人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册 Unit 1 Science and Scientists Using Language & Assessing Your Progress(学案)

Unit 1 Science and Scientists
Section C Using Language & Assessing Your Progress
学习目标
1、学会本节单词、短语。
2、学会写人物传记。
词汇运用
1. cast
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
cast down 使失望；使沮丧
cast/throw a shadow over/on 投下一片阴影，给……蒙上阴影
cast aside 扔，抛，废弃，废除
cast away 扔掉，丢弃，抛弃
2. pour
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
pour… out 毫无保留地表达感情
pour… into… 把……倒入……中
pour… away… 倒掉……
3. defend
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
defend… against/from… 保卫……免受……
defend oneself 为自己辩护/辩解
defend one's argument 为某人的论点辩护
defence n. 防御，保护，保卫；防御物
in defence of 为保卫……；为……辩护
4. assistant
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
assistant head of sales 营销部副主任
assist vt. 帮助；援助；协助
assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事
assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事
5. in charge of
意思：_____________
take charge of 负责，主管
charge vt. & vi. 收费；控诉 n. 费用；主管
charge sb. for sth. 为某物向某人收费
charge sb. with sth. 指控某人某事
6. gifted
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
be gifted in/at 在……方面有天赋/才华
be gifted with… 具有……
gift n. 天赋，天才，才能
have a gift/talent for 有……天赋
7. shift
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
词性：____________ 意思：_____________
bring about/produce a shift 产生变化
eight-hour shift 八小时工作制
shift… from… to… 把……从……移动/搬到……
句型解析
1. Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles, his world became one of abstract thought.
since引导原因状语从句
since 表示的原因是对方已知的，或是句中不是很重要的部分，是附带的原因，不能回答why的提问。
（1） 表示原因的连词或短语：
because 因为。语气较重，常用于回答why的疑问。
as因为。语气较弱。
for因为。并列连词，引导一个分句，不能置于句首，表示进一步补充说明。
now that 相当于since, 是连词短语，用来引导原因状语从句，口语中经常省略 that.
（2）表原因的短语介词：due to, because of, on account of, owing to, thanks to, as a result of等。
2. Once the maths was corrected.it showed that the big bang theory-and not the steady state theory-was true.
once引导时间状语从句
once用作连词时，意为“一旦……就……”，用于引导时间状语从句，相当于as soon as.
拓一词多义：
once adv. 曾经；一次，一趟；一倍
once短语有：
once or twice一次或两次
all at once 同时
once upon a time从前
once more 再一次
写作天地
假定你是李华，你班英语角科学家专栏要张贴有关女性科学家的文章，请你撰写一篇有关居里夫人的文章，投稿到英语角。主要内容包括：
①居里夫人：1867年生于波兰。
②与教授 Pierre Curie 结婚，发现钋和镭；1903年共同获得诺贝尔物理学奖。
③1911年单独获得诺贝尔化学奖；第一位两次获诺贝尔奖的科学家。
参考词汇：钋 polonium 镭radium
注意：①词数80左右；
②可适当添加细节，以使行文连贯。
练习
图画写作
In your English class, the teacher shows this picture and asks the class to discuss it. Your classmates have different understandings. Look at the picture carefully and tell the class how you understand the picture. Write what you would say on the answer sheet.
字数要求：词数不少于100。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
概要写作
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
Long Journey
The majority of the world’s clothes, bags and shoes are manufactured in Asia. But the region’s brands have made little headway in the West. Of the ten most valuable global apparel (服装) labels ranked by Millward Brown, a market-research firm, only Uniqlo is Asian. Li-Ning, one of China’s best-selling sportswear brands, tried to enter America in 2010. It opened a flagship store in Portland, Oregon and later launched an English-language online store. Both failed.
What makes the journey so hard Adjusting to Western tastes takes time. Although Uniqlo became the largest Japanese apparel brand by selling US-style clothing, it still encountered cultural barriers in America itself. For example, vests (背心) are one of Uniqlo’s most popular products at home, but relatively few Americans and Europeans wear an additional layer beneath their shirts, says Dairo Murata, an analyst at JPMorgan Chase, a bank. It was only two years ago the firm also realized that XL was not big enough in America; it now duly provides XXXL.
Another problem, at least outside the big cities, is price. Uniqlo takes pride in the use of high-tech, comfortable fabrics (布料)，an attempt to differentiate itself from other basic clothing brands like Gap and Old Navy. But at Danbury Fair, a Connecticut shopping mall that is a barometer for retail trends in the suburbs, people prefer Primark, a super-cheap Irish retailer (零售商) which recently opened, to Uniqlo, which shut up shop in June. Mall visitors are conservative about fashion and about spending, explains F.K. Grunert, its manager.
What still seems to work better is concentrating on urban centres, even though that means a smaller potential market. This month Uniqlo opened a stand-alone store in Manhattan’s Soho; such shops tend to do well. In 2002 it had 21 stores in Britain, dotted around the north-west, Midlands and south-east; now eight of the ten it still has are in London.
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三、完成句子
3．外出就餐是一个不错的选择，这谈不上是丢弃传统。
Eating out is a good choice and ________.
4．如果你在工作中感到责任的压力，你应该退一步，找出那些更重要和不那么重要的。
If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and ______________________ of greater and less importance.
5．直到1911年人们才发现了第一种维生素。
It was ______ ______ 1911 ______ the first vitamin was identified.
6．Loyalty was her most _____________.
忠诚是她最令人钦佩的品质。
7．他的报告似乎说不通，这让我们很难理解他的观点。（it作形式宾语）
His report didn’t seem to make sense, which ________.
8．这使得北京的友好城市巴黎捐赠了大量的高品质装备。
This led Beijing’s twin city, Paris, to __________ a large number of equipment of high __________.
9．中国高铁，质量上乘、安全可靠。
China's high - speed trains ________ ________ ________ ________, safe and reliable.
试卷第6页，共6页
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参考答案：
1．What an interesting picture! A Western young man, sitting at a table, is ready to eat a bowl of noodles. He is holding two forks the same way as we Chinese hold chopsticks. He is trying so hard to pick up the noodles that he is sweating a lot. At first glance, I think it’s a bit funny, for we Chinese take it for granted that chopsticks are the tools for eating noodles. The man in the picture is trying to copy us. Obviously he is doing it the hard way. Maybe using one fork will do a better job. In my opinion, we don’t need to copy other’s ways of thinking. Sometimes a simpler way of doing things may be a better way.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生描述这幅图片并说明自己是如何理解它的。
【详解】1.词汇积累
准备好做某事：be ready to do sth.→be prepared to do sth.
困难的：hard→difficult
以我的观点：in my opinion→from my point of view
模仿：copy→imitate
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：A Western young man, sitting at a table, is ready to eat a bowl of noodles.
拓展句：A Western young man, who is sitting at a table, is ready to eat a bowl of noodles.
【点睛】【高分句型1】He is trying so hard to pick up the noodles that he is sweating a lot. (运用了so…that引导的结果状语从句)
【高分句型2】At first glance, I think it’s a bit funny, for we Chinese take it for granted that chopsticks are the tools for eating noodles. (运用了省略that引导的宾语从句，for引导的原因状语从句，that引导的宾语从句)
2． It’s hard for Asia’s fashion brands to appeal to Western customers. But why They don’t know western tastes and culture very well so they need time to make adjustments. High price is another reason because suburban customers care more about price than fashion. So it may be a wise choice for Asian brands to open their shops in urban centres.
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述亚洲的衣服品牌进入西方国家的市场的道路很坎坷。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①The majority of the world’s clothes, bags and shoes are manufactured in Asia. But the region’s brands have made little headway in the West.
②What makes the journey so hard
③Adjusting to Western tastes takes time. Although Uniqlo became the largest Japanese apparel brand by selling US-style clothing, it still encountered cultural barriers in America itself.
④Another problem, at least outside the big cities, is price.
⑤But at Danbury Fair, a Connecticut shopping mall that is a barometer for retail trends in the suburbs, people prefer Primark, a super-cheap Irish retailer (零售商) which recently opened, to Uniqlo, which shut up shop in June. Mall visitors are conservative about fashion and about spending, explains F.K. Grunert, its manager.
⑥What still seems to work better is concentrating on urban centres, even though that means a smaller potential market.
2.缜密构思
将第1，2，3，6四个要点进行重组，将第4，5两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
It’s hard for Asia’s fashion brands to appeal to Western customers.
But why
They don’t know western tastes and culture very well so they need time to make adjustments.
High price is another reason because suburban customers care more about price than fashion.
So it may be a wise choice for Asian brands to open their shops in urban centres.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Although Uniqlo became the largest Japanese apparel brand by selling US-style clothing, it still encountered cultural barriers in America itself.（运用一个主从复合句体现了优衣库在美国遇到了文化冲击。其中Although引导的让步状语从句表达高级）
【高分句型2】But at Danbury Fair, a Connecticut shopping mall that is a barometer for retail trends in the suburbs, people prefer Primark, a super-cheap Irish retailer (零售商) which recently opened, to Uniqlo, which shut up shop in June.（运用一个复杂的主从复合句体现了美国郊区人的消费趋势。其中which引导的非限制性定语从句表达高级）
【高分句型3】What still seems to work better is concentrating on urban centres, even though that means a smaller potential market.（运用一个复杂的主从复合句体现了在美国的潜在市场。其中What引导的主语从句和even though引导的让步状语从句表达高级）
3．it has nothing to do with loss of traditions
【详解】考查固定句型和名词。“谈不上”可以理解为“和……无关”，翻译为have nothing to do with；“丢弃传统”可以翻译为loss of tradition；可以用it代替eating out 这件事，谓语动词应该用单数形式。故填it has nothing to do with loss of traditions。
4．identify those
【详解】考查动词和代词。根据句意“找出那些”可知，空格处涉及单词“identify”，意为“找到”，动词词性，“should”为情态动词，后接动词原形，“those”意为“那些”，为指示代词，作“identify”的宾语，故空格处应填“identify those”。故填identify those。
5． not until that
【详解】考查强调句型。根据句意可知，本题考查强调句型It was not until...that...，意为“直到....才...”。故填①not②until③that。
6．admirable quality
【详解】考查形容词和名词。根据句意及空前的most可知空处应填形容词与most一起构成最级，作定语，修饰其后的名词，admirable形容词，意为“令人钦佩的”，名词quality意为“品质”，可数名词，依据空前的Loyalty，可知应用单数形式，在句中作表语。故填admirable quality。
7．made it hard for us to understand his opinion
【详解】考查固定句型和时态。对比中英文句子可知，空处涉及固定句型make it+adj.+for sb. to do sth.“使得做某事对于某人来说……”，it是形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语；make为定语从句的谓语动词，结合语境和上文didn’t 判断为一般过去时；“困难的”表达为hard；“理解”表达为understand；“他的观点”表达为his opinion。故填made it hard for us to understand his opinion。
【点睛】
8． donate quality
【详解】考查动词和名词。根据句意及固定短语lead sb to do可知，第一个空格应填写表“捐赠”的动词原形；根据句意及第二个空格前的形容词可知，该处应填写表“品质，质量”的名词单数，故填①donate；②quality。
9． are of high##good quality
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：中国高铁，质量上乘、安全可靠。分析句子可知，此处可使用be+of+名词表示形容词的用法，句中主语是复数形式，为保持主谓一致，谓语也应使用复数形式。故填①are ②of③high/good④quality。
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