人教版（2019）必修第二册 Unit 5 Music 单元语法专训（word版含答案）

非谓语动词之过去分词二
（做表语和状语）
非谓语结构：
主动式 被动式 在句中可作成分
不定式 一般式 to do to be done 主、宾、表、定、状、补
完成式 to have done to have been done
进行式 to be doing /
完成进行式 to have been doing /
动名词
（现在分词） 一般式 doing being done 动名词：主、宾、表、定
完成式 having done having been done 现在分词：表、定、状、补
过去分词 done 表、定、状、补
否定形式 否定形式：not+ to do, not+ doing, not + done
■解答有关非谓语动词的步骤：
1.首先要确定填入的是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。
方法：分析句子结构，看空格前是否有连词，看并列连词连接的是什么。
2.确定要填入非谓语动词后，再从两个方面进行分析：
一是分析非谓语动词和其逻辑主语或其所修饰的词之间的关系来确定用主动式还是被动式；
二是分析非谓语动词和谓语动词之间动作的先后关系确定用一般式、进行式还是完成式等形式。
一、过去分词做表语
1.过去分词可放在系动词be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等后做表语，表主语所处的状态，不表示完成或被动之意。
He seemed quite delighted at the news.
2.过去分词做表语多表示人自身的感觉、感受或事物自身的状态；现在分词做表语多表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人……的”。常用的这类词：exciting/excited, astonished/astonishing, delighted/delighting, moved/ moving, encouraged/encouraging, frightened/frightening, disappointed/ disappointing,
They were frightened to hear the frightening sound.
3.过去分词做表语时与被动语态的区别
“be+过去分词” 表状态时，是系表结构，此时过去分词通常已形容词化；
表示动作时，是被动语态，且绝大多数被动结构中的动作执行者由介词by引出。
The book is well written.
The book was written by a soldier.
二、过去分词（短语）做状语
形式 意义
v.ed (done) 与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成
being+v.ed (being done) 与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系，且与谓语动词动作同时发生
having been +v.ed
(having been done) 与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生
1.用法：过去分词（短语）做状语，修饰谓语，进一步说明动作发生的背景或情况，在意义上相当于状语从句，可以与状语从句转换，表时间、让步、结果、方式等。其逻辑主语为句子的主语，两者之间动宾关系。
（1）时间状语
相当于as引导的时间状语从句，可以再其前加when, while, until等，可置于句首、句尾或主语与谓语之间。
发生的时间可以先于谓语动作之前，也可与谓语动词同时发生。
Told that his mother was seriously ill, Li Ping hurried home quickly.(先于谓语动词)
Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful.(与谓语动词同时发生)
（2）原因状语
相当于as引导的原因状语从句，多位于句首。
Lost in thought, he almost knocked into a tree.
（3）条件状语
可以再其前加if, unless, once等，多位于句首
Given more time, we could do it better.
Heated, water will turn into steam.
（4）让步状语
有时可用在although, though, even if, even though...等连词后，多位于句首，偶尔出现在句尾。
Beaten by the opposite team, they didn’t lose heart and encouraged each other.
Wounded, the brave soldiers continued to fight to search for the trapped in the ruins.
（5）方式或伴随状语
The president entered the hall, accompanied by a group of leaders.
2.过去分词做状语注意的问题：
（1）做状语的过去分词，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者。
Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.
（2）过去分词来源于系表结构，做状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。此类词常见的是：lost, seated, hidden, lost/absorbed in, dressed in, tired of.
Lost in thought, he didn’t hear the bell.
Tired of endless work, he decided to take a few days off.
（3）过去分词常跟when, while, after, if, unless, although/though, as if等词一起用，修饰谓语动词。
3.过去分词与现在分词做状语的区别
前者表逻辑上被动，前者表逻辑上主动。
Asked why he was late, he cried.
Looking out of the window, I saw some students playing there.
4.过去分词做状语的其他结构
①独立成分作状语：有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，被称为独立成分。
如：compared to/with与……相比，given… 考虑到……
②独立主格结构作状语
独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。其中的名词或代词与其后的成分等构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。该结构位置相当灵活，可置于句前、句末或句中，常由逗号将其与句子主体分开，在句中通常作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、目的等，还可以作定语。
He was listening attentively in class，his eyes fixed on the blackboard.
③with伴随结构
with/without+宾语+宾语补足语，宾语通常由名词或代词充当，但代词一定要用宾格。
Without a word more spoken，she left the meeting room.
课后作业
■填空题
1.Ordinary soap, (use),correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
2.Nervously (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be
yourself”.
3.Ladies and gentlemen, please remain (seat) until the plane has come to a complete stop.
4. (give) the right kind of training, these teenager soccer players may one day grow into
international stars.
5.I felt greatly (honor) when he picked me as his successor.
6.Though (tell) to stop, the two girl kept on talking at the meeting.
7.In the evening he is (bury) in his books.
8.Once (lose), such a chance might never come again.
9. (dress) in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
10.Though (surprise) to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
11. (gather) around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.
12. (see) from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.
13.The new technology, if (apply) to rice growing, will help increase the grain output.
14. (locate) in the central district, the hotel offers the best service with the lowest price.
15. (surround) by a river, the park had a central pond with flowers floating in it.
16.It is no use (cry) over spilt milk.
17.We take care of patients of all ages. There is no type of injury, medical or surgical condition that we are not
(equip) to care for.
18.A life burdened with work leads you nowhere, for you will get tired and (bore) with your daily routine work.
19.They may feel (eave) out.
20.Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only (find) it didn't fit.
21.Clearly and thoughtfully (write), the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek answers of their own.
22. (spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears maturer than those of her age.
23.The lecture (give ), a lively question-and-answer session followed.
24. (host ) by the Jinan Municipal People's Government, the Jinan winter swimming race has been held for seven successive years.
25.Throughout Sandra's life, she had to move between cities, never (allow) her much time to get settled in one place.
【答案】
1.used
2.facing
3.seated
4.Given
5.honored
6.told
7.buried
8.lost
9.Dressed
10.surprised
11.Gathering
12.Seen
13.applied
14.Located
15.Surrounded
16.crying
17.equipped
18.bored
19.left
20.to find
21.written
22.Having spent
23.having been given
24.Hosted
25.allowing