2023届高考英语二轮复习外刊学习拓展课件(共45张PPT)

(共45张PPT)
外刊学习课件
海蒂拉玛
In the 1940s, Hedy Lamarr was one of Hollywood’s most sought-after
leading ladies. But away from the cameras, her passion for innovation spawned (使产生) the wireless communication technology (无线通信技术) we take for granted (认为……理所当然) today.
20世纪40年代，海蒂·拉玛是好莱坞最受欢迎的女主角之一。但在镜头之外，她对创新抱有极大的热情，都是因为她如今我们习以为常的无线通信技术才得以诞生。
sought-after adj（因稀有或质优而）受欢迎的；吃香的（seek v [学术词] 寻找）
leading lady 扮演女主角的演员（leading adj 领先的 [lead 领先；率先 + -ing]）
passion n [课标新增词] 热爱；激情
innovation n [课标新增词] [学术词] 创新；革新（innovate [学术词] 创新；革新 + -ion）
Of all the many parts played by Hedy Lamarr during her glittering (辉煌的；成功的) Hollywood career, none can be quite as inspirational as the one which most people know least about – her life away from the cameras.
在海蒂·拉玛辉煌的好莱坞演绎生涯中，她扮演了许多角色，但鲜为人知的是，这些角色远不如镜头外的她励志。
inspirational adj 鼓舞人心的（inspiration 鼓舞人心的人 / 事 + -al）
For as much as she became known as ‘Hollywood’s most beautiful woman’, there was much more to Lamarr than just her stunning (极漂亮的) good looks. Put it this way: without her there might be no WiFi, no Bluetooth and even no smartphones.
尽管拉玛被称为“好莱坞最美丽的女人”，但她拥有的不仅仅是惊人的美貌。这么说吧：没有她，可能就没有WiFi、蓝牙，甚至没有智能手机。
put v [熟词生义] 说；表达
百科知识
蓝牙（Bluetooth）名字的由来
蓝牙（Bluetooth）一词取自于十世纪丹麦国王哈拉尔的名字 Harald “Bluetooth” Gormsson。哈拉尔因两件事而闻名——统一挪威、丹麦与绰号蓝牙。哈拉尔有一颗牙齿坏掉，呈深蓝色，因而被戏称为蓝牙（Bluetooth）。1998年爱立信联合IBM、英特尔、诺基亚及东芝公司等5家著名厂商联合宣布了一种短距离无线通信新技术，由于这几家大公司的合作与“蓝牙王”哈拉尔统一挪威、丹麦的经历类似，所以这项新技术便以“蓝牙（Bluetooth）”命名。
Born in Vienna in 1914, Hedy Lamarr, whose real name was Hedwig Kiesler, emigrated (移居国外) to the US in 1937 and caught the eye of film producer Louis B. Mayer while traveling by ship from London to New York.
海蒂·拉玛，1914年出生于维也纳，本名海德薇·基斯勒，1937年移民到美国，在从伦敦乘船前往纽约时，引起了制片人路易斯·B·梅耶的注意。
Who was Hedy Lamarr
海蒂·拉玛是谁？
catch the eye of sb 引起某人的注意（= catch sb’s eye）
She would go on to make over 25 movies, appearing opposite some of Tinseltown’s (好莱坞) most iconic (非常出名或受欢迎的) leading men, and socialized with the likes of US President John F. Kennedy and business magnate (富豪) Howard Hughes.
随后海蒂·拉玛接拍了25多部电影，与好莱坞最火的男主角演对手戏，与美国总统约翰·肯尼迪和商业巨头霍华德·休斯等名流交往。
opposite prep 与……合演；与……联袂演出
socialize v 交际；交往（social + -ize）
the likes of sb [非正式用语] 类似某人的类型
As with many female roles at the time, Lamarr’s celluloid (电影) career often depended on her looks.
和当时的许多女性角色一样，海蒂·拉玛在电影里经常扮演花瓶角色。
Off-screen, Hedy’s life was sometimes turbulent (吵吵闹闹的；动荡的) and often shrouded in (被……笼罩) scandal (丑闻) – she was married and divorced (离婚) six times. But when the camera’s stopped rolling, Hedy’s passion was for science, innovation and invention.
银幕外，海蒂的生活不算安稳，经常丑闻缠身——她有过六次失败的婚姻。但是当镜头停止转动时，海蒂对科学、创新和发明充满热情。
roll v 启动；转动
“Inventions are easy for me to do, the Austrian accented LaMarr says in ‘Bombshell.’
I don’t have to work on ideas, they come naturally.”
“发明对我来说很容易，”带着奥地利口音的拉玛在《重磅新闻》中说。
“我不必绞尽脑汁，它们自然而然就产生了。”
accent v [名词动化] 带……口音
From frequency hopping to spread spectrum technology
从跳频到扩频技术
And invent she did. Armed with equipment gifted to her by fellow innovator Howard Hughes, Hedy Lamarr would spend hours in her trailer (拖车式活动房屋) on movie sets, testing theories and experimenting with technology.
她确实发明了新东西。海蒂·拉玛带着同行发明家霍华德·休斯送的设备，在电影片场时，她常常在拖车里花几个小时测试理论，做技术实验。
arm v [名词动化] 提供；配备（arm sb with sth 用某物武装某人）
gift v [名词动化] 送给
set n [熟词生义] 摄影棚；拍摄现场
One such idea would prove to be a game changer in terms of wireless communication: it would pave (铺) the way for the foundation for today’s mobile phones, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and of course GPS.
就这样的一个想法却成为了无线通信行业的游戏规则改变者：它为后来的手机、Wi-Fi、蓝牙以及GPS的出现打下了基础。
in terms of 在……方面来讲；就……而言（terms n [复数] 条文；条款）
foundation n [课标新增词] [学术词] 基础（found + -ation）
“Frequency hopping” was an ingenious (巧妙的) way of switching between radio frequencies in order to avoid a signal being jammed. It was developed by Hedy Lamarr with the American composer George Antheil as a “secret communications system”.
“跳频”是一种在无线电频率之间切换以避免信号被干扰的独创性的技术。它是由海蒂·拉玛与美国作曲家乔治·安泰尔研发的一种“秘密通信系统” 。
frequency n [课标新增词] 频率（frequent + -cy）
jam v [熟词生义] 干扰（无线电或电子信号）
develop v 开发；研制
By manipulating (操控；控制) radio frequencies at irregular intervals (间隔) between transmission and reception, the invention formed an unbreakable code (编码；代码) that could prevent secret messages from being intercepted.
通过在不规律的时间段内控制收发双方的无线电频率，这种发明形成了一种牢不可破的代码，可以防止秘密信息被截获。
transmission n 传输（trans- + mission）
reception n 接收（re- 回 + cept- 拿；抓 + -tion）
intercept v 拦截（inter- 之间 + cept-）
After receiving a patent for it in 1942, Hedy Lamarr donated the technology to the US military to help fight the Nazis, specifically to help guide torpedoes (鱼雷) under water without being detected. But it was dismissed at the time.
1942年获得专利后，海蒂·拉玛将跳频技术捐赠给了美国军方，以打击纳粹，她希望军方能把这项技术用于引导鱼雷，可以避免被敌方检测到。但在当时这个提议未被理会。
patent n 专利（权）
military n [课标新增词] [学术词] 军队
specifically adv [学术词] 特定地；明确地
detect v [课标新增词] [学术词] 发现；侦查出
dismiss v 拒绝考虑（dis- + miss- 送走）
It would subsequently go on to be used in a wide range of applications, but, significantly, it was the “spread spectrum” technology that Hedy Lamarr helped to invent that would form the basis of modern wireless communication technology and enable the smartphone boom (迅速发展) and WiFi connections we take for granted today.
随后这项技术被广泛应用，但毫无疑问，海蒂·拉玛帮助发明的“扩频”技术构成了现代无线通信技术的基础，使智能手机繁荣发展，使我们如今能习以为常地使用WiFi。
subsequently adv [学术词] 随后；接着（subsequent + -ly；subsequent adj [课标新增词] [学术词] 继……之后的；随后的）
significantly adv [学术词] 明显的（significant + -ly；significant adj [课标新增词] [学术词] 显著的）
Hedy Lamarr would often lament (对……表示失望) that her beauty – as much as it drove her Hollywood career – was also her curse (诅咒). For most of her life, she was rarely considered for anything other than her image.
海蒂·拉玛经常抱怨自己的美貌——尽管美貌是开启好莱坞事业的利器——是她的诅咒。因为在她一生的大多数时间里，几乎没有人会去理会在她美貌之外的东西。
unappreciated adj [学术词] 无人赏识的；不被欣赏的（un- + appreciate [学术词] 欣赏；赏识 + -ed）
An unappreciated genius
一个不受赏识的天才
other than 除……外
much as 尽管；虽然
drive v 驱动
Indeed, Hedy Lamarr’s inventions didn’t become more widely known until the late 1990s, shortly before her death in January 2000. And they were revealed in more detail when her obituaries (讣告) were published later that same year.
事实上，海蒂·拉玛的发明直到20世纪90年代末才广为人知，彼时她已于2000年1月去世。同年再晚些时候，海蒂·拉玛的讣告发表，她的发明这才真正走到了阳光下。
reveal v [课标新增词] [学术词] 揭露；透露
detail n [课标新增词] 详情
Hedy LaMarr never received any money for her invention.
终其一生，海蒂·拉玛也从未通过自己的发明获得一分钱。
词汇小测：中英互译
put __________________
roll __________________
set __________________
jam __________________
leading __________________
innovation __________________
inspirational __________________
说；表达
启动；转动
摄影棚；拍摄现场
干扰
创新；革新
领先的
鼓舞人心的
foundation __________________
frequency __________________
develop __________________
opposite _____________________________
subsequent _____________________________
基础
频率
开发；研制
与……合演；与……联袂演出
继……之后的；随后的
词汇小测：中英互译
__________________ 详情
__________________ 提供；配备
__________________ 寻找
__________________ 发现；侦查出
__________________ 揭露；透露
__________________ 欣赏；赏识
detail
arm
seek
appreciate
reveal
detect
__________________ 显著的
__________________ 热爱；激情
__________________ 引起某人的注意
__________________ 在……方面来讲；就……而言
__________________ 除……之外
significant
passion
catch the eye of sb / catch sb’s eye
other than
in terms of
姓氏文化学习
Do you know how your last name came to be Like your ancestors, the surname (姓) you bear today has come a long way from its Chinese origins.
你知道你的姓是怎么来的吗？其实，与祖先一样，你的姓氏自诞生之日起，已经走过了漫长的一段历史。
ancestor n 祖先；祖宗（an- 在前面 + cest- 走 + -or）
bear v [同形异义词] 具有；拥有
come a long way 有了很大的进步；变得非常成功
百科知识
中国人姓在前，名在后。古人注重家族观念，认为姓氏能够代表人的家族关系，名只是一个绰号。在公共场合，人们多用姓氏来称呼别人。但随着同一家族人变多，为了方便区分，名的使用频率越来越高。
中西方姓氏文化
西方国家则相反，名在前，姓在后。西方人起初只有名字和绰号，没有姓氏。随着人口越来越多，出现了好多人用同一个名字的情况。所以为了方便区分，西方人开始使用姓氏，比如部分贵族把封地的地名作为自己的姓，普通民众把职业或者长相特征作为自己的姓等。
Once you identify your Chinese surname, congratulations! You have the first key to unlock your Chinese genealogy (家谱) – and now, the adventure can truly begin. Without further ado, here are five ways that your Chinese last name can offer surprising clues about your family history.
一旦你确定了姓氏，恭喜你！你就有了打开自家家谱的第一把钥匙——现在，让我们一起畅游历史吧。闲话少说，五种方法可以让你从姓氏中找到关于家族历史的线索。
identify v [课标新增词] [学术词] 确认
congratulation n 祝贺（congratulate + -ion）（Congratulations！加s强调说话者感情的真挚与浓烈。）
unlock v 揭示；揭开（un- + lock [名词动化]）
without further ado 言归正传；闲话少说（ado是at do的缩略语，字面义“做”）
It all begins with the Yellow Emperor, the “founding father” of all Chinese. According to legend (传说), he decreed (颁布) that families should adopt hereditary (世袭的) surnames as early as 2700 BC.
一切都源于华夏之祖——黄帝。传说早在公元前2700年，黄帝下令采用姓氏世袭制。
founding father 开创者；元勋（found v [学术词] 创建；建立）
adopt v 采用（ad- + opt 选择）
1. Your surname may be over 4,000 years old
1、你的姓氏可能已有4000年之久
These surnames were eventually listed in the poem “Baijiaxing” (Hundred Family Surnames), giving rise to the Chinese expression for everyday people, laobaixing. Of the 12,000 surnames recorded throughout Chinese history, yours is among the 25% still in use today.
最终这些姓氏被列入“百家姓”，“老百姓”就是这么来的。有史记载的12000个姓氏中，目前仍在使用的有四分之一，而你的姓氏也在其中。
give rise to [正式用语] 引起；使发生
record v 记录；记载（re- 再一次 + cord 心〔比喻记忆的位置，比如learn by heart〕）
中国古代部落联盟首领，五帝之首，被尊祀为“人文初祖”。黄帝在位期间，播百谷草木，大力发展生产，始制衣冠、建舟车、制音律、作《黄帝内经》等。史载因其有土德之瑞，土为黄色，故号黄帝。
黄帝
百科知识
Your Chinese surname has a unique meaning, historical significance, and backstory – all tied to the origin story of your Chinese clan (氏族；家族).
你的姓氏有着独特的含义、历史意义和背景故事——这些都与家族起源有关。
2. Your surname has its own origin story.
2、姓氏的起源故事
Like Huang , Wu , or Zheng, your surname might refer to an ancient kingdom
or territory that your ancestors called home. Or perhaps it honors the role they played in shaping Chinese society, as is the case of Wang, meaning “king,” or Situ, meaning “treasurer”. Once you know its Chinese character, your surname lets you discover which clan you descend from (是……的后裔) and what your ancestors were proud of.
像黄、吴或郑一样，你的姓氏可能是上古国族或领土，那是被祖先称之为家的地方。或者，它也可能是为了表彰你的祖先在推动社会发展中所发挥的作用，比如王，即“国王”，司徒，即“财务管理者”。
territory n [课标新增词] 领土；领地
honor v [正式用语] 给予……荣誉
shape v 使成形；影响（事物的发展）
character n [熟词生义] 符号；文字
If you discover that you have a fairly common Chinese surname, you may be in luck. Traditionally, many overseas Chinese come from southern China, where residents of most villages today still share the same surname. Why is this the case, and how can it help your roots search
如果你发现你的姓氏在中国很常见，你可能很幸运。一直以来，许多华侨都来自中国南方，而直到现在在大多数中国南方的村民仍然使用同一个姓氏。为什么会这样，它如何帮助你寻根？
resident n [课标新增词] [学术词] 居民
3. You likely share your surname with an entire village
3、你可能和整个村庄的人同姓
Across Chinese history, villages typically began with one family settling down in a new area. Sometimes to flee (逃离) social unrest; sometimes because their original village had expanded, and 20 miles down, there was more land available for cultivation (耕作). The family would grow into a sub-clan, then the sub-clan would grow into a village, where just about everyone bears the same surname.
纵观中国历史，村庄通常始于某个家庭迁移定居到一个新的地方。有时移居的原因是为了躲避社会动荡；有时是原村庄向外扩张，比如向20英里外开垦土地。这时，这个家庭就会发展成一个小家族，然后小家族再发展成一个村庄，这样村里几乎每个人就变成了同一个姓氏。
settle down 安顿下来；安定下来
unrest n（社会的）动荡（un- + rest 休息）
expand v [学术词] 扩展；扩大
grow into 变成；发展成
90% of Americans share 70,000 surnames. In contrast, almost twice as many Chinese share only ten surnames. The three most common surnames in mainland China (Li, Wang, Zhang) make up around 22% of the entire population: 312 million people – with over twice as many Lis as people in California!
90%的美国人共有70000个姓氏。相比之下，中国仅10个姓氏的人数就差不多是他们的两倍。中国大陆最常见的三个姓氏（李、王、张）约占总人口的22%，即3.12亿人——李姓人口是加利福尼亚州总人口的两倍多！
in contrast 与之对比；相反（contrast n [课标新增词] [学术词] 差异；对比）
4. You could be part of a 100 million-strong family.
4、你或许是1亿大家庭的一员
make up 组成；构成
If you are into family reunions (团聚), associations like the World Li Clan Association organize (组织) a global reunion every year, drawing thousands of Lis around the world to return and reconnect with their shared heritage (遗产) together.
如果你喜欢家族聚会，那么可以了解下相关的协会，像世界支氏宗亲联谊总会等机构每年会组织一次全球团聚，吸引来自世界各地传承祖先遗产的李姓人聚到一起 。
be into sth [非正式用语] 对……十分感兴趣；很喜欢
association n 协会（associate + -ion）
draw v [熟词生义] 吸引
For centuries, the Chinese empire (帝国) was a veritable (名副其实的；十足的) melting pot of trade, intermarriage, and cultural exchange with foreigners from all over. To integrate into society (and at times avoid persecution), foreigners adopted Chinese surnames.
几个世纪以来，中华帝国与世界各地贸易往来、通婚、交流文化，是一个名副其实的大熔炉。许多外国人为了融入社会，（有时为了逃难），就换了中国姓氏。
exchange n 交流（ex- + change）
5. Many foreign surnames are actually Chinese
5、很多外国姓氏其实是中文
integrate v [课标新增词] [学术词] 融入
People of Persian, Sogdian, Turkic and Indian origin took on the surname Hu, while Jin and Man were adopted by the Eastern-Siberian Jurchen and Manchu, respectively.
（生活在古代中国的）波斯人、粟特人、突厥人和印度人将“胡”作为姓氏，来自东西伯利亚的女真人和满族人的姓氏分别为“金”和“满”。
origin n 出身；血统
take on 呈现；具有
respectively adv 各自地（respective adj [课标新增词] 各自的 + -ly）
Neighboring states followed suit to curry favor with (奉承；讨好) China, especially during the Tang dynasty. The Vietnamese name Tr n, Korean name Jin, and Japanese surname Chin all stem from (起源于) the same Chinese root, Chen.
邻国纷纷效仿此举以讨好中国，在唐朝尤为突出。越南名Tr n、韩国名Jin和日本姓氏Chin都源于同一个中国根——陈。
neighbor v [名词动化] 同……邻接（或邻近）
follow suit 照着做；跟着做
The influence is even more subtle (微妙的) in countries with long histories of Chinese immigration (移民). If you are part of the Thai diaspora (移居), Chen has blended (融合) with the native language to become Sae-Tang, Sae-Tan, or Sae-Chin. If you are in Indonesia, Chen has become Tandiono, Tanzil, Tanasal, Tanadi, Tanusudibyo, Tanamal, Tanizal, and Tantomo – just to name a few!
在中国移民历史悠久的国家，这种影响甚至更加微妙。如果你是位泰国侨民，陈姓已经融入了泰国母语，成为Sae-Tang、Sae-Tan或Sae-Chin。如果你在印度尼西亚，陈已经成为Tandiono、Tanzil、Tanasal、Tanadi、Tanusudibyo、Tanamal、Tanizal和Tantomo——而这只是其中几例！
There’s more to a surname than meets the eye. What’s the story behind your last name
姓氏远比我们所见的更富有深意。你的姓氏背后又是什么故事呢？
meet the eye（某物）呈现在眼前；显而易见
词汇小测：中英互译
unrest __________________
bear __________________
neighbor __________________
draw __________________
found __________________
adopt __________________
resident __________________
动荡
具有；拥有
同……邻接 / 邻近
吸引
采用
创建；建立
居民
territory __________________
respective __________________
character __________________
origin __________________
integrate __________________
give rise to __________________
come a long way _________________________________
领土；领地
各自的
符号；文字
出身；血统
引起；使发生
融入
有了很大的进步；变得非常成功
词汇小测：中英互译
__________________ 确认
__________________ 使成形；影响（事物的发展）
__________________ 揭示；揭开
__________________ 给予……荣耀
__________________ 与之对比；相反
__________________ 组成；构成
__________________ 安顿下来；安定下来
__________________ 变成；发展成
__________________ 呈现在眼前；显而易见
grow into
identify
shape
unlock
settle down
make up
in contrast
hono(u)r
meet the eye