高考英语语法专题讲与练 专题二 名词
一、名词的分类及常见用法
可数名词 个体名词 teacher, student, piano, schoolbag 功能
集体名词 family, committee, people, class 名词在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、同位语或状语
可数名词的复数 规则变化 一般词后加-s days, boys, Americans, tools
s, x, sh, ch结尾加-es buses, boxes, dishes, matches (stomachs除外)
“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加- es babies, factories, stories, cities
以f或fe结尾,变f/fe为v,加-es leaves, wives, knives (roofs, proofs, gulfs, beliefs, chiefs, staffs, safes除外)
以o结尾,有生命加-es,无生命加-s heroes, potatoes, tomatoes, pianos, radios (hippos, bamboos除外)
数字的复数加-s或“’s” in the 1990s/1990’s
不规则变化 改变词中元音字母 woman-women, goose-geese, man-men, foot-feet, tooth-teeth
形式复数,意义单数 news, maths, politics, economics等
单复数同形 means, deer, sheep, fish, species, Chinese等
其他 child-children, bacterium-bacteria, crisis-crises, ox-oxen, phenomenon-phenomena
不可数名词 物质名词 wood, water, steel, paper, blood
抽象名词 friendship, progress, fun, knowledge
专有名词 John, Smith, Beijing, Christmas Day
名词所有格 一般在名词右上方加“’s”;以s结尾的名词只加“’” Women’s Day, an hour’s walk, students’ reading-room, today’s paper 表有生命的东西或时间、空间、距离、价格、重量等名词的所有格
介词of+名词 a map of China, the top of the mountain 无生命的东西的名词所有格
二、名词其他需要注意的几点
1. 名词的数
(1) 复合名词的复数
有主体名词的复数形式(lookers-on, passers-by等)和无主体名词的复数形式(grown-ups, go-betweens)。
(2) 集体名词的数
①有些集体名词只能用作复数,如:cattle, police, people等。注意:people意为“民族、种族”时,有单、复数形式。
②有些集体名词只能用作单数,如:machinery, furniture, equipment, jewellery, mankind等。
③有些集体名词作为整体看待时,用作单数;指其中各个成员时,用作复数。这样的集体名词有class, family, couple, audience, government, public, committee, crew等。
The whole family are watching TV now. 现在全家人都在看电视。
His family is a big one. 他家是一个大家庭。
(3) 由两部分构成的名词只能用复数形式,如:glasses, trousers, shorts, scissors, gloves, scales, compasses等。
(4) “the + 姓氏的复数”表全家人,如:the Blacks, the Smith, the Wangs等。
(5) 具有双重特性的名词
①意义不同的可数和不可数名词
a room 房间——room空间
a chicken 鸡——chicken 鸡肉
an experience 经历——experience 经验
an agreement 协议——agreement 同意
②单、复数意思不同的名词
arm 手臂——arms 武器
brain 脑——brains 智力
custom 风俗——customs 海关
force 力量——forces 军队
regard 注意;关心——regards 问候
time 时间——times 时代
work 工作——works 作品;工厂
manner 态度——manners 礼貌
spirit 精神——spirits 心情;情绪
content 内容——contents 目录
loss 损失——losses 损失物
condition 状况——conditions 条件
expression 表达——expressions 短语
feeling 感觉——feelings 感情
wood 木头——woods 树林
2. 名词的所有格
(1) 表示两者或两者以上共同所有,在最后一个词的后面加“’s”;表示各自拥有时,每个名词后都要加“’s”。如:
Li and Ma’s room 李和马共有的房间
Li’s and Ma’s rooms 李和马各自的房间
(2) 表某人的家或店铺、诊所等。如:
Li’s 李家 the doctor’s 诊所 the barber’s 理发店 the butcher’s 肉铺 the stationer’s 文具店
(3) 所有格除了用于有生命的事物外,也可以用于表示国家、城市等的名词。如:
China’s prosperity 中国的繁荣
the country’s plan 国家计划
(4) of所有格也可用于有生命的物体,用于名词较长或名词的定语较长时。如:
a story of a famous doctor 一个名医的故事
the son of the man you just talked to 刚刚和你说话的那个男人的儿子
(5) 双重所有格
“of+名词所有格或名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格。of后名词所有格中的名词必须指人,而且是特指。如:
an old friend of my uncle’s 我叔叔的一位老朋友
a play of Shakespeare’s 莎士比亚的一部戏剧
some houses of my grandfather’s 我爷爷的一些房子
3. 名词作定语
(1) 一般用单数形式。如:
country music 乡村音乐 shoe shops 鞋店 traffic lights 交通灯
注意:sports, customs, arms, clothes, sales, goods作定语时,要用复数形式。如:
sports meeting 运动会 customs officers 海关官员 arms production 武器生产
(2) man和woman作定语时,变复数时予中心词一起变。如:
men doctor 男医生 women teachers 女老师
考点练透
1.(2022新高考I卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ________ (population) and homes of giant pandas.
2.(2022年全国乙卷) As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ______(large)tea-producing country, China has a ______ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
3.(2022年新高考I卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ______ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and ______ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
4.(2021北京卷)Why do we dream?Scientists aren’t completely sure, and they have diverse________ (idea).
5.(2022全国乙卷)As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a________ (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
6.(2021全国甲卷) Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ________ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people.
7.(2021全国乙卷)________ (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
8.(2022·内蒙古·呼和浩特市教育教学研究中心一模)According to the plan, the high-speed railway will have two branch________ (line)—one is to Yanqing Station, the other is to Taizicheng of Chongli, where the Olympic village lies.
9.(2022·内蒙古·呼和浩特市教育教学研究中心一模)The railway line has a________ (long) of 174 km as a double-track passage line, with ten stations along its route.
10.(2022·江西·模拟预测)The giant panda is one of the world's most adored and protected rare ________ (animal).
11.(2022·广西桂林·二模)“We hope to add more ________ ( happy ) to the great event, meanwhile, viewers can learn about traditional Chinese culture, ” said Zheng Feihu, director of the video.
12.(2022·湖南·长沙一中高三开学考试)Although the library was open to everyone, all readers had to pay for a membership or _________________ (subscribe) in order to borrow books.
13.(2022·黑龙江·双鸭山一中高三开学考试)Scientists once figured that the theory was based on a wrong ________ (assume).
14.(2022·黑龙江·双鸭山一中高三开学考试)The incident serves as a timely ________ (remind) of just how dangerous mountaineering can be.
15.(2022·黑龙江·双鸭山一中高三开学考试)Her hands were trembling with ________ (eager) as she opened the letter.
16.(2022·黑龙江·哈尔滨市第六中学校高三阶段练习)We should respect and maintain the ________(diverse) of the world’s civilizations.
17.(2022·黑龙江·哈尔滨市第六中学校高三阶段练习)He is 1. 8 meters in________ (high).
18.(2022·黑龙江·哈尔滨市第六中学校高三阶段练习)His ________ (express) changed from surprise to one of amusement.
19.(2022·黑龙江·哈尔滨市第六中学校高三阶段练习)At last they won their ________(free).
20.(2022·黑龙江·哈尔滨市第六中学校高三阶段练习)Activities will all take place under the _________(guide) of an experienced tutor.
21.We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland __________ (conserve), as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farmers from all backgrounds.
22.To earn some money to pay the daily __________(expense), I started work in a local café as a waiter.
23.Tropical plants like their __________(surround) bright and humid, while cacti need sunlight but very little water.
24.And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it’s the beanpoles with big __________ (appetite)you really need to avoid.
25.Some people—and I was one of them—believe that humorous ____________ (complaint) about the little problems of life make humor, and sometimes that is the case.
26.Jenny made up her mind to make an apology to her mother for her ____________(rude).
27.A bridge is being built in the ____________(distant) and its construction will be finished in a year.
28.Since it will be less than one month before the exam, I ’m under great ____________(press) now.
29.After ____________(graduate) from medical school, she decided to further her education in Paris.
30.Many patients in that country are not getting the medical ____________ (treat) they need.
31.They have some ____________(equip) in the garage to be sold.
32.Seeing the lines of trees, we all had a sense of ____________(achieve).
33.Because of the ________(apply) of this medical technology, some diseases can be treated at an early stage.
34.The ________(lose) of time can never be made up.
35.The AI industry in Australia is very small in ________(compare) with the rest of the world.
36.Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status ________ (seek).
37.Hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human ________ (settle), leading to the illusion that populations are higher than they actually are.
38.He runs two software __________(company).
39.You can share your children’s __________(curious) and have a discussion with them.
40.Our school has set up a new student __________ (organise) to better serve the students.
41.I wrote down the name and phone number of the hotel for future __________(refer).
42.When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ______ (compete) to watch.
43.The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be ________(afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even higher (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in ________(weigh) problems.
44.… and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ________(develop) of the local areas.
45.It is calculated by dividing a ________ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared.
46.Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.________(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)
47.…Charles Dresser, who performed their ________ (marry) ceremony in 1842.
48.Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ________ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ________ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
49.The writing project isn’t easy, but her readers have followed her on a journey to self- acceptance and __________ (confident).
50.The high cost of child-raising is one more__________ (difficult) Chinese policymakers face while dealing with rapidly decreasing birth rates.
51.In this city, there is the Pu'er Monument to the National Unity Oath, known as "the No. 1 Monument of New China for National Unity", Menglian Xuanfusi Department reflecting (reflect) the history and culture of the Dai nationality, and a batch of national dances and songs enjoying great ________(popular) including "Troth Plighting" and "Awa People Sing New Songs".
52.About 14 percent of the world’s food is lost during from________(produce) to retail (零售)...Wu Laping, a professor at China Agricultural University’s College of Economics and Management, said food loss and waste is________(large) affected by economic development.
53.As far as I am concerned, my ________ (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese English dictionary within easy reach.
54.The stores were overrun with rats and ________ (mouse).
55.She was at her ________ (dentist) for two hours yesterday.
56.You are working too hard. You'd better keep a balance between work and ________ (relax).
57.Two ________ (German) were seen enter the building an hour ago.
58.________ (curious) is part of children's nature. They always insist on getting to the bottom of everything.
59.The ________ (express) in her eyes told me something was wrong.
60.She was unable to attend the meeting because of the ________ (press) of work.
61.Yesterday I was invited to the dinner at the ________ (Turner).
62.Our local government awards 5,000 dollars to four_________(woman) nurses and two ________(man) doctors.
63.My mother would sit by the window, watching the falling_______(leaf) from the trees floating in the air.
64.Life is a ________ (mix) of good times and bad times, and happy moments and unhappy moments.
65.My presence is something they can draw real ________ (strong) and hope from.
66.After some time, when both of you have renewed your ________ (confident) in each other, go back to the time when you nearly fell apart.
67.Therefore, let’s take the ________ (responsible) to build up a low carbon city by riding e on and join us!
68.Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ___________ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ___________ (day) routines.
69.Extreme weather events can worsen many of these health ________ (threat).
70.McKinstry holds the ________ (believe) that the British are funny.
71.By the time of his death he was the best-selling Chinese author, and over 100 million ________ (copy) of his works have been sold worldwide.
72.The site has revolutionized experts’ understanding of how civilization evolved in ancient China. In particular, ________ (evident) of a unique Shu culture suggests that the kingdom developed independently of neighboring societies in the Yellow River Valley, which was traditionally considered to be the cradle of Chinese civilization.
73.Discoveries made at the site can date back to the 12th and 11th centuries BC, and many of the ________ (item) are now on display at an on-site museum.
74.If we choose long-lasting clothes, it helps solve two key________ (issue) at once-overconsumption and the declining quality of many clothes in stores these days.
75.This game adopted water ________ (conserve) and used other recycling materials to ensure the ecosystem was well protected.
76.…but if you conveniently throw it out, wind and run-off carry the waste down the sewer(污水管) and directly to the ocean, affecting the marine life including the fish, a main source of food for ________ (human).
77.Measuring 246 kilometres in ________(long), the new Nanlong Railway is a main transport link between south-east China and central (center) China.
78.The opening of the China-Laos Railway will thus help speed the ________ (develop) of the China-Laos Economic Corridor, and will further advance the building of a China-Laos community with a shared future.
79.In the Republic of Korea, young people are giving up on ________ (marry) and home owner-ship.
80.Each person’s handwriting is unique and conveys an individual’s________ (personal) and emotion.
81.When the answer was no,she declined the ________(invite).
82.A company ________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over the plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
83.He lost the ________ (elect) by one vote.
84.I regard ________ (creative) both as a gift and as a skill.
85.My parents are in a huge ________ (argue), and I am really upset about it.
86.Not only food and clothing but also medical ________ (treat) has been provided for the people who need it in the flooded areas.
87.Variations of this programme can be arranged to suit your ________ (require).
88.Anyhow they didn’t trust me, so they didn’t deserve a(an) ________ (explain).
89.The headmaster didn’t seem to be aware that there should have been so much ________ (disagree) about the decision.
90.The villagers here all respect him for his ________ (devote) to the health care.
91.Sorry, I can’t read the ________ (express) on her face.
92.I like discovering the________ (different) between different cultures.
93.The little boy was curious about everything around him, and his parents always satisfied his ________ (curious).
94.Compared to the advantages of the Internet, those of the television alone will not be enough to ensure its ________ (survive), and many people think the latter will be replaced.
95.We had no ________ (hesitate) in helping the sufferers when the terrible earthquake hit the country.
96.The ________ (arrive) of the plane has been delayed due to the fog.
97.In many ways my________ (disable) has helped me grow stronger psychologically and become more independent.
98.They often give ________ (perform) in pubs at weekends.
99.Tom was doing his homework and the boys who were playing outside his house added ________ (anxious) to him .
100.We would much appreciate ________ (guide) from an expert in this field.
参考答案:
1.populations【详解】考查名词复数。句意:GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系。根据句意可知,设空处应用可数名词population“种群”的复数的形式和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语。故填populations。
2. largest responsibility【详解】考查形容词最高级以及名词。句意:作为国际茶日的主要推动者,中国是茶叶的发源地和最大的茶叶生产国,有责任与其他国家一道促进茶业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知,中国是最大产茶国,所以用形容词的最高级形式,第一个空填largest;不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式,所以第二空填responsibility。故填①largest②responsibility。
3. populations eventually【详解】考查名词和副词。句意:大熊猫保护区的主要目的是改善大熊猫独立种群和家园之间的联系,并最终达到野外种群的理想水平。根据句意可知,空1处应用可数名词population “种群”的复数的形式和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语;空2处应用副词eventually作状语,修饰动词achieve。故空1填populations;空2填eventually。
4.ideas【详解】考查名词复数。句意:我们为什么还做梦呢?连科学家们都不完全确定,他们都有不同的看法。idea是可数名词,由diverse“不同的,多种多样的”修饰,应用名词复数形式。故填ideas。
5.responsibility【详解】考查名词。句意:作为国际茶日的主要推动者,茶的发源地和最大产茶国,中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据前文不定冠词a可知,此处应用其名词单数形式作宾语。故填responsibility。
6.watchtowers【详解】考查名词复数。句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和瞭望台停下来拍照,或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different(不同的)可知,此处应用可数名词watchtower的复数形式和gates并列作介词at的宾语。故填watchtowers。
7.Activities【详解】考查名词。句意:那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿,目的是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据句意和谓语动词range(动词原形)可知,此处应用可数名词activity的复数形式作主语。句首字母大写,故填Activities。
8.lines【详解】考查名词。句意:根据计划,这条高铁将有两条支线,一条到延庆站,另一条到崇礼的太子城,这是奥运村所在地。根据空格前数词two可知,此处应用名词复数,构成名词短语branch lines(支线)。故填lines。
9.length【详解】考查名词。句意:这条铁路全长174公里,是一条双线通道,沿途有10个车站。根据空格前冠词a及空格后介词of,可知此处要填名词,a length of 意为“……的长度……”在句中作宾语。故填length。
10.animals【详解】考查可数名词的单复数。句意:大熊猫是世界上最受欢迎并被保护的稀有动物之一,并且是世界上为数不多的被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产名录的动物之一。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查固定搭配one of +复数名词,表示“……之一”的意思。故填animals。
11.happiness【详解】考查名词。句意:视频总监郑飞虎表示:“我们希望为这场体育盛会增添更多欢乐,同时,观众可以了解中国传统文化”。此处缺少名词作动词add的宾语,表抽象意义,不可数,故填happiness。
12.subscription【详解】考查名词。句意:尽管图书馆对所有人开放,但所有读者都必须支付会员费或订阅费才能借书。or是表示选择关系的并列连词,连接前后两个并列的成分,由a可知空处填名词单数形式。故填subscription。
13.assumption【详解】考查名词。句意:科学家们曾经认为这个理论是基于一个错误的假设。分析句子可知,空格处应用名词,作介词“on”的宾语,“assume”意为“假设”,动词词性,对应的名词为“assumption”,意为“假设”,根据空格前“a”可知,空格处应用“assumption”的单数形式。故填assumption。
14.reminder【详解】考查名词。句意:这一事件及时地提醒人们登山是多么危险。timely是形容词,意为“及时的”,修饰名词,空格处用名词,remind的名词是reminder,意为“提醒物”,前面有a,空格处用单数,故填reminder。
15.eagerness【详解】考查名词。句意:她打开信时,双手因急切而颤抖。空格处用名词作宾语,eager的名词是eagerness,是不可数名词,意为“急切”,故填eagerness。
16.diversity【详解】考查名词。句意: 我们应该尊重和维护世界文明的多样性。由冠词the可知空处是名词;根据英文提示,应填diversity,在表示“多样化”时为不可数名词;故填diversity。
17.height【详解】考查名词。句意:他身高1.8米。in为介词后接名词height作宾语。故填height。
18.expression【详解】考查名词。句意:他的表情从惊讶变成了好笑。his是形容词性物主代词,后接名词;根据英文提示,应填expression,在表示“表情”时为不可数名词;故填expression。
19.freedom【详解】考查名词。句意:最后他们赢得了他们的自由。their是形容词性物主代词,后接名词作宾语;根据英文提示,应填freedom,为不可数名词;故填freedom。
20.guidance【详解】考查名词。句意:活动将在一位经验丰富的导师的指导下进行。空前“the”为定冠词,所填空应是名词。“guide”,动词,意为“指导;引导”,其名词形式为“guidance(指导;引导)”,作介词“under”的宾语。故填guidance。
21.conservation【详解】考查名词。句意:我们纽约金融中心需要广泛的支持,因为我们敦促国会加强农田保护,我们推动移民改革,我们寻求的政策将确保来自不同背景的形形色色的和雄心勃勃的下一代农民取得成功。分析句子可知,空格处应用名词,作“increase”的宾语,“conserve”意为“保护”,动词词性,对应的名词为“conservation”,意为“保护”,为不可数名词。故填conservation。
22.expenses【详解】考查名词的数。句意:为了挣一些钱来支付日常开支,我开始在当地一家café做服务员。作宾语,且表示复数意义应用复数名词expenses。故填expenses。
23.surroundings【详解】考查名词。句意:热带植物喜欢明亮潮湿的环境,而仙人掌需要阳光,但水分很少。作宾语,表示“环境”应用复数名词surroundings。故填surroundings。
24.appetites【详解】考查名词复数。句意:与现有的研究相反,你应该避免与体重较大的人一起吃饭,因为他们点的食物量很大,你真正需要避免的是那些胃口大的瘦高个子们。由the beanpoles 可知,这里指瘦高个子的胃,应用复数形式。故填appetites。
25.complaints【详解】考查名词复数。句意:有些人和我是其中之一,他们认为对生活中的小问题的幽默抱怨会让人觉得幽默,有时候就是这样。分析句子可知,形容词 humorous 后应加名词,且由谓语动词make可知,主语应用复数。故填complaints。
26.rudeness【详解】考查名词。句意:珍妮下定决心为她的粗鲁向她母亲道歉。根据句意和空格前的介词for以及形容词性物主代词her可知,空格处应该填入一个名词。故填rudeness。
27.distance【详解】考查名词。句意:远处正在修建一座桥,将在一年内完工。此处为短语in the distance表示“在远处”,故填distance。
28.pressure【详解】考查名词。句意:距离考试还有不到一个月的时间,我现在压力很大。根据前文介词under可知,此处应用名词pressure作介词宾语,under great pressure是固定短语。故填pressure。
29.graduation##graduating【详解】考查名词或动名词。句意:从医学院毕业后,她决定到巴黎继续深造。介词after后接名词或动名词形式。根据句意,故填graduation/graduating。
30.treatment【详解】考查名词。句意:那个国家的许多病人得不到他们需要的医疗。分析句子可知,“medical”为形容词,后接名词,作宾语,“treat”意为“治疗”,动词词性,对应的名词为“treatment”,意为“治疗”,为不可数名词。故填treatment。
31.equipment【详解】考查名词。句意:车库里有些设备要卖。分析句子可知,该空应填名词做宾语,equip的名词形式为equipment,是不可数名词。故填equipment。
32.achievement【详解】考查名词。句意:看到一排排的树,我们都有一种成就感。空处作介词of的宾语,应用名词achievement,sense of achievement表示“成就感”。故填achievement。
33.application【详解】考查名词。句意:由于这项医疗技术的应用,一些疾病可以在早期得到治疗。作宾语,表示“应用”应用名词application。故填application。
34.loss【详解】考查名词。句意:失去的时间永远也无法弥补。空处应填名词作主语,loss失去,丧失,不可数名词,故填loss。
35.comparison【详解】考查名词。句意:与世界其他国家相比,澳大利亚的人工智能产业规模很小。in comparison with与……相比,固定短语,故填comparison。
36.seekers【详解】考查名词。句意:临床心理学教授米奇·普林斯坦将大众分为两类:讨人喜欢的人和追求地位的人。分析句子结构,空处与the likable并列,应用名词seeker,表示“追求者”,使用名词的复数形式表示泛指。故填seekers。
37.settlements【详解】考查名词。句意:饥饿的熊可能正聚集在人类定居点周围,导致人们误以为其数量比实际数量高。结合语意,空处应用名词settlement,表示“定居点”,使用名词的复数形式表示泛指,作介词around的宾语。故填settlements。
38.companies【详解】考查名词的数。句意:他经营着两家软件公司。根据数词two可知,用名词的复数形式。故填companies。
39.curiosity【详解】考查名词。句意:你可以分享孩子的好奇心,并与他们讨论。children’s (curious)是名词所有格结构,用抽象名词curiosity作宾语。故填curiosity。
40.organisation【详解】考查名词的数。句意:我们学校成立了一个新的学生组织,以更好地为学生服务。结合不定冠词a,用单数名词organisation作宾语。故填organisation。
41.reference【详解】考查名词。句意:我记下了酒店的名字和电话号码,以备将来参考。用名词reference作宾语,for future reference (以备将来之用)。故填reference。
42.competition【详解】考查名词。句意:当他们下班后,他们邀请我们参加当地的活动,并让我们知道一个有趣的比赛可以观看。结合语意,空处应用名词competition,表示“比赛”,根据空前an可知,空处应用名词的单数形式,作介词of的宾语。故填competition。
43. affordable weight【详解】考查形容词和名词。句意:最明显的一个是钱;一周出去吃一两次可能是负担得起的,但如果每天都这样做,就会累加。你的健康成本可能更高。研究人员发现,外出就餐的增加与体重问题的增加有直接联系。第一空前为be,应用形容词作表语,afford的形容词为affordable,意为“付得起的”。第二空后有名词problems,结合句意,此处为名词修饰名词,weigh的名词为weight,名词短语weight problems,意为“体重问题”。故填:① affordable;② weight。
44.development【详解】考查名词。句意:……并且经常为保护提供资金,并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知,此处填入名词development来作动词benefits的宾语。故填development。
45.person’s【详解】考查名词所有格。句意:它是用一个人的体重(以千克为单位)除以身高(以米为单位)的平方来计算的。分析句子结构可知,person修饰名词weight,应用 person的名词所有格形式person’s。故填person’s。
46.Activities【详解】考查名词。句意:1980年被正式承认的科莫多国家公园因其独特的生物多样性而受到生态旅游的欢迎。从观鲸到徒步旅行,那里有各种各样的活动。分析句子结构可知,设空处位于句首,在句中作主语,根据谓语动词range可知,设空处应填给定的可数名词activity的复数形式。故填Activities。
47.marriage【详解】考查名词。句意:……查尔斯·德莱瑟,他在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词their,空后ceremony可知,此处可用名词形式,修饰名词ceremony;提示词marry意为“婚姻”,其名词形式为marriage,marriage ceremony意为“结婚典礼”。故填marriage。
48. protection meaningful【详解】1.考查名词。句意:曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾,以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知,此处应用名词protection,作宾语,protection表示“保护”时,是不可数名词。故填protection。
2.考查形容词。句意:曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构,应用形容词meaningful,作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
49.confidence【详解】考查名词。句意:写作计划并不容易,但她的读者跟随她踏上了自我接纳和自信的征程。根据句型分析可知,此空应和and前self- acceptance为并列关系,故应填名词confidence,为不可数名词。故填confidence。
50.difficulty【详解】考查名词。句意:养育孩子的高成本是中国政策制定者在面临解决出生率迅速下降问题的同时的又一个困难。分析句子结构可知,空格前面有one more修饰,所以这里需要可数名词单数形式做表语,表示“困难的事情”的意思。故填difficulty。
51.popularity【详解】考查名词。句意:这里有被誉为“新中国民族团结第一纪念碑”的普洱民族团结誓言碑,反映傣族历史文化的孟联宣福寺,还有《真理之路》、《阿瓦人唱新歌》等一批颇受欢迎的民族歌舞。根据句子结构可知,设空处应该填写名词作宾语。popular为形容词,意为“受欢迎的”,其名词为popularity,是不可数名词。故填popularity。
52. production largely【详解】考查名词和副词。句意:世界上大约14%的食物在从生产到零售的过程中被浪费掉了……中国农业大学经济管理学院教授吴腊平表示,粮食损失和浪费在很大程度上受经济发展的影响。分析句子可知,空处1前有介词from,且根据to retail中的retail为名词可知,此处也应用名词,根据语意,此处意为“生产”,应用production,抽象名词不可数,故填production。而由空处2后的动词affected可知,此处应用副词做状语修饰动词is affected,应用large的副词形式,故填largely。故空处1填production,空处2填largely。
53.suggestion【详解】考查词性转换。句意:就我而言,我的建议是我们应该随时准备一本笔记本和一本汉英词典。分析句子可知,空前my是形容词,修饰名词,设空处应填名词形式。根据后面is可知,主语是单数,应该用suggestion。故填suggestion。
54.mice【详解】考查名词。句意:这个商店里面到处都是老鼠。分析句子结构可知,设空处和前面rats并列,应该用复数形式作宾语,mouse的复数是mice。故填mice。
55.dentist's【详解】考查名词所有格。句意:昨天她在牙医那待了两个小时。根据句意可知,要表达“牙医诊所”,应该用名词所有格表示地点。故填dentist's。
56.relaxation【详解】考查词性转换。句意:你工作太努力了,你最好劳逸结合。分析句子结构可知,设空处与前面名词work并列,应该用名词形式作宾语。故填relaxation。
57.Germans【详解】考查名词。句意:有人看到两个德国人一小时前进入了大楼。分析句子结构可知,设空处应填名词作主语,且根据前面two,名词应该用复数形式。“德国人”复数形式为Germans。故填Germans。
58.Curiosity【详解】考查词性转换。句意:好奇是儿童天性的一部分。他们总是坚持要弄清所有事情的真相。分析句子结构可知,设空处作主语,应该用名词形式Curiosity。故填Curiosity。
59.expression【详解】考查名词。句意:她眼中的表情告诉我有些不对劲。定冠词the后接名词形式,在句中作主语。故填expression。
60.pressure【详解】考查名词。因为工作的压力,她没能参加这个会议。根据句意,空处表示“工作压力”,空格前由定冠词the修饰,必须填名词形式作宾语。pressure意为“压力”,名词。故填pressure。
61.Turners'【详解】考查名词所有格。句意:昨天我被邀请去特纳家吃饭。分析句意可知,要表达“Turner家”,应该用名词复数的所有格形式。故填Turners'。
62. women men【详解】考查名词的复数。句意:我们当地政府奖励了5千美元给4名女护士和2名男医生。根据four可知,“女护士”应用复数,是women nurses,因此第一空是women;根据two可知,“男医生”也应用复数,是men doctors,因此第二空是men。故填women,men。
63.leaves【详解】考查名词的复数。句意:母亲常常坐在窗边,看着树上飘落的树叶在空中飘动。leaf是可数名词,树的叶子肯定不止一片,因此空格处用复数leaves,故填leaves。
64.mixture【详解】考查名词。句意:生活是好时光和坏时光的混合体,幸福时刻和不幸福时刻的混合体。根据空前的不定冠词a可知,空处需要可数名词的单数形式,mixture为名词“结合体”。故填mixture。
65.strength【详解】考查名词。句意:我的存在是他们可以从中汲取真正力量和希望的东西。根据句意及句子结构可知,设空处被形容词real修饰,且与名词hope并列,故填不可数名词strength,表示“力量”,故填strength。
66.confidence【详解】考查名词。句意:过了一段时间,当你们都重新对对方充满信心时,回到你们几乎崩溃的时候。根据空前的形容词性物主代词your可知,空处需要名词作宾语。confidence为名词“自信”,符合题意。故填confidence。
67.responsibility【详解】考查名词。句意:因此,让我们通过骑自行车,承担起建设低碳城市的责任。来吧,加入我们!根据句意及句子结构可知,此处考查短语take the responsibility to do sth.,表示“承担起做某事的责任”,故填不可数名词responsibility,故填responsibility。
68. watchtowers daily【详解】考查可数名词单复数以及形容词。句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和瞭望台停下来,伪造照片,或者只是为了观看当地人的日常生活。根据and前面的gates可知,第一个空处也用名词复数形式,所以第一个空填watchtowers;第二个空修饰名词routines,应当使用形容词作定语,daily“每天的”符合题意。故填①watchtowers②daily。
69.threats【详解】考查名词的数。句意:极端天气事件会使这些健康威胁恶化。threat为可数名词,由these修饰应用复数形式。故填threats。
70.belief【详解】考查名词。句意:McKinstry认为英国人很有趣。根据定冠词the可知此处要用名词,做holds的宾语,且belief是不可数名词。故填belief。
71.copies【详解】考查名词复数。句意:到他去世时,他已经是中国最畅销的作家,他的作品已在全球售出超过1亿册。根据空前修饰词“100million”可知,设空处应用名词复数形式。故填copies。
72.evidence【详解】考查名词。句意:该遗址彻底改变了专家们对中国古代文明演变的理解。特别值得一提的是,有证据表明,独特的蜀文化表明,这个王国是独立于黄河流域的邻近社会发展起来的,而黄河流域传统上被认为是中国文明的摇篮。分析句子结构可知,此处应用名词作主语,evidence证据,不可数名词。故填evidence。
73.items【详解】考查名词复数。句意:该遗址的发现可以追溯到公元前12世纪和11世纪,许多物品现在正在现场博物馆展出。分析句子结构,根据并列句主语many,谓语动词are可知,设空处应用可数名词item复数形式。故填items。
74.issues【详解】考查名词复数。句意:我们购买耐穿的衣物的话,在一度过度消费和商店里衣物质量下降的今日,可以解决两个关键问题。数词two后接可数名词复数,issue的复数形式为issues,故用issues。
75.conservation【详解】考查名词。句意:这次比赛采用了节水措施和其他回收材料,以确保生态系统得到很好的保护。分析句子可知,空格处应用名词,作“adopted”的宾语,“conserve”意为“保存,节约”,动词词性,对应的名词为“conservation”,意为“保存,避免浪费”,为不可数名词。故填conservation。
76.humans【详解】考查名词。句意:每一块被制造出来的塑料都将以某种形式留在环境中,但如果你图方便把它扔掉,风和径流就会把垃圾带入下水道,直接流入海洋,影响海洋生物,包括鱼类,人类的主要食物来源。human为可数名词,此处表示“人类”应用复数形式。故填humans。
77.length【详解】考查名词。句意:新南龙铁路全长246公里,是连接中国东南部和中部的主要交通枢纽。介词in后接名词形式,long的名词是length,是不可数名词,in length意为“长度上”。故填length。
78.development【详解】考查名词。句意:因此,中老铁路的开通将有助于加快中老经济走廊的发展,并将进一步推动建设一个有着共同未来的中老共同体。分析句子结构可知,空前是定冠词the,空处应用用抽象名词development做动词speed的宾语。故填development。
79.marriage【详解】考查名词。句意:在韩国,年轻人正在放弃婚姻和房屋所有权。根据句意及所给句子可知,此处与and后的home owner-ship是并列成分,作giving up on的宾语,应用名词marriage。故填marriage。
80.personality【详解】考查名词。句意:每个人的笔迹都是独一无二的,传达着每个人的个性和情感。空处和emotion并列,需填名词作宾语,personal的名词是personality,由“an individual’s”可知,空格处用单数,故填personality。
81.invitation【详解】考查名词。句意:当回答是“不”时,她拒绝了邀请。分析句子结构可知,空前是定冠词the,所以空处应该用名词形式,此处作declined的宾语,故应用名词invitation。故填invitation。
82.representative【详解】考查名词。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语,用名词,前面有不定冠词修饰,用名词单数,所以填representative。
83.election【详解】考查名词。句意:他因一票之差落选了。分析句子可知,空格处作lost的宾语要用名词,election“选举”符合题意,此处特指“他”参加的这次选举,应用单数形式。故填election。
84.creativity【详解】考查名词。句意:我认为创造力既是一种天赋,也是一种技能。分析句子可知,动词regard后接名词creativity作宾语,且creativity表示“创造力”,为不可数名词,所以填creativity,其中regard sth. as...为固定搭配,表示“把某事物看作……”。故填creativity。
85.argument【详解】考查名词。句意:我的父母正在大吵一架,我真的很生气。根据所给句子可知,此处需要使用名词,被huge修饰,“argue”意为“争吵”,名词形式为“argument”,故填argument。
86.treatment【详解】考查名词。句意:不仅为受灾地区的人们提供了食物和衣服,而且还为他们提供了医疗服务。结合句意和空格前的形容词medical可知,此处应用treat的名词形式treatment“治疗”作主语,该词是不可数名词。故填treatment。
87.requirements【详解】考查名词。句意:这个节目的变化可以根据你的要求安排。requirement意为“要求,需要”,可数名词;由空前的your可知,设空处应用提示词的名词形式。此处应用其复数形式泛指。故填requirements。
88.explanation【详解】考查名词。句意:不管怎样他们都不信任我,所以他们不值得解释。分析可知,空处应填名词作宾语,explanation“解释”符合题意,冠词 a(an)后加名词单数形式。故填explanation。
89.disagreement【详解】考查名词。句意:校长似乎没有意识到对这个决定竟然有这么多的分歧。much修饰不可数名词,disagreement“不同意,反对”符合题意,抽象概念,不可数。故填disagreement。
90.devotion【详解】考查名词。句意:这里的村民都尊敬他对医疗保健的献身精神。此处应填名词作宾语,devotion“奉献,忠诚,献身”符合题意,是不可数名词。故填devotion。
91.expression【详解】考查名词。句意:对不起,我无法理解她脸上的表情。分析句子结构可知,空处需用名词作宾语;express的名词是expression“表情”,此处表示特指她脸上的表情需用单数。故填expression。
92.difference##differences【详解】考查名词。句意:我喜欢发现不同文化之间的差异。根据the可知,此处用名词作宾语,difference“差异”符合题意,该词为可数名词,不同文化之间的差异可能是一个,也可能是多个,故此处用单数和复数形式皆可。故填difference/differences。
93.curiosity【详解】考查名词。句意:这个小男孩对他周围的一切事物都很好奇,他的父母总是满足他的好奇心。his为形容词性物主代词,后面需接名词,curiosity好奇心,是不可数名词。故填curiosity.
94.survival【详解】考查名词。句意:与互联网的优势相比,电视本身的优势不足以保证其生存,很多人认为后者将被取代。此处缺少名词作动词ensure的宾语,表抽象意义,不可数,故填survival。
95.hesitation【详解】考查名词。句意:当可怕的地震袭击这个国家时,我们毫不犹豫地帮助灾民。空处应填名词作宾语,hesitation“犹豫”符合题意,have no hesitation in doing sth.“毫不犹豫地做某事”,固定搭配。故填hesitation。
96.arrival【详解】考查名词。句意:由于大雾飞机晚点达到。分析可知,此处用名词作主语,arrival“到达”,符合题意,抽象概念,不可数。故填arrival。
97.disability【详解】考查名词。句意:在许多方面,我的残疾帮助我在心理上变得更强大,变得更独立。形容词性物主代词后跟名词形式,且根据has可知,此处使用可数名词的单数形式,故填disability。
98.performances【详解】考查名词。句意:他们经常在周末去酒吧表演。give是及物动词,后面加所给词的名词形式作宾语,performance“表演”符合题意;根据They often可知,用复数。故填performances。
99.anxiety【详解】考查名词。句意:汤姆正在做家庭作业,在他家外面玩的孩子们给他增添了焦虑。分析句子可知,空处应填名词anxiety作动词added的宾语,表示“渴望,热望,焦虑”,此处是不可数名词。故填anxiety。
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
100.guidance【详解】考查名词。句意:我们非常感谢该领域专家的指导。根据句意可知,空处需用名词作appreciate的宾语;guide的名词形式是guidance,抽象概念,不可数。故填guidance