中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高考英语语法专题讲与练 专题六 形容词副词
一、形容词和副词在句中的作用
1. 形容词在句中通常作定语、表语和补语。如:
English is a useful language. 英语是一门有用的语言。(作定语)
English is useful.英语很有用。(作表语)
I find English useful.我觉得英语很有用。(作补语)
2. 副词在句中作做状语,修饰动词、形容词、另一副词、介词短语,或者整个句子。如:
He walked quickly in order to get there on time. 他为了按时到达那里,走得很快。(修饰动词walked)
He walked very quickly. 他走得很快。
Obviously, I believe we can win it. 显然,我相信我能够赢得胜利。
二、形容词和副词的比较等级
1. 形容词副词的规则变化。
(1) 一般在词尾直接加er或est。如:long—longer—longest。
(2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的,在词尾直接加r或st。如:nice—nicer—nicest。
(3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的,把y变为i,再加er或est。如:heavy—heavier—heaviest。
(4) 以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母”结尾的重读音节,双写末尾这个辅音字母,再加er或est。如:big—bigger—biggest。
(5) 部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级,加most构成最高级。如:slowly—more slowly—most slowly;beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful。
2. 形容词和副词的比较等级的常用句型。
(1) 表示相等:as + 原级+as
(2) 表示不如:not as/ so +原级+as
(3) 表示超出:比较级+than
(4) 表示“最”:the+最高级+ of/in短语(表示比较的范围)
注意:除了 “the+最高级”外,最高级还有其他的表达方式。如:否定词never等与比较级连用;比较级+than any other+名词单数;比较级+than any of the other+名词复数;比较级+than anyone else等。如:
How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.她唱得多好听呀!我从没听过比这更好的声音。
(5) 表示“越……越……”:the+比较级,the+比较级
(6) 表示“越来越”:比较级+and+比较级
(7) 表示“与其……不如……”:more…than…
(8) the+比较级 特指两个人或者连个食物中较为突出的一个。
If the manager had to choose one of the two, he would say Tim was the better choice.如果说经理一定得从这两个人中选择一个,他会说Tim是更好的选择。
(9) 倍数的表达法:
① A + be +倍数 as +计量形容词原级+as B
This house is three times as wide as that one. 这个房子是那个房子的三倍宽。
② A +be+倍数+计量形容词比较级+than B
The car is exactly five times more expensive than that one.这辆车比那本恰好贵5倍。
③ A +be+倍数+the+计量名词+of B
The new library is four times the size of the previous one.新的图书馆是以前的四倍大。
④The+计量名词+of A +be+倍数+that of B
The size of the new square is four times that of the previous one.新广场为以前的四倍大。
三、形容词、副词原级及比较级和最高级的常用句型
名称 句型 例句
相等 as+原级+as The train travels as fast as the 3:55 train. 这列车和3:55的列车开得一样快。
as+原级+a/an+名词单数+as He is as honest a man as you. 他和你一样是个诚实的人。
as many+可数名词复数+ as; as much+不可数名词+ as I have as many books as you. 我和你一样有许多书。
倍数+as+原级+as+名词 My room is twice as big as my brother’s. 我的房间是我兄弟的两倍大。
不及 not as+原级+as She is not as beautiful as her sister. 她不如她妹妹漂亮。
超越 比较级+than Health is more important than wealth. 健康比金钱重要。
the+比较级+of the two 两者中较……的一个 He is the taller of the two. 他是两者中较高的一个。
否定 no+比较级+than 和……一样不 He is no richer than I. 他和我一样不富有。
not+比较级 再……不过(可译为“非常、十分”) His work couldn’t be worse. 他的工作糟得不能再糟了。
程度递增 -er and -er, more and more + 多音节词 越来越…… higher and higher 越来越高 more and more important 越来越重要
两种情况同时变化 the +比较级, the +比较级 越……,越…… The quicker you get ready, the sooner we’ll be able to leave. 你越快准备好,我们就能越早离开。
三者或三者以上比较 the + 最高级+of/in+比较范围 ……之中最…… They have got some of the most beautiful things in the world. 他们这儿拥有一些世界上最美的东西。
注意:no more (...) than与not more (...) than 的用法
在英语里面有很多短语都有其约定俗成的用法和意思,不能按其字面意思去理解,象这样的短语有很多,这里先把大家觉得比较头疼的no more (...) than与not more (...) than的用法解释清楚,希望对大家有所帮助:
1. 不用于比较,后接数词时,no more than意为“仅仅、只不过、只有”(=only),而not more than意为“至多、不超过”(=at the most)。如:
There are no more than fifteen eggs in the basket. 篮子里只有15个鸡蛋。(暗指15个鸡蛋太少)
There are not more than fifteen eggs in the basket. 篮子里至多有15个鸡蛋。(暗指可能少于15个)
2. 用于两者的比较时,“no+形容词或副词比较级+than”是对两者的否定,相当于neither...nor...。如:
This story is no more interesting than that one. (=Neither this story nor that one is interesting.) 这个故事和那个故事一样没趣。
“not+形容词或副词比较级+than”是普通的比较级结构,表示前者不如后者,相当于not as/so...as...。如:
This story is not more interesting than that one. (=This story is not as/so interesting as that one.) 这个故事不如那个故事有趣。
四、比较结构的修饰语
1 用于原级之前 almost, nearly, just, quite, half, twice, three times等 The river is three times as long as that one. 这条河是那条河是三倍长。
2 用于比较级前 many, a few (用于“more+可数名词复数”前) It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane. 坐火车去那里比坐飞机要花多好多个小时。
a lot, much, even, still, far, a great deal, rather, two years, 5%, twice等 My desk-mate is even fatter than me. 我同桌甚至比我还胖。
3 用于最高级前 the very, much the, by far, nearly, by no means, almost, not really, the first/second等 This cake is by far the largest in the world. 这个蛋糕是迄今为止世界上最大的。
五、两种形式的副词:一个与形容词同形,一个以-ly结尾
1 hard hardly hard 刻苦地;努力地;猛烈地;费力地 He studies very hard. 他学习非常努力。
hardly 几乎不;简直不 We hardly had time to eat breakfast. 我们几乎没时间吃早饭。
2 high highly high 高高地;地位高;声音高 The plane flies high. 飞机飞得很高。
highly 高度地;非常(常和praise, speak等动词连用) They spoke very highly of him. 他们称赞他。
3 deep deeply deep 修饰具体动作时,往往两个词可互换,但多用deep They had to dig very deep/deeply in order to find water. 他们必须挖得很深,才能发现水。
表示静止状态时只用deep(此时多于介词、副词连用) The meeting continued deep into the night. 会议持续到了深夜。
deeply 修饰形容词或过去分词只能用deeply I am deeply grateful to you. 我非常感谢你。
deeply可与hate, dislike, regret, admire, love, value等动词连用,但不能与动词like连用 I deeply regret his death. 我对他的去世深感遗憾。
4 late lately late 迟;晚 The bus arrived 5 minutes late. 公共汽车迟到了五分钟。
lately 最近;不久前(同recently) What have you been doing lately 最近你在做什么?
as late as与as lately as都有“近至、直到”之意,用法相同 I saw him at late/lately as yesterday. 直到昨天我才看见他。
5 near nearly near 近;临近;在附近 The train came nearer and nearer. 火车越来越近了。
nearly 几乎;差不多;将近 It is nearly then o’clock. 差不多十点钟了。
6 close closely close 靠近;挨近;接近 Come close so that I can see you. 走近点以便我能看清你。
closely 紧密地;紧紧地;秘密地;仔细地;严密地 We followed closely after him. 我们紧紧地跟在他后面。
六、以-ly结尾的形容词
1 表示时间的形容词 hourly 每小时的,daily 每天的,nightly 每晚的,weekly 每周的,monthly 每月的,quarterly 每季度的,yearly 每年的,early 早的,timely 及时的;适时的 This theatre will give a nightly performance. 这个剧院将上演一台晚会。
2 表示人的形容词 manly 男子气的,womanly 女人气的,wifely 妻子似的,fatherly 父亲般的,childly 孩子般的,comradely 同志式的 What are wifely duties 什么是做妻子的责任?
3 表示人的外貌、特征、性格、心理等的形容词 lovely 可爱的,friendly 友好的,ugly 难看的, lively 活泼的,lonely 孤独的,unfriendly 不友好的,kindly 和蔼的,sickly 病弱的,poorly 贫穷的,elderly 年长的,homely 朴实的、不漂亮的 Children are usually lively. 孩子们常常是精力充沛的/活泼的。
4 表示事物特征、环境、情况、状态的形容词 likely 可能的,orderly 整齐的,costly 花费大的,deadly 致命的,mannerly 有礼貌的,chilly 冷的,disorderly 乱七八糟的,unlikely 不可能的 Please leave our classroom in an orderly way. 让我们的教室整整齐齐的。
注意:elder与older,这两个词都是形容词old的比较级形式,区别在于:
(1) elder指“年长的”,常修饰人,用来表示出生顺序的前后和年龄的长幼,常作定语,不可用于than引导的比较状语从句。(2) older指“年纪较大的、较老的、较旧的”,修饰人或物都行。既可作定语,也可作表语,可用于than引导的比较状语从句。如:My elder brother is two years older than me. 我的哥哥比我年长两岁。
七、senior, junior, superior, inferior等词与to连用
1 能与to连用,但不能与than连用 superior 优秀的、高级的(反义词inferior) This restaurant is superior to the one we went to last week. 这家饭馆比我们上周去的那家好。
senior 年长的、地位高的、资格老的(反义词junior) She is senior to everyone else in the company. 她在公司里比其他人资格都要老。
2 既不能与than连用,又不能与to连用的 major 主要的,minor 次要的,表示不太重要或较次要。 The young actress was given a minor part in the new play. 这年轻的女演员在这部新戏里被分配担任一个小角色。 What is the major industry of our nation 我们国家的主要工业是什么?
八、某些以a-开头的表语形容词
以a-开头的只能作表语的形容词有afraid, alone, asleep, alive, alike, aware, awake, ashamed等。
1. 这类形容词一般都不能用very修饰,但可用much或very much等修饰。如:
不能说:I am very alone.
只可以说:I am much/very much alone.
2. 另外,若它们本身带有修饰语,则也可用于名词前作定语。如:
the fast asleep children 熟睡的孩子
a really alive student 真正活跃的学生
九、多个形容词修饰一个名词的排列顺序
限定词(冠词/代词)→数词→描绘形容词→大小→形状→新旧→年龄→颜色→国籍→材料+名词。如:
a small round wooden table 一张小圆木桌
an old Chinese stone bridge 一座中式老石桥
the man’s first two famous small red French oil paintings 这个人的头两幅著名的红色法国小油画
注意:enough修饰形容词时,放在被修饰词之后。
十、有些副词置于句首可修饰全句,作评注性状语
常见的此类副词有actually, anyway, interestingly, strangely, eventually, fortunately, luckily, obviously等。如:
Obviously, your answer is totally wrong. 很明显,你的答案全错了。
Interestingly, he was only eleven when he composed the sonata. 有趣的是,他写那一首奏鸣曲时年仅十一岁。
考点练透
1.(2022年浙江卷1月)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, __________(rough) 200 academics - many of them climate scientists have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
2.(2021年北京卷)Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could __________(safe)wait for the police to take her home.
3.(2022年全国甲卷) Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ______ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
4.(2022·江西·模拟预测)To compensate for the limited energy included in its diet, it eats as much as 9-14 kg bamboo shoots a day ________ (average).
5.(2022新高考I卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and _________ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
6.(2022全国乙卷)“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the _________ (large) tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
7.(2022全国甲卷)and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s _________ (high) mountain.
8.(2022全国甲卷)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more _________ (meaning).
9.(2022年全国甲卷) In the last five years. Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ______ (high) mountain.
10.(2022·内蒙古·呼和浩特市教育教学研究中心一模)Starting from Beijing North Railway Station and heading west through the Great Wall, the project is________ (probable) the biggest challenge ever.
11.(2022·江西·模拟预测)When visiting China, many travellers expect to have close contact with the giant panda, one of the most adorable creatures in the world. Actually, no other country can provide such a ________ (wonder) chance like China, as the giant panda is native ________China and thus serves as China's national symbol.
12.(2022·黑龙江·鹤岗一中高三开学考试)Doing ______(volunteer) work and helping people in need make me happy and satisfied.
13.(2022·黑龙江·鹤岗一中高三开学考试)We should work together to create a ______(harmony) society where everyone can live in harmony with each other.
14.(2022·湖南·长沙一中高三开学考试)Ecotourism is different from traditional tourism because it allows the travelers to become _________________ (educate) about the areas.
15.(2022·广东梅县东山中学高三阶段练习)Our travel agency is________(rely), and we try to describe our centers as realistically as possible.
16.(2022·黑龙江·哈尔滨市第六中学校高三阶段练习)I felt________ (guilt) about not visiting my parents more often.
17.(2022·黑龙江·哈尔滨市第六中学校高三阶段练习)The smell is very________(familiarity)to everyone who lives near a bakery.
18.(2022·黑龙江·哈尔滨市第六中学校高三阶段练习)The ________(finance) markets have given the thumbs up to the new policy.
19.(2022·黑龙江·哈尔滨市第六中学校)________(fashion) clothes are very popular among women.
20.(2022·黑龙江·哈尔滨市第六中学校高三阶段练习)This deadline will be extended only in________ (exception) circumstances .
21.(2022·黑龙江·哈尔滨市第六中学校高三阶段练习)You don’t sound very ________ (enthusiasm) about the idea.
22.The ________(sustain)success of small farmers, though, won't happen without fundamental changes to the industry.
23.The most __________ (frequent) shared items are those expensive to buy but not fully used.
24.(2022·黑龙江·双鸭山一中高三开学考试)In the coming three years,our school life will be ________(challenge).
25.The operations can be quite __________(involve), requiring many procedures.
26.(2018新课标I卷)Running is cheap, easy and it’s always_________ (energy).
27.Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family — and that’s pretty ________(power).
28.With a broader perspective, we will be more free, more open-minded, and less ________ (limit)in what we can become!
29.I waited __________ (patient) unless the oil was hot.
30.There was a ____________(confuse) look on his face when he met with the problem.
31.It is said that next year’s Chinese class is going to be very ____________ (challenge).
32.I often take my son to bookstores to find something ____________(suit) for him to read.
33.When I stopped playing and looked up, I was ____________(shock) to see a small crowed around us.
34.____________(immediate), he rose and went down through the hospital hall into her room.
35.The Palace and the Forbidden City in Beijing are the only two____________(exist) imperial palaces in China.
36.____________(original) founded in 1919 by Sylvia Beach, it is a combination of a bookstore and a reading library.
37.There were many ____________(talent) actors out there just waiting to be discovered.
38.The ___________(surprise) expression on his face suggested that he knew nothing about the matter.
39.Only you can fully realize which aspects of a college will make you truly happy and ___________ (satisfy), so keep that at the front of your mind.
40.Despite many years’ learning of English, I still feel ____________(puzzle) in some aspects.
41.I have learned a great deal from working with him and all the other ________ (create) artists.
42.The environment will be improved by our ________(far) efforts to reduce pollution.
43.You should be __________(formal) trained if you want to win a prize in the competition.
44.Some people feel __________(annoy) at the loud noise made by the supermarket.
45.You are interested in how we show respect for our teachers and here is something ________(detail).
46.I am ________(amaze) at her knowledge of Chinese literature.
47.The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be ________(afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even higher (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in ________(weigh) problems.
48.Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ________ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ________ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
49.Chopsticks you get in a Chinese restaurant are__________(usual) made of wood.
50.Such a virtue of honesty earned him a good reputation, and there was a saying __________ (wide) spread: It is better to have a promise from Ji Bu than to get hundreds of ounces of gold.
51.Chen showed that knowing how to perform CPR can be__________(benefit). ... __________(fortunately), less than 1 percent of Chinese adults have mastered the skill of CPR, while many have never heard of__________.
52.About 14 percent of the world’s food is lost during from________(produce) to retail (零售)...Wu Laping, a professor at China Agricultural University’s College of Economics and Management, said food loss and waste is________(large) affected by economic development.
53.Looking ahead, Hassan believes ____________ (firm) that he can promote greater levels of cooperation between China and Pakistan as a bridge between two cultures.
54.Starting from Beijing North Railway Station and heading west through the Great Wall, the project is_________(probable) the biggest challenge ever. Its designers say that the explosions needed to dig the tunnels will not have a negative effect on the structure. The railway line has a_________(long) of 174 km as a double-track passage line, with ten stations along its route.
55.(2018新课标III卷)He screams the _________ (loud) of all.
56.(2018年浙江卷)There could be an even _________ (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in weight problems.
57.(2020年浙江卷1月)This is_________ (particular)true in the US. The second reason is that people are living longer.
58.(2020北京卷)They were much stronger than modern humans, but it’s long been assumed that human ancestors were_________(smart)than the Neanderthals.
59.(2020北京卷)Oliver says if you’re_________ (luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them if you can join in when it’s possible.
60.Students attend lectures on the history of movable type along with ________ (interest) classes on typesetting and printing.
61.—Did your boss help you with the vital task
—No,he allocated each of us our jobs and then went out for something ________ (important).
62.Mr. Zhang once taught in a remote village in Anhui Province as a volunteer, which was ________ (access) only on foot.
63.Although parents should take good care of their young children,they don’t ________ (necessary) do anything for them.
64.How ________ (disappoint) it was to have missed the train!
65.Of the two boys,Jim is the ________ (young) one,and he is also the one who loves to be noisy.
66.—Are you satisfied with the result of the exam
—Not at all. I can’t have a ________ (bad) one.
67.You are driving too fast. Can you drive a bit ________ (slowly)
68.The more he talked, the ________ (angry) he became.
69.You can't be careful enough while driving a car, for accidents happen ________ (frequent).
70.The girl took a book ________ (random) from the shelf while she was wandering in the bookshop.
71.________ (fortunate), I won’t be able to attend the meeting.
72.Keeping a diary in English is an ________ (effect) way to improve our English writing abilities.
73.The rest of us are ________ (extreme) sensitive to the bitterness that some plants develop to keep animals from eating them.
74.Young people should learn to be _________ (compete).
75.As a matter of fact, every possible use should be made of ________ (advance) technology.
76.According to Professor Johnson, we don’t have to read the book if we don’t want to, as it is ________ (option).
77.This film is ________ (interest) than any other one that I have ever seen.
78.He was advised to smoke fewer cigarettes and drink ________ (little) beer.
79.We are all ________ (entire) responsible for our actions.
80.There have been some problems but ________ (basic) it’s a good system.
81.The book provides ________ (value) information on recent trends.
82.My little boy, do you feel more ________ (comfort) now than before
83.The old people there were talkative and they told us their ________ (person) stories cheerfully.
84.The Forbidden City attracts visitors because of its long history and ________ (culture) significance, but perhaps it should add one more thing to its list of attractions: earthquake shelter.
85.Many fads are ________ (harm). Back in my day, people cut the sleeves and collars of sweat shirts off and wore them inside out. No big deal.
86.While your IQ tells you how ________ (intelligence) you are, your EQ tells you how well you use your intelligence.
87.It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the travelerto become ___________ (educate) about the areas - both in terms ofgeographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___________ (develop) of the local areas.
88.The ________ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
89.It seems that people in western countries are becoming increasingly________ (worry) about the side effects of drugs, …
90.Chinese workers once demonstrated their great efficiency in 2018. ________ (incredible), around 1,500 workers spent just nine hours completing the construction of a new train station in Fujian Province, southern China.
91.However, with huge amounts of water to use, it raised different ________ (environment) concerns.
92.The phrase __________ (apparent) traces its origins to a post earlier this year in an online forum run by the Chinese search giant Baidu.
93.The Shanghai Contemporary Handwriting Academy has been established to give young people a chance to learn about the “ancient” skills of using pen and ink to communicate, but, more_________(important), to learn how to think.
94.It will not only benefit the two peoples, but also ________ (significant) improve regional connectivity.
95.It will also enable Lao businesses to ________ (well) fit into regional and global supply chains.
96.I was so__________ (excite) when he wrote back to me.
97.For example, ________ (rough) 200 academics - many of them climate scientists have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
98.A taste for meat is ________ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
99.One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their ________ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.
100.He screams the________(loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.
参考答案:
1.roughly【详解】考查副词。句意:例如,在一个名为“无飞行气候科学”的网站上,大约200名学者——其中许多是气候科学家——自两年前开始这项努力以来已经承诺将尽可能少地飞行。分析句子结构可知空处应填副词形式修饰数词,表示数量的精确程度,相当于about,此时的roughly意为“粗略地;大约”,似的还有exactly、nearly、approximately,etc.,故填roughly。
2.safely【详解】考查副词。句意:山姆带她去了附近的一家便利店,这样她就可以安全地等警察带她回家了。分析句子结构可知空处应填副词形式作状语,修饰动词wait,故填safely。
3.meaningful【详解】考查形容词。句意:曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构,应用形容词meaningful,作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
4.averagely【详解】考查副词。句意:为了弥补饮食中所含的有限能量,它平均每天吃9-14公斤的竹笋。修饰动词eats应用副词作状语。故填averagely。
5.eventually【详解】考查副词。句意:GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系,最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子结构可知空处应填副词形式作状语,修饰空后动词achieve,形容词eventual的副词为eventually,故填eventually。
6.largest【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意:作为国际茶日的主要发起人,茶叶的诞生地和最大的茶叶生产国,中国有责任与其他国家合作,促进茶叶产业的健康发展。分析句子结构以及空前的the可知空处应填形容词的最高级形式作定语,修饰名词短语tea-producing country,故答案为largest。
7.highest【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意:在 2016年,他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶,非洲最高的山峰。分析句子结构可知空处应填形容词最高级形式作定语修饰mountain,Africa’s highest mountain=the highest mountain in Africa,所以应用形容词最高级。故答案为highest。
8.meaningful【详解】考查形容词作宾补。句意:曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。分析句子结构可知will make宾语从句谓语动词,the hiking trip为宾语,空处为宾语补足语,结合空前的even more可知空处应填形容词形式,名词meaning的形容词形式为meaningful,故填meaningful。
9.highest【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意:在过去的五年中,曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家,2016年,他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶,这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知,此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉,应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
10.probably【详解】考查副词。句意:从北京北站出发,向西穿过长城,该项目可能是有史以来最大的挑战。修饰谓语动词is,此处应用副词作状语。故填probably。
11. wonderful to【详解】1.考查形容词。句意:实际上,没有任何其它国家可以提供像中国这样好的机会,因为大熊猫是原产于中国的,并因此作为中国的国家符号。根据句子结构和意思可知,形容词修饰后面的名词chance。故填wonderful。
2.考查固定搭配。句意:实际上,没有任何其它国家可以提供像中国这样好的机会,因为大熊猫是原产于中国的,并因此作为中国的国家符号。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查固定搭配be native to,表示“原产于”的意思。故填to。
12.voluntary【详解】考查形容词。句意:做志愿者工作和帮助有需要的人使我感到快乐和满足。形容词修饰名词,作定语。故填voluntary。
13.harmonious【详解】考查形容词。句意:我们应该共同努力创造一个人人都能和睦相处的和谐社会。根据后文名词可知,此处应用其形容词harmonious作定语修饰名词。故填harmonious。
14.educated【详解】考查形容词。句意:生态旅游不同于传统的旅游,因为它让旅游者变得了解当地的情况。本处是系动词become +形容词构成系表结构,根据句意可知,此处填入形容词educated(受过教育的、有教养的)。故填educated。
15.reliable【详解】考查形容词。句意:我们的旅行社是可靠的,我们尽可能真实地描述我们的中心。分析句子结构可知,系动词is后缺少形容词作表语,故填reliable。
16.guilty【详解】考查形容词。句意:我为没有经常去看望父母而感到内疚。本处felt是feel的过去式,是感官动词,后接形容词表示“感受、感到……”,构成系表结构;根据英文提示,故填guilty。
17.familiar【详解】考查固定短语。句意:住在面包店附近的每个人都很熟悉这种气味。本处用固定短语sth be familiar to sb,译为“某物为某人熟悉”,符合题意;故填familiar。
18.financial【详解】考查形容词。句意:金融市场对新政策表示赞赏。修饰名词markets用形容词,作定语,故填financial。
19.Fashionable【详解】考查形容词。句意:时髦的衣服很受妇女的欢迎。修饰后文名词clothes应用形容词fashionable,作定语,句首单词首字母要大写。故填Fashionable。
20.exceptional【详解】考查形容词。句意:只有在特殊情况下,这个期限才会延长。 空处是形容词作定语,修饰后面的名词circumstances;根据英文提示,故填exceptional。
21.enthusiastic【详解】考查形容词。句意:你好像对这个想法不太感兴趣。 sound是系动词,后接形容词构成系表结构,译为“听起来……”,表示某种状态;根据英文提示,故填enthusiastic。
22.sustainable【详解】考查形容词。句意:然而,如果这个行业没有根本性的变化,小农的可持续成功就不会发生。由空后success为名词可知,此处用形容词修饰名词success。故填sustainable。
23.frequently【详解】考查副词。句意:最频繁被共享的物品是那些购买起来很昂贵,但没有被充分利用的物品。分析句子可知,“shared”为过去分词,空格处应用副词,作状语,“frequent”意为“频繁的”,形容词词性,对应的副词为“frequently”,意为“频繁地”。故填frequently。
24.challenging【详解】考查形容词。句意:在未来的三年里,我们的学校生活将充满挑战。分析句子结构可知,此处位于be动词之后,因此需要填入形容词作表语。challenge的形容词为challenging,表示“具有挑战性的”。故填challenging。
25.involved【详解】考查形容词。句意:这些操作可能相当复杂,需要许多程序。此处作表语,应用形容词involved“复杂的”。故填involved。
26.energetic【详解】考查形容词。句意:跑步既便宜又容易,而且总是充满活力的。分析句子结构可知空处应填形容词形式作表语,与cheap与easy并列,名词energy的形容词形式为energetic,故答案为energetic。
27.powerful【详解】考查形容词。句意:詹妮弗是第一代毕业生,这对她的家庭来说是很大的鼓舞。这种鼓舞是强大的。分析句子,设空处应该填写形容词作表语。powerful意为“强大的”。故填powerful。
28.limited【详解】考查形容词。句意:有了更广阔的视野,我们在成为能成为的样子时将变得 更自由、更开明、更不受限制!分析句意可知,此处表示“更不受限制的”,动词limit的形容词形式limited意为“有限的”,less limited 意为“更不受限制的”,故填limited。
29.patiently【详解】考查副词。句意:除非油是热的,否则我会耐心等待。分析句子可知,空处应填副词作状语修饰动词waited,结合语意可知,此处意为“耐心地”,应用副词patiently。故填patiently。
30.confused【详解】考查形容词。句意:他遇到这个问题时,他脸上露出困惑的表情。根据下文 “a look on his face”可知,名词look前需填形容词作定语,修饰该名词;表示“困惑的”,形容词为confused。故填confused。
31.challenging【详解】考查形容词。句意:据说明年的语文课会很有挑战性。根据上文可知,设空处需填形容词作表语,表示 “有挑战性的”,用形容词challenging。故填challenging。
32.suitable【详解】考查形容词。句意:我经常带儿子去书店找适合他阅读的书。形容词修饰名词,置于其前,修饰复合不定代词,置于其后,用形容词suitable作后置定语,修饰复合不定代词something。故填suitable。
33.shocked【详解】考查-ed形容词和-ing形容词。句意:当我停止演奏并抬起头来时,我惊讶地看到一小群人围着我们。修饰形容人用-ed形容词,修饰形容物用-ing形容词,此处用-ed形容词shocked说明主语人I的状态,作表语。故填shocked。
34.Immediately【详解】考查副词。句意:立即,他站起身,穿过医院大厅,走进了她的房间。修饰整个句子用副词作状语,故填Immediately。
35.existing【详解】考查形容词。句意:北京的故宫和紫禁城是中国现存的两个皇宫。空格处用形容词作定语,修饰名词palaces,exist的形容词是existing,意为“现存的”,故填existing。
36.Originally【详解】考查副词。句意:它最初由西尔维亚·比奇于1919年创建,是一个书店和阅读图书馆的结合。修饰动词founded应用副词originally,作状语,句首单词首字母要大写。故填Originally。
37.talented【详解】考查形容词。句意:有很多才华横溢的演员等着被发现。此处修饰名词actors,应用形容词talented“有天资的,有才能的”,作定语。故填talented。
38.surprised【详解】考查形容词。句意:他脸上惊讶的表情表明他对这件事一无所知。结合语意,名词expression表示“表情”,空处应用形容词surprised,表示“感到惊讶的”,作定语修饰名词。故填surprised。
39.satisfied【详解】考查形容词。句意:只有你完全意识到大学的哪些方面能让你真正快乐和满足 ,所以把这些放在你的脑海中。分析可知,此处考查make sb. + 形容词,satisfied“感到满意的”,常用来表示人的感受,结合空前you,所以此处用satisfied作宾补,故填satisfied。
40.puzzled【详解】考查形容词。句意:尽管学了很多年英语,但在某些方面我仍然感到困惑。结合语意,此处表示我在某些方面感到困惑,应用形容词puzzled,表示“感到困惑的”,作句子表语。故填puzzled。
41.creative【详解】考查形容词。句意:我从与他和所有其他有创造力的艺术家的合作中学到了很多。分析句子可知,“artists”为名词,前面应用形容词修饰,create的形容词为creative意为“有创造力的”,作定语修饰“artists”。故填creative。
42.further【详解】考查形容词。句意:通过进一步努力减少污染,环境将得到改善。分析句子结构可知,此处位于名词之前修饰名词,因此需要填入形容词。根据汉语意思可知,此处表示“进一步的”。further为far的比较级,表示“进一步的,深远的”。故填further。
43.formally【详解】考副词。句意:如果你想在比赛中获奖,你应该接受正规训练。副词formally作状语,修饰动词trained。故填formally。
44.annoyed【详解】考查形容词。句意:有些人对超市发出的巨大噪音感到恼火。分析句子可知,设空处应填形容词作表语,表示“恼火的”,为形容词annoyed。故填annoyed。
45.detailed【详解】考查形容词。句意:你对于我们如何对老师表达尊重感兴趣,这里有一些详细的内容。根据句意,此处表示“详细的”,故填形容词detailed,作定语,故填detailed。
46.amazed【详解】考查形容词。句意:我惊讶于她对中国文学的了解。根据句意及句子结构,此处应填形容词,作表语。主语是I,故填形容词amazed,表示“感到惊讶的”。故填amazed。
47. affordable weight【详解】考查形容词和名词。句意:最明显的一个是钱;一周出去吃一两次可能是负担得起的,但如果每天都这样做,就会累加。你的健康成本可能更高。研究人员发现,外出就餐的增加与体重问题的增加有直接联系。第一空前为be,应用形容词作表语,afford的形容词为affordable,意为“付得起的”。第二空后有名词problems,结合句意,此处为名词修饰名词,weigh的名词为weight,名词短语weight problems,意为“体重问题”。故填:① affordable;② weight。
48. protection meaningful【详解】1.考查名词。句意:曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾,以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知,此处应用名词protection,作宾语,protection表示“保护”时,是不可数名词。故填protection。
2.考查形容词。句意:曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构,应用形容词meaningful,作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
49.usually【详解】考查副词。句意:你在中餐馆使用的筷子通常是由木头制成的。空处作状语修饰动词短语are made of,应用副词usually,表示“通常地”。故填usually。
50.widely【详解】考查副词。句意:这种诚实的美德为他赢得了良好的声誉,有一句谚语广为流传:“与其得到几百盎司的黄金,不如得到季布的承诺。”由句意可知,此处修饰动词spread,应用副词修饰动词,故填widely。
51. beneficial unfortunately it【详解】考查形容词,副词和代词。句意:陈向我们展示了如何进行心肺复苏术是有益的……不幸的是,只有不到1%的中国成年人掌握了心肺复苏术,而许多人却从未听说过它。分析可知,第一空用形容词作表语,benefit的形容词是beneficial,意为“有益的”;第二空用副词作状语,修饰整个句子,根据“less than 1 percent of Chinese adults have mastered the skill of CPR”可知,第二空所在句子表示“不幸的是,只有不到1%的中国成年人掌握了心肺复苏术”,第二空意为“不幸的是”,副词是unfortunately;第三空用it指代前面的“the skill of CPR”,故填beneficial,unfortunately,it。
52. production largely【详解】考查名词和副词。句意:世界上大约14%的食物在从生产到零售的过程中被浪费掉了……中国农业大学经济管理学院教授吴腊平表示,粮食损失和浪费在很大程度上受经济发展的影响。分析句子可知,空处1前有介词from,且根据to retail中的retail为名词可知,此处也应用名词,根据语意,此处意为“生产”,应用production,抽象名词不可数,故填production。而由空处2后的动词affected可知,此处应用副词做状语修饰动词is affected,应用large的副词形式,故填largely。故空处1填production,空处2填largely。
53.firmly【详解】考查副词。句意:展望未来,Hassan坚信,作为两种文化之间的桥梁,他能够推动中巴两国之间的合作达到更高水平。 此处修饰动词believe,应用副词firmly,作状语。故填firmly。
54. probably length【详解】考查副词和名词。句意:从北京北站出发,向西穿过长城,该项目可能是有史以来最大的挑战。其设计者表示,挖掘隧道所需的爆炸不会对结构产生负面影响。该铁路线全长174公里,为双线通道,沿线有10个车站。第一空,空处修饰形容词最高级形式the biggest,应用副词形式作状语,即probably;第二空,根据空格前冠词a及空格后介词of,可知此处要填名词,作动词has的宾语,即length。故填probably,length。
55.loudest【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意:他尖叫得最大声了。分析句子结构可知句子原本是He screams the loudest voice of all voices。依据空前的the以及空后表示范围的短语of all,可知空处应填形容词最高级形式作定语修饰省略的名词voice,故答案为loudest。
56.higher【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意:你的健康可能会付出更高的代价。研究人员发现,外出饮食的增加与体重问题的增加有直接联系。此处修饰名词cost用形容词,even表示程度,修饰比较级,故填higher。
57.particularly【详解】考查副词。句意:在美国尤其如此。第二个原因是,人们的寿命更长了。分析句子结构可知空处应填副词形式作状语,修饰形容词true,故填particularly。
58.smarter【详解】考查形容词的比较级。句意:他们比现代人强壮的多,但长期以来,人们一直认为人类祖先比尼安德特人更聪明。分析句子结构及空前的were可知空处应填形容词形式作表语,空后的than表示比较,所以应用比较级形式。故答案为smarter。
59.lucky【详解】考查形容词。句意:奥利弗说,如果你足够幸运,身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人,问他们你是否可以尽可能加入。分析句子结构可知空处应填形容词形式作表语,构成固定句型be+adj.+enough +to do 的结构,名词luck的形容词形式为lucky,故答案为lucky。
60.interesting【详解】考查形容词。句意:学生们参加关于活字印刷历史的讲座以及关于排版和印刷的有趣课程。分析句子可知,名词classes表示“物”,且前需要加形容词作定语,应用-ing结尾形容词interesting,表示“有趣的”。故填interesting。
61.more important【详解】考查形容词。句意:——你的老板帮助你做这项至关重要的任务了吗?——没有,他给我们每个人分配了工作之后,就出去做一些更重要的事情了。表示“更重要的”,所以用比较级。故填more important。
62.accessible【详解】考查形容词。句意:张先生曾在安徽省一个偏远的村庄做过志愿者,那里只有步行才能到达。作be动词后的表语,用形容词accessible。故填accessible。
63.necessarily【详解】考查副词。句意:虽然父母应该好好照顾他们的孩子,但他们不一定要为他们做任何事。分析句式结构再根据提示词可知,修饰动词do应该用副词。故填:necessarily。
64.disappointing【详解】考查形容词。句意:误了火车是多么令人失望啊!How引导的感叹句,how之后接形容词,且表示“错过火车”这件事情,令人失望,故用ing形式作表语。故填disappointing。
65.younger【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意:这两个男孩儿中,Jim是较小的一个,他也是最喜欢吵闹的那一个。表示“两者中比较小的”,用比较级。故填younger。
66.worse【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意:——你对这次考试的结果满意吗?——一点儿也不,没有比这次考试考得更差的了。can't + be/行为动词+比较级,这个句型的意思是“再没有……比……更”。故填:worse。
67.more slowly【详解】考查副词的比较级。句意:你开车开的太快了,你能开得稍慢一点儿吗?这里表示“更慢些”,需要用比较级作状语。故填more slowly。
68.angrier【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意:他说的越多越生气。此处是“the+比较级+主语+谓语,the+比较级+主语+谓语”,意思是“越……,就越……”,用形容词比较级angrier。故填angrier。
69.frequently【详解】考查副词。句意:在开车的时候你再怎么小心也不为过,因为事故时常发生。空格处用副词frequently修饰动词happen,frequently意为“经常地”,故填frequently。
70.randomly【详解】考查副词。句意:这个女孩在书店闲逛的时候随意从书架上拿了一本书。分析句子可知,空处修饰谓语动词took应用副词randomly,表示“随意地”,作状语。故填randomly。
71.Unfortunately【详解】考查副词。句意:很遗憾我不能参加这次会议。此处修饰后文整句话,应用副词,由句意可知,此处表示“不幸的是”,应用unfortunately,作状语。故填Unfortunately。
72.effective【详解】考查形容词。句意:用英语写日记是提高我们英语写作能力的有效方法。此处应用形容词effective来作定语,修饰名词way,effective意为“有效的”,故填effective。
73.extremely【详解】考查副词。句意:我们其他人对苦味极其敏感,这些苦味是一些植物为了防止动物吃掉它们而产生的。修饰形容词sensitive应用副词,extreme的副词是extremely,意为“极其”,故填extremely。
74.competitive【详解】考查形容词。句意:年轻人应该学会竞争。be后接形容词作表语,compete的形容词是competitive,意为“好竞争的”,故填competitive。
75.advanced【详解】考查形容词。句意:事实上,应尽一切可能加以利用先进的技术。设空处作定语修饰名词technology,应用advance的形容词advanced,意为“先进的;高等的”。故填advanced。
76.optional【详解】考查形容词。句意:根据约翰逊教授的说法,如果我们不想读这本书,我们也不必读,因为它是可选择的。分析句子可知,空处应填形容词optional作系动词is的表语,表示“可选择的”。故填optional。
77.more interesting【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意:这个电影比我看过的任何一个都有趣。根据句中than可知,用形容词的比较级形式。结合句意,故填more interesting。
78.less【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意:他被建议少抽烟,少喝啤酒。由句意可知,空处要表达少喝啤酒的意思,再者句中并列连词and连接的前后文在语言色彩上表达一致,所以使用little的比较级less。故填less。
79.entirely【详解】考查副词。句意:我们完全对我们的行为负责。副词修饰形容词,entire的副词是entirely,修饰responsible。故填entirely。
80.basically【详解】考查副词。句意:虽然有一些问题,但基本上这是一个很好的系统。此处修饰后面整个句子,应用副词basically,作状语。故填basically。
81.valuable【详解】考查形容词。句意:这本书就最近的趋势提供了有价值的信息。空格处用形容词valuable作定语,修饰名词information,valuable意为“有价值的”。故填valuable。
82.comfortable【详解】考查形容词。句意:我的孩子,你现在感觉比以前舒服吗?根据空前的feel more可知,空处需要形容词作表语。comfortable为形容词“舒服的”。故填comfortable。
83.personal【详解】考查形容词。句意:那里的老人很健谈,他们愉快地给我们讲述了他们的个人故事。分析句子结构可知,空处需要形容词作定语,修饰后面的名词stories。故填personal。
84.cultural【详解】考查形容词。句意:紫禁城因其悠久的历史和文化意义吸引了众多游客,但也许它应该在其景点列表中再添一件事:地震避难所。分析句子结构可知,空处需要形容词作定语,修饰后面的名词 significance。故填cultural。
85.harmless【详解】考查形容词。句意:许多时尚是无害的。在我的时代,人们把汗衫的袖子和领子剪下来,然后穿反了。没什么大不了的。根据下文“people cut the sleeves and collars of sweat shirts off and wore them inside out”可知,许多时尚是无害的,harmless为形容词“无害的”,在句中作表语。故填harmless。
86.intelligent【详解】考查形容词。句意:当你的智商告诉你你有多聪明时,你的情商告诉你你的智力运用得有多好。分析句子结构可知,how引导宾语从句,how为连接副词,引导宾语从句的结构为how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语动词,宾语从句中为主+系动词,所以需要形容词作表语。intelligent为形容词“聪明的”。故填intelligent。
87. educated development【详解】考查形容词以及名词。句意:它不同于传统的旅游业,因为它使旅行者能够了解当地的地理条件和文化特征,并经常为保护提供资金,有利于当地的发展。根据第一空前的become可知,空处需要形容词作表语,educated为形容词“受过…教育(或训练)的”,become educated about“接受有关…的教育”,所以第一个空为educated;根据第二个空前的the和空后的of可知,空处需要名词,the development of “…的发展”。故填①educated②development。
88.beautiful【详解】考查形容词。句意:美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾,做成漂亮的装饰。分析句式结构可知,修饰名词branches,应该用形容词形式。故填beautiful。
89.worried【详解】考查形容词。句意:西方国家的人们似乎越来越担心药物的副作用。根据所给句子结构分析可知,此处需要使用形容词做become的表语,此处是指人们担心药物的副作用,应用形容词worried表示“担心的”,用于说明人的状态,形容词worrying用于修饰物。故填worried。
90.Incredibly【详解】考查副词。句意:2018年,中国工人曾表现出极大的效率。令人难以置信的是,大约1500名工人只花了9个小时就在中国南部福建省完成了一座新火车站的建设。分析句式结构可知,此处用副词incredibly表示“难以置信地”作状语,修饰后面整个句子,首字母大写。故填Incredibly。
91.environmental【详解】考查形容词。句意:然而,由于要使用大量的水,它引发了不同的环境方面的顾虑。分析句子结构可知,句中concerns为名词,前面应用形容词修饰,environment意为“环境”,名词词性,对应的形容词为environmental,意为“环境的”,作定语。故填environmental。
92.apparently【详解】考查副词。句意:这个词显然可以追溯到今年早些时候,中国搜索巨头百度在一个在线论坛上发布的一个帖子。分析句子成分可知,trace为句子谓语动词,意为“追溯”,所以这里用副词来修饰动词,作状语。故填apparently。
93.importantly【详解】考查副词。句意:上海当代书法学院成立的目的是让年轻人有机会学习“古老”的用笔和墨水进行交流的技巧,但更重要的是,学习如何思考。分析句子结构和意思可知,此处需填副词importantly,作状语修饰后面的动词不定式短语to learn how to think。故填importantly。
94.significantly【详解】考查副词。句意:它不仅将造福于两国人民,还将显著改善地区连通性。分析句式结构可知,此处用副词significantly表示“显著地”修饰动词improve。故填significantly。
95.better【详解】考查副词比较级。句意:它还将使老挝企业更好地融入区域和全球供应链。分析句意可知,此处讲新铁路带来的好处,这个好处是相对于以前情况而讲的,用副词比较级better作状语,修饰动词短语fit into。故填better。
96.excited【详解】考查形容词。句意:当他给我回信时,我很兴奋。根据“when he wrote back to me”可知,此处是指“我”很兴奋,所以应用形容词excited表示“兴奋的”作表语。故填excited。
97.roughly【详解】考查副词。句意:例如,大约200名学者——其中许多是气候科学家,自两年前开始这项工作以来,他们承诺尽可能少乘飞机。分析句子结构和意思可知,此处应用副词roughly修饰数词200,意为“大约,粗略地”。故填roughly。
98.actually【详解】考查副词。句意:对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。玉米的重要作用是用来喂鸡、猪和牛。句子结构完整,用副词修饰句子。故填actually。
99.finest【详解】考查最高级。句意:一天,皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像,于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来,展示他们最好的作品,以便他挑选最好的。根据试题中all the artists以及后文的choose the best可知,皇帝想要画家最好的作品,表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
100.loudest【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意:它叫得最大声。这只雄性大猩猩拍着胸脯向我冲过来,声音震动了树林。根据空前的定冠词the和空后的of all可知,在所有的大猩猩中它的声音最大,应用形容词最高级loudest作定语,其实这里面省略了一个词就是voice,应该是the loudest voice of all voices。故填loudest。