人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists Words and Expressions(上) 课件(48张ppt)

(共48张PPT)
words and expressions
（上）
cholera ['k l r ]: n. 霍乱
severe [s 'v (r)]: adj. 极为恶劣的; 十分严重的; 严厉的
a severe winter/weather condition 严冬/恶劣天气状况
cause severe damage 造成严重的破坏
severe diseases/injuries 严重的疾病/伤势
severely adv.严重地；严格地，严厉地
severely disabled严重残疾的
a severely critical report一篇措辞严厉的批评报道
This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death.
suffer severe losses ________
The president came under _____________ (严厉的批评) for his inability to tackle the crisis.
His chest suffered ___________ (严重的伤害) in the accident.
A fire has ________ (severe) damaged the warehouse.
遭到惨败
severe criticism
severe injuries
severely
diarrhoea [ da 'r ]: n. 腹泻
dehydration [ di ha 'dre n] n. 脱水
frustrated [fr 'stre t d]: adj. 懊恼的; 沮丧的; 失意的
feel/get frustrated 感到沮丧/挫败
be frustrated at/with　　因/对……灰心丧气
a frustrated artist 不得志的艺术家
frustrate vt.挫败；阻挠，使感到灰心
frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的
frustration n. 懊恼；沮丧；令人沮丧的事物
frustrate one's plan 挫败某人的计划
with frustration 沮丧地
As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.
①He was disabled from birth, but he never felt _______ (frustrate), nor did he give in to any difficulty.
②They felt frustrated _____ the lack of progress.
③A poor memory frustrated her efforts ________ (become) an actress.
frustrated
at/with
to become
v. n. adj. adj.
frighten fright frigntening frightened
surprise surprise surprising surprised
confuse confusion- confusing- confused
amaze amazment amazing zmazed
excite excitement exciting excited
disappoint-disappointment-disappointing-disappointed
embarrass embarrassment embarrassing embarrass
once and for all: 最终地; 彻底地
(熟词生义：“最后一次”，强调不耐烦）
We need to settle this once and for all.
我们需要把这事一次解决。
She warned jim once and for all.
她最后一次警告吉姆。
Why don't you talk with him and tackle the issue__________(一劳永逸地)
in all 总共（=in total=altogether) after all 毕竟，终究
all in all 总而言之 above all 最重要的是
contradictory [ k ntr 'd kt ri]
adj. 相互矛盾的; 对立的; 不一致的
搭配： be contradictory to 与------矛盾/对立
What he did was contradictory to what he said.
(1)self contradictory/contradict oneself 自相矛盾的
contradictory information 矛盾信息
(2)contradict each other 互相矛盾
contradict to/with... 和---对比；同---矛盾
contradict sb. 与某人唱反调；反驳某人
(3)in contradiction to/with... 与……相矛盾/相反
contradiction between A and B A与B之间的矛盾
In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.
contradictory [ k ntr 'd kt ri]
adj. 相互矛盾的; 对立的; 不一致的
①We are faced with two apparently___________ (contradict) statements.
②People found this sort of _________ (contradict) reality hard to accept.
③He kept _________ (contradict) himself when we were arguing—I think he was a bit confused.
一句多译：与法律相矛盾的文件将被修改。
Documents that are contradictory to the law will be revised.
Documents that are in contradiction to the law will be revised .
Documents that contradict with/to the law will be revised.
contradictory
contradictory
contradicting
infection [ n'fek n] n. 感染；传染
infect [ n'fekt] v. 使感染; 传染
have/get/develop an infection 受到感染
suffer from an infection 患上感染/传染病
treat/fight an infection 治疗/抵御感染
spread an infection 传播传染病
the source of an infection 传染源
infect ---with--把---传染给---；使---感染（某种感情）
She infected the whole class with her laughter.
infected adj.带菌的；感染病菌的
infectious adj. 感染的，传染性的
Laughter is one of the most infectious expresions of emotion.笑是最具感染力的情感表达方式之一。
The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.
infection [ n'fek n] n. 感染；传染
infect [ n'fekt] v. 使感染; 传染
①White blood cells fight ________ (infect).
②Every year, there are people unlucky enough to be infected ____ the flu.
③Some people didn't bother about it because they didn't think they could ________ (infect).
4. She infected the children with her enthusiasm for music. 她对音乐的热爱感染了孩子们。
5. There was no danger of transmitting the infection through operation.
不存在通过手术传播这种传染病的风险。
infection
with
be infected
germ [d m]: n 微生物; 细菌; 病菌
bacterium / b k t ri m /
bacteria(复数)
subscribe [s b'skra b]
v. 认购(股份); 定期订购; 定期缴纳(会费)
subscribe to...同意; 赞同
subscribe to a view/theory 赞同一个观点/理论
subscribe to a magazine 订阅杂志
Only mad people would subscribe to such views.
To find more audio news, please subscribe to China Daily. 想了解更多音频新闻，请订阅《中国日报》。
He subscribe regularly to charity. 定期捐款。
subscription n. 捐助；订阅 annual-, take out-,cancel/renew-
subscriber n.订阅人；定期捐款者；用户 a-to
同意：approve of, agree with
proof [pru f] n. 证据; 证明; 检验
熟词生义-（构成合成词）防---的；抗--的
waterproof, oilproof,rainproof,windproof..
proof of... ……的证据/证明 proof of identity 身份证明
have some proof that... 有一些证据……
proof of purchase 购买凭证
provide/give proof 提供证据
be living proof of sth./that..(用行动或品格)证明--属实
It was correct, but he still needed proof.
①They say they have scientific proof _____ the treatment works.
②Everyone has an ability to create proof ___ their talent, knowledge and skills.
③Proof ___ purchase must _________ (provide) before a refund can be made.
4. He is living proof that not all engineers are boring. (活生生的证明---）
that
of
of
be provided
prove v.证实，证明；证明是，结果是；
1.prove+名词/代词
He has proved his courage in the battle.他己在作战中证明了他的勇气.
2.prove+直接宾语(sth.)+to+间接宾语(sb.)
Can you prove your theory to us 你能向我们证实你的理论吗？
3.prove+宾语＋宾语补足语 （证明自己是...）
prove sb +形容词/名词
He proved himeself brave/he proved himself a success.
prove sb to be
All this proved him to be an honest man.
multiple ['m lt pl] adj. 数量多的; 多种多样的
n.连锁商店（=multiple/chain store)
multiply / m lt pla / v.乘；增加；繁殖
multiply A by B A乘以B
multiple crash 连环撞车
multiple-choice questions多选题
multiple meanings 多个含义
multiplication table 乘法表
multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的　n．倍数
What do you get if you multiply six by nine
These creatures can multiply quickly.
We must multiply our efforts to explore the future.
我们必须加倍努力，探索未来。
We must multiply our efforts to explore the future and seek truths.
①The director won ______ (multiply) awards for the movie.
②10 is a multiple ____5.
③If you multiply 7 _____3, you will get 21.
④Joy ________ (multiply) when it is ______ (share) among friends.
multiple
of
by
multiplies
shared
前缀 multi- 可加在单词前构成新词，其含义是 “多的”“多倍的”。
例如：multiple 多个的
multi-cultural 多元文化的
multimedia 多媒体
multifunctional多功能的
multi-national多国的
multicoloured 多彩的 / 五彩斑斓的
multitask 同时处理多项任务
pump [p mp] n. 泵; 抽水机; 打气筒
water pump 水泵
household n．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人
poor/wealthy households 贫穷/富裕家庭
high income/low income households 高/低收入家庭
household goods/products 家庭用品
However, some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths.
①电子设备的平均数量从1992年的每户4台上升到2007年的每户13台。
The average number of electronic devices rose from four ___________ in 1992 to 13 in 2007.
②那些家庭按一家之主的职业来分类。
Those families are classified ________________________________．
per household
by the occupation of the head of the household
suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任
n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做)某事
suspect (that)... 怀疑/认为---
suspect...to be/as 怀疑……是……
The police suspect him of occupying the house illegally. 怀疑非法占据
①Some people suspected him ___ theft.
②The police suspected the designer _____ (be) the murderer.
③Two ________ (suspect) in connection with the killing are now being questioned.
4. I began to suspect (that) they were trying to get rid of me.
我开始察觉出，他们试图摆脱掉我。
of
to be
suspects
suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任
n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做)某事
常用“动词+sb.+of sth.”的结构：
convince sb of sth 使某人相信
inform sb of sth通知某人某事
warn sb. of sth 警告某人某事
cure sb. of sth. 治某人的病；改掉某人的坏习惯
remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事
accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事
blame [ble m] v. 把…归咎于...; 责怪; 指责
n. 责备; 指责
(1)blame sb. for (doing) sth. 责备某人(做)某事
blame sth. on... 把某事归咎于……
be to blame (for sth.) (对某事)负有责任
(2)take/bear the blame for... 对……承担责任
put/lay/place the blame for sth. on...
把某事归咎于……
①She doesn't blame anyone ___ her father's death.
②The narrator was ________ (blame) for the wrong interpretation.
③We were ready to take the blame _____what had happened.
④They think the blame should be placed _____the conductor.
5.health officials put the blame for the disease on poor housing.
for
to blame
for
on
handle n．把手；拉手；柄　vt.处理(＝deal with)；(用手)触，拿，搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
(1)the handle of a knife 刀柄
turn the handle 转动把手
a broom handle 扫帚把
(2)handle sth. well/perfectly/badly/poorly 处理某事好/完美/不好/很差
handle a problem 处理问题
He refused to allow his secretary to handle secret documents.
①The police are expert at ________ (handle) conflicts like this.
②Some people are brilliant with computers, but have no idea how _______ (handle) other people.
③____________ (转动把手) and you will open the safe.
handling
to handle
Turn the handle
intervention [ nt 'ven n]: n. 介入; 出面; 干涉
intervene / nt vi n / v.干预，干涉；干扰，阻挠；
We may have to intervene militarily in the area.
我们可能只好对这一地区进行军事干涉。
The security forces had to intervene to prevent the situation worsening.
那些安全部队不得不干预以阻止形势变得更糟。
They blamed the failure on John's intervention.
他们把失败的责任归咎于约翰的干涉。
link n．联系；纽带　vt.把……连接起来；相关联
(1)a link between...(and...)
(……与)……之间的联系/纽带
There is a link between... and...
……和……之间有联系
(2) 把A与B连接/联系起来
link ...to/with...把...与...连接/联系起来
be linked with/to 与……有联系/有关
link up (with) (与……)结合，连接
Is there a link between poverty and crime
①Regular air traffic links the city ______ the rest of the country.
②High unemployment is not necessarily linked _____ the rise in prices.
③There are a lot of wireless ____(link) in a radio.
④The television camera ________ (link) to a computer.
to/with
to/with
links
is linked
link n．联系；纽带　vt.把……连接起来；相关联
be linked with/to 与……有联系/有关
“把---与---连接/联系起来”的其他表达：
be related to,
be involved in,
be associated with,
have something to do with,
be connected with,
join---to---,
connect---with/to---
raw [r ] adj. 未煮的; 生的; 未经处理的; 原始的;工作生疏的，不熟练的
Raw meat must be kept separate from cooked meat.
She uses her childhood as raw material for this novel.
It is obvious that the graduate is raw to his work.
pure [pj (r)] adj. 干净的; 纯的; 纯粹的
purify / pj r fa /v.使（某物）洁净，净化；变纯净；洗涤（思想），净化（心灵）；提纯，精炼
purity / pj r ti / n.洁净，纯净；纯洁，清白 ；
The sheets are 100% pure cotton.
这些被单是100%的纯棉。
lotus can also help to purify the water quality, reduce pollution and improve environment.
荷花还可净化水质、减少污染、改善环境。
White has always been a symbol of purity in Western cultures.在西方文化中，白色一向象征纯洁。
-fy结尾动词
classify 分类
simplify 简化
satisfy 使满意
beautify 美化
clarify 澄清
substantial [s b'st n l] adj. 大量的; 价值巨大的; 重大的
substantial sums of money 大笔大笔的钱
a substantial number of/substantial numbers of 相当多的
a substantial change/profit/increase 重大变化/厚利/大幅度增长
a substantial meal 丰盛的饭菜
He made substantial donations to charity.
他做了大量的慈善捐赠。
Substantial numbers of people support the reforms.
相当多的人支持这些改革措施。
decrease n．减少；降低；减少量　
vt. & vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
(1)a decrease in... 在……方面减少
on the decrease 在减少(反义短语：on the increase在增加)
(2)decrease (from...) to... (从……)减少到……(表示减少后的量)
decrease by... 减少了……(表示减少的量)
decrease in... 在---方面减少
There has been some decrease in unemployment rate.
①The number of students in each class is ______ the decrease.
②The decrease _____ sales was almost 20 percent.
③The production of wheat has decreased ______ 20% because of the dry weather.
4. They decrease the size of the group from 25 to 15.
on
in
by
thanks to ...: 幸亏; 由于
owing to 由于（常作状语和表语，可与due to互换）
due to 由于 （较正式，常用于官方，公开声明中）
because of 由于 (后常接人或事物，强调某事发生的原因，作状语）
as a result of 由于（常用在有上下文的情况下，作状语）
statistic [st 't st k] n. (复数)统计数字; 统计资料; 统计学
statistical / st t st k( )l /adj. 统计的，统计学的
statistically / st t st kli /adv.统计地；统计学上
transform [tr ns'f m]v. 使改观; 使改变形态; 改变; 转变
transform...(from...)into...把---（从---）变成---
transform...with...用---改变---
This special seat can be transformed into a bed.
We can transform the world with our knowledge.
transformation n. (彻底的）转变，改观
transformative adj.有改革能力的，起改造作用的
epidemiology [ ep di mi' l d i]: n. 流行病学
epidemic / ep dem k / n.流行病，传染病；adj.盛行的，泛滥的
epidemical / ep dem k l /adj.传染病的；流行性的
microscope ['ma kr sk p] n. 显微镜
thinking n．思想；思维；见解
creative thinking 创造性思维
independent thinking 独立思考
do some thinking 思考
to my (way of) thinking 据我的观点，依我看
without thinking 不假思索
Immediately he begins to speak, his clear thinking will impress you.
①__________________ (在我看来), health is more important than anything else.
②________________ (独立思考) is a necessary skill for all leaders.
③The ________ (think) behind the campaign is to help people to realise the importance of environmental protection.
④Critical ________ (think) and creative ________ (think) are very important and necessary for a student in college.
To my way of thinking
Independent thinking
thinking
thinking
thinking
protein ['pr ti n]: n. 蛋白质
cell [sel] n. 细胞; 小房间; 单间牢房
virus ['va r s] n. 病毒
finding n．发现；调查结果；研究结果；(法律)判决
the findings of the survey 调查发现
fact finding 查明事实；实地调查
direction finding 测向；[电子]探向
What was the finding that Snow announced
①The ________ (find) ______ the committee will be published tomorrow.
②I'm moving, so I need boxes ________ my ________ (belong).
③He keeps all his ________ (save) in the bank.
findings
of
for
belongings
savings
initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的 n．(姓名的)首字母
the initial stage/phase/period 最初阶段
the initial stages of the disease 疾病的早期阶段
my initial reaction 我最初的反应
After the initial cheers, the noise of the crowd began to die away as the band started playing.
①My ________ (initially) reaction was to refuse.
②George Bernard Shaw was well known by his ________ (initial) GBS.
③She came ________ (initial) to spend a few days, but in the end she stayed for a whole month.
initial
initials
initially
vaccine ['v ksi n]: n. 疫苗
vaccinate / v ks ne t /v. 给……接种疫苗；接种疫苗
vaccination / v ks ne ( )n / n. 接种疫苗，种痘
vaccinator / v ks ne t (r) /n.牛痘接种员,接种器
framework ['fre mw k] n. 框架; 结构
theoretical framework 理论框架