人教版（2019））必修第一册Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单元语法知识总结与测评（含答案）
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Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单元语法知识总结与测评
定语从句（一）---关系代词的用法
在复合句中, 修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词, 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词有两种: 关系代词who,whom,whose, that,which,as和关系副词when,where, why.
关系代词3个作用：1）连接作用2）替代作用3）在从句中充当成分：作主语/宾语/表语/定语。
如下图所示： 先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句
↓ ↓ ↓
Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.
一．判断定语从句的关系代词的方法：
如果名词或代词后有一个句子，并且该名词或代词在句子中充当成分，则该句子就是定语从句。主要按照以下三步来判断：
1.找准先行词（定语从句前的名词或代词）。
2.把先行词还原到定语从句中，看充当什么成分。
3.根据先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分以及句意来选用适当的引导词。
二．关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 指代 在从句中的成分
that 人/物 主语/宾语/表语
which 物 主语/宾语/表语
who 人 主语/宾语/表语
whom 人 宾语
whose 人/物 定语
三．易混的关系代词辨析：
（一）that 和 which
1.用that，不用which的情况 ①当先行词为不定代词：everything,anything,nothing, all, any, much, many, some, few, little, none等或当先行词被no, some, any, all, much, little等词修饰时，只能用that。 To get the job started, all that I need is your permission.要开始工作，我所需要的是你的许可。
Is there anything that I can do for you 有什么要我做的事吗
He answered few questions that were asked by the reporters.他几乎没有回答记者提问的问题。
②当先行词被the only, the very, the same等词修饰时。 That’s the only thing that we can do now
This is the very pen that I am looking for. 这正是我找的钢笔。
③当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
This was one of the most interesting books that were sold in this book store.这是这家书店售出的最有趣的书之一。
The first thing that should be done is to get some food.该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。
④当先行词中同时包括人和物时。 I’m going to talk about the countries and people that I have visited.我要谈论一下我访问的国家和人民。
⑤当要避免与疑问词which重复时。 Which is the T-shirt that fits me most
那件体恤衫最适合我？
2.用which，不用that的情况 ①在非限制性定语从句中 Football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球，它是有趣的运动。
②介词提前时，不用that，而用which，介词不提前时，用that和which都可。 This is the room in which my father lived last year.
= This is the room (that/ which) my father lived in last year. 这是我父亲去年居住过的房子。
（二）the same…as…和the same…that…
①the same…as…表示“类似的一个，而不是同一个”（相似性）
②the same…that…表示“同一个”（同一性） I have bought the same watch as you have.
我买了一块和你的一样的手表。（相似的，非同一个）
This is the same watch that I lost.
这就是我丢的那块手表。（同一个）
四．关系代词易错点：
1.关系代词的省略 关系代词做宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略，在非限制性定语从句中不省略。 Hangzhou is a beautiful city(that/which)I always want to visit.（在限制性定语从句中作visit的宾语，可以省略）
杭州是我总想参观的一个美丽城市。
Hangzhou ,which I visited last week, is a beautiful city.（在非限制性定语从句中作visited的宾语，不可省略）杭州是一个美丽的城市，我上周去参观过。
2.从句中代词的重复多余 定语从句中的引导词指代先行词,从句中不能再出现指代该先行词的代词。 The book that I read it yesterday is very interesting.（×）
The book that I read yesterday is very interesting.（√）
我昨天读的那本书很有趣。
3.what不引导定语从句 定语从句中有关系代词that和which而没有what ，what 可以引导名词性从句。 All that we need is a supply of oil. (that引导定语从句，修饰先行词all)
What we need is a supply of oil. (what引导主语从句)
我们需要的是石油供应。
4.that不引导非限制性定语从句（用逗号隔开） 在非限制性定语从句，不能用关系代词that。如果指代“人”，用who/ whom，指代“物”，用which。 The basketball star, who tried to make a comeback, attracted lots of attention. 这位打算复出的篮球明星引起了很多关注。
He has become a doctor, which he wanted to be.
他成为了一名医生，这是他以前一直梦想的。
5.whose+n.
= the+n +of which
=of which+the+n.
名词之前必须有the。 I live in the room whose window/the window of which / of which the window faces south.我住在窗子朝南开的房间里。
6. 定语从句中的主谓一致:
关系代词在定语从句中做主语时,从句谓语通常与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。
注意：当先行词为“one of +复数名词” 时定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；当先行词为“the (only/very)one of +复数名词” 时定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 He is a good student who likes to help others.
他是一个乐于助人的好学生。
They are good students who like to help others.
他们是乐于助人的好学生。
He is one of the students who were praised.
他是一个受到表扬的学生之一。
He is the one/ the only one of the students who was praised. 他是唯一一个受到表扬的学生。
7.关系代词前有介词时 (介词提前) .指人只用whom, 指物只用which This is the boy with whom he talked.
This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars.
名言背诵
1.He who would climb the ladder must begin at the bottom. 千里之行,始于足下。
2.He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑到最后,谁笑得最美。
3.Nothing is too difficult to the man who will try. 世上无难事,只要肯登攀。
4.God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助之。
5.Not all that glitters is gold. 闪光的不都是金子。
能力提升（一）用正确的关系代词填空
1.She never gives in to those ________ have money.
2.This is the best film ________ has been shown so far in the city.
3.February is the only month ________ has fewer than 30 days.
4.My son made notes of everything ________ he read.
5.Will you show me the girl ________ name is Wei Fang
6.Please pass me the book _____is lying on the table.
7.My grandparents like stories ________ endings are happy.
8.Yuan Longping is a Chinese rice scientist _____ is leading a search to develop “sea rice”.
9.The teacher _______I like best often encourages me to fight for my dream.
10.Jack likes being with the classmates __________are outgoing and kind.
11.A kind of shared bike _____is called bluegogo is getting more and more popular in Chengdu.
12.Tu Youyou is the woman _______ used the plant’s special power to save millions of lives.
13.His parents wouldn't let him marry anyone _____ family was poor.
14.It is the third time that she has won the race, ____ has surprised us all.
15.Can you remember the scientist and his theory _____ we have learned
16.Until now, we have raised 50, 000 pounds for the poor children, _____ is quite unexpected.
17.Yesterday Mr. Green went to his hometown and visited the old house in ______ he was born.
18.The man, from______ I learned the news, is an engineer.
—Do you like the weekly talk show The Readers on CCTV
—Sure．It’ s a great TV program ______ purpose is to bring the habit of reading back into the public.
19.Children ______ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
20.After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, _____ turned out a wise decision.
能力提升（二）选择题
1.----Qingdao is the most beautiful city ____ I’ve ever been to.
----So it is. Many international meetings are held there every year.
A. that B. which C. what D. whom
2.----Have you watched the play “In the name of People”
----It’s the most popular play ______ ______our Party’s trying to struggle against corruption（腐败）.
A. where; show B. which ;show C. that ;shows D. who ;shows
3.We are talking about the piano and the pianist ______were in the concert last night.
A. that B. which C. who D. whom
4.She often parks her car near the house ______ she can easily get to.
A. where B. who C. which D. what
5. I’d like to tell you about the table manners ________ you should know when you visit France.
A. which B. who C. what D. how
6. —What kind of movies do you prefer
—I prefer the movies ____ ____ me something to think about.
A. which give B. that gives C. that gives D. who gives
7. She is the girl ________ brother is studying abroad .
A. that B. who C. whose D. whom
8. Everyone ______ is a server knows that customers always come first.
A. whom B. what C. who D. which
9. You are talented young adults______ _____ full of hope for the future.
A. who; is B. whom; is C. whom; are D. who; are
10. This is a heartwarming story about a boy_____ saved his mother's life.
A. which B. who C. whose D. whom
11. Many children, parents are working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village．
A. their B. whose C. them D. whom
12. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, ______ is named after his grandfather.
A. which B. where C. what D. that
13. His movie won several awards at the film festival, was beyond his wildest dream.
A. which B. that C. where D. it
14. She is one of the teachers ____ _____ much teaching experience.
A. who; has B. who; have C. whom; has D. whom; have
【答案】
能力提升（一） 1.who 2.that 3.that 4.that 5.whose
6. which/that 7. Whose 8. who/that 9. who/whom/that 10. who/that
11. that/which 12. who/that 13. whose 14.which 15. that
16. which 17. which 18. whom 19. whose 20.whose 21.which
能力提升（二）1-5 ACACA 6-10 ACCDB 11-14 BAAB
定语从句（一）---关系代词的用法
在复合句中, 修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词, 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词有两种: 关系代词who,whom,whose, that,which,as和关系副词when,where, why.
关系代词3个作用：1）连接作用2）替代作用3）在从句中充当成分：作主语/宾语/表语/定语。
如下图所示： 先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句
↓ ↓ ↓
Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.
一．判断定语从句的关系代词的方法：
如果名词或代词后有一个句子，并且该名词或代词在句子中充当成分，则该句子就是定语从句。主要按照以下三步来判断：
1.找准先行词（定语从句前的名词或代词）。
2.把先行词还原到定语从句中，看充当什么成分。
3.根据先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分以及句意来选用适当的引导词。
二．关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 指代 在从句中的成分
that 人/物 主语/宾语/表语
which 物 主语/宾语/表语
who 人 主语/宾语/表语
whom 人 宾语
whose 人/物 定语
三．易混的关系代词辨析：
（一）that 和 which
1.用that，不用which的情况 ①当先行词为不定代词：everything,anything,nothing, all, any, much, many, some, few, little, none等或当先行词被no, some, any, all, much, little等词修饰时，只能用that。 To get the job started, all that I need is your permission.要开始工作，我所需要的是你的许可。
Is there anything that I can do for you 有什么要我做的事吗
He answered few questions that were asked by the reporters.他几乎没有回答记者提问的问题。
②当先行词被the only, the very, the same等词修饰时。 That’s the only thing that we can do now
This is the very pen that I am looking for. 这正是我找的钢笔。
③当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
This was one of the most interesting books that were sold in this book store.这是这家书店售出的最有趣的书之一。
The first thing that should be done is to get some food.该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。
④当先行词中同时包括人和物时。 I’m going to talk about the countries and people that I have visited.我要谈论一下我访问的国家和人民。
⑤当要避免与疑问词which重复时。 Which is the T-shirt that fits me most
那件体恤衫最适合我？
2.用which，不用that的情况 ①在非限制性定语从句中 Football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球，它是有趣的运动。
②介词提前时，不用that，而用which，介词不提前时，用that和which都可。 This is the room in which my father lived last year.
= This is the room (that/ which) my father lived in last year. 这是我父亲去年居住过的房子。
（二）the same…as…和the same…that…
①the same…as…表示“类似的一个，而不是同一个”（相似性）
②the same…that…表示“同一个”（同一性） I have bought the same watch as you have.
我买了一块和你的一样的手表。（相似的，非同一个）
This is the same watch that I lost.
这就是我丢的那块手表。（同一个）
四．关系代词易错点：
1.关系代词的省略 关系代词做宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略，在非限制性定语从句中不省略。 Hangzhou is a beautiful city(that/which)I always want to visit.（在限制性定语从句中作visit的宾语，可以省略）
杭州是我总想参观的一个美丽城市。
Hangzhou ,which I visited last week, is a beautiful city.（在非限制性定语从句中作visited的宾语，不可省略）杭州是一个美丽的城市，我上周去参观过。
2.从句中代词的重复多余 定语从句中的引导词指代先行词,从句中不能再出现指代该先行词的代词。 The book that I read it yesterday is very interesting.（×）
The book that I read yesterday is very interesting.（√）
我昨天读的那本书很有趣。
3.what不引导定语从句 定语从句中有关系代词that和which而没有what ，what 可以引导名词性从句。 All that we need is a supply of oil. (that引导定语从句，修饰先行词all)
What we need is a supply of oil. (what引导主语从句)
我们需要的是石油供应。
4.that不引导非限制性定语从句（用逗号隔开） 在非限制性定语从句，不能用关系代词that。如果指代“人”，用who/ whom，指代“物”，用which。 The basketball star, who tried to make a comeback, attracted lots of attention. 这位打算复出的篮球明星引起了很多关注。
He has become a doctor, which he wanted to be.
他成为了一名医生，这是他以前一直梦想的。
5.whose+n.
= the+n +of which
=of which+the+n.
名词之前必须有the。 I live in the room whose window/the window of which / of which the window faces south.我住在窗子朝南开的房间里。
6. 定语从句中的主谓一致:
关系代词在定语从句中做主语时,从句谓语通常与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。
注意：当先行词为“one of +复数名词” 时定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；当先行词为“the (only/very)one of +复数名词” 时定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 He is a good student who likes to help others.
他是一个乐于助人的好学生。
They are good students who like to help others.
他们是乐于助人的好学生。
He is one of the students who were praised.
他是一个受到表扬的学生之一。
He is the one/ the only one of the students who was praised. 他是唯一一个受到表扬的学生。
7.关系代词前有介词时 (介词提前) .指人只用whom, 指物只用which This is the boy with whom he talked.
This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars.
名言背诵
1.He who would climb the ladder must begin at the bottom. 千里之行,始于足下。
2.He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑到最后,谁笑得最美。
3.Nothing is too difficult to the man who will try. 世上无难事,只要肯登攀。
4.God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助之。
5.Not all that glitters is gold. 闪光的不都是金子。
能力提升（一）用正确的关系代词填空
1.She never gives in to those ________ have money.
2.This is the best film ________ has been shown so far in the city.
3.February is the only month ________ has fewer than 30 days.
4.My son made notes of everything ________ he read.
5.Will you show me the girl ________ name is Wei Fang
6.Please pass me the book _____is lying on the table.
7.My grandparents like stories ________ endings are happy.
8.Yuan Longping is a Chinese rice scientist _____ is leading a search to develop “sea rice”.
9.The teacher _______I like best often encourages me to fight for my dream.
10.Jack likes being with the classmates __________are outgoing and kind.
11.A kind of shared bike _____is called bluegogo is getting more and more popular in Chengdu.
12.Tu Youyou is the woman _______ used the plant’s special power to save millions of lives.
13.His parents wouldn't let him marry anyone _____ family was poor.
14.It is the third time that she has won the race, ____ has surprised us all.
15.Can you remember the scientist and his theory _____ we have learned
16.Until now, we have raised 50, 000 pounds for the poor children, _____ is quite unexpected.
17.Yesterday Mr. Green went to his hometown and visited the old house in ______ he was born.
18.The man, from______ I learned the news, is an engineer.
—Do you like the weekly talk show The Readers on CCTV
—Sure．It’ s a great TV program ______ purpose is to bring the habit of reading back into the public.
19.Children ______ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
20.After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, _____ turned out a wise decision.
能力提升（二）选择题
1.----Qingdao is the most beautiful city ____ I’ve ever been to.
----So it is. Many international meetings are held there every year.
A. that B. which C. what D. whom
2.----Have you watched the play “In the name of People”
----It’s the most popular play ______ ______our Party’s trying to struggle against corruption（腐败）.
A. where; show B. which ;show C. that ;shows D. who ;shows
3.We are talking about the piano and the pianist ______were in the concert last night.
A. that B. which C. who D. whom
4.She often parks her car near the house ______ she can easily get to.
A. where B. who C. which D. what
5. I’d like to tell you about the table manners ________ you should know when you visit France.
A. which B. who C. what D. how
6. —What kind of movies do you prefer
—I prefer the movies ____ ____ me something to think about.
A. which give B. that gives C. that gives D. who gives
7. She is the girl ________ brother is studying abroad .
A. that B. who C. whose D. whom
8. Everyone ______ is a server knows that customers always come first.
A. whom B. what C. who D. which
9. You are talented young adults______ _____ full of hope for the future.
A. who; is B. whom; is C. whom; are D. who; are
10. This is a heartwarming story about a boy_____ saved his mother's life.
A. which B. who C. whose D. whom
11. Many children, parents are working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village．
A. their B. whose C. them D. whom
12. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, ______ is named after his grandfather.
A. which B. where C. what D. that
13. His movie won several awards at the film festival, was beyond his wildest dream.
A. which B. that C. where D. it
14. She is one of the teachers ____ _____ much teaching experience.
A. who; has B. who; have C. whom; has D. whom; have
【答案】
能力提升（一） 1.who 2.that 3.that 4.that 5.whose
6. which/that 7. Whose 8. who/that 9. who/whom/that 10. who/that
11. that/which 12. who/that 13. whose 14.which 15. that
16. which 17. which 18. whom 19. whose 20.whose 21.which
能力提升（二）1-5 ACACA 6-10 ACCDB 11-14 BAAB