人教版(2019)必修第一册 Unit 5 Languages Around the World 单元知识总结与测评学案(有答案）
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Unit 5 Languages Around the World 单元知识总结与测评
关系副词的用法
一．关系副词的基本用法
关系副词 在从句中的作用 例句
When
(=at/in/
on+which) 时间状语
I shall never forget the day when we moved into our new house.
（先行词the day还原到从句中为: we moved into our new house on the day , 作时间状语，用when 或 on which）
我永远不会忘记我们搬入新房子的那一天。
Where
（=at/ in/on
+which） 地点状语 This is the house where I lived two years ago. （先行词the house还原到从句中为: I lived in the house two years ago, 作地点状语，用where 或in which）这就是我两年前居住的房子。
Why
(=for which ) 原因状语
There are many reasons why people like traveling.
（先行词the reason还原到从句中为: people like traveling for the reasons, 作原因状语，用why 或for which）
人们喜欢旅游有很多原因。
二．关系副词和关系代词的正确使用
先行词在定语从句中充当状语，则用关系副词；主宾表，则用关系代词 I’ll never forget the day when I worked with you on the farm. (先行词the day还原到从句中为: I worked with you on the farm on the day, 作时间状语，用when或on which)
我永远不会忘记我们在农场一起工作的那一天。
He works in the factory where these bikes are made. (先行词the factory还原到从句中为: these bikes are made in the factory, 作地点状语, 用where或in which)
他在制造这些自行车的那个工厂工作。
This is the reason (that/ which )he explained to us. (先行词the reason还原到从句中为: he explained the reason to us, 作explained的宾语，用that/ which)
这就是他对我们解释的理由。
I don’t know the reason why he was so angry.( 先行词the reason还原到从句中为: he was so angry for the reason, 作原因状语， 用why或for which)我不知道他如此生气的原因。
三．关系副词易错点：
1.where指代抽象地点，意为“在…… 中（下）” where既可以指代具体的地点名词，也可指代抽象地点名词，常见的抽象地点名词： situation, condition, scene, stage, position, case, point等。 I have reached a point in my life where I should make decisions of my own.
我已经到了一个在我人生中自己做决定的地步了。
Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.
目前人们更加关心他们所居住的环境。
Life is like a long race where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. 人生像一场长跑比赛, 我们在比赛中和他人竞争以超越自己。
2.when指代抽象时间，意思为“在 ……的时间里” when既可以指代具体的时间名词，也可指代抽象时间名词，常见的有occasion（时机）, time, age, period等。 Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.我有时间和孩子们呆一天的机会很少。
We are living in an age when many things are done on computers. 我们生活在一个许多事情靠计算机来做的时代。
3.why不能引导非限制性定语从句，要用for which。 I have told him the reason, for which I missed the early bus. 我没赶上早班车, 我已经告诉了他原因。
4.way作先行词 ①way充当方式状语，引导词用 that 或in which ，也可省略。（注意how不能引导定语从句。）
②充当主语、宾语，引导词用 that 或which，做主语时不可省略，做宾语时可省略。 This is the way (that/in which) he solved the problem.
(先行词the way还原到定语从句中为：he solved the problem in the way，作方式状语，引导词用 that 或in which，也可省略。)
这就是他解决问题的方法。
This is the way (that/which) he used to solve the problem.
(the way作used的宾语，that/which可省略)
这就是他所使用的解决问题的方法。
This is the way that/which was used to solve the problem.
(the way作was used的主语，that/which不可省略)
这就是被使用的解决问题的方法。
5.”介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
A.若先行词指人，关系代词whom；若先行词指物，关系代词用 which。
It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.那是在1952年，曼德拉是我寻求建议的那位黑人律师。
I’ll never forget the day on which（=when） first met Lucy.我永远不会忘记初次见露西的那一天。
This is the town in which（=where）Shakespeare was born.这就是莎士比亚出生的城镇。
I’d like you to explain the reason for which（=why） you were absent.我想让你解释一下你没来的原因。
B.关系代词前介词的选择。
将先行词还原到定语从句中，即可确定介词。
（1）I can’t remember the age at which he won the prize.我记不起他获奖时的年龄了。(at the age）
（2）The documents for which they were searching have been recovered.他们正在寻找的文件已经找到了。（search for）
（3）The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
这种无色的气体叫作氧气，没有了它我们无法生存。
C.介词可以后移，此时关系代词可以省略（省略时，介词必须后移）
This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book which/that you asked for.这是你要的那本书。
注意 一些与动词搭配的介词可以提到关系代词之前构成“介词＋关系代词”结构，但有些含有介词的动词短语一般不能拆开，如 look for, look after, call on, care for, hear of, take care of等。
我必须要照顾的最小的妹妹非常可爱。
【正】My youngest sister, whom have to look after, is very lovely.
【误】My youngest sister, after whom have to look, is very lovely.
三．使用定语从句时注意的几个方面：
（一）分割式定语从句
定语从句和它所修饰的先行词中间插入谓语、状语或另外的定语等成分或者插入语把引导词与定语从句分割。理解句子时，注意找准先行词。 A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach us English.
教我们英语的一位新老师明天就要到了。
The days are gone when physical strength was what you needed to make a living.
完全靠体力挣钱谋生的时代已经过去了。
I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, where we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. 我和朋友爬到了山顶，在那里我们欣赏了美丽的湖光景色。
The scientist has made another discovery, which , of course, is of great importance. 科学家另有发现，当然，这个发现很重要
（二）易混从句对比
1.Is this factory the one (that )you visited yesterday (the one作表语，that引导定语从句，修饰the one)
Is this the factory (that/ which) you visited yesterday (that/which引导定语从句并作宾语，可省略)
2.The old man has three sons , one of whom is a teacher. (定语从句，用引导词whom)
The old man has three sons, and one of them is a teacher.(并列句，用代词them)
3.The news (that/ which) he told us is true.(定语从句，引导词用that和which都可)
The news that our team won the game is true. (同位语从句，引导词只用that，不用which)
4.The doctor did all (that) he could to save the boy. （有先行词all，that引导定语从句）
The doctor did what he could to save the boy. (没有先行词，what引导宾语从句)
5.As is known to the world, Mark Twain was a famous writer. (as 引导非限制性定语从句)
It is known to the world that Mark Twain was a famous writer. (it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语)
What is known to the world is that Mark Twain was a famous writer. (what引导主语从句)
6.You should leave things at the place where you can find them again easily. (有先行词，where引导定语从句, 也可用at which)
You should leave things where you can find them again easily. (没有先行词，where引导地点状语从句，不可用at which)
7.It was in this place that he was born. (强调句) This is the place where he was born. (定语从句)
It was in the factory where he worked that we met each other together.
(where引导定语从句，that构成强调句)
8.He is such a good teacher /so good a teacher as we all like. (as引导定语从句)
He is such a good teacher /so good a teacher that we all like him. （that引导结果状语从句）
9.This is the first time (that) I have come to Beijing. (time表“次数”，从句引导词用that，也可省略)
There was a time when I didn’t like English. (time表“时间”，定语从句引导词用when)
10.The reason why he didn’t come yesterday is that he was ill. (why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句)
Step2: 巩固提升
用适当的关系副词或关系代词填空
1. I still remember the day______ I first came to Beijing.
2.This is the room ______ my grandparents lived last year.
3.Do you know the reason______ he refused to go to Mary’s birthday party.
4.This is the hospital______ my mother works.
5.That is the reason ______ I did the job.
6. ______ we know, this is the day______ the quake happened thirty-five years ago.
7.He works in a factory______ makes this type of iPhone.
8.This is the hospital ______ we visited the day before yesterday.
9. Finally he reached a lonely island ________ was completely cut off from the outside world.
10.The way _____ our chemistry teacher did the experiment was very interesting.
【答案】：
1. when/ on which 2 where /in which 3. why/for which 4. where /in which
5. why/ for which 6. As ; when/ on which 7. that /which 8. that /which
9. that /which 10. that /in which
关系副词的用法
一．关系副词的基本用法
关系副词 在从句中的作用 例句
When
(=at/in/
on+which) 时间状语
I shall never forget the day when we moved into our new house.
（先行词the day还原到从句中为: we moved into our new house on the day , 作时间状语，用when 或 on which）
我永远不会忘记我们搬入新房子的那一天。
Where
（=at/ in/on
+which） 地点状语 This is the house where I lived two years ago. （先行词the house还原到从句中为: I lived in the house two years ago, 作地点状语，用where 或in which）这就是我两年前居住的房子。
Why
(=for which ) 原因状语
There are many reasons why people like traveling.
（先行词the reason还原到从句中为: people like traveling for the reasons, 作原因状语，用why 或for which）
人们喜欢旅游有很多原因。
二．关系副词和关系代词的正确使用
先行词在定语从句中充当状语，则用关系副词；主宾表，则用关系代词 I’ll never forget the day when I worked with you on the farm. (先行词the day还原到从句中为: I worked with you on the farm on the day, 作时间状语，用when或on which)
我永远不会忘记我们在农场一起工作的那一天。
He works in the factory where these bikes are made. (先行词the factory还原到从句中为: these bikes are made in the factory, 作地点状语, 用where或in which)
他在制造这些自行车的那个工厂工作。
This is the reason (that/ which )he explained to us. (先行词the reason还原到从句中为: he explained the reason to us, 作explained的宾语，用that/ which)
这就是他对我们解释的理由。
I don’t know the reason why he was so angry.( 先行词the reason还原到从句中为: he was so angry for the reason, 作原因状语， 用why或for which)我不知道他如此生气的原因。
三．关系副词易错点：
1.where指代抽象地点，意为“在…… 中（下）” where既可以指代具体的地点名词，也可指代抽象地点名词，常见的抽象地点名词： situation, condition, scene, stage, position, case, point等。 I have reached a point in my life where I should make decisions of my own.
我已经到了一个在我人生中自己做决定的地步了。
Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.
目前人们更加关心他们所居住的环境。
Life is like a long race where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. 人生像一场长跑比赛, 我们在比赛中和他人竞争以超越自己。
2.when指代抽象时间，意思为“在 ……的时间里” when既可以指代具体的时间名词，也可指代抽象时间名词，常见的有occasion（时机）, time, age, period等。 Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.我有时间和孩子们呆一天的机会很少。
We are living in an age when many things are done on computers. 我们生活在一个许多事情靠计算机来做的时代。
3.why不能引导非限制性定语从句，要用for which。 I have told him the reason, for which I missed the early bus. 我没赶上早班车, 我已经告诉了他原因。
4.way作先行词 ①way充当方式状语，引导词用 that 或in which ，也可省略。（注意how不能引导定语从句。）
②充当主语、宾语，引导词用 that 或which，做主语时不可省略，做宾语时可省略。 This is the way (that/in which) he solved the problem.
(先行词the way还原到定语从句中为：he solved the problem in the way，作方式状语，引导词用 that 或in which，也可省略。)
这就是他解决问题的方法。
This is the way (that/which) he used to solve the problem.
(the way作used的宾语，that/which可省略)
这就是他所使用的解决问题的方法。
This is the way that/which was used to solve the problem.
(the way作was used的主语，that/which不可省略)
这就是被使用的解决问题的方法。
5.”介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
A.若先行词指人，关系代词whom；若先行词指物，关系代词用 which。
It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.那是在1952年，曼德拉是我寻求建议的那位黑人律师。
I’ll never forget the day on which（=when） first met Lucy.我永远不会忘记初次见露西的那一天。
This is the town in which（=where）Shakespeare was born.这就是莎士比亚出生的城镇。
I’d like you to explain the reason for which（=why） you were absent.我想让你解释一下你没来的原因。
B.关系代词前介词的选择。
将先行词还原到定语从句中，即可确定介词。
（1）I can’t remember the age at which he won the prize.我记不起他获奖时的年龄了。(at the age）
（2）The documents for which they were searching have been recovered.他们正在寻找的文件已经找到了。（search for）
（3）The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
这种无色的气体叫作氧气，没有了它我们无法生存。
C.介词可以后移，此时关系代词可以省略（省略时，介词必须后移）
This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book which/that you asked for.这是你要的那本书。
注意 一些与动词搭配的介词可以提到关系代词之前构成“介词＋关系代词”结构，但有些含有介词的动词短语一般不能拆开，如 look for, look after, call on, care for, hear of, take care of等。
我必须要照顾的最小的妹妹非常可爱。
【正】My youngest sister, whom have to look after, is very lovely.
【误】My youngest sister, after whom have to look, is very lovely.
三．使用定语从句时注意的几个方面：
（一）分割式定语从句
定语从句和它所修饰的先行词中间插入谓语、状语或另外的定语等成分或者插入语把引导词与定语从句分割。理解句子时，注意找准先行词。 A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach us English.
教我们英语的一位新老师明天就要到了。
The days are gone when physical strength was what you needed to make a living.
完全靠体力挣钱谋生的时代已经过去了。
I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, where we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. 我和朋友爬到了山顶，在那里我们欣赏了美丽的湖光景色。
The scientist has made another discovery, which , of course, is of great importance. 科学家另有发现，当然，这个发现很重要
（二）易混从句对比
1.Is this factory the one (that )you visited yesterday (the one作表语，that引导定语从句，修饰the one)
Is this the factory (that/ which) you visited yesterday (that/which引导定语从句并作宾语，可省略)
2.The old man has three sons , one of whom is a teacher. (定语从句，用引导词whom)
The old man has three sons, and one of them is a teacher.(并列句，用代词them)
3.The news (that/ which) he told us is true.(定语从句，引导词用that和which都可)
The news that our team won the game is true. (同位语从句，引导词只用that，不用which)
4.The doctor did all (that) he could to save the boy. （有先行词all，that引导定语从句）
The doctor did what he could to save the boy. (没有先行词，what引导宾语从句)
5.As is known to the world, Mark Twain was a famous writer. (as 引导非限制性定语从句)
It is known to the world that Mark Twain was a famous writer. (it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语)
What is known to the world is that Mark Twain was a famous writer. (what引导主语从句)
6.You should leave things at the place where you can find them again easily. (有先行词，where引导定语从句, 也可用at which)
You should leave things where you can find them again easily. (没有先行词，where引导地点状语从句，不可用at which)
7.It was in this place that he was born. (强调句) This is the place where he was born. (定语从句)
It was in the factory where he worked that we met each other together.
(where引导定语从句，that构成强调句)
8.He is such a good teacher /so good a teacher as we all like. (as引导定语从句)
He is such a good teacher /so good a teacher that we all like him. （that引导结果状语从句）
9.This is the first time (that) I have come to Beijing. (time表“次数”，从句引导词用that，也可省略)
There was a time when I didn’t like English. (time表“时间”，定语从句引导词用when)
10.The reason why he didn’t come yesterday is that he was ill. (why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句)
Step2: 巩固提升
用适当的关系副词或关系代词填空
1. I still remember the day______ I first came to Beijing.
2.This is the room ______ my grandparents lived last year.
3.Do you know the reason______ he refused to go to Mary’s birthday party.
4.This is the hospital______ my mother works.
5.That is the reason ______ I did the job.
6. ______ we know, this is the day______ the quake happened thirty-five years ago.
7.He works in a factory______ makes this type of iPhone.
8.This is the hospital ______ we visited the day before yesterday.
9. Finally he reached a lonely island ________ was completely cut off from the outside world.
10.The way _____ our chemistry teacher did the experiment was very interesting.
【答案】：
1. when/ on which 2 where /in which 3. why/for which 4. where /in which
5. why/ for which 6. As ; when/ on which 7. that /which 8. that /which
9. that /which 10. that /in which