牛津译林版（2019）必修第一册 Unit 4 Looking good, feeling good Grammar and usage（学案）

Section B Grammar and usage
学习目标
1、学会本节单词、短语。
2、掌握本节句型表达与运用。
知识运用
1. pressure
词性：_________ 意思：________
under pressure 在压力下
reduce pressure 减轻压力
put sb. under pressure 置某人于压力之下
put pressure on sb.给某人施加压力
be/come under pressure to do sth.面临做某事的压力
air/water/blood pressure气压/水压/血压
the pressures of work 工作压力
press vt. 按；压；催促，敦促
练习：Some people work better _________ pressure, so moderate(适度的) pressure may be helpful.
2. contribute
词性：_________ 意思：________
contribute...to...向……捐赠；为……撰稿
contribute to sth/doing sth 造成/促成某事；是……的原因之一
contribution n.贡献；捐款；投稿
make a contribution to (doing) sth 对……做出贡献
contributor n.投稿人；捐款人；作出贡献者
练习：We hope your suggestion will contribute to __________ (solve) the problem.
3. memory
词性：_________ 意思：________
in memory of纪念……
from memory 根据记忆
beyond one's memory 某人记不得
in/within one's memory 在某人记忆中
short-term memory 短时记忆
memorize v.记住，记忆
练习：He founded the charity in memory ________ his late wife.
4. attack
词性：_________ 意思：________
词性：_________ 意思：________
an attack of... ……的发作
be/become under attack 受到袭击/抨击
make an attack on... 攻击……
attacker n.攻击者
练习：How will they react when the attackers get ___________ (attack)
5. amount
词性：_________ 意思：________
a large/small amount of +不可数名词 大量的/少量的……（作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式）
large/small amounts of+不可数名词 大量的/少量的……（作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式）
the amount of +不可数名词 ……的数量（作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式）
练习：Large amounts of my pocket money ________ (be) spent buying new books last year.
6. schedule
词性：_________ 意思：________
ahead of schedule 提前
on schedule 按时间表，准时
behind schedule 落后于预定计划
be scheduled for 预定；安排
be scheduled to do sth 预计做某事
练习：The train is _________ schedule. You'll have to wait another fifteen minutes.
7. negative
词性：_________ 意思：________
feel/sound negative感觉/听起来消极
become negative 变得消极
a negative view 消极的观点
a negative image 负面的形象
have a negative attitude to/towards对……持消极的态度
have a negative effect on对……有不良影响
练习：This actually reflected that the man held a negative attitude ________ life.
语法解析
关系副词引导的限制性定语从句
定语从句也可以由关系副词（relative adverbs）when，where，why引导，关系副词在定语从句中作状语。
一、when 引导定语从句的用法
1.当先行词是表示时间的名词（如time，moment，day，year，month，week，period等），且关系词在从句中作时间状语时，定语从句用when引导。
2.when可以换成"介词+which"。
Winter is the time of year when (=in which) the day is short while the night is long.
冬天是一年中昼短夜长的时候。
She is looking forward to the day when (=on which) her daughter wins a gold medal at the Olympics.
她盼望着她的女儿在奥运会上赢得金牌的那一天。
注意：
当先行词是表示时间的名词时，既可以用when引导定语从句，也可以用that 或which引导定语从句，关键要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当状语，则用when引导；若关系词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，则用that 或which 引导。
Do you still remember the days (that/which) we spent together on the farm
你还记得我们一起在农场度过的那些日子吗？（that 或which 作spent 的宾语）
Do you still remember the days when we chatted with each other all night
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？（when在从句中作状语）
二、where 引导定语从句的用法
1.当先行词是表示具体地点的名词（如place，room，mountain，airport等）或表示抽象地点的名词（如case，state，condition，point，situation等），且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句用where引导。
The school where his sister works is a key middle school in Jiangsu Province.
他姐姐工作的那所学校是江苏省的一所重点中学。
We have reached a point where a change is needed.
我们已经到了需要做出改变的地步。
He gets into a situation where it is hard to tell what is right or wrong.
他陷入一种难以判断对错的境地。
2.where可以换成"介词+which"。
This is the hotel where (=in which) they stayed.
这就是他们待过的那个旅馆。
注意：
当先行词为表示地点的名词时，如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用that 或which 引导定语从句。
His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.
他的父亲在一家制造收音机零件的工厂里工作。
辨析：比较where引导的定语从句和状语从句
（1）where引导定语从句时，为关系副词，在定语从句中作地点状语，其前有一个表示地点的先行词。此时，where可以换成“介词+which”结构。where引导的定语从句只能位于主句之后或句中，不能位于句首。
Is there a shop around where (=in which) we can buy some fruit
附近有没有一个商店可以让我们在里面买些水果？
（2）where引导状语从句时，为从属连词。where引导的地点状语从句修饰主句中的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的名词。此时，where不能换成“介词+which”结构。where 引导的地点状语从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。
Where there is a will, there is a way.
（谚）有志者，事竟成。
We should go where we are needed.
我们应该到需要我们的地方去。
三、why引导定语从句的用法
1.当先行词是表示原因的名词reason，且关系词在从句中作原因状语时，定语从句用why引导，且只能引导限制性定语从句。
2.why 可以用for which 来代替。
This is the reason why (=for which) he left in a hurry.
这就是他匆匆离去的原因。
注意：
若先行词为reason，且关系词在定语从句中不作状语，而是充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导定语从句。
The reason that he told me yesterday is a lie.
昨天他告诉我的理由是个谎言。
练习：
1. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house ________ I would be staying.
2. The town _______ we visited last month is the one _________ the famous painter was born.
3. Tony will never forget those days _______ he lived in China with his mother, which has a great effect on his life.
4. The reason ________ he was late was that something was wrong with his bike on the way.
5. Is this the reason ________ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work
6. He wrote a letter _________ he explained what had happened in the accident.
7. It's helpful to put children in a situation _______ they can see themselves differently.
8. It was the middle of the night ________ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.
答案
知识运用
1. under 2. solving 3. of 4. attacked 5. were 6. behind 7. to/towards
语法解析
1. where 2.which/that；where 3. when 4. why 5. that/which 6. where 7. where 8. when
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