人教版（2019）必修1 Unit 4 NATURAL DISASTERS Section B 同步练习 课件 39页PPT

(共39张PPT)
Unit 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
Section B 同步练习
人教版（2019）必修1（高一上）
目 录
目录
content
第一章
单句语法填空
第二章
语法填空
第三章
完形填空
目 录
目录
content
第四章
阅读理解
第五章
七选五
单 句 语 法 填 空
01
单句语法填空
单 句 语 法 填 空
【单句语法填空】
1．Mary＇s description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I _____ (be) there.
2. Who would want _____ (ruin) their good workout by eating junk food
3．I still remember visiting a friend who'd lived here for five years and I _____ (shock) when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.
4. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _____ (trap) in the mountains for two days.
5. Later，he worked in Africa，where many people suffered _____ blindness for lack of proper treatment.
单 句 语 法 填 空
【单句语法填空】
6. The 65-year-old Steve Goodwin was found _____（suffer）from early Alzheimer＇s（阿尔兹海默症）.
7. The little boy was still awake on his mother's lap,but the woman _____ (drop) off to sleep.
8. The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical（天文的）incidents. But alternative explanations are hard _____ (find).
答案解析
【单句语法填空】
1．had been
【解析】根据语境可知，此处表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故从句用过去完成时。
【句意】玛丽对那场聚会的描述是如此生动，以至于我感觉好像去过那里。
2. 1o ruin
【解析】want to do sth．想要做某事。【句意】谁会想通过吃垃圾食品来破坏他们好的锻炼（成果）呢？
3.was shocked
【解析】根据后面的leamt知，此处说的是过去的事，空格处应用一般过去时。而1与shock之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
【句意】我还记得拜访过一位在这里住了五年的朋友，当我得知她那时候一次都没做过饭时，我感到很震惊。
4.had been trapped
【解析】two tourists 与trap之间是被动关系， 再根据 risked 和 for two days 知用过去完成时。
【句意】一名救援人员冒着生命危险救出了两名被困在山里两天的游客。
答案解析
【单句语法填空】
5．from
【解析】suffer from遭受·····之苦。
【句意】后来，他在非洲工作，那里有许多人因缺乏适当的治疗而失明。
6.suffering
【解析】find sb．doing sth．发现某人正在做某事或处于某种状态，是固定搭配，此处用了被动语态结构。
【句意】65岁的史蒂夫·古德温被发现患有早期阿尔兹海默症。
7.dropped
【解析】根据前一个分句的时态判断，此处用一般过去时。
【句意】小男孩还醒着，在妈妈的大腿上，但那位女士（妈妈）已经睡着了。
8.to find
【解析】虽然 alternative explanations 与find之间是被动关系，但因句中有形容词hard，用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
【句意】恐龙的消失不一定是天文事件造成的，但是其他的解释很难找到。
语 法 填 空
02
语法填空
语 法 填 空
主题：人与社会（科学与技术）
体裁：应用文 话题：太空探索
A second crewof three astronauts are heading for China's Tianhe space station module after the __1__（succeed）launch（发射）of the Shenzhou-13 mission（任务）Friday．
Astronauts Zhai Zhigang,Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu will be busy during their six months in orbit. They'll spend a lot of time __2__（test）and validating（验证）technologies that will allow China to finish construction of the new space station, __3__ is called Tiangong (“Heavenly Palace”). That station will consist of three modules;the other two __4__ (expect) to launch toward the 54-foot-long (16.6 meters) Tianhe next year.
语 法 填 空
For example,the Shenzhou-13 crew will move the robotic Tianzhou-2 cargo（货物）spacecraft from one Tianhe docking（对接）port to __5__, using the module's robotic arm,Chinese officials said.Tianzhou-2 __6__ ( arrive)at Tianhe in May, delivering supplies for the Shenzhou-12 crew.
主题：人与社会（科学与技术）
体裁：应用文 话题：太空探索
语 法 填 空
主题：人与自我（做人与做事）
体裁：记叙文 话题：救灾经历
Zhai, Wang and Ye will also conduct all kinds of __7__(experiment)onboard Tianhe,including work __8__ (design) to advance space medicine and scientists＇ understanding of microgravity physics（微重力物理学）.And researchers on the ground will keep close tabs （监视）on the trio＇s health，to learn more __9__how long-duration（长持续时间）spaceflight affects people __10__ (mental) and physically.The crew will also conduct two or three spacewalks during the Shenzhou-13 mission.
答案解析
【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。星期五神舟十三号成功发射后，第二组三名宇航员正前往中国天和空间站模块。文章主要介绍了宇航员在空间站上的一些任务和安排。
1．successful
考查形容词。修饰名词launch应用形容词successful作定语。
2．testing
考查非谓语动词。spend time doing sth．花时间做某事，为固定短语。
3．which
考查定语从句。所填词引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词 the new space station 进行补充说明，指物，并在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which引导。
4．are expected
考查时态语态。根据所填词作谓语，表示“预计（做）·.....”可知，用短语 be expected to do，主语为the other two，谓语用复数形式，故填are expected。
5．another
考查代词。表示“一个·····另一个…”，短语为one...another...
答案解析
6．arrived
考查时态。所填词作谓语，根据前文和时间状语in May可知，用一般过去时，故填arrived。
7．experiments
考查名词复数。experiment为可数名词，由 all kinds of修饰，所以空格处用复数形式。
8．designed
考查非谓语动词。所填词作后置定语，修饰名词work，且work与之构成被动关系，故用过去分词designed。
9．about
考查介词。learn about“了解”，为固定短语。
10．mentally
考查副词。修饰动词affect，用副词mentally 作状语。由and后的physically也可得出答案。
【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。星期五神舟十三号成功发射后，第二组三名宇航员正前往中国天和空间站模块。文章主要介绍了宇航员在空间站上的一些任务和安排。
完形填空
03
完形填空
完形填空
主题：人与自我（生活与学习）
体裁：记叙文话题：89岁高龄获得高中文凭
In 1939，Miriam should have started first grade. __1__ she spent that year-and the following five-trying to __2__. Decades later, though,the now-89-year-old Holocaust survivor finally got something she had always been __3__ for: a high school diploma（文凭）.
1. A. Instead B. Fortunately
C. Immediately D. Besides
2. A. work B. survive
C. advance D. volunteer
3. A. sorry B. grateful
C. anxious D. responsible
完形填空
主题：人与自我（生活与学习）
体裁：记叙文话题：89岁高龄获得高中文凭
Miriam showed her __4__ that she had never asked a Jewish high school whether they would __5__ its graduation ceremony.The principal passed the __6__ on to the students. He brought a few seniors to Miriam's home to hear her story.
4. A. argument B. concern
C. pressure D. disappointment
5. A. consider B. enjoy
C. suggest D. imagine
6. A. case B. option
C. question D. diploma
完形填空
主题：人与自我（生活与学习）
体裁：记叙文话题：89岁高龄获得高中文凭
Miriam's life was good until World War II started. Miriam and her family spent months __7__ from the Nazis, running in a continuous state of fear. Soon afer, the family was __8__ to a camp in Siberia. Miriam was not freed until March 1946-nearly a year after the war ended. She and her remaining family members went to a camp in Germany.They rebuilt their __9__ in whatever way they could.
7. A. gathering B. hiding
C. decovering D. benifiting
8. A. attracted B. contributed
C. exchanged D. transported
9. A. accounts B. functions
C. lives D. relationships
完形填空
主题：人与自我（生活与学习）
体裁：记叙文话题：89岁高龄获得高中文凭
Getting a formal education was never an option for her. She and her husband __10__ their two sons to school, thus giving them opportunities they never had.The two sons __11__ their mother. So did the students who heard Miriam's story.They had a class mecting and discussed how to __12__ her.
10. A. focused on B. rosed to
C. lived up to D. let go of
11. A. comforted B. admired
C. calmed D. equaled
12. A. contact B. judge
C. view D. honour
完形填空
主题：人与自我（生活与学习）
体裁：记叙文话题：89岁高龄获得高中文凭
On August 16,during a(n) __13__ in the school gym, Miriam was given a high school diploma formally. All her family and members of the Jewish community watched with __14__. Wearing her cap and gown,she walked to the platform. She __15__ made it!
13. A. performance B. adventure
C. emergency D. ceremony
14. A. pride B. interest
C. reflection D. tension
15. A. individually B. finally
C. normally D. independently
答案解析
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了现年89岁的大屠杀幸存者Miriam终于获得了高中文凭的事情。
1．A
根据上文“In 1939，Miriam should have started first grade.”可知，Miriam本来应该上一年级，结果相反，她花费了那一年-以及接下来的五年-努力生存。
2．B
根据后文 Holocaust survivor可知，指努力生存。
3．C
根据后文a high school diploma可知，高中文凭是她渴望得到的东西。
4．D
根据后文 she had never asked a Jewish high school whether they would...可知她从来没有问过一所犹太高中是否考虑它的毕业典礼，所以对此感到失望。
答案解析
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了现年89岁的大屠杀幸存者Miriam终于获得了高中文凭的事情。
5．A
根据后文 its graduation ceremony 可知，此处指考虑举行毕业典礼。
6. C
呼应上文 whether they would，此处指是否举行毕业典礼的问题。
7. B
根据后文 from the Nazis可知，躲避纳梓。
8．D
根据后文 camp in Siberia可知，这家人被转移到西伯利亚的营地。
答案解析
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了现年89岁的大屠杀幸存者Miriam终于获得了高中文凭的事情。
9. C
根据上文“She and her remaining family members went to a camp in Germany.”可知，他们去了德国，开始在那里重建生活。
10. A
focus on集中于；rise to上升至；live up to不辜负；let go of放手。根据后文 their two sons to school，thus giving them opportunities they never had可知，Miriam和丈夫专心让两个儿子上学，从而给了他们从未有过的机会。
11. B
结合后文“So did the students who heard Miriam＇s story.”以及Miriam终于得到了自己的高中文凭可推测，儿子们很钦佩母亲。故选B。
12．D
呼应后文“．．Miriam was given a high school diploma formally.”可知，讨论了如何给Miriam授予荣誉。
答案解析
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了现年89岁的大屠杀幸存者Miriam终于获得了高中文凭的事情。
13. D
呼应上文 its graduation ceremony可知，举行毕业典礼。
14. A
pride自豪；interest兴趣；reflection反射；tension紧张。根据上文“..Miriam was given a high school diploma formally.”可知，Miriam正式获得了高中文凭，所以她所有的家人和犹太社区的成员都骄傲地看着。
15. B
结合上文可知，经过了这么多年，Miriam终于获得了高中文凭。
阅读理解
04
阅读理解
阅 读 理 解
主题：人与自然（灾害防范）
体裁：说明文 话题：火灾知识
Ench year more than2,500 people die and 12,600 are injured in home fires just in the UnitedStates，with direct property（财产）loss because of home fires at about $7.3 billion cvery year.Every day Americans experience the horror of fires, but most people don't understand fires.
To protect yourself, it is important to learn something about home fires.
阅 读 理 解
主题：人与自然（灾害防范）
体裁：说明文 话题：火灾知识
In less than 30 seconds a small flame can get completely out of control and turn into a major fire.It only takes minutes for thick black smoke to fill a house or for it to be in flames. Most deadly fires occur in the home when people are asleep. If you realize a fire,you won't have time to take anything valuable because the fire spreads too quickly and the smoke is too thick. The fire uses up the oxygen you need and produces smoke and poisonous gases that kill.Breathing even small amounts of smoke and toxic gases can make you tired and sleepy,and short of breath. The smoke can cause you to be a deep sleeper before the flames reach your door. You may not wake up in time to escape.
阅 读 理 解
主题：人与自然（灾害防范）
体裁：说明文 话题：火灾知识
Room temperatures in a fire can be 100 degrees at floor level and rise to 600 degrees at eye level. Breathing in this super-hot air will burn your lungs. It can melt clothes to your skin. In five minutes, a room can get so hot that everything in it starts to burn at once.
Fires are bright at first, but quickly produce black smoke and complete darkness. If you wake up to a fire you may be blinded,confused about where you are or which direction you should go and unable to find your way around the home you've lived in for years.
Only when we know the true nature of fires can we prepare our families and ourselves.
阅 读 理 解
1.How does the first paragraph develop
A.By raising questions.
B.By giving examples.
C.By expressing opinions.
D.By listing reasons.
2.What can we infer from the fourth paragraph
A. It is necessary to escape in time.
B. It is important to find poisonous gases.
C. It is impossible to keep away from smoke.
D.It is dangerous to sleep away from the door.
主题：人与自然（灾害防范）
体裁：说明文 话题：火灾知识
阅 读 理 解
3.How does black smoke trouble us
A.Getting us to lose our ways.
B.Making our faces turn black.
C.Causing us to feel hopeless.
D.Forcing us to walk around the home.
4. What is the passage mainly telling us
A.Different processes of home fires.
B.Some basic knowledge of home fires.
C.Great damage of home fires in the USA.
D.Some good ways to prevent home fires.
主题：人与自然（灾害防范）
体裁：说明文 话题：火灾知识
答案解析
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文告诉我们：为了保护你自己，要学习一些有关家庭火灾的知识。
1．B
推理判断题。根据第一段内容“Each year more than2,500 people…… at about ＄7.3 billion every year．”可知，第一段是通过例证来说明问题的。
2．A
推理判断题。根据第四段中“Breathing in this super-hot air will burn your lungs. It can melt clothes to your skin.In five minutes,a room can get so hot that everything in it starts to burn at once.”可知，及时逃脱是必要的。
3．A
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Fires are brightat first,but quickly produce black smoke …… your way around the home you＇ve lived in for years.”可知，浓浓的黑烟会使我们迷路。
4．B
主旨大意题。根据第二段“To protect yourself，it isimportant to learn something about home fires.”可知，文章主要告诉我们家庭火灾的基本知识。
七选五
05
七选五
七选五
主题：人与自然（环境保护）
体裁：说明文 话题：塑料污染
The world has aplastic problem-and it is increasing. __1__ But in the meantime,here are five things you can do to reduce plastic waste now.
1.Quit using plastic bags. Instead, take your own reusable shopping bag to the store. People use a trillion plastic bags worldwide every year. About 10 percent are used in the United States alone. That's almost one bag per American per day. __2__ In 1993,Denmark was the first country to place a tax（税）on plastic bags. Today, other countries either make customers pay for plastic bags or have banned them completely.
七选五
主题：人与自然（环境保护）
体裁：说明文 话题：塑料污染
2. Skip the straw. Today, around 8. 3 billion plastic straws pollute the world's beaches. __3__ In 2018,Seattle became the first major U. S. city to ban plastic straws,and many other cities are set to follow its example.
3. Don't use plastic bottles. Buy a reusable bottle and fill it with any type of beverage you like. __4__ Globally, however, people still buy nearly a million plastic bottles every minute.
七选五
主题：人与自然（环境保护）
体裁：说明文 话题：塑料污染
4. Avoid plastic packaging. Buy bar soap instead of liquid soap in plastic containers. Don't buy fruit or vegetables in plastic packaging. In the United Kingdom, leaders are calling for supermarkets to have plastic-free areas.They also want to tax plastic take-out containers.
5.Recycle. We can't recycle all plastic items, but it is possible to recycle most bottles and milk or juice cartons. Today,Norway recycles 97 percent of its plastic bottles. __5__
七选五
主题：人与自然（环境保护）
体裁：说明文 话题：塑料污染
A.Likewise,the average Dane uses four plastic bags per day.
B.In contrast,the average Dane used four single-use bags per year.
C. So when you order a drink, say no to the straw, or bring your own reusable one.
D.However, there are still loads of people ignoring the seriousness of it.
E. Scientists are working to find a long-term solution by making plastic more biodegradable（可生物降解的）.
F.Some cities, like Bundanoon in Australia and San Francisco in the U. S. have completely or partially banned bottled water.
G.How Machines at most supermarkets take the bottles and give a refund（退款）ofup to 2.5 kroner （32 cents）per bottle．
答案解析
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是我们普通人可以怎样做来减少塑料垃圾。
1. E
根据上文“The world has a plastic problem-and it is increasing.”可知，文章第一段主要介绍的是全球面临着塑料污染问题。E项“科学家们正在努力通过使塑料更具生物降解性来找到一个长期的解决方案”能够承接上文。
2. B
根据上文“About 10 percent are used in the United States alone. That＇s almost one bag per American per day.”可知，上文介绍的是美国人均每天使用塑料袋的数量。B项“相比之下，丹麦人平均每人每年使用四个一次性塑料袋”与上文内容形成对比，且能引起下文，下文介绍的是丹麦关于使用塑料袋的政策。
3. C
根据上文“Today，around 8． 3 billion plastic straws pollute the world＇s beaches.”可知，上文介绍的是塑料吸管对环境的污染。C项“所以当你点饮料时，不要用吸管，或者带上你自己可重复使用的吸管”能够承接上文。
答案解析
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是我们普通人可以怎样做来减少塑料垃圾。
4. F
根据段落主旨句“Don＇t use plastic bottles．”可知，本段内容介绍的是为了减少塑料垃圾，不要使用塑料瓶。F项“一些城市，如澳大利亚的班达农和美国的旧金山，完全或部分禁止瓶装水”符合段落主旨，介绍了一些城市为了减少塑料瓶带来的污染，完全或部分禁止瓶装水，且与下文内容形成转折关系，下文介绍说，在全球范围内，人们仍然每分钟购买近一百万个塑料瓶。
5. G
根据上文“Today，Norway recycles 97 percent of its plastic bottles.”可知，上文介绍了挪威在塑料瓶回收上取得的成就。G项“怎样做到的？大多数超市的机器都会回收瓶子，每个瓶子最多退款2.5克朗（32美分）”能够承接上文，介绍了挪威是如何取得这一成就的。
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