中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高考英语语法专题讲与练 专题七 谓语与非谓语动词
一、动词的基本形式一览表
形式 变化规则 构成方法 例词
原形 see, finish, teach, touch
现在时第三人称单数形式 一般情况 加-s look—looks, write—writes
以ch, sh, s, x结尾 加-es teach—teaches, finish—finishes, guess—guesses, mix—mixes
以o结尾 加-es do—does, go—goes
以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变y为i,加-es try—tries, cry—cries
过去式、过去分词规则变化 一般情况 加-ed stay—stayed, look—looked
以不发音e结尾 直接加-d decide—decided, hope—hoped
以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写这个辅音字母再加-ed stop—stopped, admit—admitted
以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变y为i,加-ed carry—carried, try—tried
现在分词 一般情况 加-ing go—going, read—reading
以不发音e结尾 去e,再加-ing have—having, write—writing
以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写这个辅音字母再加-ing cut—cutting, run—running
二、常用的10种动词时态的构成及其常用时间状语一览表
时态 构成 常用时间状语
一般现在时 动词原形(第三人称单数) always, usually, often, sometimes, every等
一般过去时 动词过去式 yesterday, the day before yesterday, the other day, last…, …ago等
一般将来时 will(shall)+动词原形 tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next…, in…day等
be going to+动词原形
be about to+动词原形
过去将来时 would+动词原形 多用于间接引语的宾语从句中
现在进行时 am(is, are)+现在分词 now, during these days等
过去进行时 was(were)+现在分词 at eight yesterday, at this time yesterday等
将来进行时 will(shall)+be+现在分词 at eight tomorrow, at this time tomorrow等
现在完成时 have(has)+过去分词 already, just, yet, since, for等
过去完成时 had+过去分词 by…, before等
现在完成进行时 have(has)+been+现在分词 for…, since…等
三、注意以下几种时态的区别
1. 一般过去时和现在完成时
(1) 一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态,常和表过去的时间状语连用,即仅谈过去,不谈现在。如:
I wrote a letter this morning. 今天早上我写了一封信。(只说明写过一封信的事实,现在不是早上了)
(2) 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或状态,但和现在有联系,可能刚结束,也可能继续下去。不能和表过去的时间状语连用,译成汉语时可加“已经”。如:
I have written a letter this morning. 今天早上我已经写了一封信。(已经写了一封信,有继续写第二封的可能,现在还是早上)
2. 一般过去时和过去进行时
(1) 一般过去时侧重于说明发生某动作的事实。如:
It rained heavily last night. 昨晚下的雨很大。(强调下雨,并不强调持续时间)
(2) 过去进行时侧重于强调在过去某个特定时间某动作的持续过程或表示动作正在进行。如:
It was raining cats and dogs last night. 昨晚一直在下倾盆大雨。(强调没停,一直持续)
3. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时
(1) 现在完成时在含义上着重表示动作的结果。如:
I have read the book. 我已经读了那本书。(已读完)
(2) 现在完成进行时着重表示动作一直在进行,即动作的延续性。如:
I have been reading that book all the morning. 今天早上我一直在读那本书。(还没读完)
动词的语态有两种:主动语态(the active voice)和被动语态(the passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如:
People speak English all over the world. 全世界的人都在讲英语。(the active voice)
English is spoken by people all over the world. (the passive voice)
四、动词的被动语态构成一览表(以ask为例)
常用被动语态 构成 常用被动语态 构成
一般现在时 am/is/are asked 现在完成时 have/has been asked
一般过去时 was/were asked 过去完成时 had been asked
一般将来时 will/shall be asked 过去将来时 would/should be asked
现在进行时 am/is/are being asked 过去将来完成时 would/should have been asked
过去进行时 was/were being asked 含有情态动词 can/must/may…be asked
注意事项 被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后面加not;短语动词的被动语态不可漏掉其中的介、副词。固定结构be going to, used to, have to, had better变为被动语态时,只需将其后的动词变为被动语态。如:We are not allowed to smoke. 不允许我们抽烟。/ He is often made fun of by his classmates. 他经常被他的同班同学捉弄。/ Newspaper used to be sent here at 10 a.m. 过去报纸常常是上午10点被送到的。
据说类动词,如:It is said/believed/supposed/reported that…, It is generally considered that…, It is well known that…等,及It must be admitted/pointed out that…等结构常以被动形式出现。
以下主动形式常表被动意义:The bike needs/wants/requires repairing. 这辆自行车需要修理。/ The film is worth seeing. 这部电影值得看。/ The door won’t shut/open. 这门不能关/开。/ The play won’t act. 这部戏不能演。/ The clothes wash well. 这些衣服很好洗。/ The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。/ The dish tastes delicious. 这份菜尝起来很美味。/ Water feels very cold. 水摸上去很冷。
不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态(即多数的瞬间动词):appear, die, disappear, end, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语:fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch, agree with, arrive at/in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等 系动词无被动语态(“keep”除外):be, appear, become, fall, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等
五、被动语态和系表结构的区别
1. 被动语态表示以主语为承受者的动作,而系表结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态。如:
The cup was broken by a boy. 这个杯子是被一个男孩打破的。(被动语态)
The cup is broken. 这杯子是破的。(系表结构)
2. 前者可有多种时态,而后者通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时。如:
My bike is being / will be / was repaired. (被动语态) 我的自行车正在被修理/将被修理/被修理过了。
He is/was interested in his work. (系表结构) 他对他的工作感兴趣。
3. 被动语态可跟by短语,表动作的执行者。如:
The dress was made by my mother. 这件衣服是我妈妈做的。
六、非谓语动词的分类、构成与功能一览表
非谓语形式 构成 特征和作用
时态和语态 否定式 复合结构
不定时 to do, to be doing, to have done, to have been doing to be done, to have been done 在to、动名词、分词前+not/never for sb. to do sth. 具有名词、副词和形容词的作用,在句中作主语、定语、表语、宾语、状语、宾补(在let, make, see, feel, notice等动词后作宾补时不带to)
分词 现在分词 doing, having done being done, having been done 具有副词、形容词的作用,在句中作定语、表语、状语、宾补(常用在see, find, feel, keep, get, have等动词之后)
过去分词 done
动名词 doing, having done being done, having been done sb.’s doing 具有名词的作用,在句中作主语、定语、表语、宾语
七、作宾语的非谓语动词比较
情况 常用动词
只接不定式作宾语的动词或短语 hope, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen
would like, take steps/measures/actions, make up one’s mind, try one’s best, make efforts to
只接动名词作宾语的动词或短语 mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, avoid, risk, resist, consider
feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to, adapt to
两 者 都 可 以 意义基本相同 begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue (接不定式多指具体的动作,接动名词多指一般或习惯行为)
need, want, allow, require (接动名词主动形式是表示被动意义,若接不定式则应用被动形式)
意义相反 stop to do 停止做手中的事,去做另外一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事
意义不同 remember/forget/regret to do (指动作尚未发生);remember/forget/regret doing (指动作已经发生) go on to do (接着做另外一件事) go on doing (接着做同一件事)
try to do (设法;努力去做) try doing (试着做) mean to do (打算做;企图做) mean doing (意思是;意味着)
can’t help (to) do (不能帮忙做) can’t help doing 忍不住/禁不住要做
八、非谓语动词作宾语补足语的区别
类别 常见动词 与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念 例句
不定式 ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage (接带to的不定式) 主谓关系;强调动作将发生或已经完成 I expect them to win the game.
have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make, observe, listen to (接不带to的不定式) I heard him call me several times.
现在 分词 notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel, observe, catch (即:感官动词和使役动词) 主谓关系;强调动作正在进行,尚未完成 I found her listening to the radio.
过去 分词 动宾关系;动作已经完成,多强调状态 We found the village greatly changed.
九、现在分词和过去分词的用法对比
分类 项目 现在分词 过去分词 例句
意义 表示主动意义 表示被动意义 I can hear him singing. I can hear the song sung in English.
动作 所表示的动作一般在进行中 所表示的动作已完成 China is a developing country while America is a developed one.
语义 意思为“令人……” 意思为“感到……” It is an exciting match, so we are excited.
十、特别提示
1. 关于不定式
(1) 不定式作介词宾语时,如前面有实义动词do(各种形式),则不定式不带to;否则不能省略to。如:
He did nothing all the morning but watch TV. 一早上他啥都没做,就看电视了。
He said nothing but to sleep. 他什么都没说就睡觉了。
(2) 不定式作定语时,如果不定式与所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系,且不定式的动词是不及物动词,介词不能省略。如:
I want a small room to live in. 我想住小房间。
I need a nice pen to write with. 我需要一支好用的笔写字。
(3) 不定式作感官动词和部分使役动词(let, make)的宾补,动词不定式不带to,但句子变成被动语态时,要带to。如:
I saw him go into the room. → He was seen to go into the room. 我看见他进了房间。
2. 关于分词
(1) 现在分词作补语表示动作正在进行,不定式作补语表示动作发生的全过程。如:
I saw him walking across the road. (正在穿过马路) 我看到他正在过马路。
I saw him walk across the road. (看到全过程,过了马路了) 我看到他过了马路。
(2) 及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的一般被动式(being done)都有被动意义,前者表示动作完成,后者表示动作正在进行。如:
The picture fixed on the wall was presented by a friend. (已经被订在墙上了) 订在墙上的画是一个朋友送的。
The picture being fixed on the wall was presented by a friend. (正被订在墙上) 正在往墙上订的画是一个朋友送的。
注意:不定式有表将来之意。如:The picture to be fixed on the wall was presented by a friend. (将要被订在墙上) 将要订在墙上的画是一个朋友送的。
(3) 分词的独立主格结构:如果分词短语的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致,需用一个独立结构(即保留分词的逻辑主语)或者由一个with/without引导的介词短语表达。如:
Time permitting, we will do another two exercises. 时间允许,我们将再做两个练习。
His work finished, he prepared to go home. = With his work finished, he prepared to go home. 完成工作后他准备回家。
3. 关于动名词
(1) 动名词作定语表所修饰词的用途;而现在分词表动作或状态、特征。
(2) 动名词的复合结构作宾语,动名词的逻辑主语可用宾格代词或不带所有格。但作主语不行。如:
Do you mind me/Tom smoking here 你介意我/汤姆在这儿吸烟吗?
My/Tom’s smoking here annoyed him. 我/汤姆在这儿吸烟让他很恼怒。
(3) 动名词作主语还可用于“There be no +动名词”结构和布告形式的省略结构中。如:
There is no knowing what he will do next. 不知道他下一步会做什么。
There is no denying the fact that children are more active. 不可否认,小孩子更好动。
考点练透
1.In 1969, the pollution ________ (be) terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio.
2.A small bowl ________ (buy) for $35 at a home in Connecticut turned out to be a rare piece of ancient Chinese art.
3.The books which were written by Zhou Meisen, a famous writer in Jiangsu, ________ (sell) well.
4.Nervously _______ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”.
5.(2022·浙江·高三专题练习)Some classmates suggest we ________ (go) to places of interest nearby.
6.She went on working though________(blame)by the manager.
7.The government has worked out a new regulation __________(aim) at reducing the road accidents.
8.She ________ (persuade) me to join the poetry and lit in me a fire for literature.
9.He told us he _________ (watch) TV instead of doing his homework then.
10.We must________ (strength) the defence works.
11.Not only ______ she been late three times, she has also done no work.
12.Climbing mountains ___(be) really fun.
13.Neither my parents nor my younger sister_______(be) at home today.
14.Only then __________ I understand what she meant.
15.Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ____(recommend)wonderful places to eat,shop,and visit.
16.The young man performed as if he _________ (be) a woman on the stage.
17.The picture quality as well as the special effects________(be )far better.
18.You should keep it in mind that diet __________ (cure) more than the doctor.
19.The little boy __________ (imitate) his father's way of walking.
20.He __________ (apply) himself to the task with diligence all year round in 2009.
21.Up to now, the terrible accident has caused 2 deaths and 35______ , my friend Jim seriously _________as well. I never believe it would________ so many people. (injure)
22.(2020·黑龙江·齐齐哈尔市第十六中学校高三期中)That mistake seriously_____________(danger) the future of the company.
23.Gossip also can have a third effect:it____________(strength)unwritten,unspoken rules about how people should act.
24.He had a car accident and the blood __________(flow) immediately from the cut on his head.
25.They will have you__________(arrest) if you don’t pay taxes, because it is everyone’s duty to pay taxes.
26.Look! The box___________ a number of letters, which___________ those from his students. (contain/include)
27.Bob wrote a poem about the butterfly and he had it ________(polish) before it was published.
28.The teacher told us that the Second World War___________(break)out in 1939.
29.Tom was excited as it was the first time that he ________(fulfil) his potential.
30.I couldn't very well reject ________(assist) the police with their inquiries.
31.(2022·黑龙江·鹤岗一中高三开学考试)If you assume his guess______(be) true, what do you plan to do next
32.(2022·黑龙江·鹤岗一中高三开学考试)The opening paragraph is mainly intended____ (attract) the readers’ interest in the subject.
33.(2022·湖南·长沙一中高三开学考试)While regularly eating out seems _________________ (become) common for many young people in recent years, it is not without a cost.
34.(2022·黑龙江·双鸭山一中高三开学考试)Predators have been observed ________ (avoid) attacking brightly coloured species.
35.(2022·黑龙江·双鸭山一中高三开学考试)The more stress you are under, the more likely you are ________ (catch) a cold.
36.(2022·黑龙江·哈尔滨市第六中学校高三阶段练习)He smiled suddenly, ________ (expose) a set of amazingly white teeth.
37.Although __________ (force) to walk away a little out of fear, the bird kept turning around to make sure that he was following.
38.A pitcher needs to throw the ball with one hand and __________ (wear) a baseball glove on the other—something that Jim couldn’t do.
39.You can’t imagine what a hard time she had __________ (raise) the four children.
40.According to a recent survey, children spent up to 25 hours a week __________ (watch) TV.
41.Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time__________ (pass) the exam.
42.No child shall be, unless __________ (accompany) by an adult, allowed out of the school during the day.
43.Anyone, once __________ (test) positive for novel corona-virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.
44.________(work out) the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times.
45.While waiting for the opportunity to get________(promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.
46.Today there are more airplanes________(carry) more people than ever before in the skies.
47.The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras ________(return) to our shop for quality problems.
48.The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without ________(recognize).
49.He is thought ________(act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.
50.The best way to success is to stop ________ (regret) for the past or worrying about the future, but to start focusing on what you can do at present.
51.She pretended__________________(read) a novel when I came into the room.
52.The boy pretended__________________(finish) his homework.
53.We mustn’t pretend__________________(know) what we don’t know.
54.__________________(tell) many times, he still repeated the same mistake.
55.As we approached the village,we saw new houses________(build).
56.With the key _________, he had to wait outside the door. (lose)
57.With a lot of difficult problems_________,he can't get home early. (settle)
58.Sport has become an important form of entertainment, ______ (appeal) to both men and women.
59.I don’t envy him ________(visit) the city of Sansha, because I have been there several times.
60.The building________________(repair) now is our library.
61.I appreciated________(give)the chance to study abroad two years ago.
62.I can’t bear_________(laugh at) by them.
63.The bridge_________(build) now will be completed in two weeks.
64._________(give) such a good chance, you might as well make full use of it.
65.Afraid of_________(attack) by sharks, people dare not go swimming in the sea.
66.The road is covered with some fallen tress and they need __________________(remove) immediately.
67.______________(laugh) at in public is a terrible experience.
68.Don’t be angry with me for_________(not invite) to the party.
69.What worried the child most was his________________ (not allow) to visit his mother in the hospital.
70.________________(ask) to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
71._________(show) around the Water Cube, we were taken to see the Bird's Nest.
72.The little girl was really terrified of_________ (leave) alone in that dark house.
73.The building_________(repair) is our library.
74.They encouraged the_________to_________in the singing performance after the contest. (participate)
75.I prefer____(go) swimming rather than go fishing.
76.It is impossible____(persuade) Peter to change his mind.
77.When we got a call____________(say)she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.
78.On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm, ________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
79.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required ________(process)the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
80.It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become __________(educate) about the areas — both in terms of geographical conditions....
81.One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait done so he called all great artists to come and __________ (present) their finest work, so that he could choose the best.
82.Yuri Gagarin became the first man ______ (fly) in space.
83.And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats ________(stick) miles from the sea.
84.It encourages us ________(occupy) our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.
85.Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of ________ (vary)weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground.
86.However, her children have learned an important lesson ________(witness) their mother earn her degree.
87.But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in __________(adopt) the sport.
88.“We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants ____________ (replace) functions of the things that we use every day, ” explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
89.Some people tend ____________ (look)down upon disabled people and regard them as unfit for a regular life.
90.He says it’s not easy ________(convince) people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it.
91.____________(inspire) by her new understanding, Emily spent the rest of her year in England taking courses in communications and media studies.
92.As the boy is addicted to ____________(play) computer games, he has lost all interest in his lessons.
93.____________(bury) in the newspaper, he didn’t notice what was happening.
94.Then I saw it—a thin arm ____________(wave) weakly a few yards away.
95.I observed some young students ____________(swim) in the river then.
96.When it comes to ____________(keep) healthy, playing sports enjoys widespread popularity among people.
97.As the small boat moved gently along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently ________ (reflect) in the water.
98.He is in love with music, which enables him ____________ (contact) many famous musicians.
99.____________(assume) that you can have a second chance, what will you do
100.So far, about 40 houses have fallen down under the weight of the snow, with 22 people ___________(injure).
参考答案:
1.was【详解】考查动词的时态。句意:1969年,俄亥俄州克利夫兰附近的凯霍加河沿岸污染严重。根据句中时间状语“In 1969”可知,此处描述的是过去发生的事,所以用一般过去时态。故填was。
2.bought【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在康涅狄格州的一个家里花35美元买的一个小碗原来是一件罕见的中国古代艺术品。分析句子结构和句意可知,此句已有谓语turned,所以此空用非谓语作空前名词a small bowl的后置定语,且碗是“被买”,所以用过去分词,表示被动。故填bought。
3.sell【详解】考查动词语态。句意:这些书是由江苏著名作家周梅森写的,卖得很好。提示词在句中作谓语动词,sell用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。句子的主语“The books which were written by Zhou Meisen”是复数,故填sell。 |
4.facing【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:紧张地面对挑战,我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析句子结构可知,句子谓语为know,设空处作句子的状语,要用非谓语动词,face与逻辑主语I之间是主谓关系,应用现在分词作状语。故填facing。
5.go##should go
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:一些同学建议我们应去附近的名胜古迹。根据句子结构和所给动词,谓语动词suggest做“建议”讲时,后接的宾语从句的谓语通常用“(should+)动词原形”,should可省略。故填go或should go。
6.blamed【详解】考查省略句。句意:虽然她被经理责备了,但还在继续工作。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查though引导的让步状语从句的省略结构,省略了从句的主语和be动词,所以完整的从句是though she was blamed by the manager,blame和主语she之间是被动的关系。故填blamed。
7.aimed##aiming【详解】考查分词用法。句意:政府已经制定出了一个目的在于减少道路事故的新规则。动词短语aim at doing sth意为“旨在于做某事”,该短语和a new regulation构成主动关系,可以用现在分词短语aiming at……做定语。形容词短语be aimed at doing与aim at doing sth意义相同。可以使用形容词定语aimed at……做定语。故答案为aimed/aiming。
8.persuaded 【详解】考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“lit in me a fire for literature”可知,此处表述的是过去发生的事情。另外连词and连接了两个并列的谓语动词,所以需要保持时态的一致性。故填persuaded。
9.was watching【详解】考查谓语。句意:他告诉我们他当时在看电视而不是在写作业。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查过去进行时的谓语动词,有时间状语“then”表示强调这个动作当时正在发生。主语是“he”,所以be动词用单数形式was。故填was watching。
10.strengthen【详解】考查及物动词。句意:我们必须加强防御工作。情态动词must后跟动词原形,所给词strength是名词,其动词是strengthen,且是及物动词,后面是名词works作宾语。故填strengthen。
11.has【详解】考查倒装句和助动词。句意:她不但迟到了三次,而且什么工作也没做。not only置于句首,使用部分倒装,空处需填助动词,结合“has also done”可知,此处为现在完成时,主语为she,助动词使用has。故填has。
12.is【详解】考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意:爬山真有趣。非谓语动词(动名词)作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数,根据句意,句子为一般现在时。故填is。
13.is【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:我父母和我妹妹今天都不在家。由句中使用neither ...nor(既不……也不)连接两个主语可知,主谓一致应遵循“就近原则”,即和较近的主语保持一致,就近的主语“my sister”为单数,谓语动词用三单,根据时间状语today(今天)可知,时态为一般现在时,故填is。
14.did【详解】考查倒装及时态。句意:直到那时我才明白她的意思。only+状语位于句首,后部分倒装,把助动词提前。根据从句时态可知,用一般过去时。故填did。
15.recommended【详解】考查时态。句意:我们的主人分享了他们的许多经验,并推荐了美食、购物和参观的好地方。分析句子结构可知,空格前的主语是Our hosts ,该空处是谓语,再根据shared可知,该句是过去发生的事情,该空处应该填recommend的过去时形式recommended。故填recommended。
16.were【详解】考查谓语。句意:那位男人在舞台上表现的好像是一个女人一样。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查“as if”引导的方式状语从句的虚拟语气结构,从句谓语跟主句谓语“performed”是同时发生,要用一般过去式的形式,be动词要用were。故填were。
17.is【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意:画质和特效都要好得多。主语后跟as well as…,谓语动词仍然要与主语The picture保持一致,be动词用单数,且句子表达的是一般的状况,所以用一般现在时。故填is。
18.cures【详解】考查时态。句意:你应该记住,饮食治病比看医生更有疗效。由should keep可知时态是一般现在时;cure用作不及物动词时,可用病、伤、恶习作主语,其主动形式含有被动意义;以药物或疗法作主语时,意为“有疗效”,根据主语diet可知此处谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故填cures。
19.imitates【详解】考查动词和时态。句意:这个小男孩模仿他父亲走路的样子。此句主语为The little boy,此处是谓语动词,由句意可知时态是一般现在时,因此动词要用第三人称单数形式。故填imitates。
20.applied【详解】考查动词和时态。句意:2009年,他全年都在兢兢业业地工作。此句主语为He,缺少谓语动词,由in 2009可知时态为一般过去时,apply的过去式是applied;短语apply oneself to“致力于…...”。故填applied。
21. injuries injured injure【详解】考查名词、时态和动词。句意:到目前为止,这场可怕的事故已经造成2人死亡,35人受伤,我的朋友吉姆也受了重伤。我不相信它会伤害这么多人。第一个空,作has caused的宾语,用名词,前面有35修饰,用名词复数,所以第一个空填injuries;描述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时,在一般过去时中,用动词的过去式,所以第二个空填injured;it would________ so many people.是一个省略了that的宾语从句,第三个空作宾语从句的谓语,情态动词would后,用动词原形,所以第三个空填injure。
22.endangered【详解】考查动词和时态。句意:那个错误严重地危及公司的未来。根据句意可知描述过去的事情用一般过去时态,且副词seriously修饰动词。故填endangered。
【点睛】
23.strengthens【详解】考查实义动词与主谓一致。句意:闲话还有第三个影响:它加强了不成文的,不言而喻的规则,这些规则就是人们应该如何行事。冒号后是对effect的解释,应该是一个结构完整的句子。由冒号前句子可以看出这是陈述一般的事实,应使用一般现在时。冒号后句子缺少谓语,主语为it,所以填动词的第三人称单数形式。“strength(力量)”的动词形式为“strengthen(加强、巩固)”,故填strengthens。
24.flowed【详解】考查时态。句意:他遇到了交通事故,血立刻从头部的伤口处流了出来。根据前半句中“had a car accident”可知,本句讲述的是过去发生的事情,后半句中的并列结构也应该使用一般过去时,故答案为flowed。
25.arrested【详解】考查非谓语动词,句意:如果你不交税,他们会把你逮捕的,因为交税是每个人的义务。本句的谓语为have,此处考查动词短语“have sb+补语”,have的宾语为you,arrest与you之间为动宾关系,应用过去分词arrested,作you的补语。故填arrested。
26. contains include【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:看!盒子里有许多信,其中包括他的学生寄来的。分析句子结构可知,两个空在句中都作谓语,应用动词形式;结合句意及前面的look可知,此处表示现在发生的事,是对一般事实的陈述,故应一般现在时;第一空主语为the box,单数形式,故谓语动词用单数形式;第二空作which引导的定语从句的谓语,应根据先行词的单复数确定其形式,先行词为letters,复数形式,故谓语动词用复数形式。故填contains和include。
27.polished【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:鲍勃写了一首关于蝴蝶的诗,在出版前他把它润色了一下。分析句子结构可知,所设空处作宾语补足语,该句使用了“have + 宾语 +宾补”结构,该句中,宾语it与所给提示词polish之间为被动关系,所以应用过去分词作宾补,故填polished。
28.broke【详解】考查动词时态。句意:老师告诉我们第二次世界大战于1939年爆发。break out为固定搭配,意为“爆发”,第二次世界大战发生在过去,用一般过去时。故填broke。
29.had fulfilled【详解】考查时态和固定句型。句意:汤姆很兴奋,因为这是他第一次发挥自己的潜力。根据句意和句子结构,此题考查句型it was the first time that sb had done sth,意为“这是某人第一次做某事”,设空处英语过去完成时态。动词fulfil,意为“实现”,设空处应填had fulfilled。
30.assisting【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我不能拒绝协助警方进行调查。所给词assist,动词,意为“帮助,协助”;此题考查reject doing sth,意为“拒绝做某事”,reject后接动名词,作宾语。故填assisting。
31.to be【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:如果你假设他的猜测是真的,你下一步打算做什么 assume something to be表示“假设某物是”,用动词不定式作宾补。故填to be。
32.to attract【详解】考查非谓语。句意:开头的一段主要是为了吸引读者对这个主题的兴趣。根据短语be intended to do sth.“打算做某事”可知,空处应填不定式。故填to attract。
33.to have become【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:虽然近年来,经常下馆子似乎已经成为许多年轻人的普遍现象,但这并不是没有成本的。seem to do似乎做,此处非谓语表示的动作明显发生在谓语seem之前,所以用不定式的完成式作宾语。故填to have become。
34.to avoid【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:据观察发现,捕食性动物会避免袭击色彩鲜艳的物种。observe sb. do sth.观察某人做某事,为省to的不定式结构,其被动语态要加上to。故填to avoid。
35.to catch【详解】考查不定式。句意:你的压力越大,你就越可能感冒。此处考查固定搭配be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”,空处应填不定式。故填to catch。
36.exposing【详解】考查现在分词。句意:他突然笑了,露出了一口白得惊人的牙齿。本句已有谓语,空处用非谓语;主语与expose之间是主动关系,用现在分词作伴随状语;故填exposing。
37.forced【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管由于害怕,这只鸟被迫走开了一点,但它还是不停地转过身来,以确保他正跟着。分析句子可知,空格处为非谓语,动词force和主语the bird之间是被动关系,故用其过去分词,作状语;用于连词Although之后,相当于it was forced,(此处it was可省略)。故填forced。
38.wear【详解】考查动词不定式省略。句意:投手需要一只手投球,另一只手戴棒球手套,这是吉姆做不到的。此空和and前动词不定式to throw并列,应该用动词不定式,且并列的两个动词不定式,第二个动词不定式中的to可省略。故填wear。
39.raising【详解】考查动名词。句意:你无法想象她抚养四个孩子有多辛苦。分析句子可知,“she had (raise) the four children.”是定语从句,“what a hard time”作had的宾语,have a hard time (in) doing“做某事有困难”,介词in可以省略,故用动名词作宾语。故答案是raising。
40.watching【详解】考查动名词。句意:根据最近的一项调查,孩子们每周看电视的时间高达25小时。根据上文的spend可知,此处用用固定短语spend time (in) doing sth表示“花费时间做某事”符合语境,所以空处应该用提示词的动名词形式作宾语。故填watching。
41.passing【详解】考查固定搭配。句意:由于卧病在床近一个月,他在通过考试上过的很困难。固定搭配have a hard time (in) doing表示“做某事有困难”的意思,介词in可以省略,后面跟动名词做宾语。故答案是passing。
42.accompanied【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:除非由父母陪同,否则孩子一律不允许在白天外出。动词accompany与句子主语构成逻辑上被动关系,故用过去分词作状语;也可以理解为状语从句的省略,如果主从句主语一致,从句中含有be动词的形式,可以省略从句的主语和be动词,还原状语从句是:unless he is accompanied,省略he is,保留过分词accompanied。故填accompanied。
43.tested【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:任何人只要被检测出新冠病毒呈阳性,都将享受政府免费医疗。本句谓语为receive,且无连词,故所给动词应为非谓语动词,动词test与句子主语anyone构成逻辑上被动关系,故用过去分词作状语。故填tested。
44.To work out【详解】本题考查非谓语动词。句意:为了解决这道数学难题,我已经咨询Russell教授好多次了。根据句意以及前后语意逻辑关系可知,此处应该是“为了算出”那道数学难题,用动词不定式表目的。故答案为To work out。
45.promoted【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:亨利在等待升职机会的同时,在尽力做好自己的本职工作。主语Henry与promote之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,应使用被动语态。此处为get型被动语态,为“get+过去分词”。故答案为promoted。
46.carrying【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:和过去相比,现在空中的飞机数量多了,飞机的载客量也更大了。分析句子结构可知,此处是非谓语动词作定语修饰airplanes,且carry为airplanes主动发出的动作,故应用动词 ing形式carrying。故填carrying。
47.returned【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:生产商定期来收回那些因为质量问题而被退回到我们商店的照相机。cameras与return之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作后置定语,表示被动和完成的动作。故填returned。
48.being recognized【详解】本题考查非谓语动词。句意:那位影星戴着墨镜,因此他可以在没人认出的情况下购物了。without为介词,后面接动名词形式;the film star与recognize之间存在被动关系,故用动名词的被动式,即“being done”结构。故答案为being recognized。
49.to have acted【详解】考查不定式作补语。句意:他被认为做了愚蠢的事。现在对于失去工作这件事,他只能怪自己。be thought to do sth. 表示“被认为做了某事”;由句意可知,act的动作发生在think之前。故填to have acted。
50.regretting【详解】考查动词形式。句意:成功的最好方法是停止对过去的遗憾或对未来的担忧,而是开始关注你现在能做什么。表示“停止正在做的事”是stop doing sth. regret要双写t加-ing,故填regretting.
51.to be reading【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当我进入房间时她假装在读小说。表示“假装正在做某事”是pretend to be doing sth.,be doing表示正在进行,故填to be reading。
52.to have finished【详解】考查不定式。句意:男孩假装已经完成了作业。由“his homework”可知,句子表示“男孩假装已经完成了作业”,表示“假装已经做完某事”是pretend to have done sth.,have done表示完成,故填to have finished。
53.to know【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们一定不要不懂装懂。短语pretend to do sth.表示“假装做某事”。故填to know。
54.Having been told【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管被告诉了很多次,他仍旧犯同样的错误。he与tell之间是被动关系, 而tell 发生在repeated之前,所以用现在分词完成被动式作状语,句首单词注意首字母大写,故填Having been told。
55.being built【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当我们走近村子时,我们看见正在盖新房。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词saw,设空处只能填非谓语动词形式,其逻辑主语为new houses,二者之间为被动关系,且与谓语动词动作同时发生,应用being done。故填being built。
56.lost【详解】考查过去分词。句意:钥匙丢了,他只好在门外等。分析句子结构可知,此处考查了with的复合结构,其构成为:with+n+非谓语动词;key与lose之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,用过去分词表示被动。故填lost。
57.to settle【详解】考查动词不定式。句意:由于有许多难题需要解决,他无法早回家。此处是with的复合结构,其构成为:with+n+非谓语动词;根据句意可知此处用不定式表示将要发生的事情,所以空处需用动词不定式。故填to settle。
58.appealing【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:体育运动已经成为一种重要的娱乐形式,吸引了男性和女性。此处是现在分词作自然的结果状语,故答案为appealing。
59.visiting【详解】考查固定搭配。句意:我不羡慕他参观三沙市,因为我去过那里好几次了。envy sb. doing sth.表示“羡慕某人做某事”,故填visiting。
60.being repaired【详解】句意:正在修葺的那座楼是我们的图书馆。building与repair之间是被动关系,now表明动作正在进行,应该用现在分词的被动式作后置定语,故填being repaired。
61.having been given【详解】句意:我非常感激两年前给了我出国留学的机会。appreciate 后接动名词作宾语,I与give之间是被动关系,而且动作是两年前发生的,先于appreciated,故填having been given。
62.being laughed at【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我不能容忍被他们嘲笑。bear后接动名词作宾语,I与laugh at之间是被动关系,故填being laughed at。
63.being built【详解】考查现在分词。句意:正在修建的那座桥将在两周内完工。bridge与build之间是被动关系,now表明动作正在进行,故用being built做后置定语。故填being built。
64.Having been given【详解】句意:既然给你这么好的机会,你不妨充分利用它。you 与give之间是被动关系,而且give发生在make full use of之前,所以用现在分词被动完成式作状语,故填Having been given。
65.being attacked【详解】句意:由于害怕被鲨鱼袭击,人们不敢在海里游泳。Afraid of后接动名词作宾语,people与attack之间是被动关系,故填being attacked。
66.removing/to be removed【详解】句意:这条路被一些倒下来的树覆盖着,它们需要马上搬走。need doing和need to be done都表示“需要被……”,故填removing/to be removed。
67.Being laughed【详解】句意:在公共场合被嘲笑是一种可怕的经历。作主语用动名词,而且表示“被嘲笑”,故填Being laughed。
68.not being invited【详解】句意:不要因为我没有被邀请参加聚会而生我的气。介词for后接动名词作宾语,me与invite之间是被动关系,动名词的否定形式是not+动名词,故填not being invited。
69.not being allowed【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这个孩子最担心的是不让他去医院探望妈妈。分析句子结构可知此处用动名词作表语,逻辑主语child与allow是被动关系,所以用动名词的被动式,动名词的否定形式是not+动名词,故填not being allowed。
70.Having been asked【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:由于那天晚上被要求加班,我错过了一部精彩的电影。ask与I之间是被动关系,而且发生在missed之前,所以用现在分词被动完成式作状语,故填Having been asked。
71.Having been shown【详解】考查现在分词。句意:在参观了水立方之后,我们被带去参观了鸟巢。设空处为非谓语,用现在分词作状语,we与show之间是被动关系,而且show发生在were taken to see之前,故填Having been shown。
72.being left【详解】考查非谓语。句意:那个小女孩真的很害怕把她独自留在黑暗的房子里。terrified of后接动名词作宾语,girl与leave之间是被动关系,故填being left。
73.being repaired【详解】句意:正在修葺的那座楼是我们的图书馆。building与repair之间是被动关系,语境表明动作正在进行,应该用现在分词的被动式作后置定语,故填being repaired。
74. participants participate【详解】考查名词和动词。句意:他们鼓励参赛者在比赛后参加歌唱表演。第一空用名词作宾语,用复数表泛指,故填participants,第二空participate in表示“参加”,上文为encourage sb. to do sth.。故填participate。
75.to go【详解】句意:我宁愿去游泳也不愿去钓鱼。prefer to do rather than do表示“宁愿……也不愿……”,故填to go。
76.to persuade【详解】句意:说服Peter改变主意是不可能的。It is+adj+to do表示“做某事是……的”,故填to persuade。
77.saying【详解】考查现在分词。句意:当我们接到电话说她入围了,我们以为是个玩笑。本句已有主语,say用非谓语,call与say之间是主动关系,用say的现在分词形式表主动,作后置定语,故填saying。
78.listening【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在我们为期一周的逗留的最后一天,我们被邀请到一个美丽的农场参加一场私人音乐会,聆听音乐家的演奏,并会见有趣的当地人。分析句子结构,空处与meeting并列,作非谓语动词,listen与逻辑主语we之间是主动关系,应用现在分词形式作状语。故填listening。
79.to process【详解】考查动词不定式。句意:脂肪和盐是饮食中非常重要的部分。它们需要处理我们所吃的食物、从受伤中恢复以及执行其他一些身体功能。“be required to do sth.”意为“被要求做某事”,根据上文“They are required ”可知,设空处需用动词不定式做主语补足语。故填to process。
80.educated【详解】考查过去分词。句意:它与传统旅游不同,因为它可以让旅行者了解当地——从地理条件上……educate和traveler之间是被动关系,应用过去分词作表语。故填educated。
81.present【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:一天,皇帝想为自己画像,就把所有伟大的艺术家都叫来,把他们最好的作品送给皇帝,这样他就可以挑选最好的。present“赠送”,动词词性,与and前的to come是并列成分,省略不定式符号to,作宾语补足语。故填present。
82.to fly【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:尤里·加加林成为第一个在太空飞行的人。分析句子结构空处应填非谓语动词的形式,空前的名词man被序数词the first修饰,此时应用不定式作后置定语。故填to fly。
83.stuck【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦,他对沙尘暴、疾病和被困在海上数英里的渔船感到难过。分析句子可知,is saddened是谓语,空处与谓语动词之间无连词连接,故空处应填动词的非谓语形式作后置定语,空处与前文的逻辑主语fishing boats之间是被动关系,此处意为“被困住”,故空处应用过去分词作后置定语。故填stuck。
84.to occupy【详解】考查动词不定式。句意:它鼓励我们占据自己的小角落,避免愚蠢地跳入黑暗,获得满足。encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事,固定搭配,所以空处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to occupy。
85.varying【详解】考查现在分词。句意:当伽利略把不同重量的物体从比萨斜塔上扔下来,并计算它们落地的时间的时候,他不仅仅是雄心勃勃。分析句子可知,空处应填现在分词varying,作定语修饰名词weights,表示“可变化的”,也就是说本来是一个东西,但是没有固定参数,这里是指不同参数下的重量。而形容词various表示“各种各样的,具有不同特征的”,不符合句意。故填varying。
86.witnessing【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:然而,她的孩子们从目睹母亲获得学位中学到了重要的一课。分析句子结构可知witness在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语children构成主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。故填witnessing。
87.adopting【详解】考查非谓语。句意:但这项运动的奇怪形式确实给脚踝和髋部带来了相当大的压力,因此有过此类损伤病史的人在接受这项运动时可能需要谨慎。分析句子可知,介词in后面动词应用动名词结构形式。故填adopting。
88.to replace【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:“我们正在考虑如何设计植物来取代我们日常使用的东西的功能,”麻省理工学院化学工程教授迈克尔·斯特拉诺解释说。replace在句中作目的状语,应用不定式。故填to replace。
89.to look【详解】考查非谓语。句意:有些人往往看不起残疾人,认为他们不适合正常生活。分析句子可知,这里考查 tend to do表“倾向于做”,为固定搭配。故填to look。
90.to convince【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他说要让人们相信海狸鼠皮是绿色的并不容易,但他对此毫无疑问。分析句子可知says之后是一个省略了引导词的宾语从句,其中it作形式主语,动词不定式是真正的主语。故填to convince。
91.Inspired【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在新认识的启发下,艾米丽在英国学习了传播学和媒体学。be inspired by受到……的启发,在句中作状语,所以用过去分词作状语。故填Inspired。
92.playing【详解】考查动名词。句意:由于这个男孩沉迷于玩电脑游戏,他对学习失去了兴趣。“be addicted to doing”是固定短语,意为“沉迷于做某事”,因此空格处用动名词作宾语,故填playing。
93.Buried【详解】考查过去分词。句意:埋头于报纸里,他没有注意到发生了什么。be buried in (埋头于、专心于),无连词,该空用作非谓语动词,用过去分词buried作状语,首字母大写。故填Buried。
94.waving【详解】考查现在分词。句意:然后我看到了它——一只瘦弱的手臂,在几码远的地方无力地摆动着。本句已有谓语saw且无连词,动词wave用非谓语形式,宾语it—a thin arm和非谓语动词wave是主动关系,wave用现在分词表正在进行,作宾补。故填waving。
95.swimming【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当时我看到一些年轻学生在河里游泳。结合短语observe sb. doing sth.,意为“看见某人正在干某事”,可知用现在分词swimming作宾语补足语。故填swimming。
96.keeping【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:说到保持健康,体育运动在人们中广受欢迎。短语when it comes to,意为“当涉及到,谈到,说到”,其中to是介词,后接keep的动名词keeping作宾语。故填keeping。
97.reflected【详解】考查过去分词。句意:当小船轻轻地沿着河流行驶时,他被静静地倒映在水中的群山弄得哑口无言。分析可知空处应填非谓语动词和being构成后置定语,修饰名词mountains,reflect和逻辑主语mountains之间为被动关系,应用过去分词。故填reflected。
98.to contact【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他热爱音乐,这使他能够接触到许多著名的音乐家。此处为短语enable sb. to do sth.表示“使某人能够……”。故填to contact。
99.Assuming【详解】考查现在分词。句意:假如你有第二次机会,你会怎么做?分析可知,句中谓语是“will you do”,空格处用非谓语动词,you和assume之间是主谓关系,因此空格处用现在分词表主动,位于句首,首字母大写,故填Assuming。
100.injured【详解】考查形容词。句意:到目前为止,大约有40座房屋在大雪的重压下倒塌,22人受伤。分析句子可知,后半句with的复合结构作伴随状语,people与动词injure为动宾关系,所以此处应用injure的过去分词。