人教版（2019）必修第一册Unit 4 Natural Disasters单元知识总结与测评学案（word版附答案）

Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单元知识总结与测评
Part One. Word induction and arrangement(in part of speech)
n. flood, rescue, damage, shelter, ruin, shock, trap, effort ,supply ,strike, aid, death, crack, length, context, wisdom, emergency, summary
v.(vt./vi.) flood, rescue, damage, affect,shelter,ruin,shock,trap,bury,breathe,suffer,supply,surive,
strike, aid, deliver, erupt
adj. calm, sweep
phrases on hand, in ruins, in summary, have an effect on , come to an end , set up, fall down, in shock , in the open air, on hand , sweep away
Sentence patterns as if ,leave+宾语+宾语补足语, be doing …when…,make it +形容词/名词+to do/doing/从句, as …as…..和….一样
Part Two. 单词归纳拓展（词形/词性变化）
1. flood n.洪水;大量 vi.淹没，大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没
flood damage 洪涝灾害 flood in/into..大量涌入…
2.rescue n.救援,营救；救援行动 vt.援救；营救
come/go to sb’s rescue营救某人 rescue…from.. 从…中解救/营救
3.damage vt. 损坏；破坏
do /cause damage to …对…造成损害
4.destroy vt. (destroyed, destroyed ).摧毁，毁灭；破坏
destruction n. 摧毁；毁灭；破坏
destructive adj. 破坏性的；引起破坏的
5.affect v. 影响；侵袭；深深打动
affection n. 喜爱；钟爱 have an affection for …喜爱…..
affecting adj. 动人的，感人的
对比：effect n.作用; 影响in effect=in fact
have an effect on …对…有影响
bring /put sth .into effect 实行，使生效
come into effect 生效，开始实施
6.evacuate vt .(把人从危险的地方)疏散，转移，撤离；撤出，撤空
evacuate sb. from….把某人从…撤离
7.shelter n.庇护处；收容所vt.保护；掩蔽vi. 躲避
under the shelter of … 在…的庇护/遮蔽/掩蔽下
take shelter from…躲避…
shelter sb/sth from .....保护某人/某物免受 shelter from….躲避…
8.as usual 照例, 照旧,像往常一样
It is usual for sb to do sth 某人做某事是惯例
9.as if =as though 仿佛，好像，
it seemed as if………..看起来好像……….
e to an end 结束；终止
at an end 结束 at the end of …在..末端 in the end 最后；终于
11.deadly adj 致命的；极度的，彻底的adv. 死一般地，极其，非常
dying adj 垂死的；临终的
be dying for…渴望/极想….. be dying to do … 极想做…..
12.ruin n.废墟；毁坏，破坏；破产 vt. 破坏；毁灭，使破产
lie /be in ruins 严重受损；破坏不堪
fall into ruins 毁灭；衰落
bring …to ruin 使…毁灭/破产
13.shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt. 使震惊，使惊愕
be a shock to sb 对某人来说是一个打击
be in a state of shock惊魂未定
be shocked at/by…对…感到震惊
be shocked to do sth .对做某事感到震惊
shocked adj.感到震惊的
shocking adj. 令人震惊的 it is shocking that … 令人震惊的是…….
14.trap vt ( trapped , trapped) 使陷入困境；卡住；使陷入全套n. 陷阱，圈套；困境
be trapped in 被困在….中
trapped sb into doing sth 诱骗某人做某事
set/lay a trap 设下陷阱；圈套
fall into a trap 掉进陷阱；落入圈套
15. bury vt. ( buried, buried ).埋葬；埋藏；覆盖；遮盖 ; vt. 使陷入
bury one’s head/face in one’s hands 双手抱头、掩面
be buried in doing sth 专心致志于做某事
bury oneself in doing sth
16.breath vt.vi 呼吸，呼出
breathe in/out 吸气/呼气
breathe…in/out吸入/呼出(气体)
breath n.呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气
hold one’s breath 屏气
take a deep breath 深吸一口气
out of breath 喘不过气
17.effort n.气力；努力；费力的事; n.艰难的尝试，试图；尽力
with an effort 努力地，费力地
pay effort into…. 对…付出努力
make an effort 做出努力
make every effort to do sth
in an effort to do sth 尽力/试图做某事
18.suffer vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤)受苦，受难，受折磨; vt.遭受，经历（后常跟抽象名词，如pain,defeat,loss .damage）
suffer from….患…..疾病；受….之苦（不能用于被动语态）
sufferer n.患病者；受难者
suffering n.痛苦；磨难
19.supply n. 供应量，供给量；补给品；供应; vt.(尤指大量)供应，供给
in short supply 供应不足/短缺
supply sth to sb=supply sb with sth 供应某物给某人
20.survive vt.幸存，幸免于难，艰难度过（其宾语通常是war, accident, flood, fire, earthquake, air crash）
vi.生存，存活，继续存在; vt.比……活的时间长
survive from ...从...中保留下来
survive on ... 依靠…生存下来
survive sb by +时间 比某人多活……
survival n.幸存，生存，存活；残留物 survivor n.幸存者，生还者
21.power n.电力供应，能量; n.某种能力；力量；影响力；政权；权力
a power failure 停电
a power station/plant 发电厂
be in power 执政；掌握权力
come to power 开始掌权
in/within one’s power 在某人职权范围内
beyond/out of one’s power 某人所不能及
22.calm adj. 镇静的，沉着的；风平浪静的; vt.使平静，使镇静
keep/remain/stay calm 保持镇静
calm..down 使…平静下来
calm down 平静，安静
23.aid n. 帮助；救援物质; v.帮助，援助
first /emergency aid 急救/紧急援助
come to one’s aid 来帮助某人
in aid of ...为了帮助...
with the aid of …在… 的帮助下
aid sb in doing sth =aid sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事
aid sb in/with sth 在某事上帮助某人
24.crash vt. 碰撞，撞击；使猛撞vi .倒闭，失败；惨败
n. 撞车；倒闭；破产
crash sth into sth (某物)撞上某物
a car/plane crash 汽车撞车事故/飞机失事
25.sweep vt. (swept, swept)吹走，冲走＆vi打扫；清除
sweep away 消灭；彻底消除
sweep out 打扫干净
sweep up 清扫；扫除
26.wave n. 海浪；波浪；风潮，浪潮；挥手; vi＆vt. 挥手，招手
A wave of violence/attacks 一波暴力/攻击事件
A wave of panic/relief/sympathy 一阵恐慌/宽慰/同情
wave at/to sb 向某人招手
wave sb. goodbye/wave goodbye to sb 跟某人挥手道别
27.strike vi.＆vt. ( struck, struck/stricken)侵袭，突击；击打; n.罢工；罢课；袭击
be struck with /by 被…打动
strike… into one’s heart 使… 刻骨铭心
It strikes/hits sb that…(=it occurs to sb that…)某人突然想起…
be on strike 在罢工（状态）
go on strike 举行罢工（动作）
end /call off a strike 结束罢工
28.deliver vt,＆vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表；接生；助产；分娩
deliver sth to sb 把某物送给某人
deliver a speech/lecture 发表演讲
be delivered of a baby 生产，分娩
delivery n.递送；分娩；演讲方式
Part Three. 单词填空
1.The eruption of this _________ (火山)would be destructive.
2.The rising price of fuel is largely a result of an independence between _______(供应) and demand.
3.They escaped through an __________(紧急)exit and called the police.
4.If you choose an article in French ,please still write your ___________(概要).
5.I tried to persuade him , but with little or no __________(效果).
6.The president will _____________(发表) a speech on education.
7.My mother often reminds me ,“Stay_____________(镇静)”,and I need that advice frequently.
8.Mary __________(轻拍)her forehead and looked annoyed with herself.
9.In the Pacific such storms are called cyclones(旋风),while in the Atlantic are typically called ________(飓风).
10.The plane _________(坠毁)mysteriously near the island.
11.They were walking along the shore when a huge ________(波浪) appeared out of nowhere, sweeping them out to sea.
12.The final _________(哨子声) was only seconds away when Richard scored the goal.
13.The people in this area are still suffering from the__________(影响)of the drought.
14.A___________(水管)had burst in the kitchen and flooded the floor.
15.I couldn’t speak French but a kind man came to my ________(帮助).
Part Four. Exercises
一．单词变形练习
1.If cancers are spotted early, there is a high chance of __________(survive).
2.There is worldwide concern about the_________(destroy) of the rainforests.
3.I was looking for my handbag, which _________(bury) under a pile of books .
4.The stream has frozen up and you can see the fish________(trap) in the ice.
5.Thanks to recent research ,_________(effect) treatments are available.
6.We are moved into a cabin with________(electric) but no running water.
7.The dam broke down and as a result the land________(flood).
8.He felt too _______(shock) to move. His world had been turned upside down.
9.Dry hair can_______(damage)by washing it too frequently.
10.Most parts of African countries have suffered from________(dry) in recent years.
11.At least one well had some smelly gas ________(come)out of it.
12.Mike ran out of the fields looking for places_______(hide),and fish jumped out of the water.
13.But city’s one million people _______(be) asleep as usual that night.
14.Two ______(three) of the people who lived there were dead or injured.
15.The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake ________(be) more than 400,000.
16.Water, food and electricity were hard ______(get).
17.Soon after the quakes ,the army sent 150,000soilders to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and ____(bury) the dead.
18.Indian_______(office)said as many as 1,900 had been killed along the southern coast.
19.Another 254 were found _______(die) in Thailand and 54 in three other countries.
20.In southern Thailand,1,900 people _______(hurt)and many more were missing ,local officials said.
21.We had to leave everything and run to ________(safe).
22.Thousands of people are still missing ,and the number of deaths is expected to grow even ______(high) over the next few days.
23.A summary should be around one third the ____(long) of the original text.
二．短语填空
1.Strong winds just_______ __most of the dust.（吹散）
2.Now I can walk to work __________ going by car.（代替，而不是）
3.It you don’t know a word, _______ it_______ in the dictionary.（查阅）
4.The city police ________ roadblocks to check passing vehicles.（设立）
5.In other words, you are treating the workers _______ they were machines.（仿佛）
6.She looked at her son________, waiting for him to tell her that she had misunderstood everything .（吃惊）
7.That afternoon, the squirrel came to our backyard ________（像往常一样）
8.The firefighters _______the big fire, though the burning building might fall down at any moment.（冲进）
9.Earthquakes can leave cities and countries ________ .(废墟)
10.People often hope all good things won’t _____________.（结束）
11.We clean the house to _________ bad luck.(消除)
12.With the aid of our teachers, we learned how to give _________.(急救)
13.I placed the chick in the nest ,and it quickly __________.(安静)
14.I am sorry we do not have any of the kind __________ (现有)
三．语法填空
Several days before July 28th,1976,many strange things happened in Tangshan.The water in the village wells rose 1._______fell. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst .They were 2.______(sign)for the earthquake .But people in the city didn’t think much 3._____these events. At 3:42 a.m. that day ,the earth began to smoke,4._____destroyed the city .Many people ,5._____(include) rescue workers and doctors ,came to rescue those 6._____(trap)under the ruins.7._____(late)that afternoon, another big quake struck Tangshan .More people 8.________(kill)or injured and 9._____(many)buildings fell down. Solders were called in to help the rescue workers .Teams were organized to dig out 10._____trapped and to bury the dead.
【答案】
Part Three. 单词填空
1. volcano 2.supply 3. emergency 4. summary 5.effect 6.deliver 7.calm 8.tapped
9.hurricanes 10.crashed 11. wave 12. whistle 13. effect 14. pipe 15.aid
Part Four Exercises
一．单词变形练习
1. survival 2. destruction 3.was buried 4.trapped 5.effective 6.electricity 7.was flooded 8.shocked 9. be damaged 10.drought 11.coming 12.to hide 13.were 14.thirds 15.was 16.to get 17. to bury 18.officials 19.dead 20.were hurt 21.safety 22.higher 23.length
二．短语填空
1. blew away 2. instead of 3. look, up 4. set up 5. as if 6. in shock 7. as usual 8. rushed into
9. in ruins
e to an end 11. sweep away12. first aid 13. calm down14. on hand
三．语法填空
1. and 2.signs 3.of 4.which 5.including
6.trapped 7.later 8.were killed 9.more 10.the