人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists Words and expressions 2 课件(40张ppt)
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists Words and expressions 2 课件(40张ppt) |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-11-14 10:34:23 | ||
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(共40张PPT)
B5 U1 Science and Scientists
Words and expressions 2
once and for all 最终地; 彻底地
同义词：completely/entirely/totally
1)我们得彻底解决这个难题。
We have to tackle the difficult problem once and for all.
solid adj.可靠的,固体的,坚实的 & n.[C]固体
liquid adj.液体的, 液态的 & n.液体
gas n 气体
1)固体材料
solid materials
2)打下坚实的基础
lay a solid foundation
3)There is __________(可靠的证据)to show he wasn’t there
when the crime took place.
solid evidence
cast v.投掷;投射(光/影子);向……投以(视线/笑容)
①cast down 降低/使向下; 使沮丧②同词根词forecast/broadcast
1)The little boy cast his line into the stream, catching a fish soon.
2)The moon cast a bright light over the garden.
3)The flames cast dancing shadows on the walls.
4)He cast her an admiring glance.
5)She blushed, casting her eyes down.
6)He was cast down by the sad news.
cast--cast
cast one's attention 集中注意力 cast back 追溯,回想 cast over 一直思考
cast a blame 归咎于(某人)
cast pearls before swine 对牛弹琴,明珠暗投
cast the leading part to sb 选派某人担任主角
cast sth behind one's back 把某事忘掉; 置之脑后
within a stone's cast of 离…不到一箭之地
shadow n.[C]影子；阴影/阴暗处；坏影响；黑眼圈
v.投阴影于……
①.cast a shadow on...
在某处投下/留下影子; 给...蒙上阴影
②.in the shadow of 在…附近/阴影下
in the shadow(s) 在阴暗处
③eye shadow 眼影，眼睑膏
shade n.荫；阴凉处(指树等物体遮挡阳光形成的阴凉之地，无一定的轮廓)
vt. 遮住光线 in the shade 在荫凉处 shade into 渐渐变为，逐渐变为
1)An unhappy childhood would cast a shadow on one's whole life.
2)她看上去脸色苍白,眼睛下方有很深的黑眼圈。(with的复合结构）
She looked pale, with deep shadows under her eyes.
1)Be a rainbow in somebody else’s cloud.(成为别人云朵里的一道彩虹)
rainbow n.彩虹
at the end of the rainbow 在可望而不可及的地方
chase rainbows/a rainbow 做白日梦，幻想
rainfall 降雨 rainstorm暴风雨 raindrop雨滴
rainproof雨衣 rainforest热带雨林 rainspout排水口
rainmaker降雨巫师、人工雨实验者
rain 雨水 +bow n.弓形物，弓
pour v.倒出; 倾泻; 斟(饮料)
①pour out 倒出；倾吐/诉说(思想/感情/经历)
②pour down 流下；(雨)倾盆而下；
③pour into/in 涌进
1)She poured _____ all her troubles to him.
2)The rain continued to pour ______.
3)Light was pouring ______ the courtyard.
4)他是那样焦急，泪水顺着他的面颊簌簌地落下。
He was so anxious that tears poured /streamed/trickled/ran /rolled down his cheeks.
out
down
into/in
burst into tears/burst out crying
be in tears/be close to tears/have tears in one’s eyes
tears well up in one’s eyes weep/cry/sob
tears pour/ roll/run/ stream down one’s cheek
concrete adj.混凝土制的; 确实的; 具体的 & n.[U]混凝土
concretely adv.具体地（反 abstractly抽象地，理论上地）
结合具体的事物来思考要比抽象思考容易些。
It is easier to think in concrete terms rather than in the abstract.
1)The floor is made of concrete.
2)混凝土会像岩石一样坚固。
The concrete will be as solid as a rock.
3)确凿的证据
concrete evidence /substantial proof
4） 这具体的我也说不上来。
I can't tell you anything concrete.
lack of concrete evidence
缺少具体的证据
plasma n. 血浆
助记：希腊词根plas表示to spread,与日耳曼词源flat同源，因为向四处扩散后会形成一个平面，比如熟悉的plastic
展开+ic（形容词后缀）→可塑的；塑料
blood plasma 血浆；血清；血桨
aerospace n. 航空航天工业
aer,aero,aeri=air表示“空气，充气”等
aerology气象学，大气学（aero+ology学科→空气学→大气学）
aerospace（大气层内外）空间（aero+space空间）
aerosphere大气层（aero+sphere球形→球形空气→大气层）
aeroview鸟瞰图（aero+view看→在空气中看→鸟瞰）
aviation n. 航空制造业；航空
avi 鸟 + ation 行为，过程，状态，结果 → 像鸟〔在空中飞〕→ 飞行
avi 鸟 + ator 表人 → 像鸟一样飞翔的人 → 飞行员
aviator n. 飞行员 aviculture n. 养鸟业
patriot n.[C]爱国者
patriotic adj. 爱国的
patriotically adv.爱国地/忧国地
patriotism n. 爱国主义；爱国精神
basic--basically
economic--economically
scientific--scientifically
energetic--energetically
automatic--automatically
dramatic--dramatically
academic--academically
magic--magically
除public外---publicly
mechanical adj. 机械的；发动机的
源于拉丁语machina 机器，引擎，装置，设施，诡计
mechanic n.机械师
mechanism n.机械装置; 机件; 方法; 机制; 机制，构造;
mechanist n. 机械学者，机械论者
mechanician n. 机械工，机械技师，机械学者
break out (战争/火灾/疾病)爆发/突然开始(不及物)
break down （机器或车辆）出故障；垮掉；失败；消除；分解
break in 非法闯入；打断（谈话）/插嘴
break into 强行闯入；突然开始（笑/唱/鼓掌等）
break up 破碎；分手；解散；拆开
break away from 脱离；挣脱
1)Her health broke ______under the pressure of work.
2)They had escaped to America shortly before war broke ______.
3)You must break _______ such a bad habit.
4)We had our car broken _______ last week .
5)Police had to break ____ the crowd to maintain order of the meeting.
6)他突然露出笑容，说道：“我给你买了样东西。”（非谓语）
break-broke-broken
down
out
away from
into/in
up
Breaking into a smile, he said, “I bought you something.”
defend v.保卫; 防守; 辩解(近义词：guard,protect)
①defend A from/against B 保护A以免受B；
②in defence of 保护；为……辩护
defence/defense n. 防御; 国防
defensive adj.防御的
1)All mothers will try their best to defend their children ______
damage.
2)The leader's speech _____ defence of the policy didn't carry much conviction.
3)我们应该向保卫祖国而牺牲了的军人表示敬意。
We should pay respects to soldiers who died in defence of our country.
from/against
in
jet n.喷气式飞机
jet plane 喷气式飞机 in a jet 滔滔不绝
The accident happened as the jet was about to take off.
喷气式飞机正要起飞时出了事故。
The water jetted out.一股水喷涌而出。
He left on the jet plane.他坐飞机离开了。
missile n.导弹
fire〔launch〕a missile 发射导弹
assistant n.助理; 助手
assist v.帮助
①assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
=assist sb. to do sth.
=assist sb. in doing sth.
assistance n.帮助
1)The teacher assists the children _______ their tasks.
=The teacher assists the children _______(finish) their tasks.
=The teacher assists the children in finishing their tasks.
with
to finish
assistant n.助理; 助手
assist v.帮助
①assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
=assist sb. to do sth.
=assist sb. in doing sth.
assistance n.帮助
②with the assistance of/under one’s assistance 在……的帮助下
③come/go to one’s assistance 来/去帮助某人
2)他只能靠拐杖走路。
He can walk only with the assistance of stick.
3)尽管他喊叫，却没有人来帮助他。(despite)
Despite his cries, no one came to his assistance.
1)一位有经验的工程师负责这项工程。
An experienced engineer is _______________the project.
=An experienced engineer takes charge of the project.
=The project is in the charge of an experienced engineer.
in charge of
charge n.费用；主管；指控；电量
①sb. take charge of 某人负责
②sb. be in charge of 某人负责...
③sth. be in the charge of sb. 某物由某人负责
v.收费；指控；充电
(动作)
(状态)
charge n.费用；主管；指控；电量
①sb. take charge of 某人负责
②sb. be in charge of 某人负责...
③sth. be in the charge of sb. 某物由某人负责
④free of charge 免费
v.收费；指控；充电
⑤charge sb. for sth. 为某物向某人收取费用
⑥charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告某人（做）某事
2)The restaurant charged us $ 40 ______ the wine.
3)Gibbons ____________ (charge) with murder last week.
(动作)
(状态)
for
was charged
leadership n.领导地位；领导才能(ship做词缀表示身份、地位、资格membership；事物之间的某种关系friednship；扮演某角色需要的能力、技巧leadership)
leader n.领袖；领导者
lead v.带路；领导/带领 n. 铅
leading adj. 领导的；主要的
lead to 导致；造成；通向
lead a ...life 过着...生活
1)在某人的领导下
under the leadership of sb./ under one’s leadership
2)他牵着Dickon的手把他领进屋。
He took Dickon by the hand to lead him into the house.
3)他显示出领导才能。
He shows quality of leadership.他显示出领导才能。
trace v.追溯; 追踪; 查出 & n.[C&U]痕迹; 遗迹; 踪迹
①trace back to 追溯到
track n. 足迹; 踪迹; 轨道; & v.追踪; 跟踪
show trace 显现痕迹 sink without trace 消失得无影无踪
follow trace 追踪 hide trace 掩盖痕迹 leave trace 留下痕迹
1)不着痕迹地。without trace/without a trace of sth 没有一丝…的痕迹 She speaks English without a trace of Chinese accent.
她讲英语不带一点儿汉语口音。
2)她唇边掠过一丝微笑。
A trace of a smile played across her lips.
3)Through reading, I can trace back to ancient Egypt, the cradle of human civilization.
4)我最初到那里是为了寻根，探访我妈妈的故乡。（非谓语）
I first went there to trace my root, visiting my mum’s hometown.
=date back to
outstanding adj.优秀的; 杰出的; 明显的
近义词： excellent; brilliant; marked
stand out 突出；站出来；杰出
an area of outstanding natural beauty自然景色美不胜收的地方
1)出色表现/杰出的成就
outstanding performance/achievement
2)Just be yourself, you have the shinning point and that makes you outstanding. 做自己，你有闪光点，那才是让你出众的地方。
gifted adj.有天赋的; 有天才的; 天资聪颖的
①be gifted/talented in/at sth. 在……方面有天赋
②be gifted with sth.=be born with 具有(令人愉快的特质)
gift n.[C]礼物; 天赋
③have a gift/ talent for sth. 在……方面有天赋
show a talent for 显示出…天赋
1)He was gifted/talented ______ music.
=He has a gift /talent for music.
2) Man is the only creature that is gifted ___________ speech.
3)He was gifted with a superb voice.
仿写：他有迷人的微笑。
He was gifted with a charming smile.
4)对文学极有天赋，他赢得了今年的诺贝尔文学奖。(非谓语)
Gifted in literature, he won the Nobel Prize in literature this year.
talented
in/at
talent
with
abstract adj.抽象的；n.（文献等的）摘要
助 记： abstract=abs(分离)+tract(拖)→从中拖出来，分离出→抽象
abstractly adv.抽象地 (反)concretely
同根词：attract v.吸引；引起注意
助 记： attract=at(=ad，去，趋向)+tract(拖)→拖过去→吸引
attractive adj.吸引人的；有吸引力的
attraction n.有吸引力的事物；吸引
abstract knowledge/principles 理论知识/抽象原理
steady adj.稳定的; 平稳的; 稳步的
steadily adv.稳定地; 坚定地; 坚固地
1)Ready, steady, go!
各就各位,预备,跑！
2)steady state
定态；恒稳态
3)稳定的收入
steady income
4)The cost of everything from housing to education has risen________ in recent decades.
steadily
be steady in one’s purpose意志坚定
be steady in one's principle 坚持原则
steady aim 稳定的目标 steady income 固定收入 steady job 固定的工作
come down with... 患(病); 染上(小病)
come about 发生
come across 邂逅；被理解
come out 出现;盛开;出版
come to 合计；达到
come up 走近；发生；被提及
come up with 提出/想出
come into being 形成
1)他染上一种疾病。
He came down with a disease.
2)天空放晴，太阳出来了。
The sky cleared and the sun came out.
Sales in our company __________ due to the outbreak of the disease.
come-came-come
suffer from...患(病)
came down
come down with... 患(病); 染上(小病)
come about 发生
come across 邂逅；被理解
come out 出现;盛开;出版
come to 合计；达到
come up 走近；发生；被提及
come up with 提出/想出
come into being 形成
come over 来访；拜访
3)那就是你能想出的最好借口吗？（定语从句）
Is that the best excuse (that) you can come up with
4）I wonder how it ___________ that she is two hours late on such a short ship.
5）I ___________ Mary while wandering downtown yesterday.
came-come
suffer from...患(病)
come about
came across
语段填空
6) (当谈及) English learning,I have the following practical suggestions to share.Firstly,when you (遇见) unfamiliar words,don’t always refer to the dictionary. Furthermore,when teachers’ questions (被提及)
in class,you should try to (想出) answers.Lastly,if you fail,you must say to yourself,“ (加油)!
(应用文写作之建议信)
When it comes to
come up
come up with
Come on
come across
astronomer n.[C]天文学家
astronomy n.天文学
astronomical adj.天文学的；极巨大的
telescope n.望远镜
mircoscope n. 显微镜
scope: ...镜（观察仪器）
furthermore
moreover
besides
what is more
in addition
1)除了聪明之外，他还很勇敢，敢说别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。此外，他的意志还非常坚定。
Besides being brilliant, he was brave and he dared to say what others were afraid to say and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about. Futhermore, he was quite determined.
adv.
介词短语
此外/而且
prep. 除...之外(还)...
brilliant adj.聪颖的; 绝妙的; 明亮的
brilliantly adv.光彩夺目地;出色地; 精彩地; 高明地
同义词：bright/clever/smart/intelligent
above all 最重要的是; 尤其是
after all 毕竟；终究
all in all 总的说来/总之
in all 合计；总共
not...at all 一点也不/根本不
first of all 首先；第一
1)All in all, you should not have scolded the boy at all, for he is a child after all. Above all, he made only two mistakes in all.
2)A:Your boy broke my window.
B:Don't scold him. ______,he's just a child.
3)He is honest. He doesn’t like making up an excuse for his failure ______.
4) ___________, you should know what profession suits you.
After all
at all
（强调顺序）
（强调重要性）
=in short =in a word
All in all
above all 最重要的是; 尤其是
after all 毕竟；终究
all in all 总的说来/总之
in all 合计；总共
not...at all 一点也不/根本不
first of all 首先；第一
4)There are several reasons why school uniforms are a good idea. ________, uniforms can reduce the psychological comparisons. In addition, uniforms is beneficial to saving students'money and time.
5)In my opinion，you must be smart，confident，and，_______， honest.
（强调顺序）
（强调重要性）
=in short =in a word
First if all
above all
fault n.[C&U]弱点; 过错
①find fault with… 挑……的错，找……的茬
②be at fault 有过错；应当负责
faulty adj.不完美的；有缺陷的
faultless adj. 完美的，无缺点的
1)Life can be great when you are not busy__________(find) fault with it.
2)He is such a stubborn person that he never accepts that he has been at fault.
3)If my memory was not_____ fault, it was Thursday.
4)不要老是挑别人的错，先反思一下自己。
Don't always___________ others, reflecting on yourself first.
5)It’s the boy’s fault that the window was broken.
finding
Well, it’s all my fault. Okay
It’s one’s fault for (doing) sth.(做)某事是某人的过失
It’s one’s fault that… …是某人的过错
同义词：
error/mistake 错误 shortcoming/weakness 弱点
at
find fault with
shift n.[C]改变; 转换; 轮班 & v.转移; 挪动; 转向
1)the work shift
轮岗，轮班；
the day/night shift
白/夜班
2)Joe听着，不安地把重心从一只脚转移到另一只脚。（非谓语作状语）
Joe listened, __________ uncomfortably from one foot to another.
a shift of crops 庄稼的轮作
The wind has shifted to the north. 风已转成了北风。
shifting
vivid adj.生动的; 鲜明的; 丰富的
vividly adv.生动地
1)有丰富的想象力
have a vivid imagination
2)周三晚上，我做了个十分逼真的梦，让我很不安。（定语从句）
On Wednesday night I had a very vivid dream which really upset me.
3） 我对我们第一次相见的那天记忆犹新。
I______ remember the day we first met .
vivid memories 清晰的记忆
a vivid description 生动的描述
vividly
Revision
Revision
B5 U1 Science and Scientists
Words and expressions 2
once and for all 最终地; 彻底地
同义词：completely/entirely/totally
1)我们得彻底解决这个难题。
We have to tackle the difficult problem once and for all.
solid adj.可靠的,固体的,坚实的 & n.[C]固体
liquid adj.液体的, 液态的 & n.液体
gas n 气体
1)固体材料
solid materials
2)打下坚实的基础
lay a solid foundation
3)There is __________(可靠的证据)to show he wasn’t there
when the crime took place.
solid evidence
cast v.投掷;投射(光/影子);向……投以(视线/笑容)
①cast down 降低/使向下; 使沮丧②同词根词forecast/broadcast
1)The little boy cast his line into the stream, catching a fish soon.
2)The moon cast a bright light over the garden.
3)The flames cast dancing shadows on the walls.
4)He cast her an admiring glance.
5)She blushed, casting her eyes down.
6)He was cast down by the sad news.
cast--cast
cast one's attention 集中注意力 cast back 追溯,回想 cast over 一直思考
cast a blame 归咎于(某人)
cast pearls before swine 对牛弹琴,明珠暗投
cast the leading part to sb 选派某人担任主角
cast sth behind one's back 把某事忘掉; 置之脑后
within a stone's cast of 离…不到一箭之地
shadow n.[C]影子；阴影/阴暗处；坏影响；黑眼圈
v.投阴影于……
①.cast a shadow on...
在某处投下/留下影子; 给...蒙上阴影
②.in the shadow of 在…附近/阴影下
in the shadow(s) 在阴暗处
③eye shadow 眼影，眼睑膏
shade n.荫；阴凉处(指树等物体遮挡阳光形成的阴凉之地，无一定的轮廓)
vt. 遮住光线 in the shade 在荫凉处 shade into 渐渐变为，逐渐变为
1)An unhappy childhood would cast a shadow on one's whole life.
2)她看上去脸色苍白,眼睛下方有很深的黑眼圈。(with的复合结构）
She looked pale, with deep shadows under her eyes.
1)Be a rainbow in somebody else’s cloud.(成为别人云朵里的一道彩虹)
rainbow n.彩虹
at the end of the rainbow 在可望而不可及的地方
chase rainbows/a rainbow 做白日梦，幻想
rainfall 降雨 rainstorm暴风雨 raindrop雨滴
rainproof雨衣 rainforest热带雨林 rainspout排水口
rainmaker降雨巫师、人工雨实验者
rain 雨水 +bow n.弓形物，弓
pour v.倒出; 倾泻; 斟(饮料)
①pour out 倒出；倾吐/诉说(思想/感情/经历)
②pour down 流下；(雨)倾盆而下；
③pour into/in 涌进
1)She poured _____ all her troubles to him.
2)The rain continued to pour ______.
3)Light was pouring ______ the courtyard.
4)他是那样焦急，泪水顺着他的面颊簌簌地落下。
He was so anxious that tears poured /streamed/trickled/ran /rolled down his cheeks.
out
down
into/in
burst into tears/burst out crying
be in tears/be close to tears/have tears in one’s eyes
tears well up in one’s eyes weep/cry/sob
tears pour/ roll/run/ stream down one’s cheek
concrete adj.混凝土制的; 确实的; 具体的 & n.[U]混凝土
concretely adv.具体地（反 abstractly抽象地，理论上地）
结合具体的事物来思考要比抽象思考容易些。
It is easier to think in concrete terms rather than in the abstract.
1)The floor is made of concrete.
2)混凝土会像岩石一样坚固。
The concrete will be as solid as a rock.
3)确凿的证据
concrete evidence /substantial proof
4） 这具体的我也说不上来。
I can't tell you anything concrete.
lack of concrete evidence
缺少具体的证据
plasma n. 血浆
助记：希腊词根plas表示to spread,与日耳曼词源flat同源，因为向四处扩散后会形成一个平面，比如熟悉的plastic
展开+ic（形容词后缀）→可塑的；塑料
blood plasma 血浆；血清；血桨
aerospace n. 航空航天工业
aer,aero,aeri=air表示“空气，充气”等
aerology气象学，大气学（aero+ology学科→空气学→大气学）
aerospace（大气层内外）空间（aero+space空间）
aerosphere大气层（aero+sphere球形→球形空气→大气层）
aeroview鸟瞰图（aero+view看→在空气中看→鸟瞰）
aviation n. 航空制造业；航空
avi 鸟 + ation 行为，过程，状态，结果 → 像鸟〔在空中飞〕→ 飞行
avi 鸟 + ator 表人 → 像鸟一样飞翔的人 → 飞行员
aviator n. 飞行员 aviculture n. 养鸟业
patriot n.[C]爱国者
patriotic adj. 爱国的
patriotically adv.爱国地/忧国地
patriotism n. 爱国主义；爱国精神
basic--basically
economic--economically
scientific--scientifically
energetic--energetically
automatic--automatically
dramatic--dramatically
academic--academically
magic--magically
除public外---publicly
mechanical adj. 机械的；发动机的
源于拉丁语machina 机器，引擎，装置，设施，诡计
mechanic n.机械师
mechanism n.机械装置; 机件; 方法; 机制; 机制，构造;
mechanist n. 机械学者，机械论者
mechanician n. 机械工，机械技师，机械学者
break out (战争/火灾/疾病)爆发/突然开始(不及物)
break down （机器或车辆）出故障；垮掉；失败；消除；分解
break in 非法闯入；打断（谈话）/插嘴
break into 强行闯入；突然开始（笑/唱/鼓掌等）
break up 破碎；分手；解散；拆开
break away from 脱离；挣脱
1)Her health broke ______under the pressure of work.
2)They had escaped to America shortly before war broke ______.
3)You must break _______ such a bad habit.
4)We had our car broken _______ last week .
5)Police had to break ____ the crowd to maintain order of the meeting.
6)他突然露出笑容，说道：“我给你买了样东西。”（非谓语）
break-broke-broken
down
out
away from
into/in
up
Breaking into a smile, he said, “I bought you something.”
defend v.保卫; 防守; 辩解(近义词：guard,protect)
①defend A from/against B 保护A以免受B；
②in defence of 保护；为……辩护
defence/defense n. 防御; 国防
defensive adj.防御的
1)All mothers will try their best to defend their children ______
damage.
2)The leader's speech _____ defence of the policy didn't carry much conviction.
3)我们应该向保卫祖国而牺牲了的军人表示敬意。
We should pay respects to soldiers who died in defence of our country.
from/against
in
jet n.喷气式飞机
jet plane 喷气式飞机 in a jet 滔滔不绝
The accident happened as the jet was about to take off.
喷气式飞机正要起飞时出了事故。
The water jetted out.一股水喷涌而出。
He left on the jet plane.他坐飞机离开了。
missile n.导弹
fire〔launch〕a missile 发射导弹
assistant n.助理; 助手
assist v.帮助
①assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
=assist sb. to do sth.
=assist sb. in doing sth.
assistance n.帮助
1)The teacher assists the children _______ their tasks.
=The teacher assists the children _______(finish) their tasks.
=The teacher assists the children in finishing their tasks.
with
to finish
assistant n.助理; 助手
assist v.帮助
①assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
=assist sb. to do sth.
=assist sb. in doing sth.
assistance n.帮助
②with the assistance of/under one’s assistance 在……的帮助下
③come/go to one’s assistance 来/去帮助某人
2)他只能靠拐杖走路。
He can walk only with the assistance of stick.
3)尽管他喊叫，却没有人来帮助他。(despite)
Despite his cries, no one came to his assistance.
1)一位有经验的工程师负责这项工程。
An experienced engineer is _______________the project.
=An experienced engineer takes charge of the project.
=The project is in the charge of an experienced engineer.
in charge of
charge n.费用；主管；指控；电量
①sb. take charge of 某人负责
②sb. be in charge of 某人负责...
③sth. be in the charge of sb. 某物由某人负责
v.收费；指控；充电
(动作)
(状态)
charge n.费用；主管；指控；电量
①sb. take charge of 某人负责
②sb. be in charge of 某人负责...
③sth. be in the charge of sb. 某物由某人负责
④free of charge 免费
v.收费；指控；充电
⑤charge sb. for sth. 为某物向某人收取费用
⑥charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告某人（做）某事
2)The restaurant charged us $ 40 ______ the wine.
3)Gibbons ____________ (charge) with murder last week.
(动作)
(状态)
for
was charged
leadership n.领导地位；领导才能(ship做词缀表示身份、地位、资格membership；事物之间的某种关系friednship；扮演某角色需要的能力、技巧leadership)
leader n.领袖；领导者
lead v.带路；领导/带领 n. 铅
leading adj. 领导的；主要的
lead to 导致；造成；通向
lead a ...life 过着...生活
1)在某人的领导下
under the leadership of sb./ under one’s leadership
2)他牵着Dickon的手把他领进屋。
He took Dickon by the hand to lead him into the house.
3)他显示出领导才能。
He shows quality of leadership.他显示出领导才能。
trace v.追溯; 追踪; 查出 & n.[C&U]痕迹; 遗迹; 踪迹
①trace back to 追溯到
track n. 足迹; 踪迹; 轨道; & v.追踪; 跟踪
show trace 显现痕迹 sink without trace 消失得无影无踪
follow trace 追踪 hide trace 掩盖痕迹 leave trace 留下痕迹
1)不着痕迹地。without trace/without a trace of sth 没有一丝…的痕迹 She speaks English without a trace of Chinese accent.
她讲英语不带一点儿汉语口音。
2)她唇边掠过一丝微笑。
A trace of a smile played across her lips.
3)Through reading, I can trace back to ancient Egypt, the cradle of human civilization.
4)我最初到那里是为了寻根，探访我妈妈的故乡。（非谓语）
I first went there to trace my root, visiting my mum’s hometown.
=date back to
outstanding adj.优秀的; 杰出的; 明显的
近义词： excellent; brilliant; marked
stand out 突出；站出来；杰出
an area of outstanding natural beauty自然景色美不胜收的地方
1)出色表现/杰出的成就
outstanding performance/achievement
2)Just be yourself, you have the shinning point and that makes you outstanding. 做自己，你有闪光点，那才是让你出众的地方。
gifted adj.有天赋的; 有天才的; 天资聪颖的
①be gifted/talented in/at sth. 在……方面有天赋
②be gifted with sth.=be born with 具有(令人愉快的特质)
gift n.[C]礼物; 天赋
③have a gift/ talent for sth. 在……方面有天赋
show a talent for 显示出…天赋
1)He was gifted/talented ______ music.
=He has a gift /talent for music.
2) Man is the only creature that is gifted ___________ speech.
3)He was gifted with a superb voice.
仿写：他有迷人的微笑。
He was gifted with a charming smile.
4)对文学极有天赋，他赢得了今年的诺贝尔文学奖。(非谓语)
Gifted in literature, he won the Nobel Prize in literature this year.
talented
in/at
talent
with
abstract adj.抽象的；n.（文献等的）摘要
助 记： abstract=abs(分离)+tract(拖)→从中拖出来，分离出→抽象
abstractly adv.抽象地 (反)concretely
同根词：attract v.吸引；引起注意
助 记： attract=at(=ad，去，趋向)+tract(拖)→拖过去→吸引
attractive adj.吸引人的；有吸引力的
attraction n.有吸引力的事物；吸引
abstract knowledge/principles 理论知识/抽象原理
steady adj.稳定的; 平稳的; 稳步的
steadily adv.稳定地; 坚定地; 坚固地
1)Ready, steady, go!
各就各位,预备,跑！
2)steady state
定态；恒稳态
3)稳定的收入
steady income
4)The cost of everything from housing to education has risen________ in recent decades.
steadily
be steady in one’s purpose意志坚定
be steady in one's principle 坚持原则
steady aim 稳定的目标 steady income 固定收入 steady job 固定的工作
come down with... 患(病); 染上(小病)
come about 发生
come across 邂逅；被理解
come out 出现;盛开;出版
come to 合计；达到
come up 走近；发生；被提及
come up with 提出/想出
come into being 形成
1)他染上一种疾病。
He came down with a disease.
2)天空放晴，太阳出来了。
The sky cleared and the sun came out.
Sales in our company __________ due to the outbreak of the disease.
come-came-come
suffer from...患(病)
came down
come down with... 患(病); 染上(小病)
come about 发生
come across 邂逅；被理解
come out 出现;盛开;出版
come to 合计；达到
come up 走近；发生；被提及
come up with 提出/想出
come into being 形成
come over 来访；拜访
3)那就是你能想出的最好借口吗？（定语从句）
Is that the best excuse (that) you can come up with
4）I wonder how it ___________ that she is two hours late on such a short ship.
5）I ___________ Mary while wandering downtown yesterday.
came-come
suffer from...患(病)
come about
came across
语段填空
6) (当谈及) English learning,I have the following practical suggestions to share.Firstly,when you (遇见) unfamiliar words,don’t always refer to the dictionary. Furthermore,when teachers’ questions (被提及)
in class,you should try to (想出) answers.Lastly,if you fail,you must say to yourself,“ (加油)!
(应用文写作之建议信)
When it comes to
come up
come up with
Come on
come across
astronomer n.[C]天文学家
astronomy n.天文学
astronomical adj.天文学的；极巨大的
telescope n.望远镜
mircoscope n. 显微镜
scope: ...镜（观察仪器）
furthermore
moreover
besides
what is more
in addition
1)除了聪明之外，他还很勇敢，敢说别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。此外，他的意志还非常坚定。
Besides being brilliant, he was brave and he dared to say what others were afraid to say and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about. Futhermore, he was quite determined.
adv.
介词短语
此外/而且
prep. 除...之外(还)...
brilliant adj.聪颖的; 绝妙的; 明亮的
brilliantly adv.光彩夺目地;出色地; 精彩地; 高明地
同义词：bright/clever/smart/intelligent
above all 最重要的是; 尤其是
after all 毕竟；终究
all in all 总的说来/总之
in all 合计；总共
not...at all 一点也不/根本不
first of all 首先；第一
1)All in all, you should not have scolded the boy at all, for he is a child after all. Above all, he made only two mistakes in all.
2)A:Your boy broke my window.
B:Don't scold him. ______,he's just a child.
3)He is honest. He doesn’t like making up an excuse for his failure ______.
4) ___________, you should know what profession suits you.
After all
at all
（强调顺序）
（强调重要性）
=in short =in a word
All in all
above all 最重要的是; 尤其是
after all 毕竟；终究
all in all 总的说来/总之
in all 合计；总共
not...at all 一点也不/根本不
first of all 首先；第一
4)There are several reasons why school uniforms are a good idea. ________, uniforms can reduce the psychological comparisons. In addition, uniforms is beneficial to saving students'money and time.
5)In my opinion，you must be smart，confident，and，_______， honest.
（强调顺序）
（强调重要性）
=in short =in a word
First if all
above all
fault n.[C&U]弱点; 过错
①find fault with… 挑……的错，找……的茬
②be at fault 有过错；应当负责
faulty adj.不完美的；有缺陷的
faultless adj. 完美的，无缺点的
1)Life can be great when you are not busy__________(find) fault with it.
2)He is such a stubborn person that he never accepts that he has been at fault.
3)If my memory was not_____ fault, it was Thursday.
4)不要老是挑别人的错，先反思一下自己。
Don't always___________ others, reflecting on yourself first.
5)It’s the boy’s fault that the window was broken.
finding
Well, it’s all my fault. Okay
It’s one’s fault for (doing) sth.(做)某事是某人的过失
It’s one’s fault that… …是某人的过错
同义词：
error/mistake 错误 shortcoming/weakness 弱点
at
find fault with
shift n.[C]改变; 转换; 轮班 & v.转移; 挪动; 转向
1)the work shift
轮岗，轮班；
the day/night shift
白/夜班
2)Joe听着，不安地把重心从一只脚转移到另一只脚。（非谓语作状语）
Joe listened, __________ uncomfortably from one foot to another.
a shift of crops 庄稼的轮作
The wind has shifted to the north. 风已转成了北风。
shifting
vivid adj.生动的; 鲜明的; 丰富的
vividly adv.生动地
1)有丰富的想象力
have a vivid imagination
2)周三晚上，我做了个十分逼真的梦，让我很不安。（定语从句）
On Wednesday night I had a very vivid dream which really upset me.
3） 我对我们第一次相见的那天记忆犹新。
I______ remember the day we first met .
vivid memories 清晰的记忆
a vivid description 生动的描述
vividly
Revision
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