北京中考英语阅读理解专项训练（含答案）

阅读理解
Perfectly Imperfect
The artist Leonardo da Vinci, perhaps best known for painting the Mona Lisa, produced a drawing called the Vitruvian Man. In it, da Vinci showed his idea of the perfectly sized male body. But is this really what a perfect body looks like
An imperfect man
Consider Michael Phelps.The winningest swimmer of all time, Phelps earned 28 Olympic medals. His body does not look like the Vitruvian Man. In fact, Phelps’ body is quite unusual. The best swimmers tend to have long torsos （躯干） and short legs. Phelps is 6 feet 4 inches tall, but his torso is as long as what you would expect to see in a man who is 6 feet 8 inches tall. His legs are the length typical of a man who is 5 feet 10 inches. Phelps has long arms too. Like the Vitruvian Man, most people have a wingspan roughly the same as their height. Phelps’ wingspan is 6 feet 7 inches, three inches longer than his height.
His ankles are extremely flexible and his feet are big. So Phelps’ legs act like flippers（脚蹼）when he swims.
No one could argue that Phelps has a perfect body in da Vinci’s sense. But is it correct to say it is imperfect What does “perfection” mean when we are talking about human biology Does it even exist
What is physical perfection
Maybe perfection has more to do with how a body works than how it looks. How we work actually depends upon how well we fit into our environment.
Here’s an example from the animal kingdom. Imagine brown rabbits and white rabbits in a snowy field. Under these conditions, predators （捕食者） are less likely to see and catch the white rabbits. In a summertime field—all brown soil and green and golden plants—white rabbits are more visible （可见的） and easier to catch. Neither white nor brown fur is perfect for rabbit survival. Rabbits need different bodies for different seasons. And in fact, in some types of rabbits, fur color changes with the seasons. Like rabbits, all living things adapt to their environments. They need some changes to help thrive （茁壮成长） in their specific environments. But evolution （演变） isn’t engineering. Often, imperfections that don’t affect survival too badly get passed down through the generations.
Variation （变化） as a way to success.
Michael Phelps’ body is not perfectly symmetrical （对称的）or balanced. His physical variations, however, may have given him the advantages to be a close-to-perfect swimmer. Phelps’ case is not the only one; top athletes show great variability that provides them with the physical characteristics to approach perfection in action. Usain Bolt, an Olympic sprinter （短跑运动员）, has legs so long that it takes him four to five fewer steps to complete a 100-meter race than his competitors.
Simone Biles, another Olympic gold medalist, is both strong and small. It is perfect for her sport of gymnastics.She may also have a better-than-average ability to sense where her body is in space, perhaps making jumps easier than it would be for an average person. No athlete is born with the skills to win gold medals, though. Those achievements require years of effort.
Using variation to your advantage
Da Vinci’s drawing of the Vitruvian Man put maths and art together. To da Vinci, the Vitruvian Man showed perfect proportions （比例）. It was his image of the perfectly formed man. Da Vinci is a time-honored artist, but is there really such a thing as a perfect body
No.
In biology, there is no such thing as one perfect body. In fact, variation in all living things, including us, is the rule. This variation is important for our life. Human variation has allowed us to live in wildly different environments—the tropics, deserts, and the Arctic—and to develop many different physical, mental, and emotional talents. Not only is there no perfect human body, but also our species thrives because we are different from one another, each of us suited to our own way of living.
1．In the first paragraph, the Vitruvian Man is mentioned to ________.
A．introduce the topic of a perfect body
B．explain the value of a famous drawing
C．explore how to draw a picture like this
D．discuss whether the man drawn in it is perfect
2．Why does the author use Michael Phelps as an example
A．To explain what makes a perfect swimmer.
B．To describe the rules in the swimming world.
C．To introduce a perfect body in da Vinci’s sense.
D．To compare it with the perfection that was shown in the drawing by da Vinci.
3．What can we learn from the rabbit example in Paragraph 6
A．Physical imperfections influence the process of evolution.
B．Rabbits learn to change their fur color to avoid predators.
C．Evolution only chooses for physical perfections in living things.
D．Physical perfection in one situation can be imperfect in another.
4．Paragraphs 7 & 8 mainly talk about ________.
A．born talents of several famous athletes
B．applications of physical variations in the athletic field
C．physical differences between male and female athletes
D．the importance of physical variations to athletic success
5．The purpose of the article is to ________.
A．explain the influence of da Vinci
B．argue that there is no perfect physical form
C．discuss whether some athletes are physically perfect
D．teach readers how to tell physical perfection from imperfection
A Pathway (路径) to Meaning in Life
When it comes to a meaningful life, we might think of love, happiness and health. A life filled with meaning is what most of us want for ourselves. Then, what makes a meaningful life
Many researchers agree that a meaningful life comes down to three factors (因素): having long-term goals, believing that one’s life matters, and feeling that one’s life fits together and “makes sense”.
But we believe there is more to consider. Sometimes life enables us to experience small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating (欣赏) such experiences, these moments may improve how they see their own life. We call this experiential appreciation (EA). EA is about the person feeling connected to events and being able to appreciate the value within the connection. It shows the discovery of and admiration for life’s beauty.
We recently set out to better understand EA in studies. We were interested in whether EA was also tied to general judgment of meaning in life. If so, it could be a factor for meaningfulness.
In the first study, we had people rate (评估) their support for different methods of reducing stress. We found that people who managed stress by focusing on their appreciation for life’s beauty also reported experiencing life as highly meaningful.
In the next study, we asked people to rate the degree to which they agreed with various statements, such as “I appreciate the beauty of life” and “I appreciate little things in life,” as well as other statements that related to the three factors and a general sense of meaning in life. Our results showed that the more people reported that they were “appreciating life” and its many experiences, the more they felt their life was valuable.
In the following studies, we further looked at the connection between EA and meaningfulness. For example, we found that people who were asked to look back on the most meaningful event of the past week generally reported high EA in those moments.
All the results proved our theory (假设) true. But putting it into practice can be difficult. Our fast-paced lifestyles fill the day with goals. We try to get the highest output both at work and in spare time. This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now. We should slow down and let life surprise us.
6．You were most probably in the EA condition when _________.
A．you made a travel plan for the coming holiday
B．you hurried to serve the customers in the store
C．you practiced hard to become the best violinist
D．you stopped to admire the roses by the roadside
7．What can we learn from the studies mentioned in the passage
A．Thinking back to the past weakens our sense of meaning.
B．Enjoying small things can influence our attitude toward life.
C．Proper stress management is the key to living a satisfying life.
D．Good judgment on beauty improves connections among people.
8．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us
A．It is easier for results-driven people to achieve success.
B．We often turn a blind eye to the present moment.
C．A fast-paced lifestyle helps us reach our goals.
D．Future life will bring us many more surprises.
9．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A．To explain how to discover beauty in life.
B．To discuss what the true meaning of life is.
C．To introduce a new factor for a meaningful life.
D．To compare different factors for meaningfulness.
Visit a middle or large size of company these days, and you’re likely to find the staff (全体职工) members sharing a large, open space. Instead of having personal offices with doors and walls, most workers sit in cubicles that are half open. Whenever workers talk on the phone, other members of staff nearby can’t simply shut their doors. In fact, sometimes they can’t help but overhear everything that’s said. At times, the best way to focus in this type of office is to reach for one’s headphones and listen to music.
The open office idea is not new. It was created by a team of consultants (顾问) from Hamburg, Germany, in the 1950s. Called the office landscape (景观) plan, the idea was created to improve communication and the exchange of ideas. The design also encouraged managers and their teams to work near each other, making it easier for managers to guide projects. Now, the open office idea is often used as an excuse for companies to save money on building costs, paying no attention to the effect on working performance.
Many start-ups have a great interest in the open office idea. Take Chartbeat for example, the company’s 50-plus staff members get to choose their desk and chair styles, and everyone shares an open space with the CEO sitting in the middle. The office space has both single workstations and informal meeting areas where workers can relax themselves on sofas. While this design may be perfect for workers in start-ups, it may not be convenient for workers who have a great need of personal space.
In 2011 Matthew Davis, an organizational psychologist (心理学家), checked over a hundred studies about office environments. He found that, to staff in open offices, it was harder to stay focused and more likely to get higher stress than those working in traditional offices. What’s worse, a study in Denmark found that workers in open offices took more sick days than those working in traditional offices.
Even though open office plans present hidden problems on worker health and personal needs, businesses probably won’t return to traditional offices. Modern office workers tend (倾向) to need both time to focus and time to work together with others. So designing offices that account for both needs may be the best way forward.
10．What is mainly discussed about the open office in paragraph 1
A．The benefit. B．The problem. C．The history. D．The management.
11．What was the purpose of the office landscape plan at the beginning
A．To save space. B．To reduce cost.
C．To improve working conditions. D．To encourage communication.
12．What does the underlined phrase “account for” in the last paragraph probably mean
A．Include. B．Record. C．Forget. D．Translate.
13．What can we learn from the passage
A．Working in open offices can reduce higher stress.
B．The writer suggests working in traditional offices.
C．Staff members like wearing headphones to listen to music in the open offices.
D．The open offices are good for managers to guide projects and work with the staff.
It was a cold, rainy day. My mother and I drove to the mountains. It was dangerous to make the two-hour journey along the highway in such weather. I didn’t want to take the risk. But my mother suggested that we go to see something at the top of the mountain.
After ten minutes’ driving, we stopped the car and got out. Walking along a path, we turned at a corner. Gradually, the peace and silence of the place began to fill my mind. From the top of the mountain, I saw several fields full of flowers, shining like a carpet before us. It looked as if the sun spilled (播洒) gold down the mountain.
A lot of questions came to my mind. Who created such beauty Why How
As we moved on, we saw a sign that read, “Answers to the Questions I Know You Are Asking.”
The first answer was, “One Woman-Two Hands, Two Feet, and Very Little Brain.” The second was, “One at a Time. ” The third, “Started in 1971.”
On our way home, I was so shocked by what we had seen. “She changed the world. One bulb (一株) at a time. She started almost 50 years ago. It was probably just the beginning of an idea, but she kept at it.” I said, “Imagine, if I had a dream and worked at it, just a little bit every day, what might I have achieved ”
My mother looked at me, smiling. “Start tomorrow.” She said, “Better yet, start today.”
14．The writer didn’t want to go to the mountains because ________.
A．she was tired of driving B．their car was running out of gas
C．it was getting dark D．it was not safe to drive in such weather
15．The underlined word “path” shares a similar meaning with ________.
A．beach B．road C．bank D．village
16．The passage mainly tells us that ________.
A．beauty always lies on the top of the mountain B．even common people have great wisdom
C．sticking to a dream will bring a big change D．we should enjoy every moment in life
Would you BET on the future of this man He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines to write a book.
The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes (塞万提斯), and the book was Don Quixote (《堂吉诃德》). And the story brings an interesting question: why do some people find new energy and creativity to the end of their days, but others go to seed long before
We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark. I’m not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can’t all get there. I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have taken in the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
Most of us, in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are everywhere.
The things we learn in maturity (成熟) seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we can’t change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
With high motivation and enthusiasm, we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos (自我) , whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept.
Many of us regard “commitment” with such “caring” jobs as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence whether they are driving a truck or running a store make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. They’ve learned life’s most valuable lesson.
17．The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that ________.
A．age isn’t a block to achieving one’s goal B．loss of freedom brings out one’s creativity
C．misfortune inspires a man to fight against his fate D．disability cannot stop a man fighting for success
18．What does the underlined part “run out of steam” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．end one’s struggle for freedom B．lose the interest in continuing learning
C．waste one’s energy taking risks D．miss the opportunity to succeed
19．What does the author want to tell us in Paragraph 5
A．A strong-willed man can bear suffering. B．A wise man can live without self-pity.
C．A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life. D．A man should try to satisfy people around him.
20．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage
A．To suggest a way of going after excellence in our lifelong career. B．To state the importance of having desire for learning.
C．To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work. D．To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.
For as long as we can remember, one of the most popular ways parents use to punish their children has been the “time out”.
It seems that it is a good idea: the child sits on his own to reflect on what he has done. Then, when the time is up, he will apologize and learn from the mistake.
However, just because it’s something that’s been done for years, that doesn’t mean it is the right thing to do. In fact, very often, children don’t sit nicely and think about what they’ve done. Instead, they need to be told a few (or many) times to go back to their places and stay quiet. They’re not reflecting on why they are in the “time out” at all. More likely than not, they’re probably just really angry, and so are the parents. In the end, both the parents and the children make each other unhappy, or even angry.
What can parents do to change this situation You may have already heard of things like peaceful parenting and gentle parenting. These focus on the relationship between parent and child through building trust and love. So, instead of starting a “time out”, try something called “time in”. A “time in” needs both parent and child to stay close until both get calm. After that, the parent and child can discuss what happened and solve the problem together. If the child can make changes, everyone can then move on.
As we all know, punishment and violence seldom work and will never teach the children what the right way to act is. A “time in” can be the great time for the children to learn through mistakes. Kids learn how to build their emotional and social skills through difficult situations. So, instead of punishing them for acting their age, we can use chances to teach and guide them to a place of learning.
A “time in” may take more time, but it does work.
21．During a “time out”, a child is told to ________.
A．stay outside B．sit alone and reflect
C．make a promise D．return to school
22．In the writer’s opinion, a “time out” ________.
A．doesn’t always work B．is becoming more popular
C．should be parents’ first choice D．takes too much time
23．When a child has done something wrong, the writer suggests that ________.
A．both teachers and parents discuss how to solve the problem B．the child stays at home and reflects until he never makes mistakes
C．the child says sorry to his or her parents and learns from mistakes D．parents try something called “time in”instead of “time out”
24．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A．“Time out” or “time in” B．Learn from mistakes!
C．Why not “time in” D．No violence at home!
It is the season for taking the time to reflect on what we’re thankful for in life. Spending that time with friends and family to give thanks is what makes the holidays so special. But why should we limit it to just a few weeks in the year Gratitude (感恩) is a muscle we should strengthen year-round to make us healthier, happier humans and leaders.
Gratitude builds empathy. We often take for granted the simple things in life. Those who recognize the goodness in life, no matter how simple or automatic, are more likely to be sensitive to the needs of others and to help whenever they can. Being empathetic to others’ opinions, experiences and backgrounds will make you a better professional, no matter your career.
Through his research, Emmons, a leading researcher, found that grateful people reported feeling healthier, both mentally and physically. Specifically, those who were grateful were 25 percent happier than those who weren’t. In the workplace, well-being is a very important topic when it comes to preventing employee burn-out and encouraging engagement. Beyond the research that shows that employees who are shown that they are appreciated are more productive by 50 percent, caring for your employees’ well-being is simply the right thing to do. Offering fitness classes or carrying out flexible work schedules are just a few things that, when paired with gratitude, can lead to more productive, engaged and happier working professionals.
Working in a developing, fast-paced industry, we are often surrounded by ambitious people who are always striving (奋斗) for more and better. Gratitude makes us more self-aware. It challenges us to reflect in the moment instead of always thinking about the future. It starts by paying attention to what’s going on in our life, and that true self-awareness is a key factor to being successful in our career.
Gratitude is a powerful tool for making relationships stronger, both at work and in our personal life. People who express their gratitude tend to be more willing to forgive others and therefore able to create relatively long-lasting connections.
During my month-long vacation, I made it a point to be reflective during the time I had without disturbances or deadlines. Part of that was making a mental list of the people, things and experiences I was grateful for in my life. I decided to reach out to my fifth-grade teacher and thank her for being a positive instructor and a strong influence on my life.
The old saying goes “It’s never too late to say you’re sorry,” but the same is true of gratitude. Taking the time to thank people for their work, kindness or empathy-whether it was today, last month or many years ago-makes you happier, healthier and more self-aware. And that’s a gift worth celebrating 365 days a year.
25．What can be inferred from the passage
A．Wise employers should raise the employees’ sense of well-being. B．Grateful people will live a much longer life than ungrateful people.
C．People who have self-awareness can succeed without effort. D．Gratitude can ensure the relationship between people is unbreakable.
26．Why does the author mention his own experience in Paragraph 6
A．To encourage people to contact with teachers. B．To show it’s never too late to express gratitude.
C．To order people to keep loug-lasting connection. D．To present that his teacher greatly influenced him.
27．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．The Way to Show Thanks B．The Season for Gratitude C．Being Grateful Year-Round D．The Special Holiday of Gratitude
Some high school students think it useless to receive higher education. Therefore, they choose not to go to college. If you’re one of them, think again. Here are some reasons why you should go to college and receive a good education there.
Schools and universities are the first places to get knowledge. We take that knowledge later on to build our careers after graduation. More knowledge will be gained (获得) after you start working, but without education, that job will not be within easy reach. Knowledge leads to knowledge.
While limited within the walls of the educational places, we openly explore other cultures of the world! We come to know that ours is not the only culture. Other cultures have valuable things to share, enriching our own. Education also makes us want to travel and exchange with various cultures, getting more experience.
When there’s a recession in the economy (经济), those who attended college will be more likely to find a new job than those who only finished high school and have a limited skills set. The more education you have, the more chances you will get to improve the quality of your life as you have a better job and earn a higher salary.
When you’re skillful and knowledgeable, you gain access (通道) to people of similar backgrounds and tastes. It means a good education leads to excellent networking. Good networking can benefit you a lot in your later life.
A good education makes you a more interesting person. You can talk about ideas and events instead of just other people and what’s on sale in stores. An educated person doesn’t gossip (说闲话), having a preference to discuss ideas and listen to what other people have to say.
28．What can we learn about college education from Paragraph 2
A．It offers you a chance to study abroad.
B．It can allow you to gain more knowledge.
C．It can improve the quality of your daily life.
D．It encourages you to travel around the world.
29．What does the underlined word “recession” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．change. B．drop. C．growth. D．support.
30．How can one benefit from a good education
A．You can gossip about others’ affairs. B．You are likely to study well at school.
C．You can work well with your coworkers. D．You can get to know excellent people.
31．What is the main idea of the passage
A．The benefits of attending college. B．The exchange with other cultures.
C．The access to good networking. D．The ways of college education.
Background knowledge is the knowledge a person has about the world when he or she starts to read a text. It is agreed that background knowledge plays an important role in reading. Put simply, the more you know about a topic, the easier it is for you to read a text, understand it, and remember the information.
To understand this, here are two points. First, background knowledge enables readers to choose between different meanings of words. For example, if you read the word “operation” in a sports article, you might think about a sportsperson with a serious injury（伤）. But if you read the word in a math text, you’d think about a mathematical process. Second, understanding a text requires readers to fill missing information and make inferences. To do this, readers need to have some basic knowledge about the topic.
Students get background knowledge both through personal experiences and by learning in the classroom. Then how can teachers help students build background knowledge Here are some suggestions.
Begin by teaching words in categories（类别）. For example, teachers can try something as simple as this: “Apples, bananas, strawberries, mangoes. They are a type of...（fruit）. Categories of objects and the use of generic nouns（统称）can help students increase vocabulary and develop concepts（概念）.
________. Reading builds knowledge, but wide reading has usually been taken as reading about a lot of different topics. Teachers can try a different way: encourage children to find an interest and read as many books as they can on one topic. This will help them develop a deeper knowledge on a topic.
Use multimedia（多媒体）. Direct experiences are the most effective ways to build knowledge. There is nothing more exciting for students than learning through direct experiences, such as field trips and other activities. Although multimedia cannot replace real-life experiences, it can often provide a lot of information that we could only wish to experience firsthand. It can also introduce children to important words and concepts.
Background knowledge is important in a student’s ability to fully understand a text. Teachers’ efforts can help students become stronger thinkers and life-long readers and learners.
32．The writer talks about the word “operation” in Paragraph 2 to explain________.
A．what background knowledge is
B．why background knowledge is important
C．when people need background knowledge
D．how people develop background knowledge
33．Which of the following would be the best topic sentence for Paragraph 5
A．Make wide reading interesting.
B．Introduce different topics to students.
C．Encourage topic-centered wide reading.
D．Help students find their favourite books.
34．What can we learn from the passage
A．Vocabulary is the greatest difficulty in understanding a text.
B．Making inferences has little connection with background knowledge.
C．Multimedia is more useful than direct experiences in building knowledge.
D．Developing vocabulary and concepts can help build background knowledge.
Fourteen-year-old Akram used to spend a boring hour waiting at a bus stop after school each day. Teachers were preparing for the next day in the classrooms, but students weren’t allowed in. Akram thought it was such a waste of time although he could play on his phone, so he decided to change things. He wanted to stay at school and do his favorite hobby—art.
One day, he asked the head teacher if students could do something in the school after classes. “If you find out what is needed, I will help you,” the head teacher set him a challenge.
Over the next week, Akram talked to all the students who waited after school and other students, too. He asked them what they would like to do in that hour. Many students said they wanted after-school clubs for things like chess, basketball, art and reading.
When Akram arrived at the head teacher’s office, there was another student, Holly, waiting there. The head teacher told them that they both had the same idea, so she wanted them to work together. She gave them some problems to solve.
“You need to find the people who will be responsible for the clubs and who will pay for any equipment（设备）,” said the head teacher. “Also, you need to talk to the cleaning team to make sure that they can clean up after you leave.”
Akram and Holly talked about their idea and problems at the next Parents’ Association meeting. They also did the same thing to their teachers and the cleaning team.
Several days later, a teacher told them that he could organize trainee（实习生）teachers to be responsible for the clubs. The Parents’ Association decided to raise money to pay for equipment like chess boards and baskets. The cleaners agreed that they could clean the classrooms after the hour was finished.
Now the school has some exciting after-school clubs. Akram and Holly enjoyed the experience very much.
35．What did Akram want to do after school
A．Play on his phone. B．Go home and do his homework.
C．Do his hobby at school. D．Help his teachers do something.
36．Who are responsible for the clubs
A．Some students. B．Some parents.
C．Some trainee teachers. D．Some cleaners.
37．Akram and Holly enjoyed the experience because ________.
A．their parents and teachers praised them
B．the other students were thankful to them
C．they could talk to the head teacher directly
D．they solved some problems through their efforts
参考答案：
1．A
2．D
3．D
4．D
5．B
【导语】本文主要通过达芬奇的一幅画，引发了作者对完美身材的争论。作者认为在生物学中，没有一个完美的身体。
1．细节理解题。根据“In it, da Vinci showed his idea of the perfectly sized male body.”在这幅画里， 达芬奇展示了他对完美男性身材的看法。可知是为了介绍完美身材的主题，故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据“His body does not look like the Vitruvian Man. In fact, Phelps’ body is quite unusual.”他的身体看起来不像Vitruvian Man。事实上，Phelps的身体很不寻常。可知是为了将其与达芬奇绘画中所表现的完美相比较，故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据“And in fact, in some types of rabbits, fur color changes with the seasons.Like rabbits, all living things adapt to their environments”事实上，在某些种类的兔子身上，皮毛的颜色会随着季节的变化而变化。像兔子一样，所有生物都适应环境。可知在一种情况下身体上的完美，可能在另一种情况下就是不完美的，故选D。
4．段落大意题。根据“Variation （变化） as a way to success.”作为成功之道的变化。可知这两段主要讲了身体变化对运动成功的重要性，故选D。
5．推理判断题。根据“In biology, there is no such thing as one perfect body.”在生物学中，没有一个完美的身体。可知这篇文章的目的是为了说明没有完美的身体形态，故选B。
6．D
7．B
8．B
9．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，讨论是什么让生活变得有意义。
6．推理判断题。根据“When people are open to appreciating (欣赏) such experiences, these moments may improve how they see their own life. We call this experiential appreciation (EA).”可知，当人们乐于欣赏这样的经历时，这些时刻可能会改善他们对自己生活的看法，我们称之为体验欣赏。选项D“你停下来欣赏路边的玫瑰”符合，故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据“Sometimes life enables us to experience small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating (欣赏) such experiences, these moments may improve how they see their own life.”可知，生活让我们体验到美丽的小瞬间，当人们乐于欣赏这样的经历时，这些时刻可能会改善他们对自己生活的看法。故选B。
8．段落大意题。根据“This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now. ”可知，我们经常忽略当下正在发生的一切。故选B。
9．主旨大意题。根据第三段“But we believe there is more to consider.”本文主要讨论有意义的生活的一个新的要素，故选C。
10．B
11．D
12．A
13．D
【导语】本文主要讨论了在开放的办公环境下工作的利与弊。
10．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Visit a middle or large size of company these days, and you’re likely to find the staff (全体职工) members sharing a large, open space. Instead of having personal offices with doors and walls, most workers sit in cubicles that are half open. Whenever workers talk on the phone, other members of staff nearby can’t simply shut their doors. In fact, sometimes they can’t help but overhear everything that’s said.（如今，访问一家大中型公司，你很有可能会发现员工共享一个大的、开放空间。大多数员工坐在半开着的小隔间里，而不是有门和墙的私人办公室。每当员工打电话时，附近的其他员工不能简单地关门。事实上，有时他们会情不自禁地听到他们所说的一切）”可知，第一段主要讲述了开放工作环境的问题。故选B。
11．细节理解题。根据“Called the office landscape plan, the idea was created to improve communication and the exchange of ideas.”可知办公室景观计划的初衷是促进人们的交流和交换想法。故选D。
12．词义猜测题。根据“ Modern office workers tend to need both time to focus and time to work together with others. So designing offices that account for both needs may be the best way forward.”可知现代办公室工人更倾向于需要既能集中注意力，又能有时间和别人一起工作，所以推测设计办公室最好的方法是包含两种需要。故“account for”在此表示“包含，包括”，故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据“ The design also encouraged managers and their teams to work near each other, making it easier for managers to guide projects.”可知开放式办公室鼓励经理和他们的团队工作在一起，便于经营者指导项目。故选D。
14．D
15．B
16．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了作者和母亲在一个下雨天去山顶上看风景，在到达山顶后，被眼前的美景所折服，由一个标牌而引发了作者的感慨，那就是坚持一个梦想会带来巨大的改变。
14．细节理解题。根据第一段中“It was dangerous to make the two-hour journey along the highway in such weather”可知，因为作者认为在这样糟糕的天气里驾驶是很危险的，故选D。
15．词义猜测题。根据“Walking along a path, we turned at a corner”可知，作者和母亲一直沿着小路走，然后在一个地方拐弯，所以path与road同义，故选B。
16．主旨大意题。根据“Imagine, if I had a dream and worked at it, just a little bit every day, what might I have achieved”及全文的描述可知，作者想通过自己所看到的告诉读者坚持一个梦想会带来巨大的改变，故选C。
17．A
18．B
19．C
20．D
【导语】本文从西班牙文学巨匠塞万提斯讲起，告诉我们不论身处哪个年龄阶段，只要有目标，并且愿意学习，我们就可能取得成功。
17．推理判断题。根据“and the book was Don Quixote (《堂吉诃德》). And the story brings an interesting question: why do some people find new energy and creativity to the end of their days, but others go to seed long before ”可知，这个故事表明塞万提斯年龄这么大了，还是有这样的成就，说明年龄不是实现目标的障碍。故选A。
18．词句猜测题。根据“I’m not talking about those who fail to get to the top.”以及“I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing”可知，划线词所说的人是“采取了多年来经常出现的固定态度和观点而停止学习成长的人”，所以指的是“停止学习的人”，和B选项“失去继续学习的兴趣”表述一致。故选B。
19．推理判断题。根据“The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we can’t change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.”（我们成熟之后学会忍受自己改变不了的事，学会避免自我哀怜。无论我们多么努力地取悦别人，有些人永远不会爱我们，而这个想法一开始会让人烦恼，但最终我们会释怀。）可知，作者想告诉我们应该学会适应。故选C。
20．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文从西班牙文学巨匠塞万提斯讲起，告诉我们不论身处哪个年龄阶段，只要有目标，并且愿意学习，我们就可能取得成功。可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是告诉我们要过一种有意义的生活。故选D。
21．B
22．A
23．D
24．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章中主要阐述了父母在孩子做错事时采取“暂停独自反思”的方法不总是有作用，作者建议在孩子犯错误时更应该和孩子在一起直到父母和孩子都恢复平静。
21．细节理解题。根据“It seems that it is a good idea: the child sits on his own to reflect on what he has done.”可知在“暂停时间”，孩子们独自坐着去反省他做的事。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据“However, just because it’s something that’s been done for years, that doesn’t mean it is the right thing to do. In fact, very often, children don’t sit nicely and think about what they’ve done.”可知作者认为这个被做了多年的方法未必就是对的，事实上，孩子们并不能好好地坐着并考虑他们的所为。所以“暂停时间”并不会总是起到作用。故选A。
23．细节理解题。根据“So, instead of starting a ‘time out’, try something called ‘time in’”可知作者建议用“继续时间”代替“暂停时间”。故选D。
24．标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了孩子们饭错误时父母采取的两种方式——“暂停时间”和“继续时间”，作者觉得“暂停时间”不总是有效的，建议采用“继续时间”的方法。故选C。
25．A
26．B
27．C
【导语】本文主要讲述感恩的重要性，花点时间感谢人们的工作、善良或同情，无论是今天、上个月还是多年前，这都会让你更快乐、更健康、更有自我意识。表达感激永远不嫌晚。
25．推理判断题，根据“In the workplace, well-being is a very important topic when it comes to preventing employee burn-out and encouraging engagement. Beyond the research that shows that employees who are shown that they are appreciated are more productive by 50 percent, caring for your employees’ well-being is simply the right thing to do.”幸福可以防止员工倦怠，鼓励员工参与，而且被赏识的员工工作效率会提高50%，关心员工的健康是一件正确的事情。可推知明智的雇主应该提高员工的幸福感。故选A。
26．细节理解题，根据“During my month-long vacation, … I decided to reach out to my fifth-grade teacher and thank her for being a positive instructor and a strong influence on my life.”和“The old saying goes “It’s never too late to say you’re sorry,” but the same is true of gratitude.”，作者在工作后，去感谢五年级的老师，可知是为了证明表达感激永远不嫌晚，故选B。
27．最佳标题题，根据“Taking the time to thank people for their work, kindness or empathy-whether it was today, last month or many years ago-makes you happier, healthier and more self-aware. And that’s a gift worth celebrating 365 days a year.” 花点时间感谢人们的工作、善良或同情——无论是今天、上个月还是多年前——会让你更快乐、更健康、更有自我意识。这是一份值得一年365天庆祝的礼物。 可知本文主要围绕每一天都要感恩来进行阐述，选项C“全年都要感恩”符合语境，故选C。
28．B
29．B
30．D
31．A
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要说明上大学接受高等教育的好处和优势。
28．段落大意题。根据文章第二段“Schools and universities are the first places to get knowledge...Knowledge leads to knowledge.”可知，本段主要写学校和大学是获取知识的首要地方，上大学可以获得更多知识，让知识引领知识。选项B“它可以让你获得更多的知识”符合原文。故选B。
29．词义猜测题。根据文中第四段“When there’s a recession in the economy (经济), those who attended college will be more likely to find a new job than those who only finished high school and have a limited skills set. ”可知，那些上过大学的要比那些只上到高中和有有限技能的人找到新工作的可能性更大。由此可推断应是经济下滑，难就业时，上过大学的人有就业优势。选项B drop“下降”与之相符。故选B。
30．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“It means a good education leads to excellent networking. Good networking can benefit you a lot in your later life.”可知，良好的教育会引领你进入良好的人际关系网，良好的人际关系会让你在今后的生活中受益很多。选项D“你能认识出色的人”正确。故选D。
31．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Here are some reasons why you should go to college and receive a good education there.”以及文章后面介绍的内容可知，文章主要写上大学接受良好教育的原因，同时也说明了上了大学的优势。选项A“上大学的好处”符合主旨。故选A。
32．B
33．C
34．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了背景知识在阅读中起着重要的作用，并针对“教师如何帮助学生建立背景知识”这一问题提出了几点建议。
32．推理判断题。根据“It is agreed that background knowledge plays an important role in reading.”及第二段“To understand this, here are two points. ”可知，第二段主要是在解释为什么背景知识很重要，所以作者举这个例子是为了说明这一点。故选B。
33．推理判断题。根据“but wide reading has usually been taken as reading about a lot of different topics..... encourage children to find an interest and read as many books as they can on one topic. This will help them develop a deeper knowledge on a topic.”可知，本段主要是介绍鼓励孩子尽可能多地阅读自己感兴趣的同一主题的书籍，C项“鼓励以主题为中心的广泛阅读”最适合作为主题句。故选C。
34．细节理解题。根据“Begin by teaching words in categories”和“Categories of objects and the use of generic nouns（统称）can help students increase vocabulary and develop concepts（概念）.”可知，增加词汇量，发展概念可以帮助建立背景知识。故选D。
35．C
36．C
37．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了Akram和Holly为了在学校做自己的爱好，他们克服了很多问题，终于在学校开设了自己喜欢的俱乐部。
35．细节理解题。根据“He wanted to stay at school and do his favorite hobby”可知他想留在学校做他最喜欢的爱好。故选C。
36．细节理解题。根据“he could organize trainee（实习生）teachers to be responsible for the clubs”可知实习教师对俱乐部负责。故选C。
37．推理判断题。根据“Now the school has some exciting after-school clubs. Akram and Holly enjoyed the experience very much”以及上文内容可知学校里有很多俱乐部，他们非常喜欢这个经历，因为他们通过自己的努力解决了一些创建俱乐部遇到的问题。故选D。