选择性必修第一册Unit 1单元词汇默写本
Ⅰ. 核心单词
1. ______________ adj. 必不可少的; 极其重要的; 充满生机的
2. ______________ n. 失败; 挫败vt. 击败; 战胜
3. ______________ vt. 评价; 评估
4. ______________ vt. 承认(属实、权威等); (公开)感谢
5. ______________ vt. 偶然碰到; 遇到n. 邂逅; 遭遇
6. ______________ vt. (尤指经努力)获得; 赢得
vi. (规章、习俗等)存在; 流行
7. ______________ adj. 不一般的; 非凡的; 意想不到的
8. ______________ vt. 承诺; 保证(某个人、机构等)
vi. 忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
9. ______________ vt. 推断; 推定
10. ______________ n. 条件; 环境; 状况
Ⅱ. 拓展单词
1. distinct adj. 清晰的; 清楚的; 有区别的→______________ n. 差别
2. novel n. (长篇)小说→______________ n. 小说家
3. commit vt. 承诺; 保证(某个人、机构等)vi. 忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→______________ adj. 尽心尽力的; 坚定的; 坚信的 →______________ n. 承诺; 交托; 信奉
4. conclude v. 得出结论, 结束; 终止→______________ n. 结论; 推论
5. apparent adj. 显而易见的; 显然的; 表面上的→ ______________ adv. 显而易见; 看来; 显然
6. science n. 科学→______________ n. 科学家→______________ adj. 科学(上)的; 关于科学的
7. academy n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院; 学会; 专科院校→ ______________ adj. 学业的; 学术的
8. object n. 物体; 对象; 客体→______________ n. 目标; 目的 adj. 客观的
9. botany n. 植物学→______________ adj. 植物学的
10. politic n. 政治学→______________ n. 从政者; 政治家; 政客
III.核心短语
1. ______________ 以(做)……为目的
2. ______________ 坚决要求
3. ______________ (正常使用造成的)磨损; 损耗
4. ______________ (开始)掌权; 上台
5. ______________ 担任; 任职
6. ______________ 总结; 概括
7. ______________ 进入僵局; 被卡住
8. ______________ 偶然; 意外地
9. ______________ 导致, 通向
10. ______________ 经得起; 抵抗; 勇敢地面对
IV.经典句式
1. 句型公式: 关系副词引导非限制性定语从句
In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, _____________________________________- (在那里疟疾较为普遍), to study malaria patients.
2. 句型公式: 关系代词引导非限制性定语从句
Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, _____________________________________-(大部分受试患者都康复了).
3. 句型公式: 动名词与动词不定式作动词宾语的区别
They then _____________________________________- (试着把新鲜的青蒿煮沸), and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either.
4. 句型公式: upon/on doing sth. 当……时
_____________________________________- that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. ”
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时, 她说: “荣誉不只是属于我自己的。”
参考答案
Ⅰ. 核心单词
1. vital adj. 必不可少的; 极其重要的; 充满生机的
2. defeat n. 失败; 挫败vt. 击败; 战胜
3. evaluate vt. 评价; 评估
4. acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等); (公开)感谢
5. encounter vt. 偶然碰到; 遇到n. 邂逅; 遭遇
6. obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得; 赢得
vi. (规章、习俗等)存在; 流行
7. extraordinary adj. 不一般的; 非凡的; 意想不到的
8. commit vt. 承诺; 保证(某个人、机构等)
vi. 忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
9. infer vt. 推断; 推定
10. circumstance n. 条件; 环境; 状况
Ⅱ. 拓展单词
1. distinct adj. 清晰的; 清楚的; 有区别的→distinction n. 差别
2. novel n. (长篇)小说→novelist n. 小说家
3. commit vt. 承诺; 保证(某个人、机构等)vi. 忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj. 尽心尽力的; 坚定的; 坚信的 →commitment n. 承诺; 交托; 信奉
4. conclude v. 得出结论, 结束; 终止→conclusion n. 结论; 推论
5. apparent adj. 显而易见的; 显然的; 表面上的→ apparently adv. 显而易见; 看来; 显然
6. science n. 科学→scientist n. 科学家→scientific adj. 科学(上)的; 关于科学的
7. academy n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院; 学会; 专科院校→ academic adj. 学业的; 学术的
8. object n. 物体; 对象; 客体→objective n. 目标; 目的 adj. 客观的
9. botany n. 植物学→botanical adj. 植物学的
10. politic n. 政治学→politician n. 从政者; 政治家; 政客
III.核心短语
1. with the objective of (doing) 以(做)……为目的
2. insist on 坚决要求
3. wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损; 损耗
4. come to power (开始)掌权; 上台
5. take up a position 担任; 任职
6. sum up 总结; 概括
7. get stuck 进入僵局; 被卡住
8. by chance 偶然; 意外地
9. lead to 导致, 通向
10. stand up to 经得起; 抵抗; 勇敢地面对
IV.经典句式
1. 句型公式: 关系副词引导非限制性定语从句
In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common (在那里疟疾较为普遍), to study malaria patients.
2. 句型公式: 关系代词引导非限制性定语从句
Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered(大部分受试患者都康复了).
3. 句型公式: 动名词与动词不定式作动词宾语的区别
They then tried boiling fresh wormwood (试着把新鲜的青蒿煮沸), and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either.
4. 句型公式: upon/on doing sth. 当……时
Upon/On hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. ”
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时, 她说: “荣誉不只是属于我自己的。”选修性必修一 Unit 1 People of Achievement
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷) But she insists ________ us eating healthy food.
2. (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family — and that’s pretty ________(power).
3. (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats ________(stick) miles from the sea.
4. (2020· 天津高考) I don’t know what made me decide to try some new activities at the new school, but one day I ________ (chance)to show up for an after-school meeting of the Science Olympiad team.
5. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ) This is quite important, because it is directly related to your ________(commit).
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. The insurance policy does not cover damage ___________________________
保险单内容不包括正常使用所导致的损坏。
2. ___________________________, the young man jumped with worry.
一听到喊救命的声音, 这个年轻人就担忧地跳起来。(用on/upon doing)
3. They went to London, ___________________________.
他们去了伦敦, 在那里他们生活了六个月。(用非限制性定语从句)
4. He said that he had never seen her before, ___________________________.
他说他以前从来没有见过她, 这不是事实。(用非限制性定语从句)
5. Eating too much sugar can ___________________________.
吃过多的糖会引起健康问题。
Ⅲ. 语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)
This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has 1. _____________(award) to Tu Youyou (co-winner), 2. _____________ research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new 3. _____________ (treat)for malaria. Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100, 000 lives a year in Africa alone.
Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and 4. _____________(graduate) from Peking University Medical School in 1955. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the 5. _____________ (object) of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was 6. _____________ the first researchers chosen. From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.
One medical text from the fourth century suggested 7. _____________ (use)the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. Tu’s team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect. They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid 8. _____________ (obtain)from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. Their project got stuck. She then concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood 9. _____________ (apparent)destroyed its medical properties.
After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971. Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on
10. _____________(they) to make sure that it was safe. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country. ”
IV.阅读理解
A
When Millet was a boy he worked on his needy father’s farm. At the rest hour in the fields the other workers would all take naps, but young Millet would spend time drawing. Finally the village where he lived gave him a little money to Paris to study art.
When Millet reached Paris he had a tough time. Fortunately, when he was almost starving someone bought one of his peasant paintings, which enabled his family to leave for Barbizon.
Millet’s pictures of peasants at work were painted in a unique way. The painter would go out on the farms and watch them carefully—digging, hoeing, spreading manure, sawing wood, or sowing grain. Then he would come home and paint what he had seen. So astonishingly accurate was his memory that he could paint at home without models and get all the movements of his figures right. When he did need a figure to go by he would ask his wife to pose for him.
One of his noted artworks is called “The Sower”, which shows a man seeding. He reaches into his bag for seed and then swings backward to scatter the seed, and with each swing of his hand the sower strides forward. In Millet’s picture the sower has been working hard, but his swinging step and arm still move smoothly, like a machine. Only the man’s head reveals his great tiredness.
Another masterpiece is called “The Gleaners”. A gleaner is someone picking up the leftover in the field after the wheat harvest. When farmers near Barbizon are extremely badly-off, even the little the gleaners can find is a help. You can see from Millet’s picture what back-breaking work gleaning must be.
1. What do we know about Millet
A. His wife supported him to be a painter.
B. He was keen on painting as a kid.
C. He spent his whole life in Barbizon.
D. He was brought up in Paris.
2. How did he paint the laboring farmers
A. Asking models for help.
B. Imagining figures in the field.
C. Remembering what he had observed.
D. Recalling the days on his father’s farm.
3. What do Millet’s works convey
A. The farmers’ hardships.
B. The scene of farming.
C. His love for the village.
D. His anxiety about the farmers.
4. What painting style of Millet can be inferred from the text
A. Impressionistic. B. Abstract.
C. Romantic. D. Realistic.
B
Want to be more successful If so, then you need to read a few self-help books. Here are four popular ones to get you going.
59 Seconds(2009)—by Richard Wiseman
This is a self-help book with a difference. Wiseman, a scientist, uses science to prove many self-help myths(神话)are false. For example, self-help books say that if you want to achieve a goal, you should visualize it. But Wiseman says that’s the worst thing to do. Studies show that you need to visualize the steps required to achieve the goal.
How to Win Friends& Influence People(1936)—by Dale Carnegie
This is the book that launched the self-help type. Carnegie says financial success is 15% professional knowledge and 85% the ability to express ideas, assume leadership, and motivate people. The book is full of practical advice on how to influence people by making them like you.
The Millionaire Next Door(1996)—by Thomas Stanley &William Danko
The authors of this book spent years interviewing American millionaires to figure out the secrets of their success. And they discovered that a majority of millionaires don’t live luxury lifestyles. They’re rich because they live below their means and reinvest what they earn.
Who Moved My Cheese (1998)—by Spencer Johnson
Who Moved My Cheese An amazing way to deal with change in your work and in your life, published on September 8, 1998, is a motivational business fable(寓言). The text describes change in one’s work and life, and four typical reactions to those changes by two mice and two “little people”, during their hunt for cheese.
5. What is the key to achieving success in 59 Seconds
A. To employ science.
B. To follow examples.
C. To picture procedures.
D. To visualize the goal.
6. What is Dale Carnegie’s book mainly about
A. How to master occupational knowledge.
B. How to apply practical techniques.
C. How to gain strong management.
D. How to become popular persons.
7. Which book can help you adapt to change in your life
A. 59 Seconds
B. Who Moved My Cheese
C. The Millionaire Next Door
D. How to Win Friends& Influence People
V. 完形填空
G ran Kropp was a Swedish adventurer and mountaineer. In 1972, at the age of six, with his father’s help, he 1 Galdhopiggen, the highest mountain in Northern Europe. Twenty-four years later, he stood on the highest peak in the world, Mount Qomolangma. His journey to the 2 shows just how independent, persistent (坚持的), and determined this 3 man is.
While most people arrive at the foothills of Mount Qomolangma by some sort of modern 4 , Kropp bicycled 8, 000 miles from his home in Sweden. Traveling by bike was not 5 . He stopped many times to 6 his bike because rough roads caused mechanical problems for him. In addition, he was run after by dogs, stung by hornets (马蜂) and was caught in the rain several times before he 7 the base of the mountain.
Kropp 8 to climb Mount Qomolangma the same way he traveled to the mountain: without the 9 of others and without modern conveniences. Unlike other mountaineers, Kropp climbed the mountain without a guide or helper. He did not 10 bottled oxygen to help him breathe at high altitudes, and he carried all of his 11 himself in a pack that weighed about 140 pounds.
It took Kropp two tries to reach the top of Mount Qomolangma. The first time, he had to 12 only 350 feet from the top because the weather was too dangerous. Just a few days earlier, at that same level eight climbers had 13 because of a sudden snowstorm in the mountain. He felt deep sorrow for them, but became more 14 . The mountaineer waited out the storm, rested, and tried again a few days later. This time, he was 15 . After he walked down the mountain, he got back on his bike and rode the 8, 000 miles back to Sweden.
1. A. heard of B. dreamed of C. saw D. climbed
2. A. top B. country C. area D. valley
3. A. outstanding B. generous C. modest D. honest
4. A. design B. vehicle C. theory D. material
5. A. boring B. easy C. tiring D. busy
6. A. lock B. ride C. repair D. find
7. A. left B. reached C. discovered D. toured
8. A. chose B. refused C. agreed D. hated
9. A. presence B. approval C. assistance D. knowledge
10. A. gather B. order C.share D. bring
11. A. medicines B. food C. clothes D. equipment
12. A. go on B. get up C. set out D. turn back
13. A. slipped B. wandered C. died D. hurt
14. A. astonished B. determined C. satisfied D. discouraged
15. A. thoughtful B. successful C. doubtful D. meaningful
VI. 语法填空
Yu Rong, a Chinese artist, thinks of a new way to introduce 1. ______ ancient story of Hua Mulan in her picture book. In the book, I am Hua Mulan, she tells the story by 2. __________ (combine) paper-cutting with international artistic styles. She places Shaanxi paper-cuts over western-style pencil sketches (素描) 3. __________ (create) a typical presentation of Chinese elements (元素), which turns out to be a 4. __________ (success) and impressive breakthrough.
Hua Mulan, 5. __________ story has been told by generations in China, is a fighter from the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534). As a devoted daughter, she dressed herself as a man to serve in the army 6. __________ place of her father. Mulan’s characteristics, such as courage, kindness and a disinterested attitude toward fame and fortune, made 7. __________ (she) one of the most respected historical Chinese heroines. Mulan’s story has been adapted 8. __________ ( frequent) in modern media, including TV shows, video games and literature. For example, in 1998, Disney produced a film named Mulan, which 9. __________ (consider) a great success by critics and the public.
To better tell the story, Yu Rong takes inspiration from her several 10. _______ (visit) to sites of ancient battles and Henan Province’s Yuju Opera. After years of preparation she finally makes this extraordinary work.
VII.七选五
The Types to Live Below Your Full Potential
Human potential is unlimited, but unfortunately, many do not use their true potential. 1 Here are some types to live below your true potential.
Let yourself be affected by minor issues.
Sometimes we may be affected by small issues. 2 One way to check if something is worth thinking over is to ask yourself this question: “Will this matter in one year’s time ” If not, then it’s probably not worth your energy to think about these things. Focus on things that do matter in the long run instead.
Blame others for your difficulty.
Is there anything you’re blaming others for in your life 3 For example, if you blame your parents for your obesity, you’ll continue to remain obese because in your mind they are the reason why you’re obese. You’ll never have the power to change the situation until you take responsibility for it.
Try to do everything by yourself.
Are you someone who likes to do everything yourself So do I, but over the years I’ve realized that this prevents me from achieving more. 4 Start by removing the less important tasks and doing the more important ones, and you’ll notice a big difference.
5
Many people set small goals because they’re afraid to fail. Actually what they’re really afraid of is to realize what they’ve always had the power to achieve. So set your highest goals today. You should try to achieve them because they are what you deserve.
A. Set small goals.
B. Believe that you can make it.
C. You give others power over that part of your life.
D. While these emotions are normal, these issues often aren’t important in the long run.
E. Trying to do everything means you’re not able to do the higher level, important things.
F. Still worse, they waste it by carrying out tasks that are a poor use of their time and energy.
G. In fact, when you blame someone for what you’re going through, you refuse responsibility.
参考答案
Ⅰ. 1. But she insists on us eating healthy food.
2. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family — and that’s pretty powerful(power).
3. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck(stick) miles from the sea.
4.I don’t know what made me decide to try some new activities at the new school, but one day I chanced (chance)to show up for an after-school meeting of the Science Olympiad team.
5.This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment(commit).
Ⅱ.1. The insurance policy does not cover damage caused by normal wear and tear.
2. On/ Upon hearing a cry for help, the young man jumped with worry.
3. They went to London, where they lived for six months.
4. He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true.
5. Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.
Ⅲ.
This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has 1. been awarded(award) to Tu Youyou (co-winner), 2. whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new 3. treatment (treat)for malaria. Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100, 000 lives a year in Africa alone.
Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and 4. graduated(graduate) from Peking University Medical School in 1955. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the 5. objective (object) of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was 6. among the first researchers chosen. From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.
One medical text from the fourth century suggested 7. using (use)the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. Tu’s team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect. They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid 8. obtained (obtain)from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. Their project got stuck. She then concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood 9. apparently (apparent)destroyed its medical properties.
After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971. Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on
10. themselves(they) to make sure that it was safe. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country. ”
IV.
A
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了著名画家Millet从小就喜欢画画, 他的画作主要描绘了农民劳动时的场景。他通过记住他所观察到的场景来描绘劳动的农民, 且Millet的作品传达了农民的艰辛。文章最后介绍了他的两幅作品。
1. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中When Millet was a boy he worked on his needy father’s farm. At the rest hour in the fields the other workers would all take naps, but young Millet would spend time drawing. 可知, 当Millet还是个孩子的时候, 他在他父亲的农场工作。在田间休息的时候, 其他的工人都会打盹, 但小Millet会花时间画画。由此可知, Millet从小就喜欢画画。故选B。
2. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段中The painter would go out on the farms and watch them carefully—digging, hoeing, spreading manure, sawing wood, or sowing grain. Then he would come home and paint what he had seen. 可知画家会到农场去, 看他们仔细地挖土、锄地、撒肥料、锯木头或者播种, 然后他回到家, 把他所看到的画出来。由此可知, 他通过记住他所观察到的场景来描绘劳动的农民。故选C。
3. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中 In Millet’s picture the sower has been working hard, but his swinging step and arm still move smoothly, like a machine. Only the man’s head reveals his great tiredness. 可知在Millet的画中, 播种者一直在努力工作, 但他摆动的步伐和手臂仍然流畅地移动, 像一台机器, 只有这个男人的头部显露出他极度的疲惫。以及最后一段中You can see from Millet’s picture what back-breaking work gleaning must be. 可知从Millet的画中可以看出, 拾穗是一项多么累人的工作。由此可推知, Millet的作品传达了农民的艰辛。故选A。
4. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容可知, Millet通过观察劳动的农民来进行作画, 以及最后两段描述了Millet作品中农民耕作时现实的形象, 由此可推知, Millet的绘画风格是现实主义的。impressionistic 印象派; abstract 抽象派; romantic浪漫主义; realistic现实主义。故选D。
B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向读者介绍了几本自助书, 并对这些书的内容进行了简要的说明。
5. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据59 Seconds (2009)—by Richard Wiseman介绍的内容, Studies show that you need to visualize the steps required to achieve the goal. 研究表明, 你需要把实现目标所需的步骤形象化。由此可知, 在 59 Seconds这本书中, 成功的关键是需要将做事的步骤形象化, 结合其他选项, 可知选C。
6. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据How to Win Friends& Influence People (1936)—by Dale Carnegie介绍的内容, The book is full of practical advice on how to influence people by making them like you. 这本书充满了如何通过让人们喜欢你来影响他们的一些非常实用的建议。由此可知, Dale Carnegie的书主要描述的是让人如何变得受欢迎, 所以选D。
7. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据Who Moved My Cheese (1998)—by Spencer Johnson介绍的内容, 《谁动了我的奶酪 》是1998年9月8日出版的一本关于你工作和生活中的变化令人惊叹的商业寓言。该书描述了一个人工作和生活中的变化, 以及两只老鼠和两个“小人物”在寻找奶酪时对这些变化的四种典型反应。由此可知, Who Moved My Cheese 能够帮助你适应你生活中的变化, 故选B。
V. 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了瑞典探险家G ran Kropp在六岁时便在父亲的帮助下登上北欧最高峰Galdhopiggen; 二十四年后, 他登上了世界最高峰——珠穆朗玛峰。
1. 【解析】选D。根据上文“G ran Kropp was a Swedish adventurer and mountaineer”可知, G ran Kropp是瑞典探险家和登山者; 并结合该句语境可知, 他在六岁时, 在父亲的帮助下登上北欧最高峰Galdhopiggen。
2. 【解析】选A。根据空前一句可知, 在二十四年后, 他登上了世界最高峰珠穆朗玛峰; 由此可知, 他登上世界之顶的壮举展示了他独立、坚韧不拔的精神。
3. 【解析】选A。上文提到他登上了世界最高峰, 故可推知他是一个杰出的人。outstanding意为“杰出的”。
4. 【解析】选B。根据该句中的“While most people arrive at the foothills of Mount Qomolangma by some sort of modern ______, Kropp bicycled 8, 000 miles from his home in Sweden”可知, 尽管大部分人是通过一些现代车辆(vehicle)来到珠穆朗玛峰山脚下的, 但是Kropp是从瑞典的家里骑行八千英里来到珠穆朗玛峰山脚下。
5.【解析】选B。根据常识和下文中的“He stopped many times to ______his bike”可知, 骑行去珠穆朗玛峰山脚下是不容易的。
6. 【解析】选C。根据下文中的“because rough roads caused mechanical problems for him” 可知, 由于崎岖的道路引发自行车机械故障, 所以他不得不多次停下来修理自行车。
7. 【解析】选B。此处表示在抵达山脚下之前, 他被狗追赶, 被马蜂蜇, 数次被困在雨中。
8. 【解析】选A。根据下文中的“without the______ of others and without modern conveniences”可知, Kropp选择了他到山脚的同样的方式去攀登山峰, 即没有别人以及现代化设备的帮助。
9. 【解析】选C。这里指“没有别人以及现代化设备的帮助”。
10. 【解析】选D。根据语境可知, 他没有带氧气瓶帮助自己在高山上呼吸。
11.【解析】选D。根据该句中的“he carried all of his ______himself in a pack that weighed about 140 pounds. ”可知, 他用一个大背包自带所有设备, 总重大概140磅。
12. 【解析】选D。根据该句中的“because the weather was too dangerous” 可知, 第一次登山时, 由于天气太危险, 他不得不在离山顶只有350英尺的地方折回。D意为“折回”, 故D正确。A意为“继续”; B意为“起身”; C意为“出发”。
13. 【解析】选C。根据语境并结合该句内容可知, 数天前, 由于在珠穆朗玛峰相同的高度突然发生暴风雪, 八名登山者死亡。故C正确。A意为“滑落”; B意为“徘徊”; D意为“伤害(感情), 伤心”。
14.【解析】选B。根据下文中的“. . . tried again a few days later”可知, 等暴风雪停止, 数天后他又一次开始登山。由此可知, 虽然他为故去的登山者感到悲伤, 但是他变得更加坚定了。
15. 【解析】选B。根据下文中的“After he walked down the mountain”可知, 这次他成功地登上了珠穆朗玛峰。
VI. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国艺术家郁蓉创作的中国元素图画书《我是花木兰》。
1. 【解析】the。此处指关于花木兰的古老故事, 表示特指, 用定冠词, 故填the。
2. 【解析】combining。考查非谓语动词。介词后应用动词-ing 形式, 故填combining。
3. 【解析】to create。考查非谓语动词。此处需用动词不定式表示目的, 故填to create。
4. 【解析】successful。and连接并列结构, 后面是形容词impressive(印象深刻的), 空格处需填successful, 一起修饰breakthrough。
5. 【解析】whose。考查定语从句。花木兰是先行词, 在定语从句中作story的定语, 故填whose。
6. 【解析】in。in place of是固定短语, 意为“替代”, 故填in。
7. 【解析】her。动词后用代词的宾格, 故填her。
8. 【解析】frequently。修饰动词adapted, 应用副词, 故填frequently。
9. 【解析】was considered。which指代a film, 与consider之间为被动关系, 再结合时间状语“in 1998”可知用一般过去时的被动语态, 故填was considered。
10. 【解析】visits。several后应接可数名词复数, 故填visits。
VII.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了生活中四种常见的埋没潜能的生活方式。
1. 【解析】选F。第一段“人类的潜能是无限的, 但不幸的是, 许多人无法发挥所有的潜能”与F项“更加糟糕的是, 他们把发挥的潜能放在一些浪费时间和精力的工作上”, 上下文衔接, 符合文意。
2. 【解析】选D。第二段“有些时候我们也许会被一些小事影响”与D项“虽然产生这些情绪是正常的, 可是从长远来看, 这些事情通常并不重要”前后衔接, 符合文意。
3. 【解析】选G。第三段“譬如, 当你责怪你父母导致了你的肥胖, 你还会继续这么胖下去, 因为你认为他们才是导致你肥胖的原因”与G项“事实上, 当你责怪了别的人或者别的东西, 你就在拒绝承担责任”, 逻辑一致, 符合文意, 故选G。
4. 【解析】选E。第四段“通过把一些不重要的事情移出你的计划, 做更重要的事情, 你会发现你的结果会产生很大的变化”与E项“尝试做所有事情意味着你不能做更高水准、更重要的事情”语意表达上一致, 符合文意。
5. 【解析】选A。根据第五段“许多人喜欢设立小的目标, 因为他们害怕失败”及下文的描述可知, A项“设立小目标”概括准确, 符合文意。(共39张PPT)
选修性必修一 Unit 1 People of Achievement
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. vital adj. 必不可少的; 极其重要的; 充满生机的
【教材原句】
Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100, 000 lives a year in Africa alone. (P2)
青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分, 被认为仅在非洲一年就能挽救10万人的生命。
【词块必记】
be vital to/for. . . 对……极其重要
It is vital to do sth. 做某事很重要
It’s vital that. . . …… 极为重要
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①Tourism is vital _____ the Spanish economy.
②It is vital ____ we should be kept informed of all developments.
完成句子
③Confronted with such a __________________________, he looked as cool as a
cucumber.
面对着这样重大的生死问题, 他的神态却异常冷静。
④The government saw _____________________________________.
政府认为引进新技术至关重要。
for/to
that
vital problem of life and death
the introduction of new technology as vital
2. commit vt. 承诺; 保证(某个人、机构等)vi. 忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
【教材原句】
Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. (P2)
屠呦呦是一位坚定而耐心的科学家, 1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波, 1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。
【词块必记】
(1)commit oneself to (doing) sth. 承诺(做)某事
commit a crime/a mistake 犯罪/犯错误
commit. . . to. . . 投入……于……
(2)committed adj. 尽心尽力的, 坚定的; 坚信的
be committed to (doing) sth. 承诺(做)某事
(3)commitment n. 投入; 奉献; 承诺; 保证
make a commitment to (doing) sth. 承诺(做)某事
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①He __________(commit) suicide(自杀) rather than sell out to the enemy.
②He didn’t commit himself __ anything.
③They committed a crime ___ innocent citizens.
④He committed _______(he)to doing it immediately.
⑤They require a bigger ___________(commit) than smaller ones, and they have a
more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.
committed
to
on
himself
commitment
完成句子
⑥The girl _______________the care of an aunt.
这女孩被交给姨母照顾。
⑦_____________________, and there is no way to draw back.
我既然已经作出了承诺, 就没有后退的余地。
was committed to
I have committed myself
3. acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等); (公开)感谢
【典型例句】
We hope you can acknowledge your mistake in public.
我们希望你能当众认错。
【词块必记】
acknowledge having done sth. 承认做了某事
acknowledge that 承认……
acknowledge to be 认为是……
It is generally/widely acknowledged that. . . 普遍认为……
acknowledge one’s belief/fault 承认信仰/错误
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①At the meeting they _____________ (acknowledge)the need for reform.
②We are sending you some money in ________________ (acknowledge) of your
valuable help.
③It is widely acknowledged ____ nearly every kid might come across some kind of
school bullying, however, the age at which kids first fall victim to bullying can
influence how strongly they are affected.
acknowledged
acknowledgement
that
Ⅱ. 核心短语
4. come to power (开始)掌权; 上台
【教材原句】
Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany. Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him. (P8)
1933年, 希特勒在德国上台后, 情况发生了变化。爱因斯坦是犹太人, 他发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了。
【词块必记】
have power over 控制, 支配
have no power over 没有支配权
beyond one’s power 某人力所不及
【易混辨析】
power泛指“力”, 可指身体的或心理的, 外在的或潜在的, 具体的或抽象的。force指“武力; 暴力”, 往往意味着克服阻力。strength意为“力量; 力气”, 多指人体或物体内存的能力。
【知识微练】
单句语法填空
①It’s _______his power means he has no power to do it.
②He has power ____many people’s lives and property.
完成句子
③ Some animals _____________to see in the dark.
有些动物具有在黑暗中看见东西的本领。
④You must ________to open that bottle.
你必须用力打开那个瓶子。
beyond
over
have the power
use force
⑤I __________________to lift this table.
我没有力气抬起这张桌子。
⑥There is some difficulty in guessing who will _________________in the US in
2024.
很难猜测谁将在2024年执掌美国政权。
haven’t the strength
come to/into power
Ⅲ. 经典句式
5. This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria. 今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者), 她的研究促使了青蒿素的发现。这是一种至关重要的治疗疟疾的新疗法。
【典型例句】
Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered.
后来, 这种药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试, 大部分受试患者都康复了。
【句型公式】
非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容, 或先行词的补充、解释或附加说明。主句与先行词或从句之间一般用逗号分开, 常常单独翻译。没有它, 主句意思仍然完整。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as, which, who, whom, whose等, 作定语从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语。
【误区释疑】
非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导, 由“介词+关系代词”引导时, 其中的关系代词不能用as, 非限制性定语从句置于句首时, 不能用which引导。关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活, 可以放在主句前, 也可以放在主句后。
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①I like the book, ______ was bought yesterday.
②He bought the car for more than $20, 000 ____ which his father was angry.
③Do you know Tom, ______ we talked about
④The drama, ______ style is humorous, is typical of the period.
完成句子
⑤She heard a terrible noise, ___________________________________.
她听到一个可怕的声音, 这让她把心都提到嗓子眼了。
which
with
whom
whose
which brought her heart into her mouth
⑥China has thousands of islands, __________________________.
中国有数千个岛屿, 其中最大的是台湾岛。
⑦The weather turned out to be very good, ________________________________.
天气转晴了, 这是我们没有预料到的。
the largest of which is Taiwan
which was more than we could expect
【补充要点】
1. crucial adj. 至关重要的; 关键性的
【典型例句】
Her work has been crucial to the project’s success.
她的工作对项目的成功至关重要。
【词块必记】
be crucial to/for. . . 对……至关重要
play a crucial part in/role in. . . 在……中起至关重要的作用
【知识微练】 完成句子
①My father cracked down on him ______________(关键时刻)in his life.
②To our minds, capital construction is a fundamental task ____________________
_______.
在我们看来, 基本建设是百年大计。
③Money ___________________(在……中起着关键性的作用)the administration
and development of libraries.
at a crucial time
crucial for generations
to come
plays a crucial role in
2. defeat n. 失败; 挫败vt. 击败; 战胜
【教材原句】
However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. (P2)
然而, 屠呦呦并不承认失败。
【词块必记】
suffer a defeat 遭受失败
acknowledge defeat 承认失败
【误区释疑】beat与defeat都是“战胜, 打败”的意思, 它们的宾语必须是人或一个集体; 但defeat尤其指在战场上打败敌人, beat多指在游戏比赛中战胜对方。现在英语中也经常换用。
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①He was depressed ___ his defeat.
②The naval captain ________ (defeat)Napoleon in the battle of Trafalgar in 1805,
and stopped him from invading England.
③It was a sound strategy ________(defeat) the enemy.
完成句子
④____________________________to the enemy.
这次失败是对敌人的有力打击。
by
defeated
to defeat
This defeat was a powerful blow
3. insist on 坚决要求
【教材原句】
Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. (P3)屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在自己身上测试药物, 以确保它是安全的。
【词块必记】
insist on doing sth. 坚持做某事
persist in (doing)sth. 坚持(做)某事
keep up sth. 坚持
stand on sth. 坚持
stick to(doing)sth. 坚持(做)某事
【误区释疑】insist接that从句, 用“(should+)动词原形”只表示坚持要, 是一种建议。如果表示坚持说, 坚持认为某个事实, 则不用虚拟形式。
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①He insisted ___ his correctness.
②He insisted on ________ (check)every item.
③Reporter should stick __ investigating the facts.
on
checking
to
完成句子
④They insisted that ______________________________.
他们坚决要求每人都要来参加晚会。
⑤He insisted that ______________.
他极力说他是无辜的。
⑥He insisted on _________________.
他坚持要付饭钱。
⑦We must ______________till it is finished.
我们必须继续工作, 直到做好为止。
everyone should come to the party
he was innocent
paying for the meal
stick to our task
4. take up a position 担任; 任职
【典型例句】
He left to take up a new position with another company.
他离职后在另一家公司谋得了一个新职位。
【词块必记】
take up 占用(空间或时间); 开始从事; 接受
take in 接受; 吸收; 理解; 注意到; 欺骗
take on 披上; 呈现; 具有; 雇用; 承担
take over 接收; 接管
take off 拿掉; 取消; 脱衣; 起飞
take after (面貌、言行)像(长辈)
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①Excuse me for taking ___ so much of your time.
②Law will protect the girl taken __ and sold by the abductor.
③He’s spoken to a publishing company. They’re going to take him ___.
④Our chairman has left, so Peter will take ____ his job.
完成句子
⑤He’s going out to Korea soon to __________________________.
他很快就要到朝鲜去担任一个重要职务。
⑥He ___________________without any hesitation.
他毫不犹豫地接受了这个挑战。
up
in
over
on
take up an important position
took up the challenge
5. They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. 然后, 他们试着把新鲜的青蒿煮沸, 并用从中提取的液体来治疗疟疾, 但这也不起作用。
【典型例句】 I tried gardening but didn’t succeed.
我试着种果木花卉, 但未成功。
【句型公式】
(1)try to do试图做→try doing试着做
(2)mean to do 打算做→ mean doing 意味着
(3)regret to do 为将要说的话或做的事表示遗憾→regret doing为做过的事表示遗憾
(4)forget to do 忘记去做→forget doing 忘记做过
(5)remember to do 记得要做某事→remember doing 记得做过某事
(6)stop to do 停下来做(另一件事)→stop doing 停止做某事
(7)go on to do 接着做(另一件事情)→go on doing 继续做同一件事情
【知识微练】 完成句子
①To raise wage means _________________________.
增加工资意味着增加购买力。
②I’ll try __________so that he won’t be disappointed in me.
我要努力做得更好, 免得他对我失望。
③Children should try __________by themselves.
孩子们应该试着自己吃食物。
increasing purchasing power
to do better
eating food
④I regret _________that you can’t pass the examination.
我很遗憾地通知你, 你不能通过这次考试。
⑤It’s raining hard, but the farmers _____________on the farm.
虽然天正下着大雨, 但农民们继续在农场干活。
to tell you
go on working
IV.话题写作
你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请你以值得尊敬和爱戴的科学家钟南山为题, 写一篇短文参赛, 内容包括:
1. 人物简介;
2. 尊敬和爱戴的原因。
注意:
注意: 1. 词数80个左右;
2. 短文题目和首尾句已为你写好, 不计入总词数。
A Respectable Scientist
Zhong Nanshan, one of the famous medical scientists in the 21st century, was born in October 1936 in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province._________________________
____________________________________________________________________
We are called on to learn from him and devote ourselves to scientific research.
Step 1 写作技巧
1. 词汇提升(坚持短语句式优先原则)
Then he entered Beijing Medical College and graduated in 1960.
→Then he ________________Beijing Medical College and graduated in 1960.
2. 句式多变(适当使用从句, 丰富句式结构)
His hard work, perseverance, selflessness and great achievement make me respect
him very much.
→____his hard work, perseverance, selflessness and great achievement ____ make
me respect him very much.
was admitted into
It is
that
3. 逻辑严谨(按照时间顺序行文, 使短文衔接严密)
1936, 1960, 2003, 2004, 2019
Step 2 妙笔成篇
A Respectable Scientist
Zhong Nanshan, one of the famous medical scientists in the 21st century, was born in October 1936 in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. Then he was admitted into Beijing Medical College and graduated in 1960.
In 2003, Zhong Nanshan and his team succeeded in overcoming the SARS epidemic, which caused him to be awarded one of the top ten people moving China in 2004.
In 2019, he took an active part in the battle against COVID-19 without hesitation. He got the “Order of Republic”, China’s highest honor, for his outstanding work. He has been working in the medical field for over 60 years.
It is his hard work, perseverance, selflessness and great achievement that make me respect him very much. We are called on to learn from him and devote ourselves to scientific research.选择性必修第一册Unit 1综合能力检测
第一部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Online Events at Natural History Museum in December
Dinosaur Activities for Families
Catch up on our Nature Live Program and find out everything about dinosaurs with Museum scientist Paul Barrett. You can learn to bake tasty biscuits with footprint-shaped holes. You can also follow our simple instructions to draw a cartoon T-Rex and read on to find out how artists bring dinosaurs to life with their pictures.
Dates: All day and every day.
The Science of Whale Earwax
What can a whale’s earwax tell us about its life, health and the quality of the oceans over many decades Join Museum researcher Richard Sabin to discover some of the fascinating ways we study whales, and how vital museum collections are in helping us to understand and conserve these amazing animals.
Date: December 28 (12: 00—12: 45)
Darwin’s Fossils
Join Museum scientist Lorna Steel to discover how Darwin’s study of fossils shaped his scientific thinking. You can ask questions while the talk is happening. Head to the video on YouTube and type your questions into the chat box during the broadcast.
Date: December 24 (10: 30—11: 15)
Love Naturally
Attracting a mate can be a tricky business for any species. How can birds do it Have a night with Lates Online. Take a drink, turn on your computer, and join researcher Juan Camilo on the Friday of every week. You can explore the wilder side of dating. And you can rewatch past Lates Online events on the Museum’s YouTube channel.
Time: From 19: 30.
1. What can you learn to do in the Dinosaur Activities for Families
A. Make a dinosaur cartoon.
B. Preserve dinosaur footprints.
C. Bake dinosaur footprint cookies.
D. Make a sculpture of dinosaur.
2. How can you raise your questions about Darwin’s Fossils
A. Asking orally face to face.
B. Entering your questions in the chat box.
C. Mailing your questions to the museum.
D. Broadcasting your questions in the chat room.
3. Who can you join if you want to watch birds dating
A. Paul Barrett. B. Lorna Steel.
C. Juan Camilo. D. Richard Sabin.
B
Joseph Lister, born in 1827 in England, was best known as a popular British surgeon and a pioneer of antiseptic(抗菌的)surgery. As a child, Lister attended a Quaker school, where he became very fluent in French and German. These two languages were the leading languages in medical research.
He later entered University College London. At first, he studied botany(植物学). After this, he became a registered medical student and managed to graduate with honors. At 26, he entered the Royal College of Surgeons. Lister became an assistant of James Syme, a surgeon at a university in Scotland.
In 1867, he invented the use of carbolic acid as antiseptic. This became the first widely used antiseptic in surgery. Before Lister’s research, many people believed chemical damage from exposures to bad air was the reason behind the infections in wounds. During this time, hospitals were at times letting air out during midday in order to prevent the spread on infections. However, hospitals also practiced surgery under some unsanitary conditions compared with present medical conditions, which exposed patients to great risks.
While at University of Glasgow, Lister heard about Louis Pasteur’s theory. Louis Pasteur suggested 3 methods to fight the micro-organism, filtration(过滤), exposure to chemical solutions and exposure to heat. Lister confirmed Pasteur’s theory with his own experiments. He decided to use these findings to create some antiseptic techniques for wounds, which led to the reduction in post-operative infections, making surgery safe for patients. He published his findings in The Lancet.
In 1881, Lister moved to London where he was appointed president of Clinical Society of London and died in 1892.
4. Where did Lister learn the languages necessary for his medical career
A. At a Quaker school.
B. At University of Glasgow.
C. In University College London.
D. In the Royal College of Surgeons.
5. What does the underlined word “unsanitary” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Safe. B. Comfortable.
C. Unlucky. D. Unhealthy.
6. How did Lister know Pasteur’s theory was reliable
A. By consulting some experts.
B. By checking some records.
C. By doing experiments himself.
D. By observing Pasteur’s experiments.
7. What was Lister’s contribution
A. Improving people’s eyesight.
B. Reducing infections after operations.
C. Making people feel more confident.
D. Lowering the costs of making operations.
C
Mary Anning was an English fossil collector, dealer and paleontologist(古生物学家). Her fossil-hunting helped change the way people thought about the world.
Mary was born into a poor family in England on May 21, 1799. She lived in the seaside town of Lyme Regis, in Dorset. The family had nine children. Only Mary and her brother Joseph grew up. Mary’s father took his children along the beach. They picked up shells and stones to sell to visitors. Mary did not go to school much. Her family was too poor. And schools did not teach children about fossils. Mary could read and write. She taught herself. She learned about rocks and how bodies are made.
In 1811 when Mary and Joseph were hunting fossil, Joseph saw a bone sticking out of the rock. Mary had a hammer to chip away at the rock. Very carefully she uncovered it. She found the first complete fossil of the ichthyosaur (鱼龙).
Since then, Mary became crazy about fossil hunting. She liked to hunt on the beach after a storm. The wind, rain and waves made the rocks crumble. It was easy to spot fossils. Most days Mary went fossil hunting with her dog, Tray.
Rich friends helped Mary by selling fossils for her. They sent her money. Scientists wrote letters and came to see her. One good friend was William Buckland, a professor at Oxford University. Mary also opened a shop to sell fossils, stones and shells. She chatted with visitors.
Mary Anning died in 1847. How evolution(进化)works was explained by Charles Darwin not long after Mary died. Her fossils had helped scientists understand how things began.
8. Why did Mary’s father take his children along the beach
A. To enjoy life.
B. To make a living.
C. To look for fossils.
D. To teach them about fossils.
9. What can we learn about Mary
A. Her father was a paleontologist.
B. Her father educated her at home.
C. She had nine brothers and sisters in all.
D. She might be popular at that time.
10. Who was the first one to catch sight of the rock containing the first complete ichthyosaur fossil
A. Charles Darwin. B. Mary’s dog.
C. Mary. D. Joseph.
11. What does the underlined word “crumble” in the fourth paragraph mean
A. break B. shake
C. float D. dive
D
Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco, there lives a bird that swims before it can fly, flies like a fat chicken, eats green leaves, has the stomach of a cow and has claws (爪) on its wings when young. They build their homes about 4. 6 m above the river, an important feature for the safety of the young. It is called the hoatzin.
In appearance, the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside. The head is small, with a large set of feathers on the top, bright red eyes, and blue skin. Its nearest relatives are the common birds, cuckoos. Its most striking feature, though, is only found in the young.
Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip. Using these four claws, together with the beak (喙), they can climb about in the bushes, looking very much like primitive (远古的) birds must have done. When the young hoatzins have learned to fly, they lose their claws.
During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds, but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.
12. What is the text mainly about
A. Hoatzins in dry and rainy seasons.
B. The relatives and enemies of hoatzins.
C. Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon.
D. The appearance and living habits of hoatzins.
13. Young hoatzins are different from their parents in that______.
A. they look like young cuckoos
B. they have claws on the wings
C. they eat a lot like a cow
D. they live on river banks
14. What can we infer about primitive birds from the text
A. They had claws to help them climb.
B. They could fly long distances.
C. They had four wings like hoatzins.
D. They had a head with long feathers on the top.
15. Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes
A. To find more food.
B. To protect themselves better.
C. To keep themselves warm.
D. To produce their young.
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Before you can commit to achieving a goal, you have to define what exactly your goal is. This is much harder than it may sound. It can take a lot of thoughts and considerations to find out what you want. 16
Try free writing to come up with ideas. If you’re having trouble coming up with a broad idea for your goal, try a free writing exercise. 17 You may find that your brain gets more creative when you’re not forcing it to come up with ideas.
Avoid goals based on external (外部的) factors. 18 Otherwise, you risk getting frustrated if you can’t complete your goal because of something that’s out of your control. For example, if your goal is to be the best player on your baseball team, and someone else ends up being better than you, you won’t be able to reach your goal.
Judge if your goal is sufficiently challenging but not impossible: 19 You shouldn’t, however, set goals that are so difficult that you get frustrated and stop.
20 It helps to set a date that you would like to achieve your goal by. This will help prevent you from putting off working on it. It will also help you track your progress by setting benchmarks (标准).
A. Break up your goal into sub-goals.
B. By taking the right steps, your process of deciding on a goal can get much easier.
C. Figure out why exactly you find this goal challenging.
D. Set up a timetable for your goal.
E. Generally, it is more effective to set goals that you have control over.
F. It involves simply writing down whatever comes to you with a specific question in mind.
G. Your goal should be challenging enough to keep you interested and give you a sense of accomplishment.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2021·滨州高二检测)
Some people got off the bus. New faces stepped on.
I was sitting there looking at the driver with respect. A thought 21 that I should tell him how much I 22 seeing his kindness, especially to the blind woman.
“No, that’s kind of random, ” a voice inside my head told me, as my 23 thought came up with all sorts of excuses. “You’re supposed to go out of the back door anyway, so you won’t have a 24 to go up and say anything to the bus driver. ”
I thought about it again and then I thought about all the small and 25 moments of kindness I have met in this community. There was no turning back. As the bus 26 my stop, I walked to the 27 of the bus. “Thank you so much for your kindness to that 28 woman. It was really nice to see. ” I offered. “Well, that’s really nice to hear. Thank you so much! It’s nice to know that someone 29 . My brother is deaf. So I have a special soft spot for people with 30 . ” he explained.
“Well, I really appreciated seeing it. It was 31 and made my day. ” I told him, smiling brightly. “Thank you. That really makes my day. ” he replied, with a 32 smile.
We talked a little more, and any wave of doubt completely 33 . I stepped off the bus a little later in relief. And it 34 me of a line I once came across: Feeling gratitude and not expressing it is like wrapping a present and not giving it.
Gratitude to have met such memorable stories of everyday 35 , and to be in contact with beautiful souls encourages me to speak out my inner voice in times of beauty.
21. A. took up B. pondered over C. popped up D. turned out
22. A. appreciated B. advised C. imagined D. reflected
23. A. abstract B. doubtful C. awkward D. believable
24. A. course B. chance C. routine D. sympathy
25. A. urgent B. tiresome C. moving D. depressive
26. A. approached B. departed C. passed D. missed
27. A. back B. front C. middle D. side
28. A. deaf B. lame C. blind D. elderly
29. A. noticed B. ignored C. adopted D. heard
30. A. skills B. disabilities C. morals D. diseases
31. A. discouraging B. awful C. puzzling D. inspiring
32. A. wide B. Reluctant C. bare D. bitter
33. A. flooded B. mixed C. stopped by D. melted away
34. A. warned B. thought C. reminded D. recalled
35. A. justice B. honesty C. devotion D. kindness
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
World-famous physicist Stephen Hawking has died at the age of 76. He died
36. ________ (peaceful) at his home in Cambridge in the early 37. ________ (hour) of Wednesday.
Hawking was known 38. __________ the public for his work with black holes and relativity, and wrote several popular science books including A Brief History of Time. At the age of 22, Prof. Hawking 39. __________ (give) only a few years to live after doctors declared that he suffered from a rare disease. The illness left him in a wheelchair and he was 40. __________ (able) to speak except through a voice synthesizer (合成器).
Prof. Hawking was the first 41. ________ (set) out a theory of cosmology (宇宙学) explained by a union of the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. He also discovered that black holes 42. __________ (leak) energy and fade to nothing—a phenomenon that would 43. ________ (late) become known as Hawking radiation. Through his work with mathematician Sir Roger Penrose, he proved that Einstein’s general theory of relativity suggests space and time would have a beginning in the Big Bang and 44. __________ end in black holes.
In a statement his children praised his “courage and persistence” and said his “brilliance and humour” inspired people across the world. They added, “He once said, ‘It would not be much of a universe 45. ________ it wasn’t home to the people you love. ’We will miss him forever. ”
第三部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华, 你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国历史很感兴趣, 并请你介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物, 请你给Jim回信, 内容包括:
1. 该人物是谁;
2. 该人物的主要贡献;
3. 该人物对你的影响。
注意: 1. 词数80左右;
2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Karie double-checked the words on her spelling test. If she got 100 marks today, she’d win her class’s First-Quarter Spelling Challenge and a brand new dictionary. Plus, Ms McCormack had promised to do a handstand if anyone got a perfect score.
Three more words to go. N-i-c-e-l-y. Q-u-i-c-k-l-y. H-o-n-e-s-t-y. Wait! She’d spelled honesty, not honestly. She hurriedly erased the t-y and wrote l-y before handing in her paper.
Ms McCormack graded the test papers at the break. Meanwhile, Karie sat restlessly in her seat with her fingers crossed. Then, Ms McCormack walked to the front of the room and cleared her throat. As if she were an Olympic gymnast, Ms McCormack’s feet flipped into the air.
“Congratulations, Karie! You did it! ” she announced.
The whole class burst into applause! Ms McCormack righted herself and presented Karie with her prize. Karie grinned as she read the label on the box :
To Karie Carter, for her perfect first-quarter score in spelling.
“Is everything OK ” Mom asked as Karie burst through the front door after school. Karie didn’t answer. As if by magic, she took out her spelling test paper and prize and showed them to her mother. Mom hugged her, asking her to put the test paper on the fridge so that Dad could see it when he got home.
Karie took another look at the test paper before putting it on the fridge. Her hands stopped in the mid air. She just couldn’t believe her own eyes. Honestly
Yes! H-o-n-e-s-l-y!
Mom sensed something unusual and asked why. Karie stuffed the test paper into her backpack and explained that she was just too excited. Mom brought her some tea. Yes, a “t” was exactly what she needed.
After drinking a little, Karie plodded down the hall, lost in thought. How could she tell the class she hadn’t earned the prize and that Ms McCormack did the handstand for nothing
注意: 续写词数应为150左右。
Later Dad came in with excitement.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
The next morning, Karie went to school earlier than usual.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
参考答案
第一部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
A
【文章大意】这是一篇应用文——广告。向大家介绍了Natural History Museum在十二月的几个线上活动。
1. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第一段第二句可知, 大家可以在这个活动中学会烘焙带有恐龙脚印形状孔的饼干。故选C。
2.【解析】选B。细节理解题。由第三段第二、三句可知, 在节目过程中可以提问, 在视频播放过程中把你的问题打字在聊天框内。故选B。
3.【解析】选C。细节理解题。读最后一段可知, 如果你想看鸟类约会, 你可以加入researcher Juan Camilo的活动中。故选C。
B
【文章大意】本文是记叙文, 主要介绍了Joseph Lister的生平以及他在医学方面的贡献。
4. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句可知李斯特小时候就读于Quaker学校, 在那里他的法语和德语非常流利。这两种语言是医学研究的主要语言。故选A。
5. 【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句“which exposed patients to great risks”(使病人处于巨大风险中)可知, 与目前的医疗条件相比, 医院在一些不卫生的条件下进行手术。所以unsanitary和unhealthy词义相同。故选D。
6. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段第三句“Lister confirmed Pasteur’s theory with his own experiments. ”(李斯特用自己的实验证实了巴斯德的理论。)可知, Lister用他自己的实验证实Pasteur的理论是可靠的。故选C。
7. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句可知李斯特决定利用这些发现为伤口创造一些抗菌的技术, 从而减少术后感染, 使手术对患者来说更加安全。故选B。
C
【文章大意】本文是一篇人物传记。短文叙述了英国化石收藏家、商人和古生物学家玛丽·安宁的故事。
8. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。由第二段“Mary was born into a poor family . . . visitors. ”可知, 1799年5月21日, 玛丽出生于英国一个贫穷的家庭。玛丽的父亲经常带着他的孩子们沿着海滩走。他们捡贝壳和石头卖给游客。所以玛丽的父亲带孩子们去海边是为了谋生。故选B。
9. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。由倒数第二段“ Scientists wrote . . . visitors”可知, 科学家写信要来拜访她。玛丽还开了一家商店出售化石、石头和贝壳, 且与到访的游客聊(一些关于化石的信息)。由此可判断出, 在那个时候她很有名, 很受欢迎。故选D。
10. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第三段“In 1811 when Mary and Joseph . . . rock. ”可知, 1811年, 当玛丽和约瑟夫在寻找化石时, 约瑟夫看到一根骨头从岩石中伸出来。所以约瑟夫是看到含有第一个完整鱼龙化石的人。故选D。
11.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。由第四段“She liked to hunt . . . fossils. 可知, 暴风雨过后她喜欢在海滩上寻找化石。风、雨、浪使岩石变得碎裂。很容易发现化石。所以通过上下文语境可以判断出第四段加下划线的单词是“破裂”break的意思。故选A。
D
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了生活在亚马孙地区的一种鸟——麝雉, 它们的外貌很漂亮, 幼鸟和成鸟的生活习性不同以及它们的繁殖习性。
12. 【解析】选D。主旨大意题。纵观全文, 文章主要讲的是hoatzin(麝雉)这种鸟类的外貌以及生活习性。
13. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段“. . . has claws on its wings when young”和第三段可知, 麝雉在幼年期它们的翅膀上有爪子, 而长大学会飞之后就没有了。
14. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。由第三段“Using these four claws, together with the beak, they can climb about in the bushes, looking very much like primitive birds must have done. ”可知, 它们的四个爪子和喙可以帮助它们爬行, 这非常像原始鸟类的做法。故推知原始鸟类有爪子。
15. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。由最后一段中的“. . . they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes. ”可知, 它们这样做的目的是繁育后代。
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了明确目标的方法。
16. 【解析】选B。根据上文可知要想知道你想要的是什么需要很多思考和考虑。又根据下文每段句首可知提到了明确的目标和步骤。B项: By taking the right steps, your process of deciding on a goal can get much easier. (通过采取正确的步骤, 你决定目标的过程会变得容易得多。)符合语境。故选B。
17. 【解析】选F。本段主要是要写出一些想法。F项: It involves simply writing down whatever comes to you with a specific question in mind. (它包括简单地写下你想到的任何东西, 在脑海里有一个具体的问题。)符合语境。故选F。
18. 【解析】选E。上文提到了避免目标受外部因素的影响, 即要设定能控制的目标。E项: Generally, it is more effective to set goals that you have control over. (一般来说, 设定你能控制的目标更有效。)符合语境。故选E。
19. 【解析】选G。根据上文内容“Judge if your goal is sufficiently challenging but not impossible”(判断你的目标是否足够具有挑战性, 但又不是不可能实现的。)可知, 空处指出应该要选具有挑战性的目标。G项: Your goal should be challenging enough to keep you interested and give you a sense of accomplishment. (你的目标应该有足够的挑战性, 让你保持兴趣, 并给你成就感。)符合语境。故选G。
20. 【解析】选D。本段主要讲述的是要为目标制定一个时间表。D项: Set up a timetable for your goal. (为你的目标制定一个时间表。)符合语境。故选D。
第二部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文, 主要讲述了作者在公交车上, 为司机对一个盲人的善举而感谢司机, 司机也因为作者的夸奖而感激, 这让作者想起曾经遇到的一句话: 心怀感激却不表达, 就像包装礼物却不送出去一样。鼓励人们对别人的善举说出内心的声音。
21. 【解析】选C。句意: 我突然想到, 我应该告诉他, 看到他的善良, 尤其是对那个失明的女人, 我是多么感激。 took up拿起; pondered over考虑; popped up突然出现; turned out结果是。根据前后文“A thought ______that I should tell him how much”可知指突然有了一个想法, 应用pop up。故选C。
22. 【解析】选A。根据后文“I really appreciated seeing it. ”可知作者感激司机对失明的女人的善举。故选A。
23. 【解析】选B。句意: “不, 那可能只是无意之举罢了, ”我脑子里一个声音告诉我, 随着我怀疑的想法出现了各种各样的借口。根据后文“all sorts of excuses”可知作者对自己有所怀疑。故选B。
24. 【解析】选B。句意: “反正你应该从后门出去, 所以你没有机会去对司机说什么。”根据“You’re supposed to go out of the back door anyway”可知作者从后门下车, 就没有机会和司机说话了。故选B。
25. 【解析】选C。句意: 我又想了一遍, 然后我想到了我在这个社区里遇到的所有小而感人的善良时刻。根据后文“moments of kindness I have met in this community”可知作者想到了自己在社区里遇到的感人的善良时刻。故选C。
26.【解析】选A。句意: 当公共汽车接近我下车的站点时, 我走到公共汽车的前面。根据后文“my stop”可知指公交车越来越靠近作者要下车的站点了, 故选A。
27. 【解析】选B。结合常识可知, 司机在公交车的前面, 所以作者走到前面和司机道谢。故选B。
28. 【解析】选C。句意: 非常感谢你对那个失明的女人的帮助。呼应第二段中“especially to the blind woman”司机帮助了盲人。故选C。
29. 【解析】选A。根据上文“Well, that’s really nice to hear. Thank you so much! It’s nice to know that someone”可知司机对作者注意到了自己的善举表示感谢。故选A。
30. 【解析】选B。句意: 所以我对残疾人有一种特殊的好感。结合上文“My brother is deaf. So I have a special soft spot for people with”可知因为司机的家人也是有残疾的, 所以他对残疾人有一种特殊的好感。故选B。
31. 【解析】选D。根据后文“and made my day”可知make one’s day表示让某人开心, 说明这件事很鼓舞人心。故选D。
32. 【解析】选A。结合上文“Thank you. That really makes my day. ”可知司机为有人注意到了自己的善举而开心, 所以露出灿烂的微笑, 短语wide smile“灿烂的笑容”。故选A。
33. 【解析】选D。 flooded淹没; mixed混合; stopped by顺便拜访; melted away消失。结合上文作者和司机的对话可知, 之前的怀疑都消失了。故选D。
34. 【解析】选C。根据后文“me of a line I once came across: Feeling gratitude and not expressing it is like wrapping a present and not giving it. ”指想到见过的一句话, remind sb. of sth. “使某人想起……”。故选C。
35. 【解析】选D。再次呼应上文“seeing his kindness”以及“moments of kindness I have met in this community”频繁出现的kindness, 指遇到人们的善举。故选D。
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
【文章大意】斯蒂芬·霍金于2018年3月14日去世, 享年76岁。本文简单介绍了霍金的生平。
36. 【解析】peacefully。考查词性转换。空处修饰谓语动词died, 故用副词。
37. 【解析】hours。考查名词复数。the early hours“凌晨时分”为固定用法, 故填hours。
38. 【解析】to。考查介词。be known to. . . for. . . “因……而为……所知”为固定用法, 故填to。
39. 【解析】was given。考查时态和语态。根据表示过去的时间状语“At the age of 22”可知此处要用一般过去时; 又Prof. Hawking与give是动宾关系, 故用被动语态。
40. 【解析】unable。考查形容词。分析句子结构可知, 空处要填形容词; 又此处表示“他不能说话”, 故填unable。
41. 【解析】to set。考查非谓语动词。空处是非谓语动词作后置定语, 序数词后一般用不定式作后置定语, 故填to set。
42. 【解析】leak。考查时态。虽然主句用了一般过去时, 但宾语从句叙述的是客观事实, 故从句要用一般现在时。
43. 【解析】later。考查副词。此处表示一个之后会作为霍金辐射而闻名的现象, 故填later。
44. 【解析】an。考查冠词。前面的“a beginning”暗示这里用an end, 故填an。
45. 【解析】if。考查状语从句。根据语境可知, 此处要用if引导条件状语从句, 表示“如果”。
第三部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
【参考范文】
Dear Jim,
How is everything going Glad to know you take a keen interest in Chinese history, I’d like to introduce a remarkable Chinese to you.
The hero I want to introduce is an extraordinary writer—Lu Xun, who wrote many remarkable novels. He was committed to fighting against the enemy with his articles, arousing the passion of the Chinese for building a new China. It was due to this that he was acknowledged as a hero of his time.
Lu Xun has influenced me a lot. Not only does he help me obtain a better knowledge of China but I have learnt the importance of insistence.
To sum up, he is a great hero in the history of China. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
【参考范文】
Later Dad came in with excitement. “Where’s your spelling test, Karie ” Dad asked eagerly. Karie looked away from her father. Anyhow, she reluctantly went to her room and pulled out the test paper. Dad fixed his eyes on the paper, a pleasant smile lifting the corner of his mouth. “I’m proud of you, sweetie. We need to celebrate it tonight. ” Karie pretended to be smiling all the time. Meanwhile a sense of guilt rose inside her. Feeling she didn’t deserve the prize, she had a sleepless night for the first time in her life.
The next morning, Karie went to school earlier than usual. Ms McCormack was unlocking the classroom. “You’re an early bird. ” Ms McCormack said. Karie’s hands trembled. She handed her teacher the spelling paper and the dictionary. “I can’t keep this. I misspelled ‘honestly’ and you didn’t catch it. ” For a moment, Ms McCormack stood quietly reading the label on the dictionary. Then picking up her pen, she crossed out the word “perfect” and wrote “honest” before returning the dictionary to Karie. “Keep this. But for honesty. ”
