人教版(新课标)必修二Unit 1 Cultural relics 定语从句课件（29张ppt）

(共29张PPT)
一、定语从句的定义：
用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词（antecedent）。定语从句一般是由关系代词或关系副词来引导的。相当于名词和形容词的作用。
eg: 1. Do you know the man who came to see Xiao Yang this morning
2.The day is not far off when we will make a trip to Britain.
定语从句归纳总结
二、关系代词和关系副词的作用：
1、引导作用
2、替代作用
3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用
eg: 1.Those who want to go please sign your names here.
2.This is the house where he was born.
3. Bill, who was here yesterday, asked me a lot of questions.
三、关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose）的指代关系
指人 指物 在定语从句中的作用 Who
Whom Which
that
whose √
√
√
√
√
√
√
主语 宾语
宾语
主语 宾语
主语 宾语
定语
Eg:1.He is such a man who never tells a lie.
2. He is the model worker whom/who we should learn from.
3. A dictionary is a book which often helps us to know the meanings of the words.
4. This is the film which I like best.
5. The boy whose father is a professor is one of my best friends.
6. The house whose roof was blown away by the storm will be rebuilt soon.
四、关系代词which和that的区别：
A.关系代词必须用that的情形：
1、当先行词被形容词的最高级所修饰
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
2、当先行词被序数词修饰
The first car that arrived at the destination was driven by John.
3、当先行词被the only, the very等修饰
This is the only ticket that I got yesterday.
This is the very book that I’m looking for.
4、当先行词为不定代词时或被不定代词修饰时
Is there anything that I can do for you
All that you have to do is to press the button.
There is no time that we can waste.
5、当先行词既指人又指物时
The car and its driver that knocked down the old lady have been taken to the police station.
B.指物时，作介词的宾语，关系代词只能用which
This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion.
五、关系副词when, where, why的用法
关系副词都等于一个适当的介词＋which，在从句中作状语。
When=in/at/on/…+which;
Where=in/at/on/…+which;
Why=for /…+which
1.Do you still remember the day when(on which) we went to visit the museum together
2.This is the factory where(in which)my father once worked.
3.This is the reason why(for which) he was late.
六、as引导定语从句，多与such和the same连用，在从句中作主语或宾语。
1.Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.
2.Let’s discuss only such questions as concern every one of us.
3.Would you please buy me the same novel as you bought for brother yesterday, Mum
4. As we all know, John is an honest man.
比较：
She wore the same dress that she wore at Marry’s wedding.
七、注意事项：
1、关系代词和关系副词在定从中的不同成分
a、This is the place where he works.
This is the place which(that)we visited last year.
b、That was the time when he arrived.
Do you still remember the days that (which)we spent together
c、This is the reason why he went.
The reason that (which)he gave us was quite reasonable.
2、关系代词放在介词后面，只能用which或whom
a.This is the boy with whom he worked.
b.This is the boy whomhe worked with.
c. This is the boy who he worked with.
d. This is the boy he worked with.
e. The house where we live is not large.
f. The house in which we live is not large.
g. The house which we live in is not large.
h. The house we live in is not large.
关系代词前介词的确定方法：
1.根据定语从句中动词、形容词或名词所构成的固定短语；
2.根据与先行词的搭配；
3.根据整个句意。
限制性定语从句
与
非限制性定语从句
一、观察下列例句，找出不同。
1.a.The information that you offered is very helpful.
b.The information, which you offered on-line, will give us some help.
你的发现：限制性定语从句和主句不用
隔开；而非限制性定语从句和主句之间常用
隔开。
逗号
逗号
2.a.The girl who stood in the corner just now is my younger sister.
b.Mrs. Smith, who is in the corner, wants to meet you.
思考：限制性定语从句可否删除，删除后是否会影响句子意思？
非限制性定语从句可否删除，删除后是否会影响句子意思？
限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。
非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明, 如果去掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚。
3.a.I had told them the reason why I didn’t attend the meeting.
b.I had told them the reason, for which I didn’t attend the meeting.
你的发现： 可以引导限制性定语从句，但不能引导非限制性定语从句，要用 代替 。
why
for which
why
4.a.This is the house which/that we bought last month.
b.The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
c.He changed his mind, which made me very angry.
你的发现：限制性定语从句的先行词一般为 ；而非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是 ，也可以是 。
某一个词或短语
整个句子
某一个词或短语
5.a.The girl (that/whom) you talked about just now is my sister.
b.He just sold the house (that/which) he bought 20 years ago.
c.Do you know Tom, whom we often model after
d.This book, which you can get everywhere, is useful for learning English.
你的发现：当关系代词作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中常常可以 ；而在非限制性定语从句中，无论指人还是指物，关系代词 。
省略
不能省略
6.a.Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.
b.You bought the same novel as I did yesterday.
c.As we know, Taiwan belongs to China.
d.Taiwan, as we know, belongs to China.
e.Taiwan belongs to China as we know.
你的发现：as引导限制性定语从句常组成 ， ，so...as...结构，as在定语从句中应充当主语、宾语或表语。
as引导非限制性定语从句可放在 ， ， ，意为“ ”。
such...as...
the same...as...
句首
句中
句末
正如
二、填写下表，你就会对非限制性定语从句有了充分的认知。
区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
作用 修饰，限定 附加、补充说明
形式 （用/不用）逗号 （用/不用）逗号
先行词
关系词 可用that, 不可用
关系代词作宾语可省略 关系代词作宾语
不用
用
who, whom,
whose,which,as,when,
where,why
that/why
不能省
某一个词或短语
既可以是某一个词或短语，也可以是整个句子
难点点拨：
1.关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替whom，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who来代替，也不能省略。
①This is the girl whom (who) I met in the street.
②A young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to impress.
2.which引导的非限制性定语从句不能放在句首。
3.当先行词是专有名词（包括人名地名）世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句。
①His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.
②Shanghai, which is in East China, is developing rapidly.
4.非限制性定语从句和简单句的比较（小小标点，大大不同）
①He has two sons. Both of them are teachers.
②He has two sons, both of whom are teachers.
【课堂检测】
一、用which, as, when, who, whom, where, when, why, that, whose填空。
1.The doctor, name was Johnson, was a Cambridge graduate.
2.He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
3. is known to all, China will be a powerful country in 30 year’s time.
4.I have two brothers, both of are doctors.
whose
which
As
whom
5.We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, other visitors seldom go.
6.He is a good teacher, makes us respect him.
7.I never forget this summer vacation, I spent the happy days with my friends.
8.In the dark street, there wasn't a single person
she could turn for help.
9.The reason, he didn't come to school,was that he was ill.
where
which
when
to
whom
for which
二、找出最佳答案。
1.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, , of course, made the others unhappy.
A.who B.which C.this D.what
2.Carol said the work would be done, personally I doubt very much.
A.it B.that C.when D.which
3. is known to all, the moon travels round the earth once every moth.
A.It B.As C.That D.What
B
D
B
4.Lily asked the policeman she worked to contact her whenever there was an accident.
A.with him B.who C.with whom D.whom
5.The famous basketball star, tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.
A.where B.when C.which D.who
6.The man visited our school yesterday is Jone.
A.who B.which C.whom D.which
7.The woman is talking to my mother is Linda.
A.whose B.who C.whom D.which
C
D
A
B
8.Because of my poor memory, all you told me has been forgotten.
A.that B.which C.what D.as
9.Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually.
A.that B.where C.which D.whose
10.I’ve become good friends with several students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year.
A.who B.where C.when D.which
A
B
A
11.That’s the new machine parts are too small to be seen.
A.that B.which C.whose D.what
12.--Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut
--You should try the barber's I go. It’s only
A.as B.which C.where D.that
13.After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, turned out to be a wise decision.
A.which B.where C.what D.that
C
C
A
14.As a child, Jack studied in a village school, is named after his grandfather.
A.which B.where C.what D.that
15.Life is like a long race we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
A.why B.what C.that D.where
16.The old temple roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.
A.where B.which C.its D.whose
A
D
D
17.I refused to accept the blame for something was someone else’s fault.
A.who B.that C.as D.what
18.In China, the number of cities is increasing development is recognized across the world.
A.where B.which C.whose D.that
19.It is the third time that she has won the race, has surprised us all.
A.that B.where C.which D.what
B
C
C