人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册 Unit 5 Working the Land 词汇知识点课件（50张PPT）

(共50张PPT)
Vocabulary
Unit 5 Working the Land
.hybrid
n. 杂交种;混血儿;混合体
adj.混合的；杂种的，杂交成的
hybrid rice 杂交水稻
hybrid vehicles 混动汽车
.pollinate
vt. 对...授粉
n.
self pollination 自花传粉
Rice is a hybrid of self-pollinating plant.
翻译：
水稻是自花授粉植物的杂交品种。
.devote
vt
把...用于;致力于;献身于
devote...to...把...用于...
devote oneself to (doing) sth献身于;致力于;专心于
=be devoted to (doing) sth
【同根词】
devoted adj.挚爱的；全心全意的；忠诚的
devotion n.献身；忠诚；热爱；专心
袁隆平一生致力于杂交水稻技术的研究。
Yuan Longping devoted himself to the research of hibrid rice technology all his life.
(be devoted to sb./sth.)
devotion to duty 忠于职守
.sorghum
n.
高粱；[作物] 蜀黍
.grain
n
[C]&[U]谷物;谷粒;颗粒
broom 扫帚
A new broom sweeps clean.
新官上任三把火。
.wheat
n
[U]小麦
.widespread
adj
广泛的;分布广的;传播广的
同词根
widely
与水稻不同，小麦生产在全球范围内更为广泛。
Unlike rice, wheat production is more widespread globally.
.soil
n
①土;土壤(=earth)[C]
②国土;领土
sb's native soil某人的故土
.mineral
n
[C]矿物质
adj
矿物的;含矿物的
mineral water矿泉水
土壤中包含矿物质。
翻译：
The soil contains minerals.
.fertiliser=fertilizer
n.
[肥料] 肥料
a substance added to soil to make plants grow more successfully
root
n
[C]根;根源;起源;词根
have sb’s roots in ...起源于...
deep roots 深厚渊源；根深蒂固
v
(使)生根; (使)扎根 root up连根拔起
root for sb. 为某人加油/助威
同根词
fertile adj.肥沃的；富饶的
同根词
rooted adj.根深蒂固的；稳固的
.organic
adj
①器官的
②有机的;不使用化肥的
organic food有机食品
【同根词】
organ n.器官
organically adv有机地；有组织地；器官上地
produced or practised without using artificial chemicals
inorganic 无机的
organic disease 器官疾病
Practice
①It can't be denied that we need __________(devote) more resources to this problem. ②The professor devoted all his life to _________(research) the treatment of AIDS.③She ____________ (致力于)her career.
Doctors advise routine exercise along with a healthy diet featuring vegetables, fruits, nuts and whole _______(grain).
①The ________(mineral) in the water made it unpleasant to drink. ②The rock is rich in _______(mine) salts.
①After 20 years in America, I still feel my _____(root) are in England. ②Racism is still deeply ______(root) in our society.
__________(organic) grown produce does not differ greatly in appearance from conventionally grown crops.
to devote
researching
was devoted to
devoted herself to
grains
minerals
mineral
roots
rooted
Organically
.chemical
adj
化学的
chemical rain酸雨
n
[C] [常用复数]化学品;化学制品
【同根词】
chemistry化学；化学过程
chemist n.化学家；<英>药剂师；<英>药店，药房
labelling of chemicals
化学品标志
.pesticide
n.
杀虫剂
suicide n.自杀
Translation
Organic food is pure food without using chemical fertilizers or pesticides.
有机食品是纯粹的不使用化肥或杀虫剂的食物。
.shortage
n
[C]&[U]不足;缺乏;短缺
water/food shortage 水/食物短缺 a shortage of 缺少；短缺
【同根词】
short adj.短的；不足的
shortly adv.立刻；简短地；唐突地
shorten v.缩短
shortness n.短小；不足 shortness of breath 气促；呼吸浅短
.tackle
vt
①处理/对付(难题)
②与...商谈/交涉
③（足球等）抢球；抢断
=deal with a difficult problem or situation
The government is determined to tackle inflation.
政府决心解决通货膨胀问题。
2. He was tackled just outside the penalty area.
他就在罚球区外让对方把球抢断。
3. I tackled him about the money he owed me.
我就他欠我钱的事与他进行了交涉。
.crisis
n
[C]&[U]危机;紧要关头
the financial crisis金融危机
危机干预
.overcome
vt
(overcame, overcome)
①战胜;克服
②be overcome with 为……所压倒/制服
get over
overcome procrastination
【pl】crises
Practice
①___________(chemical) are substances that are used in a chemical process or made by a chemical process.②The raw sewage(污水) is ___________ (chemical) treated.
①Vietnam is suffering from food _________(short).②Staff _________ (shortage) were worsened by the flu epidemic.
①Prof Sir John Beddington said there was a "need for urgency" in ________ (tackle) climate change.②Ten fire fighters ________ (tackle) the blaze, which broke through the roof of the property.
There were no comparable ________ (crisis) during the post World-War II gold standard era ending in 1967.
①She _________ (overcome) her natural diffidence and spoke with great frankness.②The two parties managed _____________ (overcome) their differences on the issue.
Chemicals
chemically
shortage
shortages
tackling
tackled
crises
overcame
to overcome
.bacterium
n
[C] (pl bacteria)细菌
.depth
n
①[U]& 深 (度);深处[C] the depths of the ocean 海洋的深处
30 feet in depth 30英尺深
②[U] (知识)渊博;深刻; (感情) 深厚
in depth全面地;深入地;仔细地 out of one’s depth 某人力所不能及的；非某人所能理解的
同词根
deep adj.深的；厚的；adv. 深深地；在深处；至深处
deeply adv.很，非常；深刻地，深沉地；至深处
.deep down 在内心深处;本质上;实际上
.boost
n
增长;提高;激励
vt
使增长;使兴旺
boost one 's confidence增强信心
promote/enhance/increase
.expand
v
vt&vi扩展;扩大; (使)膨胀
【同根词】
expansion n.扩张；膨胀；阐述
territorial expansion
enlarge
.extension（单方向的）
n
①（时间）延伸;扩大;延长期
②（建筑物）扩建部分
③电话分机;分机号码
by extension[正式用语]再则
【同根词】
extend v.延伸，扩大，延长；持续，包括，波及；表示；提供
contract extension 续签合同
extend a warm welcome
extend the hand of friendship
extend oneself
extend operations
extend a road
表示热烈的欢迎
the extension of the subway 扩建地铁
伸出友谊之手
竭尽全力
拓展业务
扩建公路
extension number 分机号码
Practice
Warm milk is the ideal breeding(繁殖) ground for ________(bacterium).
①The smaller lake ranges from five to fourteen feet ____ depth.②The breadth and ______(deep) of his knowledge are apparent throughout the book.③She can seem stern, but ___________(实际上) she's a very kind person.
①Residents said the only upside would be ___ boost to the island's economy.②Relaunches（重新开发） are often simply a way of________(boost) sales.
①There are no plans __________(expand) the local airport.②The villages __________(expand) and merged into one large town.
①The __________(extend) of the subway will take several months.②The bank plans various __________(extension) to its credit facilities.
bacteria
in
depth
deep down
a
boosting
to expand
expanded
extension
extensions
adj
①家务的;家养的
②本国的;国内的【反foreign】
adv
domestically 国内地；家庭式地；适合国内地
exotic adj.奇异的，异国风情的
.domestic
.consumption
n[U]消费(量);消耗(量)
【同根词】
consume v消费；消耗
consumer n.消费者
Expand domestic demand
and promote consumption
.yield
n.
产量；产出；利润
vt.
出产（作物)﹔产生（收益、效益等)
屈服；让步
放弃；缴出
.output
n[C]&[U]产量;输出(量)
v 输出
【拓展】
input n.输入
the amount of sth that a person, a machine or an organization produces
to produce or provide sth, for example a profit, result or crop
Higher-rate deposit accounts yield good returns.
I yielded to temptation and had a chocolate bar.
He refused to yield up his gun.
Manufacturing output has increased by 8%
Computers can now output data much more quickly.
.convince
vt
①使确信;使信服
convince sb of sth使某人相信某事
convince sb. that...使某人相信……
②说服(=persuade)
convince sb to do sth说服某人去做某事
【同根词】
convinced adj.确信的；坚信的
be convinced of...相信...
convincing adj.有说服力的；使人信服的
cha.rac.te.ris.tic
n [C] [常用复数]特征;特色;特点
adj
特有的;典型的 [反]uncharacteristic adj.
【同根词】
character n
①[C][常用单数]性格
②特色;特性
③(好的)品性;道德品质
④人物;角色
⑤符号;文字
characterize vt以...为特色;具有...的特征
characteristically adv. 典型地；表示特性地
One of Ben's characteristics is that he always has a big smile when he meets someone.
② Ben has a warm and friendly character.
(他做一些更具体的事情，使他不同于其他人)
(这是对他“天性”的概括评价)
Practice
①Output consists of both exports and sales on the _____________（国内市场）.②There is no shortage of causes that need our attention, both ______________(domestic) and globally.
There has been a slight increase in the __________(consume) of meat.
①Last year 400,000 acres of land _______(yield) a crop worth $1.75 billion.②Another disadvantage of organic farming is that the diminished(减少的) _______(yield) are wasteful of water and farmland.
①I _______________(convince) that he was brighter than average.②Our greatest problem is ___________(convince) them.
①The two groups of children have quite different _____________ (characteristic). ②We all need the books that will correct the characteristic _________(mistake) of our own period.
domestic market
domestically
consumption
yielded
yields
was convinced
convincing
characteristics
mistakes
.attain
v
[正式用语] (经过长时间努力)达到(achieve);得到;取得
attain one’s goal达到目标
【同根词】
attainable adj.可得到的；可达到的；可到达的
attainment n 达到；成就；学识
accomplish
acquire
come true
at 加强语气+tain 抓住→努力抓住→获得；到达
obtain 获得；赢得
contain 包含；控制
.conventional
adj
①传统的;墨守成规的;普通平凡的
②[只用于名词前] (尤指武器)非核的;常规的
【同根词】
convention
n.习俗；常规;大会，集会;公约，协定
conventinal morality
传统道德规范
.assumption
n
[C]假定;假设 on the assumption that 假设
承担；担任 their assumption of power/control 他们的取得权力╱控制
【同根词】
assume vt
①[正式用语]担任;承担(take)
②假定;设想
It is generally assumed (that) ...普遍认为，...
assuming conj假设;假定
.intense
adj
强烈的;激烈的;浓厚的
【同根词】
intensely adv.强烈地，专注地；非常
intensity n.
①强烈，剧烈，激烈
②强度，烈度
intense interest
intense cold
intense competition
.es.ti.mate
vt
[常用于被动语态]估计;估算;估价
①estimate sth (at sth)估计某物(费用为...多少)
②be estimated to do sth估算
③it is estimated + (that)从句 据估计，...
n
[C]估计;估算;估价
estimate 对一般数值，价格的估计
evaluate 评价；评估
assess 评价资产；财产
Practice
①We hope this objective will ___________(attain).②The changes they made were significant, but so was the peace of mind _______(attain) by their shift.③This standard is easily __________(attain) by most students.
It's not a hotel, in the ____________(convention) sense, but rather a whole village turned into a hotel.
①The whole argument rests on a false ____________(assume).②It ____________(assume) that you are interested in achieving greater self-awareness.
①There is now intense ____________(compete) between schools to attract students.②Eisenhower was _________(intense) aware of the need for long-range planning.
①It is hard ___________(estimate) how many children suffer from dyslexia(诵读困难). ②Some _________(estimate) show next year's budget could be $2.5 billion in the hole.
be attained
attained
attainable
conventional
assumption
is assumed
competition
intensely
to estimate
estimates
.celebrity
n
[C]名人;名流
online celebrity 网红
.reality
n
[U]&[C]真实;现实;事实
a reality show真人秀节目
in reality实际上;事实上
同根词
real adj.真实的 n.现实
realize vt.实现；意识到；了解
realized adj.已实现的
如今，越来越多的明星参加真人秀节目。
Nowadays, more and more celebrities take part in reality shows.
.vision
n
①[U]视力(=sight);视觉
have good / poor vision视力好/差
②[C]想象;幻象
③[U]远见卓识
a man of great vision有远见卓识的人
【同根词】
visible adj.可见的
invisible adj.不可见的
.envision （en使+vision想象）
vt.
展望；想象；预想
vision illusion 视觉错觉
.comprise
vt
[不用于进行时][正式用语]包括;构成
be comprised of...包括...;包含...;由......组成
.poverty
n
[U]贫穷;贫困
live in poverty过着穷苦的生活
【同根词】
poor adj.
①贫穷的;贫困的;贫乏的【反rich】
②不善于的;差的;体弱的
③[只用于名词前，无比较级]可怜的;不幸的
poorly adv糟糕地; 不好地;拙劣地(=badly)【反well】
Older people comprise a large proportion of those living in poverty.
在那些生活贫困的人中，老年人占有很大的比例。
Practice
They were entertained by top singers, dancers and ___________ (celebrity).
①The story is a magical mix of fantasy and ______(real).②Here are five marketing ________(real) that can help us bridge the past, present, and future.
It said that ____(it) vision of TV everywhere will be more personal, social, ubiquitous and informative.
Mr. Halperin __________(envision) a time when baby-sitting is no longer considered a girl's job.
The boards _________________ 23% female directors.董事会由23%的女性董事组成。
①We know that children who grow up without a father are more likely to live ____ poverty.② Disease and _______(poor) often go together.
celebrities
reality
realities
its
envisions
are comprised of
in
poverty
.generate
vt
产生;创造;引起
同根词
generation n.一代；产生；一代人；生殖
the younger/older generation
年轻的一代；老一辈
generate eletricity 发电
generate profit 产生利润
.strain
n.
（植物、动物的）品种；种类 new strains of drought-resistant crops 抗旱作物新品种
压力；重负；重压之下出现的问题（或担忧等） take the strain 承受压力
劳损；拉伤；扭伤 muscle strain 肌肉劳损
.alleviate
vt.
减轻，缓和
同根词
alleviation n.缓和；镇痛物
拉伸可以缓解肌肉劳损。
Stretching can alleviate your muscle strain.
.leisure
n
[U]闲暇;业余时间
leisure time / activities闲暇时间/活动
the leisure industry休闲娱乐行业
at one’s leisure有空时，空闲时
在英国最受欢迎的休闲活动是散步。
The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk.
.flavor
n
[C]&[U]味道;风味;特点
.nutrition
n
[U]营养;营养学
poor nutrition营养不良
【同根词】
nutritional adj. 营养的；滋养的
nutritious adj. 有营养的，营养丰富的；滋养的
随着生活水平的提高，人们不仅关注食物的味道，而且也关注食物的营养。
翻译：
With the improvement of living standard,people not only focus on the flavor but also the nutrition of food.
nutritional content 营养成分
nutritious meal 营养成分
.salty
adj
咸的;含盐的
【同根词】
salt n.盐
salted adj.盐腌的
.aspect
n
①[C]方面
②[U] [单数] [正式用语]外观;样子
从营养方面来说，最好不要吃太咸的食物。
It’s better not eat food that is too salty from nutrition aspect.
salted duck egg
.urban
adj
[只用于名词前]城市的;都市的【反rural】
urban area市区
【拓展】
rural adj.乡村的
.grocery
n[C]
①[复数] 食品杂货
②食品杂货店(=grocery store)
Practice
①The story captured the hearts and minds of a ____________(generate).②The paradox of exercise is that while using a lot of energy it seems ___________(generate) more.③Rubbing plastic and wool generates electricity.
I suggest you take the forms away and read them at _____(you) leisure.
This yogurt comes in ten different _________(flavour).
The human tongue can detect five distinct tastes: sweet, _____(salt), sour, bitter and umami(鲜味的).
The book aims to cover all ________(aspect) of city life.
Urban _____________(develop) has led to the ruination of vast areas of countryside.
generation
to generate
your
flavours
salty
aspects
development
.bomb
n
[C]炸弹 a bomb attack/blast/explosion 轰炸；炸弹爆炸
vt
轰炸 ; 【informal】（考试）惨败；票房极差；
The exam was impossible! I definitely bombed it.
考试太难了！我肯定考砸了。
His latest musical bombed and lost thousands of dollars.
他最近的一部音乐喜剧演砸了，赔了几千元。
Terrorists bombed several army barracks.
恐怖分子轰炸了几处兵营。
.tunnel
n
[C]隧道;地道
a railway / railroad tunnel铁路隧道
the Channel Tunnel英吉利海峡隧道
.digest
v
①vi&vt消化
②vt理解;领会
n
[C]摘要;文摘 Youth Digest 青年文摘
【同根词】
digestion n.消化，消化能力
.entirely
adv
全部地;完全地(=completely)
【同根词】
entire adj.全部的；整个的
我没有完全领会他说的话。
I didn’t entirely digest what he said.
.essential
adj
必不可少的;最重要的 (=vital);本质的
it is essential that sb (should) do sth某人做某事是十分必要的
it is essential for sb to do sth某人做某事是十分必要的
【同根词】
essentially adv本质上;根本上(=basically)
.instance
n
[C]例子;事例
for instance (= for example)例如以...为例
in the first instance 首先；第一
.alternative
adj
①[只用于名词前]可供替代的;可供选择的
an alternative method of learning其他的学习方法
②非传统的;另类的
an alternative lifestyle 另类的生活方式
alternative energy替代能源(指太阳能、风能、水能等)
n
[C]选择;供选择的东西
have no alternative but to do sth除了做某事别无选择
【同根词】
alternatively adv[引出第二种选择或可能的建议]二者选一地;或者
.in turn
依次;反过来;转而
孩子们依次自报（call out）姓名。
The children called out their names in turn.
如果你善待他人，他们也会善待你。（treat;kindness）
If you treat others with kindness,in turn they will show you kindness.
Practice
The city was ________(heavy) bombed in the war.
①For those who aren't familiar with the app, it's designed ___________ (digest) travel information via email.②No liquids are served with meals because they interfere with _________(digest).
They communicated _________(entire) by gesture.
His analysis of urban use of agricultural land has been proved ___________(essential) correct.
①There are alternative _________(source) of nutrition to animal meat.②He has shared one view and I have expressed ____ alternative way of seeing it.
heavily
to digest
digestion
entirely
essentially
sources
an
Practice
Whatever measures are deemed appropriate to be taken, _________________________ they are explained to the public.无论采取什么措施被认为是适当的，都有必要向公众解释清楚。
The two sisters took care of their sick mother ______________.两姐妹轮流照顾生病的母亲。
it is essential that
in turn