外研版（2019）必修第二册Unit 3 On the move Section B Using language学案（含答案）

Section B Using language
学习目标
1、学会本节单词、短语。
2、学会本节语法。
知识运用
1. fit
词性：_________ 意思：________
fit in (with…)适应（……），（与……）合得来
keep fit (=keep healthy)保持健康
be fit for…适合……
sb.is fit to do sth.某人适合做某事。（to do与主语sb.构成逻辑上的主谓关系）
sth.is fit to do.某物适宜……（to do与主语sth.构成逻辑上的动宾关系，但用主动形式表示被动意义）
相关词语积累：fitness n.健康，健壮
unfit adj.不适宜的，不适合的
练习：Amy joined a painting group and seemed to fit ________ well.
2. adjustable
词性：_________ 意思：________
adjustment n.调整，调节；(行为、思想的）调整，适应
make adjustments (to...)（对……）进行调整（to是介词）
adjust vt.调整，调节；整理；适应，习惯
adjust sth.to sth.调整……以适合……
adjust to (doing) sth.习惯/适应（做）某事
adjust oneself to sth.使某人自己适应某事
练习：Most middle schools prefer to buy ________ (adjust) desks, so they can
change to suit students' growing height.
3. available
词性：_________ 意思：________
be available (for sb.) to do sth.(对某人来说）可以做某事
be available for 可用于……
be available to/for sb.对某人来说是可利用的/可获得的
unavailable adj.无法得到，难以获得
练习：Many lessons are now available online, from which students can choose for free. ______________
4. involve
词性：_________ 意思：________
involve doing sth.包括做某事，需要做某事
involve sb.in(doing)sth.使某人参加某活动/（做）某事
involved adj.参与，与………有关联；复杂难懂的
be involved in...参与……，与……有关联
练习：Michael found a job as a high school teacher which involves _______ (spend) quite a lot of time with students.
5. response
词性：_________ 意思：________
in response to...作为对……的答复/回应
make a/no response to...对……作出/不作答复（回应）
相关词语积累：（1）respond回答，回应；作出反应，响应
respond to sb./sth.(with sth.)(以……)回应……
（2）形近词：responsible adj.有责任的，负责；责任重大的
responsibility n.责任，负责，职责
练习：In response ________ the severe traffic pressure, many city authorities have started to restrict the use of private vehicles.
语法讲解
不定式作定语和结果状语
知识点1. 动词不定式作定语
1.动词不定式作定语，只能位于所修饰词的后面，可扩展为一个定语从句。
We are looking for an apartment to live in. = We are looking for an apartment that we can live in.我们正在找一个可以居住的公寓。
I need a pen to write with. =I need a pen that I can write with.我需要一支写字的钢笔。
2.动词不定式作定语的用法
（1）动词不定式作定语可表示将来的还未发生的动作。
All the teachers to attend the opening ceremony tomorrow should wear the uniforms.明天将要出席开幕式的所有老师应该穿制服。
The Winter Olympics to be held in 2022 will surely bring in many international tourists. 2022年要举行的冬奥会肯定会吸引许多国际游客。
(2)序数词、形容词最高级或the last/the only/the next等后常用动词不定式作定语。
The next train to arrive was from New York.下一趟抵达的火车是从纽约开来的。
You are the only person to be late for such an important meeting.在这么重要的会议上，你是唯一迟到的人。
It is recognized that he is the best man to do the job.人们认为他是做这个工作的最佳人选。
The manager was the last to come to the meeting.经理是最后一个到达会场的人。
(3)抽象名词ability, chance, opportunity, belief, way, right, courage, decision, hope, wish, plan, dream等后常用动词不定式作定语。
Thanks to your encouragement, I finally got the courage to face the challenge.多亏了你的鼓励，我最终有了迎接挑战的勇气。
Starting a new school term is always exciting. It is a good chance to see your friends again.开始一个新学期总是很令人兴奋，这是一个再次见到你朋友的好机会。
His ability to get on well with people is his chief advantage.他与人和睦相处的能力是他的主要优点。
特别提醒
1.作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系时，如果构成不定式的动词是不及物动词，或者该不定式本身有宾语，则不定式后面要加上相应的介词。
Please give me a knife to cut with.请给我一把切东西的刀。
She bought a bookshelf to put her books on.她买了一个书架放书。
2.当动词不定式所修饰的名词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动形式，也可用被动形式，意义差别不大。但有时其含义有所不同，试比较：
There are a lot of letters to write/to be written this evening.今天晚上有许多信要写。
There is nothing to see.没什么东西（可）值得看。(nothing worth seeing)
There is nothing to be seen.看不见什么东西。(nothing there at all)
He has a child to look after.他有个孩子要照看。（自己照看,by himself）
He has a child to be looked after.他有个孩子要照看。（自己照看或由别人照看）
知识点2. 动词不定式作结果状语
1.动词不定式作结果状语的用法
（1）动词不定式作结果状语时，在动词不定式前面加上only，构成only to do结构，用以引出意想不到的或不愉快的结果，表示说话人并不希望它发生。
Yesterday I went to see her only to learn that she had gone abroad a week before.昨天我去看她，不料听人说她一周前出国了。
The traveler looked up suddenly to find a leopard in the tree.那旅人猛然抬头一看，发现树上有一只豹子。
（2）动词不定式作结果状语时，常用于一些特定的句型结构中：
too…to do…太……而不能做……
so/such…as to do 如此……以至于…
enough to do 足够……做某事
never to do sth.再也不做某事
The meeting room is too small to hold fifty people.这间会议室太小了，装不下50人。
She is so proud as to look down upon others.她如此骄傲以至于看不起别人。
We are not old enough to vote and to be voted.我们太小,还不能选举和被选举。
He left his hometown when he was ten, never to return.他十岁的时候离开家，再也没有回来。
2.使用动词不定式作结果状语的特殊情况
（1）在某些情况下，动词不定式可以直接在句中作结果状语。
Where have you been to be so delighted 你去了哪儿,竟如此高兴？
He did excellent work to be general manager of the famous company.他工作非常出色，后来成为这家著名公司的总经理。
（2）在某些表示对人进行表扬或批评的形容词后常接不定式表示结果。此类形容词有：right, polite, crazy, generous, good, kind, nice等。
He was generous to lend us a large amount of money.他为人慷慨，借给了我们一大笔钱。
She was very kind to show us the way.她非常友好,给我们指了路。
练习：
1.He hurried to the booking office, only ______ (tell) that the tickets had been sold out.
2.Volunteering gives you a chance _______ (change) lives, including your own.
3.His second book _______ (publish) next month is believed to be a hit.
4."Do you have any clothes _______ (wash) today " my mother asked.
5. Meyer and his team were the first people _______ (show) how the disease spreads from animals to humans.
6. This is the only way we can imagine _______ (reduce) the overuse of water in
students' bathrooms.
答案
知识运用
1.in 2.adjustable 3.可获得的 4.spending 5.to
语法解析
1. to be told 2.to change 3.to be published 4.to wash 5.to show 6.to reduce
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