2023届高三英语二轮复习:主谓一致课件-(18张ppt)
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| 名称 | 2023届高三英语二轮复习:主谓一致课件-(18张ppt) |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-11-13 18:16:44 | ||
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(共18张PPT)
高考复习 主谓一致
汇报人：创妹
目录
01
语法一致原则
03
意义一致原则
02
就近一致原则
04
做题策略
单句语法填空
1.（2020.天津卷）A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city ____(be)in favour of the proposal for health care reform.
2.Every minute ______(count).You should cherish every day you own.
3.There _____(be)several steps before I got special plastic card.
4.Animal products like pearls and silk _________(serve) as decoration for many years.
5.(2020.新高考卷Ⅰ）The parts of a museum open to the public________（call)galleries or room.
6. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)This is why decorating with plants，fruits and flowers__________
(carry) special significance.
7. (2019·江苏卷)The musician along with his band members_________(give) ten performances in the last three months.
8. (2021· 全国甲卷)One of the questions _____：Who will you go in times of trouble？
Warming up
were
counts
were
have served
are called
carries
has given
is
语法一致原则
主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1．动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
①Getting enough vitamin D is important for the normal growth of bones.(动名词作做主语）
吃足够的维他命D对骨头正常的生长很重要。
②Everything is in a complete mess, which drives people crazy.（不定代词作主语）
所有的事情都毫无头绪，让人发疯。
③What he said is far from the truth.（从句作主语）
他的话与事实相差太远了。
④To see is to believe.（动词不定式作主语）
眼见为实
2．主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than，including，in addition to等，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
I think Tom, rather than you is to blame for the accident.
我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。
语法一致原则
3．and，both... and...连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
Steam and ice are different forms of water.
蒸汽和冰是水的不同形式。
4．定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。
①This is one of the novels that have ever been written by Mo Yan.
这是莫言所写的小说之一。
②She is the only one of the girls who sings well in class.
她是班里女生中唯一一个歌唱得很好的。
(one of +可数名词+定语从句结构中，定语从句的谓语动词要用复数；而在“the only one of +
复数名词+定语从句”结构中，“the only one of +复数名词+定语从句”的定于从句的谓语动词要用单数
He is one of the students who get there on time
He is the only one of the students who gets there on time.
语法一致原则
5．“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each, every, no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。
①Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process.
很多父母都被迫经历了这一段痛苦的过程。
②Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held on Sunday.
每个男生和女生都希望参加周日的聚会。
6．在强调句型“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分”中，当被强调部分是句子主语时，“其他成分”中的谓语动词需和被强调的主语保持一致。
①It is I who am a teacher.我才是老师。
②It is the boys who are responsible for the accident.是这些男孩应为这次事故负责。
语法一致原则
7.half of，the rest of，most of ,all of 及百分数或分数+of等后接名词作主语时，谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定。
Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.
地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖。
8.all指人时，动词用复数；all指物时，动词用单数
All are present and all is going well.(全部都到场了，一切进展顺利）
9．the following作主语时，谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致。
The following are good examples.(下面是一些好例子）
10.当百分数，分数后面加名词或代词时，要根据这个名词或代词来决定其谓语动词的单复数形式。如果是复数名词或代词，谓语动词用复数；如果是单数名词（或不可数名词）或代词，谓语动词用单数。 Fifty percent ofthestudents in our school are girls.
语法一致原则
11.由“kind/form/type/sort +of+ 名词”作主语时，其位于形式取决于of前的这些词的单复数形式。
The type of buses is now on show.
Buses of this kind are now on show.
12.a number of +名词复数+谓语复数形式（许多）
the number of +名词复数+谓语动词单数形式（...的数量）
A number of the students are from the south.
The number of the students is 58.
13.a quantity of 后既可接复数名词，也可接不可数名词。如果a quantity of接不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果是可数名词复数，则谓语动词通常用复数形式；quantities of后接复数名词或不可数名词，后面的谓语动词都用复数。
在此输入标题
exercise
1.(2019.天津卷）Amy，as well as her brothers, _____ (be)given a warm weilcome when returning to the village last week.
2.She believes those small acts of kindness makes her full of love and power, which ________(allow) her to stay optimistic.
3.More than one student______ ______(fail) the exam.
4.She is the only one of the girls who______( sing )well in class.
5.Many a child ________(take) what their parents do for them for granted.
6.What I want to do ______(be) to work hard to get promoted.
7.The day after tomorrow ,I, as well as my friends Zhang Ming and Li Hua，________(be) going to buy books.
was
allow
has failed
sings
takes
is
sings
1．由or，either...or..., neither... nor..., not only... but (also)．..，not... but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。
①Either you or I am going to be in charge of this matter.
或者你或者我要负责这件事。
②Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.
不仅学生而且老师也喜欢这部电影。
就近一致原则
就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。
在此输入标题
exercise
1.Neither my parents nor my younger sister ______ (be) at home today.
2.There ______(be) some girls in the classroom and a teacher was reading a book.
3.Not only Jane but also her friends _______(be) fond of the new film The Battle at Lake Changjin,which is popular at present.
4.Not you but Lucy_____________(praise)by the teacher yesterday.
5.Either the cat or the dogs_______________(realize) the danger since the hen was killed.
is
were
are
was praised
have realized
意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数
还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词
的单复数。
1．形式为单数但意义为复数概念的police，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The police have not made any arrests.
警方未逮捕任何人。
意义一致原则
2．表示一类人的the poor/rich/dead/injured/wounded等和“the＋姓氏复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
①The rich are to help the poor.
富人应该帮助穷人。
②The Greens are going to London.
格林一家要去伦敦。
3．表示某国人总称的the Chinese, the British, the Irish等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The Chinese are hard－working.
中国人民是勤劳的。
4．诸如maths，physics，politics，news等以“－s”结尾却表示单数或不可数概念的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
①Physics is my favorite subject.
物理是我最喜欢的科目。
②Bad news has wings.坏事传千里。
5．单复数同形的名词，如sheep，deer，means，works(工厂)等作主语时，谓语动词的数与实际意义一致。
①Three sheep are eating grass there.
三只羊正在那里吃草。
②A sheep is lying there.
有只羊正躺在那里。
6．集体名词，如family，class，crew, team, group, audience，committee，crowd，government等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要根据主语所指的意义而定。当集体名词被作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词用单数；如果指其中各个成员时，谓语动词用复数。
①The whole class consists of twenty－five boys and twenty girls.(强调class这一整体)
这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。
②The whole class are doing experiments.(强调class里的各个成员)
全班学生正在做实验。
意义一致原则
7.表示时间，距离，金钱等的复数名词作主语表达一个整体概念时，谓语动词常用单数，但若强调数量，谓语动词可用复数。
One million dollars is a lot of money.
8.有些用orts,scissors)等作主语时，前面若有“一条”，“一副”，“一把”之类的单位词，动词用单数；若没有单位词或单位词是复数，则位于动词用复数：
The shoes are all right.
9.One and a half +名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数
One and a half apples is left on the table.
10.One or two more+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数
One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work.
exercise
1．The teacher and poet often __________ (give) lectures around the city.
2．Two thirds of the books __________ (be) about science.
3．As far as I know，his family__________ not very large but the family_______ all music lovers.(be)
4．The poor__________ (be) looked down upon in the old days.
5．All the means __________ (try) since he came to power.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The Smiths is going to attend the conference this afternoon.__________
2．Politics were what he was interested in when he was in college.__________
gives
is
is
are
were
have been tried
is改为are
were改为was
解题
策略
1.重视特殊情况
主谓一致的误用主要体现在三大原则的特殊情况中。如用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，如：bread and butter(黄油抹面包)，knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
主谓一致考查非谓语动词或从句作主语时、特殊名词(特别是由特定连词连接的名词)作主语时、就近原则与就远原则时，以及倒装句和定语从句中的特殊情况，因此考生除了知道基础语法的同时，还应加强留意特殊情况的积累、纠错。
2.重视时态和语态
主谓一致的考查往往结合时态、语态，所给词为句子的谓语，考生解此类试题中经常会出现时态、语态错误导致主谓一致问题关注的同时仍然失分。
首先判断设空处是否作谓语，如果作谓语，应考虑该题考查动词的时态、语态、主谓一致。如果设空处不作谓语，应考虑使用动词的非谓语形式。如果设空处作谓语，先确定该空的时态，再考虑该空的语态，最后考虑主谓一致问题。
Thank
you
高考复习 主谓一致
汇报人：创妹
目录
01
语法一致原则
03
意义一致原则
02
就近一致原则
04
做题策略
单句语法填空
1.（2020.天津卷）A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city ____(be)in favour of the proposal for health care reform.
2.Every minute ______(count).You should cherish every day you own.
3.There _____(be)several steps before I got special plastic card.
4.Animal products like pearls and silk _________(serve) as decoration for many years.
5.(2020.新高考卷Ⅰ）The parts of a museum open to the public________（call)galleries or room.
6. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)This is why decorating with plants，fruits and flowers__________
(carry) special significance.
7. (2019·江苏卷)The musician along with his band members_________(give) ten performances in the last three months.
8. (2021· 全国甲卷)One of the questions _____：Who will you go in times of trouble？
Warming up
were
counts
were
have served
are called
carries
has given
is
语法一致原则
主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1．动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
①Getting enough vitamin D is important for the normal growth of bones.(动名词作做主语）
吃足够的维他命D对骨头正常的生长很重要。
②Everything is in a complete mess, which drives people crazy.（不定代词作主语）
所有的事情都毫无头绪，让人发疯。
③What he said is far from the truth.（从句作主语）
他的话与事实相差太远了。
④To see is to believe.（动词不定式作主语）
眼见为实
2．主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than，including，in addition to等，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
I think Tom, rather than you is to blame for the accident.
我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。
语法一致原则
3．and，both... and...连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
Steam and ice are different forms of water.
蒸汽和冰是水的不同形式。
4．定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。
①This is one of the novels that have ever been written by Mo Yan.
这是莫言所写的小说之一。
②She is the only one of the girls who sings well in class.
她是班里女生中唯一一个歌唱得很好的。
(one of +可数名词+定语从句结构中，定语从句的谓语动词要用复数；而在“the only one of +
复数名词+定语从句”结构中，“the only one of +复数名词+定语从句”的定于从句的谓语动词要用单数
He is one of the students who get there on time
He is the only one of the students who gets there on time.
语法一致原则
5．“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each, every, no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。
①Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process.
很多父母都被迫经历了这一段痛苦的过程。
②Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held on Sunday.
每个男生和女生都希望参加周日的聚会。
6．在强调句型“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分”中，当被强调部分是句子主语时，“其他成分”中的谓语动词需和被强调的主语保持一致。
①It is I who am a teacher.我才是老师。
②It is the boys who are responsible for the accident.是这些男孩应为这次事故负责。
语法一致原则
7.half of，the rest of，most of ,all of 及百分数或分数+of等后接名词作主语时，谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定。
Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.
地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖。
8.all指人时，动词用复数；all指物时，动词用单数
All are present and all is going well.(全部都到场了，一切进展顺利）
9．the following作主语时，谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致。
The following are good examples.(下面是一些好例子）
10.当百分数，分数后面加名词或代词时，要根据这个名词或代词来决定其谓语动词的单复数形式。如果是复数名词或代词，谓语动词用复数；如果是单数名词（或不可数名词）或代词，谓语动词用单数。 Fifty percent ofthestudents in our school are girls.
语法一致原则
11.由“kind/form/type/sort +of+ 名词”作主语时，其位于形式取决于of前的这些词的单复数形式。
The type of buses is now on show.
Buses of this kind are now on show.
12.a number of +名词复数+谓语复数形式（许多）
the number of +名词复数+谓语动词单数形式（...的数量）
A number of the students are from the south.
The number of the students is 58.
13.a quantity of 后既可接复数名词，也可接不可数名词。如果a quantity of接不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果是可数名词复数，则谓语动词通常用复数形式；quantities of后接复数名词或不可数名词，后面的谓语动词都用复数。
在此输入标题
exercise
1.(2019.天津卷）Amy，as well as her brothers, _____ (be)given a warm weilcome when returning to the village last week.
2.She believes those small acts of kindness makes her full of love and power, which ________(allow) her to stay optimistic.
3.More than one student______ ______(fail) the exam.
4.She is the only one of the girls who______( sing )well in class.
5.Many a child ________(take) what their parents do for them for granted.
6.What I want to do ______(be) to work hard to get promoted.
7.The day after tomorrow ,I, as well as my friends Zhang Ming and Li Hua，________(be) going to buy books.
was
allow
has failed
sings
takes
is
sings
1．由or，either...or..., neither... nor..., not only... but (also)．..，not... but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。
①Either you or I am going to be in charge of this matter.
或者你或者我要负责这件事。
②Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.
不仅学生而且老师也喜欢这部电影。
就近一致原则
就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。
在此输入标题
exercise
1.Neither my parents nor my younger sister ______ (be) at home today.
2.There ______(be) some girls in the classroom and a teacher was reading a book.
3.Not only Jane but also her friends _______(be) fond of the new film The Battle at Lake Changjin,which is popular at present.
4.Not you but Lucy_____________(praise)by the teacher yesterday.
5.Either the cat or the dogs_______________(realize) the danger since the hen was killed.
is
were
are
was praised
have realized
意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数
还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词
的单复数。
1．形式为单数但意义为复数概念的police，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The police have not made any arrests.
警方未逮捕任何人。
意义一致原则
2．表示一类人的the poor/rich/dead/injured/wounded等和“the＋姓氏复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
①The rich are to help the poor.
富人应该帮助穷人。
②The Greens are going to London.
格林一家要去伦敦。
3．表示某国人总称的the Chinese, the British, the Irish等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The Chinese are hard－working.
中国人民是勤劳的。
4．诸如maths，physics，politics，news等以“－s”结尾却表示单数或不可数概念的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
①Physics is my favorite subject.
物理是我最喜欢的科目。
②Bad news has wings.坏事传千里。
5．单复数同形的名词，如sheep，deer，means，works(工厂)等作主语时，谓语动词的数与实际意义一致。
①Three sheep are eating grass there.
三只羊正在那里吃草。
②A sheep is lying there.
有只羊正躺在那里。
6．集体名词，如family，class，crew, team, group, audience，committee，crowd，government等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要根据主语所指的意义而定。当集体名词被作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词用单数；如果指其中各个成员时，谓语动词用复数。
①The whole class consists of twenty－five boys and twenty girls.(强调class这一整体)
这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。
②The whole class are doing experiments.(强调class里的各个成员)
全班学生正在做实验。
意义一致原则
7.表示时间，距离，金钱等的复数名词作主语表达一个整体概念时，谓语动词常用单数，但若强调数量，谓语动词可用复数。
One million dollars is a lot of money.
8.有些用orts,scissors)等作主语时，前面若有“一条”，“一副”，“一把”之类的单位词，动词用单数；若没有单位词或单位词是复数，则位于动词用复数：
The shoes are all right.
9.One and a half +名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数
One and a half apples is left on the table.
10.One or two more+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数
One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work.
exercise
1．The teacher and poet often __________ (give) lectures around the city.
2．Two thirds of the books __________ (be) about science.
3．As far as I know，his family__________ not very large but the family_______ all music lovers.(be)
4．The poor__________ (be) looked down upon in the old days.
5．All the means __________ (try) since he came to power.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The Smiths is going to attend the conference this afternoon.__________
2．Politics were what he was interested in when he was in college.__________
gives
is
is
are
were
have been tried
is改为are
were改为was
解题
策略
1.重视特殊情况
主谓一致的误用主要体现在三大原则的特殊情况中。如用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，如：bread and butter(黄油抹面包)，knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
主谓一致考查非谓语动词或从句作主语时、特殊名词(特别是由特定连词连接的名词)作主语时、就近原则与就远原则时，以及倒装句和定语从句中的特殊情况，因此考生除了知道基础语法的同时，还应加强留意特殊情况的积累、纠错。
2.重视时态和语态
主谓一致的考查往往结合时态、语态，所给词为句子的谓语，考生解此类试题中经常会出现时态、语态错误导致主谓一致问题关注的同时仍然失分。
首先判断设空处是否作谓语，如果作谓语，应考虑该题考查动词的时态、语态、主谓一致。如果设空处不作谓语，应考虑使用动词的非谓语形式。如果设空处作谓语，先确定该空的时态，再考虑该空的语态，最后考虑主谓一致问题。
Thank
you