人教版(2019)必修第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters词汇课课件 -(39张ppt)

(共39张PPT)
词汇课
Natural disasters
unit 4
1. disaster /d zɑ:st (r)/
dis +
aster
不；离开
星
n. 灾难; 灾害
2.tornado /t : ne d /
torn +
ado
转动，旋转，环绕
名词后缀
n.(pl. -oes or -os) 龙卷风；旋风
3.drought / dra t /
n.旱灾；久旱
=dry 干旱的，干燥的
名词后缀，表状态
4.landslide / l ndsla d /
n. ( landfall)崩塌；滑坡
land +
slide
土地
滑行，滑动
5.slide/ sla d /
vi. & vt. (使)滑行；滑动
6.tsunami / tsu: nɑ:mi /
n. 海啸
slide away 溜走
slide off 滑落
7. flood n.洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没
Towns and cities all over the country have been flooded. ________
His eyes were flooded with tears. _________
As soon as the gate opened, many people flooded into the supermarket. __________
淹没
充满
大量涌入
【归纳总结】
flood ...with, be flooded with充满
flood in/into（大量）涌入
a flood of 大量的
8.volcanic eruption / v l k n k r p n /
火山喷发
Vulcan 火神伏尔甘
volcano 火山
9.magnitude / m gn tju:d /
n. (地)震级；重大
rescue … from… 把…从…营救出来
come to/go to sb’s rescue＝rescue sb 救援某人
10. rescue vt. & n. 营救; 救援
◆单句填空
①He rescued three children 　　　　　 the burning building.
②We came 　　 his rescue and pulled him out of the river.
③Finally they ___________________ (rescue) by helicopter yesterday
例句：
1.The brave firefighter rescued three children from the burning house yesterday.
昨天这名勇敢的消防员从燃烧的房子中救出了三个孩子。
2.When we were trapped in ruins, the soldiers came to our rescue.
当我们被困在废墟中时，士兵们赶来救援我们。
from
to
were rescued
do/cause damage to 对…造成损害; 损害…
damage one’s health 损害某人的健康
11. damage / d m d /
拓展词汇：damaged adj. 被破坏的
dam +
age
dam damn
伤害 v.谴责；adj.可恶的
名词后缀，表示行为
vt.损害；破坏 n.损坏；损失
例句：
1.They managed to repair the houses that were badly damaged in the earthquake.
2.众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。
As we all know, smoking can do/cause damage to our health.（damage n．）
It is well known that smoking can damage our health.（damage vt.）
11. damage vt.损害;破坏　n.损害;损失
Bad behaviour has done seriously damage _____ the country’s reputation.
一句多译：
It is well known that smoking can _________________（损害我们的健康）.(damage vt.)
As we all know,smoking can__________________ our health. (damage n.)
Several cars _________________ ( damage ) in the crash which happened last night .
to
damage our health
do/cause damage to
were damage
12. destroy vt. 摧毁; 毁灭
拓展词汇：destruction n. 摧毁; 毁灭
destroy
1.常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的“摧毁”“毁灭”，程度较深。
The earthquake destroyed almost the entire city.
The forest was destroyed by fire.
2. 也可用于损坏抽象的东西，比如名誉、希望、计划、努力、契约等。
常用搭配 destroy one ＇s confidence / hope / faith
摧毁某人的信心/希望／信仰
All his hopes were destroyed.
That will destroy the reputation of our products.
易混辨析 destroy , damage 与 ruin 的用法区别
易混 用法
destroy 作动词，指以具有某种摧毁或杀伤性的力量把某物彻底毁坏，以至于不能或很难修复。
damage 可用作动词或名词，指一定程度的损坏或损失，部分是可以修复的。作名词表示抽象的“损害；破坏"时，为不可数名词，构成词组 do / cause damage to sb / sth 。
ruin V.指毁灭，毁坏，
n.常用复数 废墟，遗迹等
作名词时常构成短语lie / be in ruins 意为“严重破损；破败不堪”。
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.The whole village ( destroy/damage) in the sudden flood last year , leaving nothing to the native people .
2. Thousands of houses ( destroy/damage) by the storm , and the repair work would last half a month .
3. The whole village lies in ( ruin ) because of the war .
4. A huge amount of environmental damage has been brought about by the ___( destroy ) of the rain forests .
destruction
was destoryed
were damage
ruins
15. death n. 死; 死亡
词汇拓展：
die v. 死; 枯竭; 消失
dead adj. 死亡的; 无生命的
dying adj. 临终的; 垂死的
13.evacuate / v kjue t /
14.helicopter / hel k pt (r)/
vt.疏散；撤出 vi.撤离
n. 直升机
16.affect vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；使感染；深深打动
（P49）82 killed，500,000 affected 八十二人死亡，五十万人受到影响
知识拓展：
be affected by 被…打动; 被…侵袭
have an effect/influence on 对…产生影响
affect sb. /sth. 影响某人或某物
be affected with… 感染…疾病
take effect 生效; 起作用
side effects 副作用
in effect 在实施中; 生效中
词汇拓展：
effect n. 影响; 作用; 结果; 效果
effective adj. 有效的; 生效的
例句：1.Mrs Black is deeply affected by the touching movie.
布莱克夫人被这部感人的电影深深地打动了。
2.Staying up late every day is certain to have a great effect on your health．（effect n.）
每天熬夜一定会对你的健康造成很大的影响。
17. shelter n. 避难处; 居所; 庇护
vt. 保护; 掩蔽
vi. 躲避(风雨或危险)
shelter from... 躲避…
shelter...from... 保护/遮蔽…免受…
例句：
1. The wall sheltered us from the wind.墙壁遮挡着，使我们免遭风吹。
2. They sheltered from the sun under a tree.他们在树底下乘凉。
18.crack /kr k/n.裂纹；裂缝 v. (使)破裂
19.gas /gas/ n.气体；燃气；汽油
20.as if 似乎；好像；仿佛 (as though虚拟语气)
21. ruin /'ru: n/ n&v破坏；毁坏
22.in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
23. percent / p sent / n. 百分之…… adj.&adv.每一百种
24.brick /br k/ n. 砖；砖块
25.metal/'metl/ n.金属
每
百
cent /sent/
n. 分（辅助单位，相当于许多国家主币面值的1%）
percentage n.百分比
词汇拓展：
shocking adj. 令人震惊的; 骇人听闻的
shocked adj. 震惊的; 震撼的
26. shock/ k/ n. 震惊; 令人震惊的事; 休克&vt. 使震惊
culture shock 文化冲击
in shock 震惊；吃惊
in patience 耐心的
in condition状况良好的
in shape 健康的
【归纳总结】
be in shock震惊；吃惊
be shocked to do sth对于做某事感到震惊
be shocked that...
be shocked at/by sth 对...感到震惊
I’m ______ shock after hearing that bad news.
I was shocked __________(hear) that he had been injured.
We were shocked _______ so many people were injured or died in the earthquake.
They were shocked ________ the shocking news that he died suddenly yesterday.
in
to hear
that
at/by
27. electricity / lek tr s ti/ n. 电; 电能
词汇拓展：
electric / ‘lek tr ,k/
adj. 电的; 带电的；用电的; 发电的
electronic
adj.电子的，电子设备的
electr- 电
electr+ic=electric
28. trap /tr p/
vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套
n. 险境；陷阱
29.bury / beri/vt. 埋葬；安葬

【归纳总结】
bury ...in ...把……埋到……里;使……沉浸于……
bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面
be buried in (doing)
bury oneself in (doing)
埋头于；专心于
30.breathe / bri: /vi.& vt.呼吸

拓展词汇：breath n. 呼吸 ； breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的
31.revive /r va v/ vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒
再
活
词汇拓展：
revival n. 振兴; 复苏
31. effort /'ef t/ n. 努力; 艰难的尝试; 尽力
【归纳总结】in an effort to do sth. 努力想做…
make an/every effort （to）努力做…
spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做…
Bob had gone on a diet in an effort_________(lose) weight.
Hospitals should make ______ effort to treat the sick.
Let’s start right now and spare no effort________(do) a little bit every minute.
to lose
an
to do
32. unify / ju:n fa /
v. 统一; (使)成一体
=one
一，单一
动词后缀，使成......
33.wisdom n. 智慧; 才智
拓展词汇：wise adj. 充满智慧的; 明智的
34.context / k ntekst/ n.上下文；语境；背景
词汇拓展：
sufferer n.受难者; 受害者; 患者
suffering n.疼痛; 痛苦; 折磨; 苦难
35. suffer / s f /vt. 遭受; 蒙受vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
suffer from... 受......之苦；患
【归纳总结】
(1) suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏
suffer from 受……折磨;患……病
(2) suffering n.痛苦;苦恼;让人痛苦的事
(3) sufferer n.受难者;患病者
35. suffer vt.遭受;蒙受　vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
① People of the disaster area suffered a lot 　　　the typhoon, and water supplies and electricity were hard to get.
② The old man is said to have gone through varieties of _______　　　　　(suffer) during the war.
③Mary 　　　　　　　(suffer) from ill health at the moment.
from　
sufferings　
is suffering　
36.volcano /v l ke n / n. (pl. -oes or -os)火山

37.erupt / r pt/ vi.& vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出
复习：volcanic eruption / v l k n k r p n / 火山喷发
拓展词汇：eruption n. 爆发; 突发
38.supply /s pla / n.供应(量)；补给； [pl.] 补给品 vt. 供应；供给

38. supply n.供应(量);补给;[pl.] 补给品　vt.供应;供给
【归纳总结】
in short supply短缺 have a good supply of ...备有许多……
supply作名词,表示“补给品”时,要用复数形式,即supplies
supply sth. to sb.或 supply sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物
Water is _____ short supply.
Our __________(supply) were running out.
一句多译：没有必要担心,我们可以提供你需要的任何东西。
There is no need to worry.We can _______________whatever you need.
There is no need to worry.We can ________whatever you need _______.
in　
supplies
supply you with　
supply　
to you　
表示“为某人提供某物”的短语还有:provide sb. with sth.= provide sth. for sb.offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb.
词汇拓展：
survivor n. 幸存者; 生还者
survival n. 幸存; 残存物
39. typhoon /ta fu:n/ n.台风

40.in the open air 露天；在户外
41.hurricane / h r k n/ n . (尤指大西洋的)飓风
42.survive /s va v/
vi.生存；存活
vt. 幸存；艰难度过
超过
活
42. survive vi.生存;存活　vt.幸存;艰难度过
After he __________ the earthquake, the old man became one of the few ___________ of the family. (survive)
The doctors gave him a one in ten chance of __________(survive).
I don’t know how you all manage to survive _____ such little money.
She survived her husband _______ ten years.
survived
survivors　
survival　
on　
by　
【归纳总结】
survive sth幸免于;从……中挺过来/活过来
survival n.[U]幸存;[C]残存物
survivor n.幸存者;生还者
survive on依靠……生存下来
A survive B (by...) A比B活得长(……)
　
43. power/ pa (r)/ n. 电力供应; 能量; 力量; 控制力; 权力　
拓展词汇：
powerful adj. 强有力的; 有影响力的
powerless adj. 无权力的; 无力量的; 无能为力的
powerful adj. 强有力的
（1）come to power 上台；执政（动作）be in power 执政；掌权 beyond one's power 超出某人的能力范围
do everything in/within one's power to do sth. 尽某人所能做某事
① As your closest friend, I will do everything in my power　　　__________（help） you.
②We use words every day but not all of us realize their _____　　　（power） influence.
to help
powerful
44.tap /t p/ vi.& vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍
n.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
45.pipe /pa p/ n.管子；管道
46.whistle / w sl/ vi.吹口哨；发出笛声 vt. 吹口哨

47.emergency /i m :d nsi/
n.突发事件；紧急情况
48.calm /kɑ:m/adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静
词汇拓展：calmness n. 平静; 沉着
calmly 冷静地；平静地
（1）calm down 平静下来
calm sb. down 使某人镇定下来
（2）keep calm 保持镇静
①To solve the problem, parents should learn to calm 　　　　．
②The last thing I saw was Don's face, looking 　　　 （calm） back at me.
down
calmly
49.aid /e d/ n.援助；帮助；救援物资
v帮助；援助
（1）give first aid to sb. 对某人急救
with the aid of... 在……的帮助下
come to one's aid 帮助某人
①I'd be very grateful if you could aid me　　　　 my English.
②He is so kind a boy that he often aids his mother　　　　___（clean） the house.
③I couldn't speak French but a kind man　　　　　　（帮助了我）.
with
to clean
came to my aid
50.kit/k t/ n.成套工具；成套设备
51.first aid kit 急救箱
52.on hand 现有(尤指帮助)
53.crash /kr / vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n.撞车；碰撞
54.sweep /swi:p/vt. & vi. ( swept, swept) 打扫；清扫

sweep away 消灭; 彻底消除
55.wave /we v/n.海浪；波浪 vi.& vt.挥手；招手
56. strike /stra k/ vi.&vt. 侵袭; 突击; 击打; (使)突然想起
n. 罢工; 罢课; 袭击
(strike – struck - struck/stricken)
57.deliver /d l v (r)/vt. & vi.递送；传达 vt.发表
词汇拓展：delivery n. 递送; 传送; 交付
（1）deliver a speech 发表演讲/致辞
deliver a baby 接生
（2）delivery n.
投递；送货； 分娩，生孩子
express delivery 快递
56. strike /stra k/ vi.&vt. 侵袭; 突击; 击打; (使)突然想起
n. 罢工; 罢课; 袭击
(strike – struck - struck/stricken)
57.deliver /d l v (r)/vt. & vi.递送；传达 vt.发表
词汇拓展：delivery n. 递送; 传送; 交付
58.summary / s m ri/
n.总结；概括；概要
词汇拓展：summarize v. 概述; 总结
59.length /le θ/n.长；长度

词汇拓展：long adj. 长的
deliver a speech
发表演讲
__________n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.（使）震惊→_____________adj.令人震惊的→_____________adj.震惊的
___________vi. & vt. 呼吸→__________n. 呼吸→_____________adj.气喘吁吁的
________vt. & vi.复活；（使）苏醒 →_________n. 振兴；复苏
_________n. 智慧；才智→_______adj.充满智慧的；明智的
_________vt.遭受;蒙受→_____________n.痛苦；受难→____________n.受难者
___________vi. ＆ vt.（火山）爆发→___________ n.
________vi.生存；存活→__________ n.生存→____________n. 幸存者
shock shocking
shocked
breathe breath breathless
revive revival
wisdom wise
suffer suffering sufferer
erupt eruption
survive survival survivor
词性转换
　　　　 n.电力供应;力量;控制力→　　　　　 adj.强大的,强有力的 →　　　　　 adj.无力的;没有能力的
　　　　　 vt.& vi.递送;传达　vt.发表→　　　　　 n.投递;递送
_______________ n.总结；概况；概要 ______________ v.总结；概述
　　　　　 n.长;长度→　　　____v. 加长；延长→　　　 adj.长的
power powerful
powerless
deliver delivery
summary summarize
length lengthen long
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