选择性必修第一册Unit 2单元词汇默写本
Ⅰ. 核心单词
1. _________________________ vt. 劝说; 说服
2. _________________________ adj. 遥远的; 远处的; 疏远的; 心不在焉的
3. _________________________ adj. 效率高的; 有功效的
4. _________________________ n. 爱好; 偏爱
5. _________________________ n. 瞬间; 片刻 adj. 立即的; 速食的; 速溶的
6. _________________________ adj. 可获得的; 可购得的; (人)有空的
7. _________________________ vt. &vi. (使)结合; 混合
8. _________________________ n. 职业; 占领
9. _________________________ vt. 反对; 抵制; 阻挠
10. _________________________ n. 不存在; 缺乏; 缺席
Ⅱ. 拓展单词
1. secure adj. 安全的; 安心的; 可靠的; 牢固的→_________________________ n. 保护措施; 安全工作
2. remote adj. 远程的; 偏远的→_________________________ adv. 远程地
3. warn v. 警告→_________________________ n. 警告; 警示; 先兆
4. constant adj. 不断的; 重复的; 不变的→_________________________ adv. 不断地
5. normal adj. 正常的→_________________________ adj. 不正常的; 反常的
6. criticize vt. 批评; 批判→ _________________________ adj. 严重的; 关键的; 批判性的
7. potential adj. 可能的; 潜在的n. 潜力; 可能性→_________________________ adv. 潜在地; 可能地
8. relevant adj. 有关的; 有意义的→_________________________ adj. 不相干的; 不切题的
9. innovate v. 革新→_________________________ n. 创新; 创造
10. predict vt. 预测; 预言; 预料→_________________________ n. 预测; 预言
III.核心短语
1. _________________________ 关/开(电灯、机器等)
2. _________________________ 遥控器; 遥控
3. _________________________ 空调机; 空调设备
4. _________________________ 日常生活
5. _________________________ 在初期; 早先
6. _________________________ 着火
7. _________________________ 从这种意义上来讲
8. _________________________ (与……)保持联系; 了解(某课题或领域的情况)
9. _________________________ 展望未来
10. _________________________ 正反两方面
IV.经典句式
1. 句型公式: 将来进行时
However, in the not-too-distant future, we _________________________(将生活在智能住宅中) that will lock the door for us when we are away and remember to switch off the TV when we forget.
2. 句型公式: the instant (that)一……就……
Your lights will come on _________________________(你一进家门) along with your favourite music or TV programmes, and you will find your dinner already prepared for you.
3. 句型公式: 疑问词+动词不定式
It will also give you suggestions on a healthier diet and _________________________(如何睡得更好).
4. 句型公式: on the one hand一方面
_________________________(一方面), there are many different groups of people around the world who live happily in the absence of new technology.
参考答案
Ⅰ. 核心单词
1. persuade vt. 劝说; 说服
2. distant adj. 遥远的; 远处的; 疏远的; 心不在焉的
3. efficient adj. 效率高的; 有功效的
4. preference n. 爱好; 偏爱
5. instant n. 瞬间; 片刻 adj. 立即的; 速食的; 速溶的
6. available adj. 可获得的; 可购得的; (人)有空的
7. combine vt. &vi. (使)结合; 混合
8. occupation n. 职业; 占领
9. oppose vt. 反对; 抵制; 阻挠
10. absence n. 不存在; 缺乏; 缺席
Ⅱ. 拓展单词
1. secure adj. 安全的; 安心的; 可靠的; 牢固的→security n. 保护措施; 安全工作
2. remote adj. 远程的; 偏远的→remotely adv. 远程地
3. warn v. 警告→warning n. 警告; 警示; 先兆
4. constant adj. 不断的; 重复的; 不变的→constantly adv. 不断地
5. normal adj. 正常的→abnormal adj. 不正常的; 反常的
6. criticize vt. 批评; 批判→ critical adj. 严重的; 关键的; 批判性的
7. potential adj. 可能的; 潜在的n. 潜力; 可能性→potentially adv. 潜在地; 可能地
8. relevant adj. 有关的; 有意义的→irrelevant adj. 不相干的; 不切题的
9. innovate v. 革新→innovation n. 创新; 创造
10. predict vt. 预测; 预言; 预料→prediction n. 预测; 预言
III.核心短语
1. switch off/on 关/开(电灯、机器等)
2. remote control 遥控器; 遥控
3. air conditioner 空调机; 空调设备
4. daily routine 日常生活
5. early on 在初期; 早先
6. catch fire 着火
7. in this sense 从这种意义上来讲
8. keep in touch (with. . . ) (与……)保持联系; 了解(某课题或领域的情况)
9. look into the future 展望未来
10. pros and cons 正反两方面
IV.经典句式
1. 句型公式: 将来进行时
However, in the not-too-distant future, we will be living in smart homes(将生活在智能住宅中) that will lock the door for us when we are away and remember to switch off the TV when we forget.
2. 句型公式: the instant (that)一……就……
Your lights will come on the instant you enter the door(你一进家门) along with your favourite music or TV programmes, and you will find your dinner already prepared for you.
3. 句型公式: 疑问词+动词不定式
It will also give you suggestions on a healthier diet and how to sleep better(如何睡得更好).
4. 句型公式: on the one hand一方面
On the one hand(一方面), there are many different groups of people around the world who live happily in the absence of new technology. 选择性必修一 Unit 2 Looking into the Future
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷) I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them __________(keep) smiling.
2. (2020·天津高考)He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect, and switches it __________.
3. (2020·江苏高考) In looking __________ the stories of biological discovery, I also began to find something else, a collection of scientists, usually brilliant, occasionally half-mad, who made the discoveries.
4. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷) While the younger generations prefer __________(communicate) visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线).
5. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)The researchers then tested how the monkeys __________(combine)—or added—the symbols to get the reward.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. If you want to master English, you should _______________________.
如果你想掌握英语, 就把学习英语当成是你的例行公事的一部分。
2. We _______________________ in sixteen minutes.
我们将在16分钟后在巴黎机场降落。
3. He has no idea of _______________________.
他不知道怎样回答这个问题。
4. _______________________, he is an able man, but _______________________ he demands too much of people.
一方面, 他是个能干的人, 但另一方面, 他对人要求太多了。
5. The answer seems to be that we have a need to _______________________.
答案似乎是我们需要与朋友和家人一直保持联系。
Ⅲ. 语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)
Have you ever forgotten 1. ___________ (lock)the door of your house Or, have you ever forgotten to switch off the TV or computer These kinds of things happen to us all the time, waste resources, and can sometimes lead 2. ___________ problems.
However, in the not-too-distant future, we will 3. ___________ (live)in smart homes that will lock the door for us when we are away and remember to switch off the TV when we forget.
You will no longer have to think about turning 4. ___________ (switch)on and off yourself. Your home will also learn your 5. ___________(day) routine and preferences, so everything will be ready for you when you get home each evening. Your lights will come on 6. ___________ instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes, and you will find your dinner already 7. ___________ (prepare)for you.
In addition, your smart home will be monitoring your health for you every day. If you start to have sleep or weight problems, it will send a warning to your phone. It will also give you suggestions on a 8. ___________ (health)diet and 9. ___________ to sleep better. Smart toilets will be keeping constant track of your health as well. They can warn you early on if there is something 10. ___________ (normal)or if you have a critical illness, such as cancer, and potentially save your life.
Smart homes will be able to prevent serious damage from accidents. Nevertheless, it will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology.
IV. 阅读理解
A
As doctors performed surgery on Dagmar Turner’s brain, the sound of a violin filled the operating room. The music came from the patient on the operating table. In a video from the surgery, the violinist was moving her bow (琴弓) up and down as surgeons worked to remove her brain tumor (肿瘤). The King’s College Hospital surgeons woke her up in the middle of the operation in order to ensure they did not damage parts of the brain necessary for playing the violin and keep her hand’s functions intact.
Turner, 53, learned that she had a slow-growing tumor. Later doctors found that it had become more aggressive and the violinist decided to have surgery to remove it. “We knew how important the violin is to Turner, so it was vital that we preserved function in the delicate areas of her brain that allowed her to play, ” Keyoumars Ashkan, a doctor at King’s College Hospital, said in a press release.
Before Turner’s operation, Ashkan and his colleagues spent two hours carefully mapping her brain to identify areas that were active when she played the violin and those controlling language and movement. Waking her up during surgery then allowed doctors to monitor whether those parts were suffering damage.
Brad Mahon, an expert at Carnegie Mellon University, said the basic features of an “awake craniotomy”—the type of brain surgery where patients are awake in order to avoid damage to critical brain areas—have remained largely unchanged for decades. But he said that doctors are now able to map the patient’s brain activity in great detail before the surgery, using an imaging technique called functional MRI. That means surgeons are coming into the operating room with far more information about a specific patient’s brain. That kind of information helps doctors tailor tests to a patient’s particular needs.
1. What does the underlined word “intact” mean in the first paragraph
A. Strong. B. Sound.
C. Talented. D. Influential.
2. Why did Ashkan and his colleagues map Turner’s brain before operation
A. To keep her brain more active when she played the violin.
B. To monitor whether her brain had suffered damage severely.
C. To recognize the areas related to music and movement precisely.
D. To remove the tumor while keeping all function of her brain.
3. What can we know according to Brad Mahon
A. Doctors are using an imaging technique to monitor the surgery.
B. Patients are asleep to protect critical brain areas in a surgery.
C. A patient’s language ability couldn’t be preserved before.
D. Surgeons can personalize a patient’s operation by mapping his brain.
4. What is the best title for the passage
A. Musician joined in her own brain surgery
B. Mapping a brain is realized after surgery
C. The violinist suffers from a brain tumor
D. Doctors perform surgery on a brain
B
Researchers continue to show the power behind our sense of smell. Recent studies have found, among other things, that the smell of foods like pizza can cause uncontrollable anger in drivers on roads.
The review explains that smell is unique in its effects on the brain. According to Conrad King, “the sense of smell goes through the logical part of the brain and acts on the systems concerned with feelings. This is why the smell of baking bread can destroy the best intentions of a dieter. ”
Smell, which dictates(决定)the unbelievable complexity of food tastes, has always been the least understood of our senses. Our noses are able to detect up to 10, 000 distinct smells. Our ability to smell and taste this extremely large range of smells is controlled by something like 1, 000 genes, which make up an amazing 3% of the human genome. Researchers Richard Axel and Linda Buck were together awarded a Nobel Prize in 2004 for their ground-breaking research on the nature of this extraordinary sense. These two scientists were the first to describe the family of 1, 000 olfactory(嗅觉的) genes and to explain how our olfactory system works.
According to one study in the research review, smelling fresh pizza or even the packaging of fast foods can be enough to make drivers feel impatient with other road users. They are then more likely to speed and experience uncontrollable anger on roads. The most reasonable explanation is that these can all make drivers feel hungry, and therefore desperate to satisfy their appetites.
In contrast, the smells of peppermint and cinnamon(肉桂) were shown to improve concentration levels as well as reduce drivers’ impatience. Similarly, the smells of lemon and coffee appeared to promote clear thinking and mental focus.
However, the way genes regulate smell differs from person to person. The Israel researchers say their study shows that nearly every human being shows a different pattern of active and inactive smell-detecting receptors.
5. What did Richard Axel and Linda Buck find out
A. The type of food smells.
B. The logical part of human brain.
C. The nature of human olfactory system.
D. The relationship between food and feelings.
6. Which of the following can help people concentrate
A. Bread. B. Fast food.
C. Pizza. D. Coffee.
7. What do we know from the last paragraph
A. Some people can recognize up to 50 smells.
B. Every person has a different pattern of genes.
C. Different people are sensitive to different smells.
D. There are still some olfactory genes to be found out.
8. What is the text mainly about
A. Logic and behavior.
B. Smell and its influence.
C. Sense ability and food tastes.
D. Olfactory genes and its system.
V. 完形填空
Have you ever been caught in difficulties Remember that self-confidence is 1 than a knife. You can use it to fight a challenge. Read the short story below to 2 the power of self-confidence.
A man was trying to find his way 3 a dark cave with a light of hope from a lantern(灯笼). Finally, he could see some sunlight in the cave, which made him 4 . But as he drew closer, he was 5 to see a big rock standing before him.
He pushed the rock, but it stood there firmly without 6 even a little. He tried again, but it prevented him from 7 the place. The man felt as if being swallowed by a whale that was waiting to enjoy his supper. He sat 8 the big rock in the mouth of the dark cave looking back on his adventure. He had overcome many difficulties and 9 he would overcome this one, too.
So he said to himself with confidence, “I will 10 here. ”He encouraged himself and it added to his power and gave him more 11 in pushing the huge rock.
The rock moved a little, which encouraged him to work 12 . Thanks to all his efforts, slowly the rock made way for him. He walked along the bright and evergreen path before him-with 13 .
We all may meet difficulties in our life. Some people don’t believe they can overcome them and choose to 14 , but some choose to face them with confidence. Those who give up will 15 succeed. Only those who face difficulties with confidence will find their ways and succeed in life in the end.
1. A. nearer B. faster C. larger D. sharper
2. A. consider B. regain C. understand D. ask
3. A. on B. through C. below D. before
4. A. smile B. think C. move D. cry
5. A. pleased B. surprised C. sad D. excited
6. A. breaking B. refusing C. disappearing D. moving
7. A. leaving B. enjoying C. destroying D. checking
8. A. in the heart of B. at the foot of C. in the middle of D. on the right of
9. A. doubted B. explained C. worried D. believed
10. A. show up B. look around C. get out of D. make use of
11. A. time B. energy C. space D. advice
12. A. harder B. longer C. wider D. deeper
13. A. courage B. fear C. experience D. pride
14. A. look up B. give up C. catch up D. cheer up
15. A. usually B. always C. sometimes D. never
VI. 读后续写
阅读下面的材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When a tornado touched down in a small town nearby, many families were left completely destroyed. Afterward all the local newspapers carried many human-interest stories featuring some of the families who suffered the hardest.
One Sunday, a particular picture especially touched me. A young woman stood in front of an entirely shattered mobile home, a depressed expression twisting her features. A young boy, seven or eight years old, definitely in low spirits, stood at her side, eyes downcast. Clutching(紧握) at her skirt was a tiny girl who stared into the camera, eyes wide with confusion and fear.
The article that went with the picture gave the clothing sizes of each family member. With growing interest, I noticed that their sizes closely matched ours. This would be a good opportunity to teach my children to help those less fortunate than themselves. I taped the picture of the young family to our refrigerator, explaining their difficulty to my seven-year-old twins, Brad and Brett, and to three-year-old Meghan.
“We have so much. And these poor people now have nothing, ” I said. “We’ll share what we have with them, thus they will smile again. ”
I brought three large boxes down from the room upstairs and placed them on the living room floor. Meghan watched seriously, as the boys and I filled one of the boxes with canned goods and foods. While I sorted through our clothes, I encouraged the boys to go through their toys and donate some of their less favorite things. Meghan watched quietly as the boys piled up discarded toys and games.
“I’ll help you find something for the little girl when I’m done with this, ” I said.
The boys placed the toys they had chosen to donate into one of the boxes while I filled the third box with clothes. Meghan walked up with Lucy, her worn, faded, much-loved rag doll hugged tightly to her chest. She paused in front of the box that held the toys, pressed her round little face into Lucy’s flat, painted-on-face, gave her a final kiss, then laid her gently on the top of other toys.
“Oh, honey, ” I said. “You don’t have to give Lucy. You love her so much. ”
Meghan nodded seriously, eyes glistening with held-back tears. “Lucy makes me happy, Mommy. Maybe she’ll make that other little girl happy, too. ”
注意: 续写词数应为150左右。
The boys, open-mouthed, had watched their baby sister place her favorite doll in the box.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Taking the cue from my little ones, I removed my old jacket from the box of clothes.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
Ⅰ. 1. I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep(keep) smiling.
2. He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect, and switches it on.
3. In looking into the stories of biological discovery, I also began to find something else, a collection of scientists, usually brilliant, occasionally half-mad, who made the discoveries.
4. While the younger generations prefer to communicate(communicate) visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线).
5. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined(combine)—or added—the symbols to get the reward.
Ⅱ. 1. If you want to master English, you should make English study a part of your daily routine.
2. We shall be landing in Paris in sixteen minutes.
3. He has no idea of how to answer this question.
4. On the one hand, he is an able man, but on the other hand he demands too much of people.
5. The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay/keep in touch with friends and family.
Ⅲ.
Have you ever forgotten 1. to lock (lock)the door of your house Or, have you ever forgotten to switch off the TV or computer These kinds of things happen to us all the time, waste resources, and can sometimes lead 2. to problems.
However, in the not-too-distant future, we will 3. be living (live)in smart homes that will lock the door for us when we are away and remember to switch off the TV when we forget.
You will no longer have to think about turning 4. switches (switch)on and off yourself. Your home will also learn your 5. daily(day) routine and preferences, so everything will be ready for you when you get home each evening. Your lights will come on 6. the instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes, and you will find your dinner already 7. prepared (prepare)for you.
In addition, your smart home will be monitoring your health for you every day. If you start to have sleep or weight problems, it will send a warning to your phone. It will also give you suggestions on a 8. healthier (health)diet and 9. how to sleep better. Smart toilets will be keeping constant track of your health as well. They can warn you early on if there is something 10. abnormal (normal)or if you have a critical illness, such as cancer, and potentially save your life.
Smart homes will be able to prevent serious damage from accidents. Nevertheless, it will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology.
IV.
A
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了医生在给Dagmar Turner的大脑动手术过程中, 唤醒她的大脑, 让她在接受手术的过程中, 能够同时演奏小提琴的奇妙场景。
1. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据该句The King’s College Hospital surgeons woke her up in the middle of the operation in order to ensure they did not damage parts of the brain necessary for playing the violin and keep her hand’s functions intact. 所提供的语境“国王学院医院的外科医生在手术过程中叫醒了她, 以确保他们不会损害拉小提琴所必需的大脑部分, 同时保证她的手的功能完好。”可知, 这里的intact 与sound意思相符, 相当于 in good condition, 意思是“健康的, 健全的”。
2. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段Before Turner’s operation, Ashkan and his colleagues spent two hours carefully mapping her brain to identify areas that were active when she played the violin and those controlling language and movement可知, 在特纳手术之前, Ashkan和他的同事花了两个小时仔细绘制她的大脑图, 以识别她拉小提琴时活跃的区域以及控制语言和运动的区域。
3.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第四段But he said that doctors are. . . particular needs. 可以推出“外科医生可以通过(核磁共振)成像个性化病人的手术”。故选D。
4. 【解析】选A。主旨大义题。本文主要讲述了医生在给Dagmar Turner的大脑动手术过程中, 唤醒她的大脑, 让她在接受手术的过程中, 能够同时演奏小提琴的奇妙场景。也就是让她参与了自己的手术。故选A。
B
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文, 主要论述了气味和它的影响。
5. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据题干中所提到的两位科学家“Richard Axel and Linda Buck”, 迅速定位文章的第三段关键句Researchers Richard Axel and Linda Buck were together awarded a Nobel Prize in 2004 for their ground-breaking research on the nature of this extraordinary sense. 可以得出答案。
6. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。文章中提到bread, fast food和pizza的气味都不利于人们控制情绪集中精力, 但由文章中倒数第二段最后一句话“Similarly, the smells of lemon and coffee appeared to promote clear thinking and mental focus. ”可知柠檬和咖啡味显然有利于促进人们思维清晰, 精力集中。故选D。
7. 【解析】选C。段落大意题。文章的最后一段主要说了“不同的人对于不同的气味敏感”, 故选C。
8. 【解析】选B。主旨大意题。本文主要探讨了气味和它的影响。 故选B。
V. 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。生活并不总是一帆风顺。遇到困难时我们有两种选择, 一种是被困难打倒, 选择放弃; 一种是相信自己, 迎难而上。本文通过一个故事告诉我们, 相信自己, 勇敢迎战, 只有这样才能克服困难。
1. 【解析】选D。本文是要告诉我们自信的力量是强大的, 这里是把自信和刀子比较, 认为自信比刀子还要“锋利”。
2. 【解析】选C。作者用下文的故事来帮我们“明白”自信的力量。
3. 【解析】选B。由下文可知, 这个人要“穿过”一个黑暗的洞穴。
4. 【解析】选A。这个人要走出黑暗的洞穴, 所以当看到阳光时他“笑”了。
5. 【解析】选C。本来看到阳光了, 走近却发现有块大石头挡在面前, 所以他很“难过”。
6. 【解析】选D。由关键词pushed和but可知, 他推石头, 但石头没有“移动”。后文的moved a little是提示。
7. 【解析】选A。石头不动, 这就阻碍了他“离开”这个地方。
8. 【解析】选B。石头很大, 他坐在石头脚下。
9. 【解析】选D。由下一段的内容可知, 此处指他“相信”自己这次也能克服困难。
10. 【解析】选C。根据上文可知, 这个人的目的是从黑暗的洞穴里出去。由此可知, 此处指他可以从这里出去。
11.【解析】选B。由it added to his power可知, 此处指给了他更多“力量”。
12. 【解析】选A。石头稍微移动了一点, 这让他“更努力”了。
13. 【解析】选D。他又克服了一个困难, 这让他很自豪。
14. 【解析】选B。由空前的“Some people don’t believe they can overcome them”可知, 他们“放弃”了。
15. 【解析】选D。放弃的人当然“永远不会”成功。
VI.
【参考范文】
The boys, open-mouthed, had watched their baby sister place her favorite doll in the box. Without a word, Brad rose and went to his room and then came back carrying one of his favorite action figures. He hesitated briefly, clutching the toy, then looked over at Meghan and placed it in the box next to Lucy. A slow smile spread across Brett’s face. Then he jumped up, eyes twinkling as he ran to his room and fetched some of his prized Matchbox cars.
Taking the cue from my little ones, I removed my old jacket from the box of clothes. I replaced it with the new hunter green jacket that I had found on sale last week. I hoped the young woman in the picture would love it as much as I did. It’s easy to give and donate something that we don’t want any more, but harder to let go of things we cherish, isn’t it However, the true spirit of giving is to give with your heart.(共41张PPT)
选择性必修一 Unit 2 Looking into the Future
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. persuade vt. 劝说; 说服
【典型例句】
She tried to persuade him to change his mind.
她试图劝他改变主意。
【词块必记】
persuade sb. into (doing) sth. 说服某人(做)某事
persuade sb. (not) to do sth. 说服某人(不)做某事
persuade sb. out of (doing) sth. 说服某人不做某事
persuade sb. of. . . (= persuade sb. that)说服某人
【构词法】
persuasion n. 劝说; 说服
persuasive adj. 有说服力的
【误区释疑】
persuade sb. to do sth. 意为“说服某人做某事”, 其结果是成功的(即成功地说服某人做某事)。advise sb. to do sth. 意为“劝说某人做某事”, 其结果可能是劳而无功(即“说”而未“服”)。try to persuade sb. to do sth. 意为“尽力说服某人做某事”, 不一定能够说服。
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①Can you persuade her ____ wearing that dress
②He persuaded me out __ lending him all my savings.
③He persuaded her _____(go)to school, even though she did not want to.
完成句子
④I couldn’t persuade him _________________.
我无法使他相信她是个小偷。
into
of
to go
that she was a thief
①Tom persuaded his father __________________________ at last.
汤姆最终说服了他的父亲戒烟。
②She advised her parents _________________, but they wouldn’t listen.
她劝说她的父母放弃教学, 但他们不会听的。
③I _____________________________________, but I failed.
我试图劝他继续学习, 但没能成功。
to give/into giving up smoking
to give up teaching
tried to persuade him to continue his study
2. distant adj. 遥远的; 远处的; 疏远的; 心不在焉的
【典型例句】 The foreign visitors came from a distant country.
这些外国游客来自一个遥远的国度。
【词块必记】
be distant from 离……遥远
be distant towards/to sb. 对某人冷淡
keep one’s distance 不与……亲近
keep sb. at a distance 与某人保持相当距离; 对某人表示疏远
at a distance 稍远一些, 隔开一些
in the distance 在远方, 在远处
【构词法】
distance n. [C, U]距离; 远处
distantly adv. 遥远地; 冷淡地
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①His stepson is still very distant __________ him.
②The high mountain looks beautiful __ a distance.
③I could see the bus coming __ the distance.
towards/to
at
in
完成句子
④Those two weak boys are ______________.
那两个瘦弱的男孩是远房亲戚。
⑤We hope to go there ________________________.
我们希望在不久的将来去那儿一趟。
⑥Instead of stopping to speak, she passed by ____________________.
她没有停下来谈话, 只是冷冷地点了一下头走了过去。
distant relations
in the not-too-distant future
with only a distant nod
3. available adj. 可获得的; 可购得的; 可找到的; (人)有空的
【典型例句】 Every available doctor was called to the scene.
所有能找到的医生都被召集到现场。
【词块必记】
be available for 有效; 对……有用
be available to do sth. 可以做某事
be available to/for sb. 对某人来说是可以获得的
available light 自然光线
【熟词生义】
Only available girls who haven’t boyfriends or are not married can join this club. 只有未婚的或没有男朋友的女士才能加入这个俱乐部。(adj. 单身的; 未婚的)
【知识微练】 完成句子
①The round trip ticket is ______________________.
双程票有两个月有效期。
②I have looked up ________________________.
我已查阅了所有能弄到的字典。
③I’m sorry, these overcoats are not ____________________________.
对不起, 这种外套没有你要的颜色和尺码。
④__________________when you phone, ask for my brother.
你打电话时如果我不在, 就找我弟弟。
available for two months
all the dictionaries available
available in your colour and size
If I am not available
Ⅱ. 核心短语
4. keep in touch (with. . . ) (与……)保持联系; 了解(某课题或领域的情况)
【典型例句】
They keep in touch with each other by writing regularly.
他们经常通信保持联系。
【词块必记】
be in touch with 与……有联系
be out of touch with 与……失去联系
get in touch with 与……取得联系
bring sb. into/ in touch with 使……接触到……
lose touch with 失去与……的联系
keep in contact with sb. 与某人保持联系
stay in touch(with)=keep in touch(with) (与……)保持联系
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①I had no difficulty in getting in touch ____ him.
②We have kept in touch ___ twenty years.
③Your reason for not staying __ touch with friends is that they do not have e-mail
addresses.
④We have been ___ of touch with them for about two years.
完成句子
⑤They have _____________(与……失去联系)the astronauts in the spaceship.
They are trying to get in touch with them again.
with
for
in
out
lost touch with
Ⅲ. 经典句式
5. It will also give you suggestions on a healthier diet and how to sleep better.
它还会为你提供更健康的饮食和如何睡得更好的建议。
【典型例句】
How to save the child is the most important to us.
怎样救这个孩子对我们来说是最重要的。
【句型公式】what, which, how, when, where等疑问代词或疑问副词, 后面接动词不定式或动词不定式短语, 在句子中一般可以作主语, 宾语和表语。
【知识微练】 完成句子
①James was at a loss as to __________and felt lost.
詹姆斯无所适从, 惘然若失。
②______________________has not been decided.
什么时候开始讲座还没有定下来。
③It is not up to you to tell me _______________.
我怎样干我的工作不用你来多嘴。
what to do
When to start the lecture
how to do my job
【补充要点】
1. combine vt. &vi. (使)结合; 混合
【典型例句】
Theory should be combined with practice.
理论与实践相结合。
【词块必记】
combine. . . with. . . 使……与……结合, 使……合并
combine against sth. 合起来反对……
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①We must combine revolutionary vigour ____ scientific approach.
②But if you offered __________(combine )with them I would see no objection.
③The word motel was created by __________ (combine) motor and hotel.
with
to combine
combining
2. oppose vt. 反对; 抵制; 阻挠
【典型例句】
It was courageous of him to oppose his chief.
他敢反对他的上司, 真是勇敢。
【误区释疑】
object, oppose, resist, protest
这些动词均含“反对”之意。
(1)object多指因厌恶或反感而反对, 但不一定明显地表露出来。经常接介词to。
(2)oppose普通用词, 含义广, 语气强于object。多指反对一些较重大的事, 隐含其正当性。常用被动be opposed to。
(3)resist指用力量或意志抵抗、制止对方的入侵或诱惑、影响等。
(4)protest一般指通过言语或文字或行为表示出的强烈抗议、反对。
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①We’re firmly ________(oppose) to the practice of power politics between nations.
②Who is ________(oppose) you in the match
③Don’t oppose your will _______ mine.
④The old man can’t bear anyone in the family _________(oppose)him.
⑤In the final analysis, I object __ the proposal.
opposed
opposing
against
to oppose
to
完成句子
⑥The government called on the workers ______________.
政府号召工人反对浪费。
⑦The husband strongly _______________________________.
这位丈夫强烈反对妻子单独去那里。
to oppose waste
opposed his wife’s going there alone
3. absence n. 不存在; 缺乏; 缺席
【典型例句】
They speak ill of the head teacher in his absence.
在班主任不在的时候, 他们说他的坏话。
【词块必记】
during/in my absence 在我不在的时候
an absence of seven years 七年不在的时间
in the absence of 外出期间; 不在时; 背地里; 缺少
absence of mind 心不在焉
an unexcused absence from school 旷课
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①He acted as chairman __ my absence.
②After ___ absence of seven years I went home.
③I soon noticed his absence _____ school.
④Absence __ rain caused the plants to die.
完成句子
⑤__________________during driving nearly caused an accident.
他驾车时心不在焉, 几乎肇事。
in
an
from
of
His absence of mind
4. switch off/on 关/开(电灯、机器等)
【典型例句】
Don’t forget to switch the lights off.
别忘了关灯。
【词块必记】
switch the TV on 开电视
switch the radio off 关收音机
turn on/off 开/关(电器)
【熟词生义】
switch 还有“改变; 交换; 转换; 鞭打”的意思。
【知识微练】 完成句子
①Electronic timers automatically _________________when it gets dark.
天黑时, 电子定时器会自动开灯。
②You _________________by pressing this button.
按这个按钮你就能开收音机。
③He ________________to make it go faster.
他用鞭打马, 让马跑得更快些。
switch on the lights
switch the radio on
switched his horse
5. catch fire 着火
【典型例句】 The house caught fire last night.
昨晚这个房子失火了。
【词块必记】
be on fire 着火(表状态)
light/start a fire 点火
make a fire 生火
put out the fire 扑灭火
set fire to sth. (=set sth. on fire) 纵火烧某物
watch the fire 围观火灾
【知识微练】
完成句子
①The papers in the waste paper basket _________.
在废纸篓中的文件着火了。
②Houses made of wood ______________.
木质结构的房子很容易着火。
③When he arrived, he found the house _____________.
他到的时候, 发现那幢房子还在燃烧。
catch fire
catch fire easily
was still on fire
6. However, in the not-too-distant future, we will be living in smart homes that will lock the door for us when we are away and remember to switch off the TV when we forget. 然而, 在不远的将来, 我们将生活在智能住宅中。当我们外出时, 智能家居会为我们锁门; 当我们忘记关电视时, 智能家居会记得关掉它。
【典型例句】
In addition, your smart home will be monitoring your health for you every day.
此外, 你的智能家居每天都会监测你的健康状况。
【句型公式】
将来进行时的构成“主语 + shall/will + be + 现在分词”, 主要表示将来某时刻正在进行的动作, 按计划或安排要发生的动作或表示预计即将发生或势必要发生的动作, 有时候也表示委婉语气。
【知识微练】 完成句子
①When I get home, my wife ___________________________.
当我到家时, 我太太可能正在做饭。
②The train _______________until one o’clock.
火车一点钟才开。
③When _________________next time
我们下次什么时候见面
will probably be doing cooking
won’t be leaving
shall we be meeting
7. Your lights will come on the instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes, and you will find your dinner already prepared for you.
你一进家门, 灯就会亮起, 还有你最喜欢的音乐或电视节目(会自动播放), 而且你会发现晚餐已为你准备好了。
【典型例句】
They stood respectfully the instant he entered the room.
他一走进房间, 他们都恭恭敬敬地站着。
【句型公式】
the instant (that)是连词。类似的还有: immediately, as soon as, directly, the moment, the minute等都可以作连词, 表示“一……就……”, 引导时间状语从句。
【知识微练】 完成句子
①It began to rain the _______________________________.
他一到家, 天就下起雨来。
②_____________, Catherine was tempted to flee.
有那么一刹那, 凯瑟琳很想逃跑。
③I shall be back ___________. 我马上就回来。
instant/moment/minute he got home
For an instant
in an instant
IV.话题写作
假定你是你班英语课代表李华, 得知许多同学长时间在网上学习英语。就此请你用英语给你班同学发一封电子邮件, 内容包括:
1. 长时间在网上学习造成的影响;
2. 你的建议(控制时间, 多种形式相结合等)。
注意: 1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 1 写作技巧
1. 词汇提升(短语优先)
Thus, I, representing English class, want to offer the following suggestions to you.
→Thus, ____________________ English class, I want to offer the following
suggestions to you.
as the representative of
2. 句式多变 (which引导非限制性定语从句)
I’m sorry to learn that many of us have spent too much time learning English on the
Internet. It can obviously do harm to our bodies, especially eyesight.
→I’m sorry to learn that many of us have spent too much time learning English on
the Internet, ______________________________________________________.
which can obviously do harm to our bodies, especially eyesight
3. 逻辑严谨(副词的使用)
That’s to say, online English learning should be combined with offline English
learning.
→That’s to say, online English learning should be __________combined with
offline English learning.
reasonably
Step 2 妙笔成篇
Dear classmates,
I’m sorry to learn that many of us have spent too much time learning English on the Internet, which can obviously do harm to our bodies, especially eyesight. Thus, as the representative of English class, I want to offer the following suggestions to you.
First of all, we can limit online study time to thirty minutes a time. Secondly, we should combine various forms of English learning. That’s to say, online English learning should be reasonably combined with offline English learning. In fact, we have a lot of things to do besides staying on the Internet, such as doing some written assignments and relaxing ourselves once in a while.
In short, let’s study together healthily and effectively.
Yours,
Li Hua选择性必修第一册Unit 2综合能力检测
第一部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Are you interested in working with animals Now here comes the chance. Kirby Wildlife Park has set up the unique Keeper Experience. The fantastic experience is available to anyone over the age of 18 who is reasonably fit. We regret that for health and safety reasons, people who are pregnant, in a wheelchair or suffering from illness cannot take part.
A typical day
9: 15 Arrival
9: 30 Health and Safety Briefing
10: 00 Apes and Monkeys
While cleaning out enclosures(围场), you will find out how to enrich enclosures with novel items and new smells to stimulate the animals’ senses and imitate their natural environment.
12: 00 Lunch
14: 00 Big Cats
You will feed the cats and learn about their nutritional needs. The keeper will give you an introduction to how cats’ behavior can be read to get an idea of their welfare and health.
16: 30 Meet the Team
Meet more of the staff and learn how you can get further involved with work at the park. Learn about our animal adoption plan, what it takes to be good keeper and where to obtain the right qualifications for a career in animal welfare.
Booking and cancellation(撤销)
The Keeper Experience is available on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays throughout the year, and must be booked at least fourteen days in advance. Full payment is needed when booking.
Cancellations must be made more than one week before the event, or you won’t receive a full refund.
1. What can you do in Keeper Experience in Kirby Wildlife Park
A. Bathe animals.
B. Buy an animal.
C. Feed apes and monkeys.
D. Create natural environment for animals.
2. When can you learn about the animal adoption plan
A. At 9: 30 B. At 10: 00
C. At 14: 00 D. At 16: 30
3. What can be known about Keeper Experience
A. It is available to any healthy adult.
B. It should be booked at least two weeks ahead of schedule.
C. It offers free chance to people to work as keepers.
D. It will give a full refund after receiving cancellations.
B
By the year 2050, a fifth of the world’s cities will experience unprecedented climate conditions and environments that currently don’t exist in any major cities, according to new research. A team of scientists at the Crowther Lab in Switzerland produced the report, which described the climate for 520 major cities 30 years in the future.
The results showed that 77 percent of the world’s cities will experience a surprising change in climate conditions by 2050, and 22 percent of the 520 cities will see conditions that are not currently experienced by any existing major cities.
In China in 2050, the climate of Xi’an, in Shaanxi province, will be similar to that of current day Maseru, the capital city of Lesotho in southern Africa, with the maximum temperature of the warmest month likely to increase by 4. 59℃. Chongqing in southwest China will resemble the climate of Swaziland capital Mbabane, as the warmest temperature is predicted to rise by 5. 1℃.
Scientists predict summers in Europe will get warmer by an average of 3. 5℃ and European winters will see temperature rises of 4. 7℃. London’s climate will be more similar lo Barcelona, and Madrid’s to Marrakech.
The Crowther Lab hopes the analysis will motivate decision-makers to take necessary steps to prevent or address some of the climate effects due to the threat of climate change. The report also found that cities in tropical regions will experience smaller changes in average temperature but will be controlled by shifts in rainfall regimes. This may lead to a noticeable increase in unexpected events, and severe droughts.
“Across all scientific fields, the greatest challenge in climate science is no longer the precise measurement of climate change impacts, but inspiring people to picture is actual effects in order to motivate action, ” said Tom Crowther, senior scientist and founder of the Crowther Lab.
4. According to the research, among the 520 cities by 2050, about ______cities will experience the climate conditions that no major cities currently have experienced.
A. 400 B. 114 C. 260 D. 104
5. How did the scientists prove their result
A. By listing figures.
B. By making comparisons.
C. By doing experiments.
D. By explaining theory.
6. What is the Crowther Lab intended for
A. To compare the climate change of the major cities of the world.
B. To inspire people to picture its actual effects in order to motivate action.
C. To inspire decision-makers to take necessary steps to prevent some climate effects.
D. To show most world’s cities will experience a striking change in climate conditions.
7. What is the best title of the passage
A. World Temperature
B. Current Climate Change
C. Big Titles in the World
D. Future Climate Change in Most Big Cities
【解析】选D。标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了对未来的一些大城市气候变化的预测。D项: “一些大城市的未来气候变化”符合题意。故选D。
C
An international team of scientists has discovered a stellar black hole in Earth’s “cosmic backyard” containing the mass of 70 suns.
It’s a black hole that forms after stars die, collapse, and explode. Researchers had long believed that the size limit was only 20 times the mass of our sun because as these stars die, they lose most of their mass through explosions that force matter and gas swept away by stellar winds.
This theory has now been toppled by LB-1, the newly discovered black hole. Located about 15, 000 light years away, it has a mass 70 times greater than our sun, according to a press release from the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
“Black holes of such mass should not even exist in our galaxy (星系), according to most of the present models of stellar evolution, ” said Liu Jifeng, head of the team that made the discovery.
“LB-1 is twice as massive as what we thought possible. Now theorists will have to take up the challenge of explaining its formation. ”
Scientists are now scratching their heads at how LB-1 got so huge.
The team has proposed some theories. LB-1’s sheer size suggests that it “was not formed from the collapse of only one star, ” the study said—instead, it could potentially be two smaller black holes orbiting each other.
Another possibility is that it formed from “fallback supernova (超行星). ” This is when a supernova—the last stage of an exploding star—ejects (喷射) material during the explosion, which then falls back into the supernova, creating a black hole. This fallback formation is theoretically possible, but scientists have never been able to prove or observe it.
There are several types of black holes and stellar black holes like LB-1 are on the two smaller sides, according to NASA. Supermassive black holes are much bigger—they can be billions of times the mass of our sun.
Scientists believe supermassive black holes may have connection with the formation of galaxies, as they often exist at the center of the mass star stems but it is still not clear exactly how, or which form first.
8. According to scientists, what might account for the formation of LB-1
A. The material ejected in the explosion of a supernova.
B. The two smaller black holes moving around each other.
C. The evolution of the solar system.
D. The collapse of a certain star.
9. What does the word “toppled” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Confirmed. B. Strengthened.
C. Overturned. D. Refused.
10. What is the purpose of writing this article
A. To inform readers of the basic knowledge about black holes.
B. To share the recent development of the black hole discovery.
C. To show the importance of discovering black holes for science.
D. To report achievements scientists have made in black hole theory.
11. What might be the best title for the passage
A. The Latest Discovery of Galaxies
B. Proposed Theories of Black Holes
C. The Possible Formation of the Black Holes
D. Biggest Stellar-mass Black Hole Discovered
D
Bill Gates’ body might live in the present, but his brain lives in the future. He has made a career out of predicting what will happen in matters of computing, public health and the environment. He correctly predicted the rise of smartphones and social media, and his latest predictions could come true, too. Here’s what Gates predicts for the future of our world.
In his Annual Letter 2015, Gates made the prediction that Africa’s agriculture industry would increase productivity by 50% by 2030. Now the continent buys about $50 billion worth of food from other countries each year, although 70% of people in Africa are farmers. “In the next 15 years, however, creations in farming will solve the food problem in Africa, ” Gates wrote. “The world has already developed crops that are more productive; with all the technologies, African farmers could possibly double their harvests. ”
By 2035, there could be almost no poor countries. In his Annual Letter 2014, Gates bravely predicted that continued levels of foreign help could mean there would be almost no more poor countries by 2035. “Almost all countries will be what we now call lower-middle income or richer, ” Gates explained. “Countries will learn from their most productive neighbors and benefit from things like better seeds and the digital revolution. ”
By 2030, the world will discover a clean-energy breakthrough to power our world. One of Gates’ more hopeful predictions which came in 2016 said that wind, solar, or some other renewable resources would power most of the world within 15 years. “The difficulty we face is big, perhaps bigger than many people imagine, ” he wrote in his letter. “But so is the chance to make things better. ” Many of the poor countries he visited had no running water or electricity. At night this meant they couldn’t light or power their homes, and keep businesses open. “ If the world can find a type of cheap, clean energy, it will do more than prevent climate change, ” he wrote. “It will change the lives of millions of the poorest families. ”
12. What does the author think of Gates’ predictions
A. They sound quite unreal.
B. They are mainly about computers.
C. They will probably come true.
D. They haven’t produced any end result.
13. How is the agriculture in Africa
A. It is losing its workforce.
B. It is in need of productivity.
C. It can satisfy the local needs.
D. It is as backward as Africa’s industry.
14. What should poor countries do according to Gates
A. Use expensive seeds.
B. Expect less foreign help.
C. Rely on the digital revolution.
D. Learn from the experience of other countries.
15. What’s Gates’ attitude to clean-energy development
A. It’s no easy task.
B. It’s hard to imagine.
C. It can put climate change to an end.
D. It has little to do with poor families.
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Is it time to ditch(丢弃) sugar
It’s no secret that sugar can cause issues if you’re indulging (放任) in a little too much of the sweet stuff. Still, most Americans are eating too much sugar. The harmful effects it can have on your physical health are well studied. 16 .
Sugar can affect your mood
You probably turn to a doughnut (甜甜圈) or soda for an extra boost during a long day. Yet sugar may not be such a positive pick-me-up after all. Recent research indicates that sugary treats have no positive effect on mood. 17 .
One study published in 2017 found that consuming a diet high in sugar can increase the chances of mood disorders. A more recent 2019 study found that regular consumption of saturated fats (饱和脂肪) and added sugars were related to higher feelings of anxiety in adults over age 60.
18
It’s hard to avoid reaching for comfort foods, especially after a difficult day. But the cycle of consuming sugar to manage your emotions may only make your feelings of sadness, tiredness, or hopelessness worse. Multiple studies have found a link between diets high in sugar and depression.
19 . These can lead to depression and may even increase the long-term risk of developing a mental health disorder in some people.
Sugar destroys your brain power
Emerging research has found that diets high in sugar can damage cognitive functioning, even in the absence of extreme weight gain or too much energy intake. A 2015 study found that consuming high levels of sugar-sweetened drinks made neurocognitive functions like decision making and memory worse. 20 . But a more recent study found that healthy volunteers in their 20s scored worse on memory tests and had poorer appetite control after just 7 days of eating a diet high in saturated fat and added sugars.
Although more studies are needed to solidify the effects on mental health of sugar consumption, it’s important to consider how diet can affect your well-being.
A. Granted, the research was done on rats
B. Sugar can weaken your ability to deal with stress
C. If you’re dying for sweets, here’s what to eat instead
D. In fact, sugar may have the opposite effect over time
E. Sugar can increase your risk for developing depression
F. However, the effect on mental health is worth taking a second look
G. Overconsumption of sugar triggers imbalances in certain brain chemicals
第二部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
To The Strand’s family and friends,
The Strand’s task has always been simple. It is to get good 21 in the hands of readers. For over 93 years, the 22 my grandfather founded has become so much more than just a bookstore—The Strand has become a community center, welcoming all book 23 with open arms.
In order to 24 The Strand as a business, with no income and no clear idea as to when we can 25 our door, we have had to temporarily fire the most of our workers. Due to the rapid 26 of COVID-19, we make the 27 to close our doors a week before the government order, as we felt it was unsafe for our 28 and community.
This is the first time in our 29 that we have had to have a layoff (裁员). All of our workers have been 30 for the week and we are paying out any vacation. We are also working with our union and our providers to extend(延长) health insurance as long as possible. We know that it is our booksellers that make The Strand so 31 , so our goal is to 32 this so we can rehire every employee as soon as possible.
We won’t 33 now. We have put forward a request to the Governor’s office in order to regain our ability to start online and phone orders as 34 as possible. We strongly believe that our books are a very important resource(资源) the world could 35 use right now.
21. A. goods B. articles C. books D. letters
22. A. school B. hospital C. community D. bookstore
23. A. writers B. lovers C. sellers D. posters
24. A. keep B. find C. collect D. change
25. A. repack B. repay C. reopen D. repair
26. A. spread B. loss C. recovery D. control
27. A. decision B. suggestion C. belief D. comment
28. A. designers B. workers C. employers D. managers
29. A. question B. service C. history D. reply
30. A. served B. greeted C. charged D. paid
31. A. strange B. comfortable C. normal D. popular
32. A. get through B. get back C. play with D. keep off
33. A. show off B. give up C. pick out D. come out
34. A. much B. soon C. well D. often
35. A. finally B. almost C. really D. never
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
We are currently living in a world 36. __________ rapid advances in medicine and technology influence our lives on 37. __________ regular basis. One technology, which in recent years 38. __________ (develop) very quickly, is cloning.
Clones refer to animals or plants that are produced to be exact 39. __________ (copy) of one another. Clones of different kinds are produced in various ways, and they have become 40. _______ (value) in many medical applications and biological experiments. Most are produced in the laboratory, with some of them 41. ________ (occur) in several species in a natural way.
A report in 2018 had pictures of Macaque monkeys that had been cloned successfully. Since they are primates(灵长目动物) like us, it gets us to come even
42. ________ (close) to find the right procedures of the cloning of humans.
This comes to the question why we would need or want to do this. Would it be 43. __________ the best interest of humankind to develop this technology Besides, the moral questions that will be raised 44. __________ (be) unbelievable, and would it be an accomplishment that could benefit humankind enough 45. __________ (balance) the ill effects that it might produce
第三部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
随着社会的发展, 各种发明以及高科技产品成为我们日常生活的必需品, 如手机(mobile phone)、数码相机(digital camera)等。请以My Favourite Invention为主题, 准备一篇发言稿, 主要内容包括:
1. 你喜欢的科技产品;
2. 喜欢的理由。
注意: 1. 词数80左右;
2. 开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数。
Hello, everyone,
I’d like to make a speech with the title: My Favourite Invention.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
That’s all. Thank you.
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Desiree, a 4-year-old girl, was sobbing quietly over her father, Ken, who had died nine months earlier. She was hugging a photograph of her father with her fingers running around his face. “Daddy”, she said softly, “Why won’t you come back ”
Instead of gradually adjusting to her father’s death, Desiree refused to accept it “Daddy will be home soon, ” she’d tell her mother. “He’s at work. ” When she played with her toy telephone, she pretended she was chatting with her father “I miss you, Daddy, ” she’d say. “When will you come back ” Desiree’s situation made her mother worried.
Days later, it was Ken’s birthday. “How will I send him a card ” Desiree asked her mother “How about if we tie a letter to a balloon. ” her mother said, “and send it up to heaven ” Desiree’s eyes immediately lit up.
Her mother took her to a store and Desiree picked out a balloon with HAPPY BIRTHDAY above a drawing of The Little Mermaid (美人鱼). Desiree and her father had often watched it.
The child’s eyes shone as they were on the way to Ken’s grave. Then Desiree dictated (口述) a letter to her Dad. “Daddy, Happy birthday, I love you and miss you, ” she rattled off (快速说). “I hope you get this and can write to me on my birthday in January. ”
Her mother wrote the message and their address on a small piece of paper, which was then wrapped in plastic and tied to the end of the string on the balloon. Finally, Desiree flew the balloon. For almost an hour, they watched the shining spot of silver grow smaller and smaller till disappear. “Now Dad’s going to write back to me, ” Desiree said confidently.
Every day since they flew the balloon, Desiree had asked her mother, “Do you think Daddy has my balloon yet ” Several weeks passed, and she stopped asking.
注意: 续写词数应为150左右。
One day, 3, 000 miles away, Wade was on a duck hunt when suddenly something in the bush caught his eyes.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Desire’s fifth birthday came and later on the afternoon, a package arrived.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
参考答案
第一部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
A
【文章大意】本文为广告。文章主要讲述了Kirby野生动物园向人们发出做动物管理员的邀请并详细介绍了活动的安排。
1. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据“A typical day”部分可知, 你可以利用新奇的物品和新的气味给动物们创造出它们的自然环境。故选D。
2. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据“A typical day”部分中的“16: 30 Meet the Team”的内容可知, 16: 30时, 你可以见到更多的工作人员并了解如何进一步参与公园的工作以及动物收养计划。故选D。
3. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知, 要体验饲养员的话, 必须至少提前两星期预定。故选B。
B
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。通过数据列举讲述了到2050年, 世界上许多大城市的气候将变暖, 呼吁人类要尽快采取措施。
4. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段可知, 520个城市中的22%大约就是114, 所以到2050年, 大约有114个城市将面临气候条件的变化。故选B。
5.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段, 第三段和第四段中所列举的具体数据可知, 这些科学家通过列出具体的数据来佐证他们的研究结果。故选A。
6. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第五段可知, the Crowther Lab的目的就是激励决策者采取必要的措施来防止一些气候影响。故选C。
7. 【解析】选D。标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了对未来的一些大城市气候变化的预测。D项: “一些大城市的未来气候变化”符合题意。故选D。
C
【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文, 主要是与读者分享黑洞发现的新进展。
8. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。由文章的第六、七段“Scientists are now . . . each other. ”可知LB-1不是由一颗行星的爆炸解体形成的, 而是两个小的黑洞相互环绕形成的, 由此可知B选项为正确答案。
9.【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据上下文“This theory . . . Sciences. ” 可知LB-1是一个新的黑洞理论, 与原先研究人员认为的不同, 故前文所讲述的黑洞理论将会被推翻或否认, 从而可以猜测toppled为“推翻”之意。结合选项可知C选项为正确答案。
10. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。阅读全文可知, 文章主要围绕黑洞新发现展开, 包括黑洞如何形成、黑洞的大小等, 因此可推知, 作者写这篇文章是为了与读者分享黑洞发现的新进展, 故B选项为正确答案。
11. 【解析】选D。标题归纳题。根据文章围绕的“黑洞新发现”以及“There are several. . . our sun有几种类型的黑洞, LB-1还算是小的, 据NASA显示, 超级黑洞可能是太阳的数十亿倍大”可知新发现的黑洞是超级大的, 原先理论认为黑洞大约只有太阳的20倍, 可知最新发现的黑洞是最大的, 综上所述可知D选项“Biggest Stellar-mass Black Hole Discovered”概括最为贴切、全面, 故D选项为正确答案。
D
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Bill Gates对于未来世界的预测, 他预测到2030年非洲农业生产力将提高50%, 到2035年将几乎没有贫穷国家以及到2030年世界对于清洁能源的发现会有突破, 并为我们的世界提供能源。
12.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段可知Gates正确地预测了智能手机和社交媒体的崛起, 他的最新预测也有可能成为现实。由此可知, 作者认为Gates的预测很可能会成为现实。故选C。
13. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第二段中第一句可知Gates在2015年的年度信中预测, 到2030年, 非洲农业生产力将提高50%。由此可推知, 非洲的农业需要生产力。故选B。
14. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段可知各国将向生产力最高的邻国学习, 并从更好的种子和数字革命等方面获益。由此可知, 贫穷国家应该学习其他国家的经验。故选D。
15. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知, Gates认为发展清洁能源不是一件容易的事。故选A。
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了糖对心理健康的影响。
16. 【解析】选F。文章主要讲糖对心理健康的影响, 此处引出下文并与上文形成转折, F选项“然而, 对心理健康的影响值得再看一眼”切题。故选F。
17. 【解析】选D。由小标题“Sugar can affect your mood”(糖会影响你的情绪)及空前内容可知, 糖会影响人的情绪, 对情绪没有积极影响, 说明糖对情绪的影响是消极的, 承接上下文, D选项“事实上, 随着时间的推移, 糖可能会产生相反的效果”切题。故选D。
18. 【解析】选E。由第四段可知, 用糖来控制抑郁情绪只会更糟, 高糖饮食与抑郁症之间存在联系, 说明糖会增加抑郁症的风险, E选项“糖会增加你患抑郁症的风险”能概括本段内容。故选E。
19. 【解析】选G。本段在分析糖会增加抑郁症风险的原因, 该空填写内容应与其原因相关, 衔接下文, G选项“过度消耗糖会引发某些大脑化学物质的失衡”切题。故选G。
20. 【解析】选A。A选项中的“the research”对应上一句中的“A 2015 study”, 该空是对上一句研究结果的肯定, 表明此处研究结果真实可靠, 承接上文, A选项“当然, 这项研究是在老鼠身上进行的”切题。故选A。
第二部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
【文章大意】这是一篇应用文。文章是斯特兰德书店写给外界的一封信, 讲述了在新冠病毒肆虐的环境下书店不得不暂时关门, 并且书店正在努力能够尽快恢复运营。
21. 【解析】选C。句意: 那就是把好书交到读者手中。根据“in the hands of readers”可知, 此处是指把好书交到读者手里。故选C。
22. 【解析】选D。句意: 在过去的93年里, 我祖父创立的书店已经不仅仅是一家书店了。根据“more than just a bookstore”可知, 此处是指这个书店。故选D。
23. 【解析】选B。句意: 斯特兰德已经成为一个社区中心, 张开双臂欢迎所有的图书爱好者。根据“The Strand’s task has always been simple. It is to get good books in the hands of readers. ”(斯特兰德的任务一直很简单。那就是把好书交到读者手中。)可知, 斯特兰德是为图书爱好者开放的。故选B。
24.【解析】选A。句意: 为了维持斯特兰德公司的经营, 我们没有收入, 也不清楚什么时候能重新开门, 我们不得不暂时解雇大部分员工。在没有收入的情况下解雇大部分员工是为了维持经营。故选A。
25.【解析】选C。根据“our door”可知, 此处是指重新开门。故选C。
26. 【解析】选A。句意: 由于新冠病毒的迅速传播, 我们在接到政府命令的前一周决定关门, 因为我们觉得这对我们的工人和社区来说不安全。根据“of COVID-19”可知, 此处是指新冠病毒的迅速传播。故选A。
27. 【解析】选A。根据“to close our doors”可知, 此处是指做出关门的决定。故选A。
28. 【解析】选B。此处it是指新冠病毒的迅速传播, 如果不关门, 这对工人和社区都是不安全的。故选B。
29. 【解析】选C。句意: 这是我们公司历史上第一次不得不裁员。根据“This is the first time”可知, 此处是指这是这家公司历史上第一次不得不裁员。故选C。
30. 【解析】选D。句意: 我们所有的工人都已领到了当周的工资, 我们将支付休假费。此处是指所有的工人都已领到了当周的工资。故选D。
31. 【解析】选D。根据前文“The Strand has become a community center”(斯特兰德已成为一个社区中心)可知, 斯特兰德非常受欢迎。故选D。
32. 【解析】选A。get through度过(难关); get back回来; play with同……一起玩; keep off避免, 回避。根据“so we can rehire every employee as soon as possible”可知, 此处是指尽快度过难关。故选A。
33. 【解析】选B。根据后文“We have put forward a request to the Governor’s office in order to regain our ability to start online and phone orders”可知, “我们”在努力想办法恢复运营, 所以“我们”没有放弃。故选B。
34. 【解析】选B。句意: 我们已经向州长办公室提出请求以尽快恢复我们在线和电话订购的能力。因为书店运营现在处于停滞状态, 所以是尽早恢复。故选B。
35. 【解析】选C。句意: 我们坚信, 我们的书籍是当今世界真正需要的非常重要的资源。此处是指我们的书籍是当今世界真正需要的。故选C。
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。飞速发展的医学和技术常常影响着我们的生活, 其中一项技术就是克隆, 本文主要介绍了克隆的概念、现状以及存在的一些问题。
36. 【解析】where。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可以发现, 空前是主句, 空处引导定语从句, 修饰先行词world, 空处在从句中作地点状语, 故用where。
37. 【解析】a。考查冠词。飞速发展的医学和技术常常影响我们的生活。on a regular basis“定期地, 经常地”, 故填不定冠词a。
38. 【解析】has developed/has been developing。考查动词时态。根据时间状语“in recent years”可知, develop的动作从过去开始持续到现在, 并有可能持续下去, 故应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时, 故用has developed或has been developing。
39. 【解析】copies。考查名词复数。copy在此表示“复制品”, 是可数名词。根据后面的one another“彼此, 互相”可知, 此处copy不止一个, 故用copy的复数形式。
40. 【解析】valuable。考查形容词。克隆在很多医疗应用和生物实验中变得很重要。根据语境和系动词后跟形容词的用法可知, 此处用value的形容词形式。valuable“珍贵的, 很重要的, 有用的。”
41. 【解析】occurring。考查非谓语动词。大多数克隆是在实验室中进行的, 还有一些在一些物种身上自然发生。逗号前是完整的一个句子, 逗号后是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的复合结构, 因为occur是不及物动词, 且occur与其主语在逻辑上是主谓关系, 故用现在分词作宾语补足语。
42. 【解析】closer。考查副词的比较级。根据句意和空前的even可知, 空处应用副词的比较级closer。
43. 【解析】in。考查介词。in the best interest of. . . 意思是“对……最有利”, 固定搭配。
44. 【解析】are。考查时态和主谓一致。此处描述客观事实, 故用一般现在时; 由句子主语moral questions为复数可知, 谓语动词应用are。
45. 【解析】to balance。考查非谓语动词。它会是一个可以让人类所获益处足以抵消它带来的负面影响的成就吗 enough to do sth. “足够做某事”。
第三部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
【参考范文】
Hello, everyone,
I’d like to make a speech with the title: My Favourite Invention. Nowadays, various electronic products are springing up, making our life easy and efficient, among which my favourite invention is the mobile phone.
Compared with other electronic products, the mobile phone has become part of our life. As it combines the function of the telephone and the computer, we can keep in touch with our friends either by telephone or through WeChat. Additionally, we can almost do anything by means of a mobile phone, such as writing essays, distance learning, remote controlling over other electronic products, taking pictures, even seeing the doctor. What’s more, more uses will be integrated into the mobile phone, which hence will make it become the control center of our whole life.
That’s all. Thank you.
第二节(满分25分)
【参考范文】
One day, 3, 000 miles away, Wade was on a duck hunt when suddenly something in the bush caught his eyes. Curious, he approached to find a silver balloon, with a piece of paper at the end of the string, wrapped in plastic. Taking it home, Wade read the touching lines to his wife Donna. She was deeply moved. With tears in her eyes, Donna decided to help Desiree. The couple went to buy a birthday card and a book of The Little Mermaid, and then she began to write a letter to Desiree.
Desiree’s fifth birthday came and later on that afternoon, a package arrived. Looking at the unfamiliar return address, Desiree’s mother was confused. Suddenly an idea struck her: the balloon! She opened the parcel and found a card with “For a Dear Daughter”. Her heart raced. She rushed to Desiree’s room and showed her the letter. “It’s from Daddy! ” Desiree jumped with joy, asking her mother to read it for her. “Happy birthday, my little angel! ” Her mother began. A big tear began to trickle down Desiree’s cheek.
