外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册 Unit 4 Breaking boundaries Using Language（学案）

Section B Using language
学习目标
掌握本节生词及语法。
词汇运用
1.harmonious
意思 ________ 词性 ________
同义词
adj.和好的;和睦的
compatible
congruous
in consonant
agreeing
accord
congenial
adj.调和的
musical
反义词
Inharmonious
练习：For you to create a ________ and healthy business opportunity!
2.rewarding
意思 ________ 词性 ________
reward n．　　　　奖励；回报；报酬
v. 奖励；奖赏；给……以报酬
in reward for ... 为了酬谢或报答……
as a reward for 作为对……的奖励/报酬，为了表彰……
(2)reward sb.for (doing) sth. 因为(做)某事报答/奖赏某人
reward sb.with ... 用……报答/回报某人
同义词
profitable favorable
练习：Teaching is not very financially _______.
语法解析
一.It 做形式主语：由于主语从句过长，为了避免头重脚轻，常常用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末，常用的主要有以下五种句型：
1.It+be+形容词(clear/obvious/true /nature /surprising /good /wonderful /funny /possible /likely /probable /certain /fortunate)+that的主语从句……：意为“做……是……的。”
例如：It was surprising that she passed the difficult exam.真让人惊讶，她居然通过了这次有难度的考试。
（老师有话说：it为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句→that she passed the difficult exam。）
It is clear that he told a lie.很明显，他撒谎了。
（老师有话说：it为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句→that he told a lie.）
2.It+be+过去分词(said/ reported/ believed/ thought/ expected/ announced/ confirmed)+that从句……：意为“据……。”
例如：It's said that they are opposite-sex twins.听说他们是龙凤胎。
（老师有话说：It为该句的形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句。句子中的过去分词是said，其原形为say“说”。Opposite-sex twins“龙凤胎”，另外twins为“双胞胎”。）
3. It+be+名词(a pity/no wonder/an honor/a good idea/a fact/ good news)+that从句……：意为“做……是……的。”
4.It不及物动词(短语）(seem/happen/appear/look/occur/turn out)+that从句……
例如：It happened that they were out that day.碰巧那天他们不在家。
（老师有话说：it为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句。be out“外出”）。
5.It+及物动词(worry/shock)+that从句……
例如：It shocks me that he failed in this exam.他没通过考试，震惊到我了。
（老师有话说：从句用的是一般过去时，说明考试失利这件事发生在过去，it后的谓语动词用的是一般现在时，说明我知道这件事情是现在。it为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句。）
二.注意：
1.如果过去分词是suggested/ordered/required/advised/requested/insisted等表示建议、要求、命令等词时，从句应该用虚拟语气，其谓语动词的结构为→（should）+动词原形。
例如：It's suggested that students (should) make their bed by themselves.人们建议孩子应该自己铺床。
（老师有话说：suggested表示建议，所以后面通常接虚拟语气，其中should可以省略。it为该句的形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句。）
2.当表语或宾语也为从句时，不能用it做形式主语。
例如：What moved me is that they lost their life in order to save others.让我感动的是他们为了救别人而献出了自己的生命。
（老师有话说：该句中that引导的从句位于系动词is的后面，为表语从句，所以此时不能that做形式主语。what引导的从句为句子真正的主语，且在该句中位于句首。）
That I come here means that he has invited me.我来这里就表明他已经邀请过我了。
（老师有话说：that引导的从句是句子真正的主语，此时不能用it做形式主语。第二个that引导的句子位于谓语动词mean的后面，充当宾语，属于宾语从句，）
练习：
1．It's necessary for us to use (use) a short wave radio to pick up the programmes.
2．It was foolish of him to give up the job.
3．It is no good buying (buy) a car if you can't drive.
4．It was a pity that the engineer couldn't come on time.
5．It is common knowledge that the earth goes around the sun.
6．It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese.
答案：
词汇运用：1.harmonious 2.rewarding
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