(共10张PPT)
语法互动(十二) 主谓一致
中考考点
1.就近一致原则。
2.意义一致原则。
3.语法一致原则。
语法互动(十二)┃主谓一致
即谓语的单复数取决于离谓语最近的主语的单复数形式。
1.there be句型
There ______ a table and two chairs in the room.
房间里有一张桌子和两把椅子。
2.either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…等连接并列主语时,谓语动词跟邻近的主语保持一致。如:
Neither you nor he ______ right. 你和他都不对。
Not only he but also I __________.
不仅他被邀请了,我也被邀请了。
is
is
am invited
语法互动(十二)┃主谓一致
考点一 就近一致原则
即主、谓语在意义上保持一致。
1.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度等的复数名词作主语时,通常被看做一个整体,谓语动词用单数。如:
Twenty years __________ since he left his hometown.他离开家乡有二十年了。
Ten dollars ______ enough. 十美元足够了。
2.以 s结尾的名词(news, maths, physics)本身不表示复数意义,谓语动词通常用单数形式。如:
Maths ______ very hard.数学不是很难。
has passed
is
isn't
语法互动(十二)┃主谓一致
考点二 意义一致原则
3.“the+形容词”(the poor, the rich, the old, the young等)表示一类人。其作主语时,谓语动词用复数。如:
The old ______ taken good care of in this area.
这个地区的老人被照顾得很好。
4.family, class, team, group等集体名词作主语时,若指一个整体,谓语动词用单数;若指具体成员,谓语动词用复数。
5.people, police 等集体名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。如:
The police ______________ the missing child.
警察正在寻找那个失踪的孩子。
are
are looking for
语法互动(十二)┃主谓一致
6.“a number of …”作主语时,谓语动词用复数; “the number of…”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:
The number of the students in our class ______ 50.
我们班学生的数量是五十。
A number of players _________ from Japan.
许多队员来自日本。
7.all, some, none, most, any, the rest,分数或百分数等代词作主语时,若指复数概念,谓语动词用复数;若指单数概念,则谓语动词用单数。如:
Some of the work __________ by me.
一些工作是由我做的。
Some of the students __________.
一些学生学习努力。
is
are/come
is
was done
语法互动(十二)┃主谓一致
8.由and连接的并列主语,如果描述的是同一个人或同一种事物时,其后的谓语动词用单数形式。由and 连接的并列单数主语前分别有no, each, every, more than a/an, many a/an 等修饰词时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。如:
There is a knife and fork on the table.桌上有一副刀叉。
The writer and singer has come to our school.
那位作家兼歌手已经来到我们学校。
9.当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词用单数。如:
The Arabian Nights is an interesting book.
《天方夜谭》是一本有趣的书。
10. “neither of…” “either of…” “one of…”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:
Neither of them comes from America. 他们俩都不是来自美国。
语法互动(十二)┃主谓一致
即主、谓语在语法形式上保持一致。
主语为第三人称单数或一些习惯用作单数的名词或不可数名词,如money, information, clothing等时谓语动词用单数。
1.介词或介词短语作插入语
主语后有with, together with, as well as, without, including, besides, except, but 等引导的短语作插入语时,谓语动词要与主语一致而与插入语无关。如:
All the students,including Tom,______ going to the park. 所有的学生,包括汤姆在内,都要去公园。
are
语法互动(十二)┃主谓一致
考点三 语法一致原则
2.非谓语动词(不定式、动名词等)短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。如:
Doing a lot of practice is a good way to improve your English. 做大量练习是提高你的英语的好方法。
What I need ______ a good book.
我需要的是一本好书。
3.不定代词作主语
不定代词something, anything, nothing, everyone, anybody, nobody, each, neither, either, little, much, one等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Someone ______ waiting for you. 有人在等你。
is
is
语法互动(十二)┃主谓一致
4.常以复数形式出现的名词作主语
名词shoes, classes, clothes, trousers等作主语时,谓语动词必须用复数。但是,如果这些名词被a pair of 修饰时,谓语动词需用单数。如:
The shoes are under the bed.鞋子在床下面。
A pair of shoes______under the bed.
床下面有一双鞋子。
5.在定语从句中,关系代词that, who, which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与先行词的数保持一致。如:
This is the boy who______to see you.
这就是想要见你的男孩。
The boys who are playing football there______my good friends.正在那儿踢足球的那些男孩是我的好朋友。
wants
is
are
语法互动(十二)┃主谓一致