __ ___ ___ (最后).
7. During the Beijing Olympic Games,
Chinese ____ _ _____ _______ __
(热烈欢迎) people from all over the
world.
8. Can you tell me ___ ___ ____ (最精彩
的部分) of the story?took placein the endgave a warm welcome tothe best partThank you!