人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit3 Environmental Protection单元达标测评（word版含答案,无听力题）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit3 Environmental Protection单元达标测评（word版含答案,无听力题） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-11-12 12:51:04 | ||
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单元达标测评
(满分:120分;时间:100分钟)
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The Great Wall, China
Stretching over 21,000 kilometers, the Great Wall was built to prevent invasions and has a history of more than 2,000 years. UNESCO in February, 2019 called it an absolute masterpiece, not only because of the ambitious character of the undertaking but also because of the perfection of its construction.
But perfection isn't protection. 51.2 percent of the Great Wall either has already disappeared or is at significant risk of disappearing. Besides wind and rain erosion, the main reasons for the destruction of the Great Wall are human factors such as tourism, construction, and human contact.
Pamukkale, Turkey
Pamukkale, which means “cotton castle” in Turkish, is famous for its shining white calcite terraces(方解石阶地) with warm and mineral-rich water flowing.
Before being listed as a World Heritage Site in 1988, Pamukkale had been severely damaged by human activities. People used hot spring water to fill swimming pools;some visitors stood on the rocks and some even bathed in the hot springs with soap and shampoo. To protect the terraces, the Turkish government has decided to pull down the hotels and require all tourists to visit this site barefoot.
The Great Barrier Reef, Australia
Home to over 400 types of coral and 1,500 species of fish, the Great Barrier Reef draws visitors to Australia from all over the world.
However, the Great Barrier Reef is expected to suffer increasingly frequent bleaching events, cases in which corals turn white and may die, according to a UNESCO report. The heatwaves caused by global warming have killed half of the coral here in the past two years, according to a CNN report. Pollution from industry development and harmful fishing practices are also big concerns.
The Dead Sea, on the Israel-Jordan border
At 429 meters below sea level, the Dead Sea is 8 times saltier than the ocean, meaning that the water is so dense that even tourists who can't swim will be able to float.
But the seaside resorts built in the 1980s now sit kilometers away from the edge of the water, which has lost half of its surface area in the past 40 years. The damage is irreversible due to the nature of the mineral industry and the type of the agricultural use that consumes lots of water.
1.Which of the following are you required to visit without shoes
A.The Great Wall, China.
B.Pamukkale, Turkey.
C.The Great Barrier Reef, Australia.
D.The Dead Sea, on the Israel-Jordan border.
2.Which of the following statements is true
A.The main reason for the destruction of the Great Wall is wind and rain erosion.
B.Pamukkale was damaged by human activities after 1988.
C.Pollution and the heatwaves caused by global warming killed much coral in the Great Barrier Reef.
D.Half of the Dead Sea's surface area has disappeared in the past two decades.
3.What do the above spots have in common
A.They are all famous endangered natural spots.
B.They're damaged only by human activities.
C.They all draw the attention of the governments.
D.They're all seriously damaged.
B
For years I have had no idea what I have been doing with my life. I was a 30-year-old lawyer in New York. But being a lawyer is never my dream or goal in life. I honestly wanted to be a writer. I have a good imagination and would write amazing stories in my mind. But I always knew that being a writer was never possible for me because it was a better financial decision to stay a lawyer.
Recently, I couldn't fall asleep at my usual time of 10 p.m. and when I did fall asleep I had the same dream over and over again. The dream starts with my trying to go for a swim in the ocean and searching for something, but then in the dream I start to drown and have no control over my body. Then a light shines through the water and when I look up all I can see is myself in a bright white room writing a novel. Then I hear a voice say repeatedly, “Now it is time to try something new!”
It wasn't just a dream;it was my opportunity to make something good out of my life. That afternoon, I quit my job at the law firm and I couldn't have been any happier. My life started at 30, and since that point I haven't stopped enjoying life. I started to write and have been on the best-seller list for the last two months. Things have definitely turned around.
Change is a good thing;it gives us an opportunity to take a chance. So my two favorite words I live by and so should you are “change” and “chance”.
4.What can we know from the first paragraph
A.The author is now 30 years old.
B.It is impossible for the author to become a writer.
C.A lawyer can be likely to earn more than a writer.
D.The author prefers to be a lawyer rather than be a writer.
5.The second paragraph mainly talks about the author's .
A.difficulty in sleeping at night
B.strong desire to become a writer
C.wish to have a swim in the ocean
D.terrible swimming experience in the ocean
6.The underlined part in the third paragraph probably means the author .
A.regretted having quit his job as a lawyer
B.was unhappy after giving up his job as a lawyer
C.was upset because he had to give up his job as a lawyer
D.was pretty happy after he quit his job as a lawyer
7.What's the best title of the text
A.Lawyer or Writer B.Change and Chance
C.Change and Regret D.Risk or Opportunity
C
Not only does the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet,it also increases pollution and wastes energy. Only 23% of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin, meaning over 1 billion dollars' worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year. Recently, Skipping Rocks Lab has invented a kind of water bottle called Ooho.
It is a convenient,clear water bottle that can either be drunk or be eaten. To drink it,you can either peel off the membrane(薄膜) or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth. To eat it, you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth. One problem the scientists have run into is how to ship lots of Ooho bubbles without arriving with a very wet truck. However, they have attempted to package units of individual bubbles together inside a larger and thicker membrane. It is targeting large outdoor events such as marathons,music festivals,and sports events,where tons of plastic bottles are used,and frequently left behind as litter. And too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment,which could account for the purpose of such a new invention.
The team have been working on it for the past two years to develop the technology and materials needed to produce Ooho;they have recently applied for a patent on their new advancement. The price of an individual bubble or a unit of bubbles has not been set yet,but it costs about two cents to create a unit,which is cheaper than a unit of plastic bottles. Ooho has appeared at events in London,San Francisco and Boston, and at conferences, festivals and so on.
Ooho is catching many people's attention and has raised over $1 million and gained 1,000 investors in only three days. It is mostly being sold at events at the moment to keep the consumer's interest when the production machine is running. It is quickly making a rise,so keep an eye out this year for these bottles of the future.
8.How is most plastic dealt with in America
A.It's sold. B.It's recycled.
C.It's buried. D.It's wasted.
9.Why did the team invent Ooho
A.To make a profit for a company.
B.To protect the environment.
C.To make people eat as they drink.
D.To reduce the cost of the plastic bottle.
10.What can we infer about Ooho from the text
A.It is easy and safe to ship it in large amounts.
B.It has become popular since it began to be sold.
C.It might be sold at a lower price than plastic bottles.
D.It cost the team a lot of money to develop the technology.
11.What does the author really want to say in the last paragraph
A.Ooho is to be a success in the future.
B.Ooho is being supported by smart people.
C.Ooho is taking the place of plastic bottles now.
D.Ooho is being produced to attract more investors.
D
Chocolate could soon be a thing of the past after scientists' warning that the cacao plant, from which chocolate is made, could be extinct within 32 years.
Over half of the world's chocolate comes from just two countries in West Africa—C te d'Ivoire and Ghana—where the temperature, rain, and humidity provide the perfect conditions for cacao to grow. But rising temperatures over the next three decades caused by climate change are expected to result in a loss of water from the ground, which scientists say could upset this balance.
According to the related data, a temperature rise of just 2.1 ℃ could spell an end for the chocolate industry worldwide by 2050. Farmers in the region are already considering moving cacao production areas thousands of feet uphill into mountainous areas—many of which are currently preserved for wildlife. But a move of this scale could destroy the ecosystems that are already under threat from illegal farming and deforestation.
One of the problems, according to Doug Hawkins, is that cacao farming methods have not changed for hundreds of years. “Unlike other tree crops that have benefited from the development of modern, high yielding strains and crop management techniques to realize their genetic potential, more than 90% of the global cacao crop is produced by small farms with unimproved planting materials,” he said. “It means that we could be facing a chocolate decrease of 100,000 tons a year in the next few years.”
Now scientists at the University of California, Berkeley have teamed up with American candy company Mars to keep chocolate on the menu. Using the controversial(有争议的) gene-editing technology known as CRISPR they are trying to develop a type of cacao plant capable of surviving in dryer, warmer climates. If the team's work on the cacao plant is successful, it could remove the need for farmers in West Africa to relocate to higher ground, and perhaps even allow cacao to be grown elsewhere in the world.
12.What do we know about chocolate from the text
A.Chocolate will disappear from the menu 30 years later.
B.Chocolate is mainly produced by African countries.
C.Chocolate will not be produced by 2050 because of climate change.
D.A new type of chocolate will be produced with the help of CRISPR.
13.What is the reason for the probable extinction of the cacao plant
A.The damaged ecosystems.
B.Water shortage caused by climate change.
C.The threat from illegal farming and deforestation.
D.The changeable farming method.
14.What is the writer's attitude to the application of CRISPR to develop a new type of cacao plant
A.Objective. B.Unconcerned.
C.Supportive. D.Negative.
15.Where does the passage probably come from
A.A poster. B.A leaflet.
C.An advertisement. D.A magazine.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Ways to Reduce Plastic Waste
Plastic has been found virtually in everything these days. Your food is packaged in it. Your car, phone and computer are made from it. 16 . While most plastics are advertised as recyclable, the reality is that they're “downcycled”.
Luckily, there are simple steps you can take to dramatically decrease the amount of plastic waste you produce.
17
One of the easiest ways to keep plastic out of the landfill is to refuse plastic straws. Simply inform your waiter or waitress that you don't need one, and be sure to state this clearly when ordering at a drive-through. Can't stand giving up the convenience of plastic straws 18 . Restaurant workers will be less likely to bring you a plastic one if they see that you've brought your own.
Use reusable bags
About one million plastic bags are used every minute. A single plastic bag can take 1,000 years to degrade(降解). If you're already bringing reusable bags to the grocery store, you're on the right track. Purchase some reusable bags and help keep even more plastic out of the landfill. However, you should avoid those bags made from nylon or polyester(聚酯纤维). 19 .
Use matches
20 , if you need to light a candle, build a campfire or start a fire for any other reason. These cheap plastic devices can sit in landfills for years and have been even found in dead birds' stomachs. If you can't bear to part with your lighter, pick up a refillable metal one to help cut down on waste.
A.Say no to plastic straws
B.Choose cotton ones instead
C.Don't use plastic containers
D.Choose matches instead of plastic lighters
E.Most restaurants will have no problem with it
F.And you might even chew it daily in the form of gum
G.Purchase a reusable stainless steel or glass drinking straw
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It was an extremely hot summer day. A thunderstorm had passed and now the clouds were cleared and the sun returned. Steam was coming off the 21 sidewalk as I parked my car. I 22 into the local store to buy my son a shirt. The air conditioner there was welcome 23 from the heat outside.
Having made my 24 ,I walked back into the heat. I got into my car but had to wait to 25 because all the cars were lining up at the red light. I looked out of my car window and saw something on the pavement. A single butterfly was 26 fluttering (拍打) its wings but couldn't get off the ground. Besides, it was right in front of a truck's tire. Without a second thought, I got out of my car, 27 my hand so that the truck driver wouldn't move 28 ,and then bent down to look at the butterfly. One of its legs was 29 in what looked like spilt soda. I reached down and 30 the butterfly in my hands 31 . I lifted its leg and it was 32 . I opened my hands and up it flew towards the shining sun. My own eyes shined brighter and my own heart was 33 as I watched it.
Lots of people might wonder why I would step out into traffic like that to 34 a single butterfly. All I can say is that my heart was 35 me at that moment. And when I had done it, I felt more like my true self than I had all day.
21.A.dry B.straight C.wet D.broad
22.A.drove B.broke
C.headed D.jumped
23.A.gesture B.reaction C.greeting D.relief
24.A.purchase B.decision C.mind D.day
25.A.pull in B.speed up
C.pull out D.check out
26.A.happily B.softly
C.desperately D.casually
27.A.reached out B.held up
C.lay down D.put down
28.A.backwards B.sideways
C.around D.forwards
29.A.stuck B.placed C.fastened D.fitted
30.A.pushed B.cupped C.seized D.dropped
31.A.tightly B.forcefully
C.quickly D.gently
32.A.free B.awake C.blank D.dizzy
33.A.prouder B.lighter
C.softer D.heavier
34.A.rescue B.appreciate C.pity D.shelter
35.A.failing B.guiding
C.warning D.informing
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese scientists have developed a kind of plastic that degrades in sea water and could help slow down the 36 (increase) serious plastic pollution in the ocean.
The new plastic can degrade in sea water over a period ranging from a few days to several hundred days, 37 (leave) small parts that cause no pollution, said Wang Gexia, 38 is a senior engineer.
For a long time, people focused 39 white pollution on land. Plastic pollution in the sea only caught people's attention when more and more 40 (report) about marine animals dying from it appeared in recent years.
Scientists combined water dissolution and biodegradation processes 41 (design) and invent 42 new plastic.
The research 43 (select) as one of the winning projects at a contest. The contest encouraged young Chinese scientists to develop groundbreaking technologies and was intended to inspire creativity.
China has given top attention to 44 (environment) protection, contributing Chinese wisdom to 45 (resolve) global pollution problems.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假如你是李华,学校最近要组织一次英语演讲比赛,主题为“垃圾分类益处多”。请你根据此话题写一篇演讲稿。要点如下:
1.你的观点;
2.你的建议。
参考词汇:垃圾分类garbage classification
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
I woke up earlier than my brother as every other day of the week. I jumped out of the bed, got dressed, brushed my teeth, and had breakfast. Saying goodbye to my mother, I got in the car no later than 7:05. I got to school on time, while my brother came out of the house late as he used to.
It was a Thursday. I was walking to the chemistry room when my phone in my left pocket vibrated(震动). I took it out and looked at the shiny screen. As soon as I saw my father's name on the screen I realized something was wrong.
He would not call me in the middle of a school day just to talk. He would want me to focus in school and do well. I answered the phone, and my father sounded worried. He told me to find my brother as soon as possible, walk with him to the school picking-up zone and get in the car with my brother. Our driver would take us back home where my father was.
When I was in the car with my brother, my dad called the driver and told him to take us to the hospital. We were going to meet him and my mum there. As soon as my brother and I found out the change in plans, we looked at each other in the eyes. I immediately noticed the fear in my brother's eyes.
To be honest, I was really scared too, probably more than he was. But I did not say anything. We arrived at the hospital. I saw my dad waiting for us at the entrance. He was smoking. Seeing my dad smoking made me more worried. I had never seen him smoke before. He hated it. As soon as he recognized the white car, he threw the cigarette away. I looked at my brother;he was looking out of the other window. I did not tell him what I just saw. I did not want him to worry.
Paragraph 1:
The car stopped right in front of my dad.
Paragraph 2:
We walked down the hall with our eyes closed.
答案全解全析
1.B 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.D 7.B
8.D 9.B 10.C 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.C
15.D 16.F 17.A 18.G 19.B 20.D 21.C
22.C 23.D 24.A 25.C 26.C 27.B 28.D
29.A 30.B 31.D 32.A 33.B 34.A 35.B
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文,介绍了中国的长城、土耳其的棉花城堡、澳大利亚的大堡礁以及位于以色列和约旦边界的死海这四个著名的旅游景点以及其遭到破坏的情況。
1.B 细节理解题。由第四段的最后一句“To protect the terraces,the Turkish government has decided to pull down the hotels and require all tourists to visit this site barefoot.”中的 barefoot(赤脚地)可知,B项符合题意。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第六段最后两句“The heatwaves caused by global warming have killed half of the coral here in the past two years, according to a CNN report. Pollution from industry development and harmful fishing practices are also big concerns.”可知C项正确;由第二段中的“Besides wind and rain erosion, the main reasons for the destruction of the Great Wall are human factors such as tourism, construction, and human contact.”可以看出,长城受破坏的主要原因是人类因素,如旅游、建筑、人类触摸等,排除A项;由第四段中的“Before being listed as a World Heritage Site in 1988, Pamukkale had been severely damaged by human activities.”可以看出,棉花城堡在1988年以前就已经受到人类活动的破坏,排除B项;由第八段中的“...which has lost half of its surface area in the past 40 years.”可以判断,死海面积的减少是在近40年,排除D项。
3.D 推理判断题。综观全文,四个景点中并非全部是自然景点(natural spots),如长城,故可排除A项;这些景点遭到破坏并非全都是因为人类活动,还有自然原因,故排除B项;文中只提及了棉花城堡的破坏引起了政府关注,故排除C项。文中对四个景点的介绍都提到了其被破坏的情况,而且破坏程度都不小,故D项(它们都遭到了严重破坏。)符合题意。
【高频词汇】 1.invasion n.入侵;侵略 2.ambitious adj.宏大的;费力的;有抱负的;有野心的;艰巨的 3.perfection n.完美
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。作者叙述了自己鼓起勇气辞掉了律师的工作,投身于自己喜欢的写作事业中,并在该领域收获颇丰。作者想告诉我们改变带来机遇。
4.C 推理判断题。由第一段中的“But I always knew that being a writer was never possible for me because it was a better financial decision to stay a lawyer.”可知,律师比作家挣得多。故C选项正确。
5.B 推理判断题。由第二段中的“Recently, I couldn t fall asleep at my usual time of 10 p.m. and when I did fall asleep I had the same dream over and over again.”及“Then a light shines through the water and when I look up all I can see is myself in a bright white room writing a novel. Then I hear a voice say repeatedly, ‘Now it is time to try something new!’”可知,第二段主要通过梦境讲述作者成为作家的强烈愿望。故B选项正确。
6.D 推理判断题。由画线部分后面的“My life started at 30, and since that point I haven t stopped enjoying life.”可知,作者辞去律师的工作后非常高兴。故D选项正确。
7.B 主旨大意题。综观全文并结合末段“Change is a good thing;it gives us an opportunity to take a chance. So my two favorite words I live by and so should you are ‘change’ and ‘chance’.”可知,文章最好的标题是“改变和机遇”。故B选项正确。
【高频词汇】 1.financial adj.财务的;金融的,财政的
2.repeatedly adv.反复地,屡次地 3.definitely adv.清楚地;明确地;当然;确实
原句 But I always knew that being a writer was never possible for me because it was a better financial decision to stay a lawyer.
句意 但我一直知道,当一名作家对我来说是从来都不可能的,因为继续做律师在经济上是一个更好的决定。
分析 that引导宾语从句;being a writer是动名词短语作主语;because引导原因状语从句,其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式短语to stay a lawyer。
C
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。由于塑料瓶的使用不但浪费金钱,还造成环境污染,Skipping Rocks Lab发明了一种可以食用的装水的包装材料Ooho。本文介绍了Ooho的使用方法、运输方法以及制作成本等,并展望了其市场前景。
8.D 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知,在美国只有23%的塑料最终到了回收箱,这意味着每年有价值超过10亿美元的塑料被视为垃圾。据此可知,在美国,大部分塑料被浪费了,故D项正确。
9.B 细节理解题。根据第二段尾句可知,由于太多塑料的使用对环境有害,因此Skipping Rocks Lab发明了一种可以食用的包装材料Ooho以保护环境,故B项正确。
10.C 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知,该产品的制造成本比塑料瓶低,据此可推知,该产品的售价也可能比塑料瓶低,故C项正确;由第二段中的One problem the scientists have run into is how to ship lots of Ooho bubbles without arriving with a very wet truck.可以判断,在运输过程中遇到了问题,所以A项错误;B、D两项的内容在文中没有提及。
11.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知,Ooho吸引了很多人的注意,在三天时间内就得到了1,000位投资者的投资,筹集到100多万美元;再结合最后一段最后一句可推知,作者在最后一段想要表达的是在未来Ooho一定能获得成功,故A项正确。
【高频词汇】 1.account for解释;是……的原因 2.apply for申请;请求 3.advancement n.前进;发展 4.investor n.投资者
D
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了可可树因为气候变化而面临灭绝的危险,现在科学家们正在努力研究新的可可树品种来适应变化的气候。
12.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Over half of the world s chocolate comes from just two countries in West Africa—C te d Ivoire and Ghana—where the temperature, rain, and humidity provide the perfect conditions for cacao to grow.可知,世界上一半以上的巧克力来自西非的科特迪瓦和加纳这两个国家,因此巧克力主要由非洲国家生产。故选B项。
13.B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的But rising temperatures over the next three decades caused by climate change are expected to result in a loss of water from the ground, which scientists say could upset this balance.可知,未来30年,预计气候变化造成的气温上升将导致地面失水,这可能会破坏可可树生长环境的平衡。再结合第三段中的According to the related data, a temperature rise of just 2.1 ℃ could spell an end for the chocolate industry worldwide by 2050.可知,可可树很可能灭绝的原因是气候变化引起的缺水。故选B项。
14.C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句If the team s work on the cacao plant is successful, it could remove the need for farmers in West Africa to relocate to higher ground, and perhaps even allow cacao to be grown elsewhere in the world.可知,如果该项目取得成功,西非农民就不用搬迁到高地了,甚至可能允许可可树在世界其他地方种植。由此看出,作者支持该项目,且对该项目抱有很大希望。故选C项。
15.D 推理判断题。根据文章的内容和文体形式综合分析,本文与科学研究和环境有关,由此判断这篇文章很有可能来自一本杂志。故选D项。
【高频词汇】 1.currently adv.当前 2.preserve vt.保护;保存 3.benefit vi.得益于vt.使受益 n.益处 4.capable adj.有能力的
原句 Chocolate could soon be a thing of the past after scientists warning that the cacao plant, from which chocolate is made, could be extinct within 32 years.
句意 科学家警告称,巧克力的原料可可树可能会在32年内灭绝,鉴于这一警告,巧克力可能很快就会成为过去的东西。
分析 句中warning后面跟的是由that引导的同位语从句。from which 引导的是非限制性定语从句,修饰the cacao plant。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文中就如何减少白色污染给出了几条建议。
16.F 本段意在说明塑料在日常生活中随处可见,并举出了食品包装等例子。据此可判断空处应该与前几句是并列或递进关系,也是说塑料的存在形式,F项提到一种塑料的形式,即口香糖,符合文意,故选F。
17.A 根据文章结构可知,此处为该段的小标题。由全段内容可知,这里讲的是塑料吸管(plastic straws)的问题。故答案为A。
18.G 空处所在段讲的是关于拒绝使用塑料吸管的话题。空处上句的意思是“拒绝不了吸管带来的便利 ”,空处下句表示“如果餐厅工作人员看到你带了自己的(吸管),他们就不太可能会给你一根塑料吸管。”,据此可确定这里建议读者自己带吸管,故选G。
19.B 空处所在段的小标题表示“使用能重复使用的袋子”,空处上句是说不要使用尼龙或聚酯纤维材质的袋子。结合选项可确定这里要讲提倡使用的袋子,故选B。
20.D 由空处所在段的小标题判断,该段讲的是关于火柴的问题。分析各选项可知,只有D项(选择火柴而不是塑料打火机。)与之相符,故答案为D。
【高频词汇】 1.recyclable adj.可回收利用的;可再循环的
2.dramatically adv.巨大地;突然地;戏剧性地;引人注目地
3.purchase vt.购买
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者救助一只被困在人行道上的蝴蝶的经历。这个故事告诉我们要善待我们周边的小动物。
21.C 上文提到雷雨刚刚过去,故人行道上应该是“潮湿的”。这里指蒸汽从潮湿的人行道上升腾起来。此处不强调人行道是“直的”或“宽的”。
22.C 此处动词head意为“朝(某方向)行进”。
23.D 根据语境可知,此处指商店内的空调给来自外面炎热的天气的人们带来了一些缓解(relief)。
24.A 上文提到,作者去当地的商店给儿子买衬衫,由此可知此处应表示完成购买,故选择A项。此处purchase是名词,意为“购买,购置”。make a purchase是固定短语,意为“购买,采购”。
25.C 上文提到作者停车后去当地的商店给儿子买衬衫。买完东西后应该是把车从停车场“开出来(pull out)”。
26.C 根据上下文及生活常识可知,此处应该选择C项,表示当时那只蝴蝶“拼命地(desperately)”拍打翅膀。
27.B 根据语境可知此处表达的是作者“举起(hold up)”手示意卡车司机先不要往前开车。
28.D 根据上文it was right in front of a truck s tire可知,此处应该选择D项,表示作者示意卡车司机不要往前(forwards)开车,以免碾压了那只蝴蝶。
29.A 根据语境可知,此处表达的是作者发现那只蝴蝶的一条腿“被粘(be stuck)”在看上去像是洒了的苏打水的东西里面。
30.B 此处cup用作动词,意为“使(双手)成圆状托起”。这里指作者用手托起那只蝴蝶。
31.D 结合语境可知,作者应该是把那只蝴蝶“轻轻地(gently)”捧在手里。
32.A 上文提到蝴蝶的一条腿被困住了,动弹不得,当作者轻轻地将它被困的腿从地面上拿起后,蝴蝶就“自由(free)”了。
33.B 此处表示当作者目睹蝴蝶获得了自由后,作者自己的眼睛也更加明亮,心情也轻松了很多。此处light意为“愉快的;无忧无虑的,快活的”。
34.A 根据上文内容可知,作者“救(rescue)”了一只被困在看上去像是苏打水的东西里面的蝴蝶。
35.B 句意:我能说的就是当时我的内心在指引着我(这么做)。此处guide用作动词,意为“指导,影响(某人的行为)”。
【高频词汇】 1.extremely adv.极其,极端地 2.line up排队 3.pavement n.人行道
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。中国科学家研制出一种新塑料,这种塑料可以在海水中降解,并有助于减缓海洋中日益严重的塑料污染。
36.increasingly 考查副词。句意:中国科学家研制出了一种可以在海水中降解的塑料,这种塑料可以帮助减缓海洋中日益严重的塑料污染。该空后为形容词 serious,应用副词修饰,故答案为 increasingly。
37.leaving 考查非谓语动词。句意:高级工程师王格霞说,这种新塑料可以在几天到几百天的时间里在海水中降解,只留下不会造成污染的小部件。该句中已有谓语动词,此处应为非谓语动词,且此处表示自然而然的结果,所以使用其现在分词leaving表示结果。
38.who 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为人,且在从句中作主语,故答案为who。
39.on 考查介词。句意:在很长一段时间里,人们把注意力集中在陆地上的白色污染上。focus on把注意力集中于……。
40.reports 考查名词的数。此处指出现了越来越多的关于海洋动物死于塑料污染的报道。“more and more+可数名词复数”表示“越来越多的……”。故填reports。
41.to design 考查动词不定式。句意:科学家们将水的溶解和生物降解过程结合起来设计并发明了这种新塑料。此处应用动词不定式表目的,故答案为to design。
42.the 考查冠词。这里表示特指,指的是上文提到的科学家发明的这种新塑料,应用定冠词the。
43.was selected 考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:这项研究被选为竞赛的一个获奖项目。这里讲的是过去的事情,时态应用一般过去时;由句意可知这里表示被动,主语是The research,故答案为was selected。
44.environmental 考查形容词。句意:中国高度重视环境保护,为解决全球污染贡献了中国智慧。 protection为名词,用形容词修饰,故答案为 environmental。
45.resolving 考查动名词。句意见上题。contribute在此处意为“增添,增加”,contribute...to...表示“增添……到……中”,其中to为介词,其后应用动名词形式。故填resolving。
【高频词汇】 1.range from...to... 在……和……之间变动
2.groundbreaking adj.开创性的 3.wisdom n.智慧
原句 The new plastic can degrade in sea water over a period ranging from a few days to several hundred days, leaving small parts that cause no pollution, said Wang Gexia, who is a senior engineer.
句意 高级工程师王格霞说,这种新塑料可以在几天到几百天的时间里在海水中降解,只留下不会造成污染的小部件。
分析 现在分词短语ranging from a few days to several hundred days作定语,修饰a period;现在分词短语leaving small parts that cause no pollution在句中作状语,表示结果;定语从句that cause no pollution修饰先行词small parts;定语从句who is a senior engineer修饰先行词Wang Gexia。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Hello, everyone!
I m glad to have this chance to share some ideas about garbage classification with you.
In my opinion, the earth is home to every individual, and it s our duty to protect the environment voluntarily. By sorting waste, we can not only reduce pollution but also conserve energy, which will pave the way for the recycling of valuable resources. For the sake of our environment and life, we are expected to learn to sort rubbish and make it a habit. Every individual can make a difference and let s bring a brighter future for the planet!
Thank you!
第二节
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
The car stopped right in front of my dad. He opened the door and I jumped out of the car and hugged him. He noticed that I was worried and with a smile on his face he told us he had a surprise for us. What good things happened in hospital When we approached the ward, my dad told my brother and me to close our eyes and hold his hands. So we did. His warm hands made us feel more secure.
Paragraph 2:
We walked down the hall with our eyes closed. Suddenly we stopped. When we walked into the room, Father told us to open our eyes. We saw our mother lying on the bed. Tears welled up in my eyes, but I was not in pain. Right next to my mother was the most beautiful thing I had ever seen. It was a girl. She was sleeping. She was my sister. I still remember that day as one of the happiest days of my life.
(满分:120分;时间:100分钟)
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The Great Wall, China
Stretching over 21,000 kilometers, the Great Wall was built to prevent invasions and has a history of more than 2,000 years. UNESCO in February, 2019 called it an absolute masterpiece, not only because of the ambitious character of the undertaking but also because of the perfection of its construction.
But perfection isn't protection. 51.2 percent of the Great Wall either has already disappeared or is at significant risk of disappearing. Besides wind and rain erosion, the main reasons for the destruction of the Great Wall are human factors such as tourism, construction, and human contact.
Pamukkale, Turkey
Pamukkale, which means “cotton castle” in Turkish, is famous for its shining white calcite terraces(方解石阶地) with warm and mineral-rich water flowing.
Before being listed as a World Heritage Site in 1988, Pamukkale had been severely damaged by human activities. People used hot spring water to fill swimming pools;some visitors stood on the rocks and some even bathed in the hot springs with soap and shampoo. To protect the terraces, the Turkish government has decided to pull down the hotels and require all tourists to visit this site barefoot.
The Great Barrier Reef, Australia
Home to over 400 types of coral and 1,500 species of fish, the Great Barrier Reef draws visitors to Australia from all over the world.
However, the Great Barrier Reef is expected to suffer increasingly frequent bleaching events, cases in which corals turn white and may die, according to a UNESCO report. The heatwaves caused by global warming have killed half of the coral here in the past two years, according to a CNN report. Pollution from industry development and harmful fishing practices are also big concerns.
The Dead Sea, on the Israel-Jordan border
At 429 meters below sea level, the Dead Sea is 8 times saltier than the ocean, meaning that the water is so dense that even tourists who can't swim will be able to float.
But the seaside resorts built in the 1980s now sit kilometers away from the edge of the water, which has lost half of its surface area in the past 40 years. The damage is irreversible due to the nature of the mineral industry and the type of the agricultural use that consumes lots of water.
1.Which of the following are you required to visit without shoes
A.The Great Wall, China.
B.Pamukkale, Turkey.
C.The Great Barrier Reef, Australia.
D.The Dead Sea, on the Israel-Jordan border.
2.Which of the following statements is true
A.The main reason for the destruction of the Great Wall is wind and rain erosion.
B.Pamukkale was damaged by human activities after 1988.
C.Pollution and the heatwaves caused by global warming killed much coral in the Great Barrier Reef.
D.Half of the Dead Sea's surface area has disappeared in the past two decades.
3.What do the above spots have in common
A.They are all famous endangered natural spots.
B.They're damaged only by human activities.
C.They all draw the attention of the governments.
D.They're all seriously damaged.
B
For years I have had no idea what I have been doing with my life. I was a 30-year-old lawyer in New York. But being a lawyer is never my dream or goal in life. I honestly wanted to be a writer. I have a good imagination and would write amazing stories in my mind. But I always knew that being a writer was never possible for me because it was a better financial decision to stay a lawyer.
Recently, I couldn't fall asleep at my usual time of 10 p.m. and when I did fall asleep I had the same dream over and over again. The dream starts with my trying to go for a swim in the ocean and searching for something, but then in the dream I start to drown and have no control over my body. Then a light shines through the water and when I look up all I can see is myself in a bright white room writing a novel. Then I hear a voice say repeatedly, “Now it is time to try something new!”
It wasn't just a dream;it was my opportunity to make something good out of my life. That afternoon, I quit my job at the law firm and I couldn't have been any happier. My life started at 30, and since that point I haven't stopped enjoying life. I started to write and have been on the best-seller list for the last two months. Things have definitely turned around.
Change is a good thing;it gives us an opportunity to take a chance. So my two favorite words I live by and so should you are “change” and “chance”.
4.What can we know from the first paragraph
A.The author is now 30 years old.
B.It is impossible for the author to become a writer.
C.A lawyer can be likely to earn more than a writer.
D.The author prefers to be a lawyer rather than be a writer.
5.The second paragraph mainly talks about the author's .
A.difficulty in sleeping at night
B.strong desire to become a writer
C.wish to have a swim in the ocean
D.terrible swimming experience in the ocean
6.The underlined part in the third paragraph probably means the author .
A.regretted having quit his job as a lawyer
B.was unhappy after giving up his job as a lawyer
C.was upset because he had to give up his job as a lawyer
D.was pretty happy after he quit his job as a lawyer
7.What's the best title of the text
A.Lawyer or Writer B.Change and Chance
C.Change and Regret D.Risk or Opportunity
C
Not only does the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet,it also increases pollution and wastes energy. Only 23% of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin, meaning over 1 billion dollars' worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year. Recently, Skipping Rocks Lab has invented a kind of water bottle called Ooho.
It is a convenient,clear water bottle that can either be drunk or be eaten. To drink it,you can either peel off the membrane(薄膜) or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth. To eat it, you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth. One problem the scientists have run into is how to ship lots of Ooho bubbles without arriving with a very wet truck. However, they have attempted to package units of individual bubbles together inside a larger and thicker membrane. It is targeting large outdoor events such as marathons,music festivals,and sports events,where tons of plastic bottles are used,and frequently left behind as litter. And too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment,which could account for the purpose of such a new invention.
The team have been working on it for the past two years to develop the technology and materials needed to produce Ooho;they have recently applied for a patent on their new advancement. The price of an individual bubble or a unit of bubbles has not been set yet,but it costs about two cents to create a unit,which is cheaper than a unit of plastic bottles. Ooho has appeared at events in London,San Francisco and Boston, and at conferences, festivals and so on.
Ooho is catching many people's attention and has raised over $1 million and gained 1,000 investors in only three days. It is mostly being sold at events at the moment to keep the consumer's interest when the production machine is running. It is quickly making a rise,so keep an eye out this year for these bottles of the future.
8.How is most plastic dealt with in America
A.It's sold. B.It's recycled.
C.It's buried. D.It's wasted.
9.Why did the team invent Ooho
A.To make a profit for a company.
B.To protect the environment.
C.To make people eat as they drink.
D.To reduce the cost of the plastic bottle.
10.What can we infer about Ooho from the text
A.It is easy and safe to ship it in large amounts.
B.It has become popular since it began to be sold.
C.It might be sold at a lower price than plastic bottles.
D.It cost the team a lot of money to develop the technology.
11.What does the author really want to say in the last paragraph
A.Ooho is to be a success in the future.
B.Ooho is being supported by smart people.
C.Ooho is taking the place of plastic bottles now.
D.Ooho is being produced to attract more investors.
D
Chocolate could soon be a thing of the past after scientists' warning that the cacao plant, from which chocolate is made, could be extinct within 32 years.
Over half of the world's chocolate comes from just two countries in West Africa—C te d'Ivoire and Ghana—where the temperature, rain, and humidity provide the perfect conditions for cacao to grow. But rising temperatures over the next three decades caused by climate change are expected to result in a loss of water from the ground, which scientists say could upset this balance.
According to the related data, a temperature rise of just 2.1 ℃ could spell an end for the chocolate industry worldwide by 2050. Farmers in the region are already considering moving cacao production areas thousands of feet uphill into mountainous areas—many of which are currently preserved for wildlife. But a move of this scale could destroy the ecosystems that are already under threat from illegal farming and deforestation.
One of the problems, according to Doug Hawkins, is that cacao farming methods have not changed for hundreds of years. “Unlike other tree crops that have benefited from the development of modern, high yielding strains and crop management techniques to realize their genetic potential, more than 90% of the global cacao crop is produced by small farms with unimproved planting materials,” he said. “It means that we could be facing a chocolate decrease of 100,000 tons a year in the next few years.”
Now scientists at the University of California, Berkeley have teamed up with American candy company Mars to keep chocolate on the menu. Using the controversial(有争议的) gene-editing technology known as CRISPR they are trying to develop a type of cacao plant capable of surviving in dryer, warmer climates. If the team's work on the cacao plant is successful, it could remove the need for farmers in West Africa to relocate to higher ground, and perhaps even allow cacao to be grown elsewhere in the world.
12.What do we know about chocolate from the text
A.Chocolate will disappear from the menu 30 years later.
B.Chocolate is mainly produced by African countries.
C.Chocolate will not be produced by 2050 because of climate change.
D.A new type of chocolate will be produced with the help of CRISPR.
13.What is the reason for the probable extinction of the cacao plant
A.The damaged ecosystems.
B.Water shortage caused by climate change.
C.The threat from illegal farming and deforestation.
D.The changeable farming method.
14.What is the writer's attitude to the application of CRISPR to develop a new type of cacao plant
A.Objective. B.Unconcerned.
C.Supportive. D.Negative.
15.Where does the passage probably come from
A.A poster. B.A leaflet.
C.An advertisement. D.A magazine.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Ways to Reduce Plastic Waste
Plastic has been found virtually in everything these days. Your food is packaged in it. Your car, phone and computer are made from it. 16 . While most plastics are advertised as recyclable, the reality is that they're “downcycled”.
Luckily, there are simple steps you can take to dramatically decrease the amount of plastic waste you produce.
17
One of the easiest ways to keep plastic out of the landfill is to refuse plastic straws. Simply inform your waiter or waitress that you don't need one, and be sure to state this clearly when ordering at a drive-through. Can't stand giving up the convenience of plastic straws 18 . Restaurant workers will be less likely to bring you a plastic one if they see that you've brought your own.
Use reusable bags
About one million plastic bags are used every minute. A single plastic bag can take 1,000 years to degrade(降解). If you're already bringing reusable bags to the grocery store, you're on the right track. Purchase some reusable bags and help keep even more plastic out of the landfill. However, you should avoid those bags made from nylon or polyester(聚酯纤维). 19 .
Use matches
20 , if you need to light a candle, build a campfire or start a fire for any other reason. These cheap plastic devices can sit in landfills for years and have been even found in dead birds' stomachs. If you can't bear to part with your lighter, pick up a refillable metal one to help cut down on waste.
A.Say no to plastic straws
B.Choose cotton ones instead
C.Don't use plastic containers
D.Choose matches instead of plastic lighters
E.Most restaurants will have no problem with it
F.And you might even chew it daily in the form of gum
G.Purchase a reusable stainless steel or glass drinking straw
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It was an extremely hot summer day. A thunderstorm had passed and now the clouds were cleared and the sun returned. Steam was coming off the 21 sidewalk as I parked my car. I 22 into the local store to buy my son a shirt. The air conditioner there was welcome 23 from the heat outside.
Having made my 24 ,I walked back into the heat. I got into my car but had to wait to 25 because all the cars were lining up at the red light. I looked out of my car window and saw something on the pavement. A single butterfly was 26 fluttering (拍打) its wings but couldn't get off the ground. Besides, it was right in front of a truck's tire. Without a second thought, I got out of my car, 27 my hand so that the truck driver wouldn't move 28 ,and then bent down to look at the butterfly. One of its legs was 29 in what looked like spilt soda. I reached down and 30 the butterfly in my hands 31 . I lifted its leg and it was 32 . I opened my hands and up it flew towards the shining sun. My own eyes shined brighter and my own heart was 33 as I watched it.
Lots of people might wonder why I would step out into traffic like that to 34 a single butterfly. All I can say is that my heart was 35 me at that moment. And when I had done it, I felt more like my true self than I had all day.
21.A.dry B.straight C.wet D.broad
22.A.drove B.broke
C.headed D.jumped
23.A.gesture B.reaction C.greeting D.relief
24.A.purchase B.decision C.mind D.day
25.A.pull in B.speed up
C.pull out D.check out
26.A.happily B.softly
C.desperately D.casually
27.A.reached out B.held up
C.lay down D.put down
28.A.backwards B.sideways
C.around D.forwards
29.A.stuck B.placed C.fastened D.fitted
30.A.pushed B.cupped C.seized D.dropped
31.A.tightly B.forcefully
C.quickly D.gently
32.A.free B.awake C.blank D.dizzy
33.A.prouder B.lighter
C.softer D.heavier
34.A.rescue B.appreciate C.pity D.shelter
35.A.failing B.guiding
C.warning D.informing
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese scientists have developed a kind of plastic that degrades in sea water and could help slow down the 36 (increase) serious plastic pollution in the ocean.
The new plastic can degrade in sea water over a period ranging from a few days to several hundred days, 37 (leave) small parts that cause no pollution, said Wang Gexia, 38 is a senior engineer.
For a long time, people focused 39 white pollution on land. Plastic pollution in the sea only caught people's attention when more and more 40 (report) about marine animals dying from it appeared in recent years.
Scientists combined water dissolution and biodegradation processes 41 (design) and invent 42 new plastic.
The research 43 (select) as one of the winning projects at a contest. The contest encouraged young Chinese scientists to develop groundbreaking technologies and was intended to inspire creativity.
China has given top attention to 44 (environment) protection, contributing Chinese wisdom to 45 (resolve) global pollution problems.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假如你是李华,学校最近要组织一次英语演讲比赛,主题为“垃圾分类益处多”。请你根据此话题写一篇演讲稿。要点如下:
1.你的观点;
2.你的建议。
参考词汇:垃圾分类garbage classification
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
I woke up earlier than my brother as every other day of the week. I jumped out of the bed, got dressed, brushed my teeth, and had breakfast. Saying goodbye to my mother, I got in the car no later than 7:05. I got to school on time, while my brother came out of the house late as he used to.
It was a Thursday. I was walking to the chemistry room when my phone in my left pocket vibrated(震动). I took it out and looked at the shiny screen. As soon as I saw my father's name on the screen I realized something was wrong.
He would not call me in the middle of a school day just to talk. He would want me to focus in school and do well. I answered the phone, and my father sounded worried. He told me to find my brother as soon as possible, walk with him to the school picking-up zone and get in the car with my brother. Our driver would take us back home where my father was.
When I was in the car with my brother, my dad called the driver and told him to take us to the hospital. We were going to meet him and my mum there. As soon as my brother and I found out the change in plans, we looked at each other in the eyes. I immediately noticed the fear in my brother's eyes.
To be honest, I was really scared too, probably more than he was. But I did not say anything. We arrived at the hospital. I saw my dad waiting for us at the entrance. He was smoking. Seeing my dad smoking made me more worried. I had never seen him smoke before. He hated it. As soon as he recognized the white car, he threw the cigarette away. I looked at my brother;he was looking out of the other window. I did not tell him what I just saw. I did not want him to worry.
Paragraph 1:
The car stopped right in front of my dad.
Paragraph 2:
We walked down the hall with our eyes closed.
答案全解全析
1.B 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.D 7.B
8.D 9.B 10.C 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.C
15.D 16.F 17.A 18.G 19.B 20.D 21.C
22.C 23.D 24.A 25.C 26.C 27.B 28.D
29.A 30.B 31.D 32.A 33.B 34.A 35.B
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文,介绍了中国的长城、土耳其的棉花城堡、澳大利亚的大堡礁以及位于以色列和约旦边界的死海这四个著名的旅游景点以及其遭到破坏的情況。
1.B 细节理解题。由第四段的最后一句“To protect the terraces,the Turkish government has decided to pull down the hotels and require all tourists to visit this site barefoot.”中的 barefoot(赤脚地)可知,B项符合题意。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第六段最后两句“The heatwaves caused by global warming have killed half of the coral here in the past two years, according to a CNN report. Pollution from industry development and harmful fishing practices are also big concerns.”可知C项正确;由第二段中的“Besides wind and rain erosion, the main reasons for the destruction of the Great Wall are human factors such as tourism, construction, and human contact.”可以看出,长城受破坏的主要原因是人类因素,如旅游、建筑、人类触摸等,排除A项;由第四段中的“Before being listed as a World Heritage Site in 1988, Pamukkale had been severely damaged by human activities.”可以看出,棉花城堡在1988年以前就已经受到人类活动的破坏,排除B项;由第八段中的“...which has lost half of its surface area in the past 40 years.”可以判断,死海面积的减少是在近40年,排除D项。
3.D 推理判断题。综观全文,四个景点中并非全部是自然景点(natural spots),如长城,故可排除A项;这些景点遭到破坏并非全都是因为人类活动,还有自然原因,故排除B项;文中只提及了棉花城堡的破坏引起了政府关注,故排除C项。文中对四个景点的介绍都提到了其被破坏的情况,而且破坏程度都不小,故D项(它们都遭到了严重破坏。)符合题意。
【高频词汇】 1.invasion n.入侵;侵略 2.ambitious adj.宏大的;费力的;有抱负的;有野心的;艰巨的 3.perfection n.完美
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。作者叙述了自己鼓起勇气辞掉了律师的工作,投身于自己喜欢的写作事业中,并在该领域收获颇丰。作者想告诉我们改变带来机遇。
4.C 推理判断题。由第一段中的“But I always knew that being a writer was never possible for me because it was a better financial decision to stay a lawyer.”可知,律师比作家挣得多。故C选项正确。
5.B 推理判断题。由第二段中的“Recently, I couldn t fall asleep at my usual time of 10 p.m. and when I did fall asleep I had the same dream over and over again.”及“Then a light shines through the water and when I look up all I can see is myself in a bright white room writing a novel. Then I hear a voice say repeatedly, ‘Now it is time to try something new!’”可知,第二段主要通过梦境讲述作者成为作家的强烈愿望。故B选项正确。
6.D 推理判断题。由画线部分后面的“My life started at 30, and since that point I haven t stopped enjoying life.”可知,作者辞去律师的工作后非常高兴。故D选项正确。
7.B 主旨大意题。综观全文并结合末段“Change is a good thing;it gives us an opportunity to take a chance. So my two favorite words I live by and so should you are ‘change’ and ‘chance’.”可知,文章最好的标题是“改变和机遇”。故B选项正确。
【高频词汇】 1.financial adj.财务的;金融的,财政的
2.repeatedly adv.反复地,屡次地 3.definitely adv.清楚地;明确地;当然;确实
原句 But I always knew that being a writer was never possible for me because it was a better financial decision to stay a lawyer.
句意 但我一直知道,当一名作家对我来说是从来都不可能的,因为继续做律师在经济上是一个更好的决定。
分析 that引导宾语从句;being a writer是动名词短语作主语;because引导原因状语从句,其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式短语to stay a lawyer。
C
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。由于塑料瓶的使用不但浪费金钱,还造成环境污染,Skipping Rocks Lab发明了一种可以食用的装水的包装材料Ooho。本文介绍了Ooho的使用方法、运输方法以及制作成本等,并展望了其市场前景。
8.D 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知,在美国只有23%的塑料最终到了回收箱,这意味着每年有价值超过10亿美元的塑料被视为垃圾。据此可知,在美国,大部分塑料被浪费了,故D项正确。
9.B 细节理解题。根据第二段尾句可知,由于太多塑料的使用对环境有害,因此Skipping Rocks Lab发明了一种可以食用的包装材料Ooho以保护环境,故B项正确。
10.C 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知,该产品的制造成本比塑料瓶低,据此可推知,该产品的售价也可能比塑料瓶低,故C项正确;由第二段中的One problem the scientists have run into is how to ship lots of Ooho bubbles without arriving with a very wet truck.可以判断,在运输过程中遇到了问题,所以A项错误;B、D两项的内容在文中没有提及。
11.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知,Ooho吸引了很多人的注意,在三天时间内就得到了1,000位投资者的投资,筹集到100多万美元;再结合最后一段最后一句可推知,作者在最后一段想要表达的是在未来Ooho一定能获得成功,故A项正确。
【高频词汇】 1.account for解释;是……的原因 2.apply for申请;请求 3.advancement n.前进;发展 4.investor n.投资者
D
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了可可树因为气候变化而面临灭绝的危险,现在科学家们正在努力研究新的可可树品种来适应变化的气候。
12.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Over half of the world s chocolate comes from just two countries in West Africa—C te d Ivoire and Ghana—where the temperature, rain, and humidity provide the perfect conditions for cacao to grow.可知,世界上一半以上的巧克力来自西非的科特迪瓦和加纳这两个国家,因此巧克力主要由非洲国家生产。故选B项。
13.B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的But rising temperatures over the next three decades caused by climate change are expected to result in a loss of water from the ground, which scientists say could upset this balance.可知,未来30年,预计气候变化造成的气温上升将导致地面失水,这可能会破坏可可树生长环境的平衡。再结合第三段中的According to the related data, a temperature rise of just 2.1 ℃ could spell an end for the chocolate industry worldwide by 2050.可知,可可树很可能灭绝的原因是气候变化引起的缺水。故选B项。
14.C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句If the team s work on the cacao plant is successful, it could remove the need for farmers in West Africa to relocate to higher ground, and perhaps even allow cacao to be grown elsewhere in the world.可知,如果该项目取得成功,西非农民就不用搬迁到高地了,甚至可能允许可可树在世界其他地方种植。由此看出,作者支持该项目,且对该项目抱有很大希望。故选C项。
15.D 推理判断题。根据文章的内容和文体形式综合分析,本文与科学研究和环境有关,由此判断这篇文章很有可能来自一本杂志。故选D项。
【高频词汇】 1.currently adv.当前 2.preserve vt.保护;保存 3.benefit vi.得益于vt.使受益 n.益处 4.capable adj.有能力的
原句 Chocolate could soon be a thing of the past after scientists warning that the cacao plant, from which chocolate is made, could be extinct within 32 years.
句意 科学家警告称,巧克力的原料可可树可能会在32年内灭绝,鉴于这一警告,巧克力可能很快就会成为过去的东西。
分析 句中warning后面跟的是由that引导的同位语从句。from which 引导的是非限制性定语从句,修饰the cacao plant。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文中就如何减少白色污染给出了几条建议。
16.F 本段意在说明塑料在日常生活中随处可见,并举出了食品包装等例子。据此可判断空处应该与前几句是并列或递进关系,也是说塑料的存在形式,F项提到一种塑料的形式,即口香糖,符合文意,故选F。
17.A 根据文章结构可知,此处为该段的小标题。由全段内容可知,这里讲的是塑料吸管(plastic straws)的问题。故答案为A。
18.G 空处所在段讲的是关于拒绝使用塑料吸管的话题。空处上句的意思是“拒绝不了吸管带来的便利 ”,空处下句表示“如果餐厅工作人员看到你带了自己的(吸管),他们就不太可能会给你一根塑料吸管。”,据此可确定这里建议读者自己带吸管,故选G。
19.B 空处所在段的小标题表示“使用能重复使用的袋子”,空处上句是说不要使用尼龙或聚酯纤维材质的袋子。结合选项可确定这里要讲提倡使用的袋子,故选B。
20.D 由空处所在段的小标题判断,该段讲的是关于火柴的问题。分析各选项可知,只有D项(选择火柴而不是塑料打火机。)与之相符,故答案为D。
【高频词汇】 1.recyclable adj.可回收利用的;可再循环的
2.dramatically adv.巨大地;突然地;戏剧性地;引人注目地
3.purchase vt.购买
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者救助一只被困在人行道上的蝴蝶的经历。这个故事告诉我们要善待我们周边的小动物。
21.C 上文提到雷雨刚刚过去,故人行道上应该是“潮湿的”。这里指蒸汽从潮湿的人行道上升腾起来。此处不强调人行道是“直的”或“宽的”。
22.C 此处动词head意为“朝(某方向)行进”。
23.D 根据语境可知,此处指商店内的空调给来自外面炎热的天气的人们带来了一些缓解(relief)。
24.A 上文提到,作者去当地的商店给儿子买衬衫,由此可知此处应表示完成购买,故选择A项。此处purchase是名词,意为“购买,购置”。make a purchase是固定短语,意为“购买,采购”。
25.C 上文提到作者停车后去当地的商店给儿子买衬衫。买完东西后应该是把车从停车场“开出来(pull out)”。
26.C 根据上下文及生活常识可知,此处应该选择C项,表示当时那只蝴蝶“拼命地(desperately)”拍打翅膀。
27.B 根据语境可知此处表达的是作者“举起(hold up)”手示意卡车司机先不要往前开车。
28.D 根据上文it was right in front of a truck s tire可知,此处应该选择D项,表示作者示意卡车司机不要往前(forwards)开车,以免碾压了那只蝴蝶。
29.A 根据语境可知,此处表达的是作者发现那只蝴蝶的一条腿“被粘(be stuck)”在看上去像是洒了的苏打水的东西里面。
30.B 此处cup用作动词,意为“使(双手)成圆状托起”。这里指作者用手托起那只蝴蝶。
31.D 结合语境可知,作者应该是把那只蝴蝶“轻轻地(gently)”捧在手里。
32.A 上文提到蝴蝶的一条腿被困住了,动弹不得,当作者轻轻地将它被困的腿从地面上拿起后,蝴蝶就“自由(free)”了。
33.B 此处表示当作者目睹蝴蝶获得了自由后,作者自己的眼睛也更加明亮,心情也轻松了很多。此处light意为“愉快的;无忧无虑的,快活的”。
34.A 根据上文内容可知,作者“救(rescue)”了一只被困在看上去像是苏打水的东西里面的蝴蝶。
35.B 句意:我能说的就是当时我的内心在指引着我(这么做)。此处guide用作动词,意为“指导,影响(某人的行为)”。
【高频词汇】 1.extremely adv.极其,极端地 2.line up排队 3.pavement n.人行道
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。中国科学家研制出一种新塑料,这种塑料可以在海水中降解,并有助于减缓海洋中日益严重的塑料污染。
36.increasingly 考查副词。句意:中国科学家研制出了一种可以在海水中降解的塑料,这种塑料可以帮助减缓海洋中日益严重的塑料污染。该空后为形容词 serious,应用副词修饰,故答案为 increasingly。
37.leaving 考查非谓语动词。句意:高级工程师王格霞说,这种新塑料可以在几天到几百天的时间里在海水中降解,只留下不会造成污染的小部件。该句中已有谓语动词,此处应为非谓语动词,且此处表示自然而然的结果,所以使用其现在分词leaving表示结果。
38.who 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为人,且在从句中作主语,故答案为who。
39.on 考查介词。句意:在很长一段时间里,人们把注意力集中在陆地上的白色污染上。focus on把注意力集中于……。
40.reports 考查名词的数。此处指出现了越来越多的关于海洋动物死于塑料污染的报道。“more and more+可数名词复数”表示“越来越多的……”。故填reports。
41.to design 考查动词不定式。句意:科学家们将水的溶解和生物降解过程结合起来设计并发明了这种新塑料。此处应用动词不定式表目的,故答案为to design。
42.the 考查冠词。这里表示特指,指的是上文提到的科学家发明的这种新塑料,应用定冠词the。
43.was selected 考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:这项研究被选为竞赛的一个获奖项目。这里讲的是过去的事情,时态应用一般过去时;由句意可知这里表示被动,主语是The research,故答案为was selected。
44.environmental 考查形容词。句意:中国高度重视环境保护,为解决全球污染贡献了中国智慧。 protection为名词,用形容词修饰,故答案为 environmental。
45.resolving 考查动名词。句意见上题。contribute在此处意为“增添,增加”,contribute...to...表示“增添……到……中”,其中to为介词,其后应用动名词形式。故填resolving。
【高频词汇】 1.range from...to... 在……和……之间变动
2.groundbreaking adj.开创性的 3.wisdom n.智慧
原句 The new plastic can degrade in sea water over a period ranging from a few days to several hundred days, leaving small parts that cause no pollution, said Wang Gexia, who is a senior engineer.
句意 高级工程师王格霞说,这种新塑料可以在几天到几百天的时间里在海水中降解,只留下不会造成污染的小部件。
分析 现在分词短语ranging from a few days to several hundred days作定语,修饰a period;现在分词短语leaving small parts that cause no pollution在句中作状语,表示结果;定语从句that cause no pollution修饰先行词small parts;定语从句who is a senior engineer修饰先行词Wang Gexia。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Hello, everyone!
I m glad to have this chance to share some ideas about garbage classification with you.
In my opinion, the earth is home to every individual, and it s our duty to protect the environment voluntarily. By sorting waste, we can not only reduce pollution but also conserve energy, which will pave the way for the recycling of valuable resources. For the sake of our environment and life, we are expected to learn to sort rubbish and make it a habit. Every individual can make a difference and let s bring a brighter future for the planet!
Thank you!
第二节
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
The car stopped right in front of my dad. He opened the door and I jumped out of the car and hugged him. He noticed that I was worried and with a smile on his face he told us he had a surprise for us. What good things happened in hospital When we approached the ward, my dad told my brother and me to close our eyes and hold his hands. So we did. His warm hands made us feel more secure.
Paragraph 2:
We walked down the hall with our eyes closed. Suddenly we stopped. When we walked into the room, Father told us to open our eyes. We saw our mother lying on the bed. Tears welled up in my eyes, but I was not in pain. Right next to my mother was the most beautiful thing I had ever seen. It was a girl. She was sleeping. She was my sister. I still remember that day as one of the happiest days of my life.