必修第三册Unit 4词汇默写
Ⅰ. 核心单词
1. ____________________ adj. 精神的; 思想的
2. ____________________ n. 交通工具; 车辆
3. ____________________ n. 渴望; 欲望
vt. 渴望; 期望
4. ____________________ vi. &vt. 标志着; 标明; 发信号
n. 信号; 标志
5. ____________________ adv. 否则; 要不然
6. ____________________ prep. 在更远处; 超出
7. ____________________ vt. &vi. 论证; 争辩; 争论
8. ____________________ n. 模式; 图案; 模范
9. ____________________ n. 监视器; 监测仪
vt. 监视; 监测; 监控
10. ____________________ adj. 定期的; 经常的; 正常的
Ⅱ. 拓展单词
1. disappoint vt. 使失望→____________________ adj. 失望的; 沮丧的→____________________ adj. 令人失望的→____________________ n. 失望; 沮丧
2. lack n. 缺乏; 短缺 vt. 没有; 缺乏→____________________ adj. 缺乏的; 没有的; 不足的
3. determine vt. 查明; 确定; 决定→____________________ n. 决定; 确定→____________________ adj. 有决心的; 意志坚定的
4. intelligent adj. 聪明的; 有智力的→ ____________________ n. 智力; 才智
5. desire n. 渴望; 欲望 vt. 渴望; 期望→____________________ adj. 令人满意的→____________________ adj. 渴望的; 想得到的
6. limit v. &n. 限制→____________________ n. 限制, 能力上的不足→____________________ adj. 有限的→____________________ adj. 无限制的; 无界限的
7. attach vt. 系; 绑; 贴; (使)附属→____________________ n. 附件; 喜爱; 连接
8. independent adj. 独立的; 自主的→____________________ adv. 独立地; 自立地→____________________ n. 独立
9. sufficient adj. 足够的→____________________ n. 足够; 充分
10. current adj. 当前的; 现在的→ ____________________ n. 水流; 电流; 通货; 货币
III.核心短语
1. ____________________ 最后
2. ____________________ 为了; 以便
3. ____________________ 所以; 结果(是)
4. ____________________ 继续做; 坚持干
5. ____________________ 提供生活所需
6. ____________________ 对……感到好奇
7. ____________________ 有限的资源
8. ____________________ 弄懂; 弄清楚
9. ____________________ 在飞船上; 在船上; 在飞机上
10. ____________________ 导致; 造成
11. ____________________ 抱着……希望
IV.经典句式
1. 句型公式: make+宾语+宾语补足语
These disasters ____________________(让每个人都感到悲伤和失望), but the desire to explore the universe never died.
2. 句型公式: That/This is because. . . 意为“那/这是因为……”
____________________(这是因为) people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.
3. 句型公式: 动名词短语在句中作主语
Firstly, ____________________(探索太空) has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.
4. 句型公式: It+be+形容词+(for/of sb. ) to do sth. 对某人来说, 做……是……
____________________(有必要)find a new home for people in space, as the resources on Earth will run out.
参考答案
Ⅰ. 核心单词
1. mental adj. 精神的; 思想的
2. vehicle n. 交通工具; 车辆
3. desire n. 渴望; 欲望
vt. 渴望; 期望
4. signal vi. &vt. 标志着; 标明; 发信号
n. 信号; 标志
5. otherwise adv. 否则; 要不然
6. beyond prep. 在更远处; 超出
7. argue vt. &vi. 论证; 争辩; 争论
8. pattern n. 模式; 图案; 模范
9. monitor n. 监视器; 监测仪
vt. 监视; 监测; 监控
10. regular adj. 定期的; 经常的; 正常的
Ⅱ. 拓展单词
1. disappoint vt. 使失望→disappointed adj. 失望的; 沮丧的→disappointing adj. 令人失望的→disappointment n. 失望; 沮丧
2. lack n. 缺乏; 短缺 vt. 没有; 缺乏→lacking adj. 缺乏的; 没有的; 不足的
3. determine vt. 查明; 确定; 决定→determination n. 决定; 确定→determined adj. 有决心的; 意志坚定的
4. intelligent adj. 聪明的; 有智力的→ intelligence n. 智力; 才智
5. desire n. 渴望; 欲望 vt. 渴望; 期望→desirable adj. 令人满意的→desired adj. 渴望的; 想得到的
6. limit v. &n. 限制→limitation n. 限制, 能力上的不足→limited adj. 有限的→limitless adj. 无限制的; 无界限的
7. attach vt. 系; 绑; 贴; (使)附属→attachment n. 附件; 喜爱; 连接
8. independent adj. 独立的; 自主的→independently adv. 独立地; 自立地→independence n. 独立
9. sufficient adj. 足够的→sufficiency n. 足够; 充分
10. current adj. 当前的; 现在的→ currency n. 水流; 电流; 通货; 货币
III.核心短语
1. in closing 最后
2. so as to (do sth. ) 为了; 以便
3. as a result 所以; 结果(是)
4. carry on 继续做; 坚持干
5. provide for sb. 提供生活所需
6. be curious about 对……感到好奇
7. limited resource 有限的资源
8. figure out 弄懂; 弄清楚
9. on board 在飞船上; 在船上; 在飞机上
10. result in 导致; 造成
11. in the hope of 抱着……希望
IV.经典句式
1. 句型公式: make+宾语+宾语补足语
These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed(让每个人都感到悲伤和失望), but the desire to explore the universe never died.
2. 句型公式: That/This is because. . . 意为“那/这是因为……”
This is because(这是因为) people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.
3. 句型公式: 动名词短语在句中作主语
Firstly, exploring space(探索太空) has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.
4. 句型公式: It+be+形容词+(for/of sb. ) to do sth. 对某人来说, 做……是……
It is necessary to(有必要)find a new home for people in space, as the resources on Earth will run out.必修第三册Unit 4基础练习
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach ________ them.
2. Writing a poem of 120 words will result ________ disqualification.
3.It’s not what happens to us that ________(determine) our lives—it’s what we make of what happens.
4. Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness for lack ________ proper treatment.
5. With a broader perspective, we will be more free, more open-minded, and less ________ (limit)in what we can become!
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. Despite ____________________, he got the job.
他虽然经验不足, 但还是获得了这份工作。
2. Something are ____________________, but you can learn much from them.
有些事你无法控制, 但却可以从中学到很多。
3. ____________________, he failed again in the driving test.
让他很失望的是, 他这一次又没有通过驾驶测试。
4. It is unwise for the students to ____________________ the exam.
对学生来说, 过分重视考试是不明智的。
5. After he left, I just tried to ____________________ as normal.
他离开之后, 我就像往常一样继续努力干。
III.语法填空
People have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt 1. _________ (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, 2. _________ the help of scientists, people succeeded in realizing their dream 3. _________ (explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite 4. _________ (launch) by the USSR. 5. _________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone 6. _________ (disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of 7. _________ (carry)on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to 8. _________(independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed 9. _________ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future 10. _________ (discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.
IV. 阅读理解
A new study suggests that dark markings on the planet Mars represent sand—not water. The research in 2015 suggested that lines on some Martian hills were evidence of water. Yet American scientists now say these lines appear more like dry, flows of sand. If water is present, it is likely to be a small amount. Water in liquid form would be necessary for microbial(微生物的) life.
NASA, the American space agency, said more research is needed. Michael Meyer is the lead scientist for NASA’s Mars exploration programme. He noted that the latest study does not reject the presence of water. But he admitted, “It just may not be as exciting as the idea of rivers going down the sides of cliffs(悬崖). ”
The new findings come from a team led by Colin Dundas of the United States Geological Survey. His team measured 151 of these lines in 10 areas. Most of the lines end with slopes between 28 degrees and 35 degrees. These measurements are similar to active sand dunes(沙丘) on both Mars and Earth. A small covering of dust that moves and sometimes becomes lighter might help explain the markings. They usually appear in the Martian summertime, and then disappear until the next year. If these lines are dry, this suggests that recent Mars has not had large volumes of liquid water. Dundas and his research team say that many questions remain.
“I still think that Mars has a great potential for having had life early on in its history, ” Meyer said. “As long as that’s true, we also have a reasonable possibility of life still being on Mars. It just happens to be cryptic or well hidden. ”
NASA currently has no robotic vehicle—either on Mars or in development—with the ability to climb steep slopes. The lack of such equipment has engineers coming up with ideas like Martian helicopters or planes without pilots.
1. What do American scientists find on Mars now according to their study
A. A lot of little life.
B. An amount of water.
C. Some Martian hills.
D. Dark markings are sand.
2. When do the markings come out
A. In Martian spring. B. In Martian summer.
C. In Martian autumn. D. In Martian winter.
3. What’s Meyer’s opinion about having life on Mars
A. Doubtful. B. Trustful.
C. Indifferent. D. Objective.
4. What does the underlined word “cryptic” in Paragraph 4 mean
A. Undiscovered. B. Strange.
C. Magical. D. Icy.
V. 七选五
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Gratitude (感恩)makes everything more special. It connects you to where you are and who you are with and what you are doing. Read the following tips for developing gratitude. 1 , you will truly get the benefits.
※ Write in a diary every morning and declare how you want to feel that day. 2 . This puts me in a receiving way so that I can better attract my dreams and desires by taking subconscious (潜意识的)and conscious steps toward choices that serve my ambitions.
※Go on a walk. Walking—with zero social media disturbance—is a gateway to gratitude. I walk my dog in the morning, walk through my neighborhood, and mentally express gratitude for everything I can think of during the walk. 3 .
※ 4 , do it physically. This means sitting down and taking a moment to feel gratitude in every area of your body. I work my way up my body, beginning with my feet and working up toward the rest of my body, bones, and organs, until I reach my head. This is a great place to start if you’re feeling extra low!
※Next time you’re with a group of friends or even strangers, ask them to go around and say what they’re grateful for. 5 . I am always so happy, surprised, and amazed at how open and appreciative people are for the inquiry.
A. I use the 5-minute diary
B. This is something I do regularly
C. If you’re wondering how to express gratitude
D. If you can make the time for this simple practice
E. If you’re having trouble expressing gratitude mentally
F. It is important to make use of the time to make friends
G. It’s the perfect time to set up your brain for positive thinking
VI. 完形填空
The lions and leopards(豹) of a national park in India normally do not get along. They 1 each other for space and food. But about a year ago, a young lioness in the park 2 a baby leopard.
The 2-month-old baby with brown ears and blue eyes was 3 , and the lioness spent weeks nursing, 4 and caring for him until he died. She treated him as if he were one of her own two sons, who were about the same age. This was a 5 case of cross-species adoption in the wild, and the only documented example involving animals that are normally 6 .
7 , the park workers thought the association would be brief, but this went on. The family were 8 to tour the park. The lioness took care of the baby, and 9 meat that she hunted. The new brothers played with him and occasionally followed him up trees. This unlikely 10 was surely amazing.
Although this adoption was puzzling, it highlights the 11 between the two species. Until they reach young adulthood, when social differences 12 , lions and leopards play and beg for milk in similar ways. For this mother lioness, she may have 13 the baby’s more leopard-like features—his smell, size and spotted appearance. He just jumped in.
The 14 of the inter species adoption in the wild would be sweet enough for a children’s book, yet 15 enough to attract scientists.
1. A. put up with B. take advantage of C. depend on D. fight with
2. A. scared B. adopted C. spotted D. attacked
3. A. lazy B. brave C. weak D. dangerous
4. A. feeding B. checking C. following D. dressing
5. A. simple B. typical C. famous D. rare
6. A. friends B. competitors C. partners D. neighbors
7. A. Initially B. Luckily C. Certainly D. Unexpectedly
8. A. expected B. observed C. persuaded D. pushed
9. A. cooked B. packed C. shared D. burned
10. A. experience B. affair C. agreement D. connection
11. A. communication B. similarities C. behavior D. differences
12. A. emerge B. remain C. recover D. survive
13. A. compared B. disliked C. ignored D. protected
14. A. incident B. experience C. report D. tale
15. A. strange B. caring C. reliable D. moving
VII. 读后续写
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When Anne Glancey, a retired school teacher, received notice from the city of Hamilton Township that she would be fined up to $3, 000 per day for code violations(违规) and repairs that needed to be made to her home, she didn’t know what to do. She did not have the money to pay for the repairs, and she had no family or friends she could ask for help.
The only contact she regularly made with others was with her neighbors of five years, Adam and Kristin Polhemus. Anne showed the letter to them which explained that she needed to scrape(刮) and paint her house, remove the abandoned and rusted car in her yard, and cut the grass. These were three violations in total, each with a fine of no more than$1, 000, per day, per violation. Anne had grown up in the house, and the letter made her upset. She didn’t know what she was going to do and she couldn’t do this herself. “Anne, we’ll help you get this fixed, ”Adam said.
Kristin posted a call for volunteers to help make repairs and paint Anne’s house on Facebook. Her post read as follows:
Hamilton area friends! Are you free for a few hours this weekend We need you! Adam and I could use your help for some painting at the home of our elderly neighbor, Anne. As you know, she received a heavy fine and she’s on a deadline to scrape and repaint her home to avoid the fine. She’s limited in funds and the physical ability to do the work, and we’d love nothing more than to show her we care. We really do need your help; we only have a few people right now and we’re hoping for about 20 volunteers to make this happen. THANK YOU!
注意: 续写词数应为150左右。
Anne, Adam and Kristin were overjoyed at the response. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Anne decided to do something in return. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
Ⅰ. 1.While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to them.
2. Writing a poem of 120 words will result in disqualification.
3. It’s not what happens to us that determines(determine) our lives—it’s what we make of what happens.
4. Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment.
5. With a broader perspective, we will be more free, more open-minded, and less limited (limit)in what we can become!
Ⅱ. 1. Despite his lack of experience, he got the job.
2. Something are beyond control, but you can learn much from them.
3. To his great disappointment, he failed again in the driving test.
4. It is unwise for the students to attach too much importance to the exam.
5. After he left, I just tried to carry on as normal.
III.
People have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt 1. travelling (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, 2. with the help of scientists, people succeeded in realizing their dream 3. to explore (explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite 4. was launched (launch) by the USSR. 5. Although scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone 6. disappointed (disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of 7. carrying (carry)on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to 8. independently(independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed 9. a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future 10. discoveries (discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.
IV. 【文章大意】本文主要讲述了美国科学家的一项新的研究发现: 火星上黑色的标记是沙子而不是水。
1. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知, 科学家发现火星上的黑色标记是沙子不是水。故选D。
2. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第三句可知, 这样的标记会出现在火星的夏季。故选B。
3. 【解析】选B。观点态度题。根据第四段内容可推知, Meyer还是相信火星上有生命。故选B。
4. 【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据句中的or well hidden可知, cryptic的意思是“隐藏的; 没被发现的”。故选A。
V. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。懂得感恩让一切变得更特别, 如何才能具有感恩之心呢 文章介绍了如何培养感恩之心的四条建议。
1. 【解析】选D。空后为逗号, 后面另起一个简单句, 根据句子 结构判断应从C、D、E项中选择一个状语从句。结合句意判断应选 D 项, this simple practice 即指 developing gratitude。句意: 如果你能拿出时间做一下这个简单的练习, 你将会真正地受益。
2. 【解析】选A。根据上文的diary判断应选A项, 表示“我使用五分钟日记”, 下文的This即指“五分钟日记”。
3. 【解析】选G。根据上文语境判断应选G项, 表示“这是让你的大脑积极思考的好时光”, “这段好时光”即指散步的时候。
4. 【解析】选E。空后为逗号, 后面另起一个祈使句, 根据句子 结构判断应从C、D、E项中选择一个状语从句。E项中的mentally与空后的physically相呼应, 所以应选E项。句意: 如果你在心理上难以表达感激之情, 那就从身体上表达吧。
5. 【解析】选B。根据上下文语境判断应选B项, 选项中的 This即指上句的内容。句意: (下次当你和一群朋友甚至陌生人在一起时, 让他们四处走走, 说出他们的感激之情)这是我经常做的事情。
VI. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一个公园中一只母狮子收养了一只两个月大的小豹, 母狮子花了几个星期的时间来照料它, 喂养它, 直到它死去。她对待它就像对待自己两个儿子一样。这是一个罕见的野生跨物种领养案例。
1. 【解析】选D。句意: 它们为了空间和食物而互相争斗。 put up with忍受; take advantage of利用; depend on取决于; fight with争斗, 作战。结合上文The lions and leopards of a national park in India normally do not get along. 可知狮子和豹子通常不会和睦相处, 它们会为空间和食物而相互争斗。故选D。
2. 【解析】选B。句意: 但是大约一年前, 公园里的一只年轻狮子收养了一只小豹子。 scared使害怕; adopted收养; spotted发现; attacked攻击。根据第二段中She treated him as if he were one of her own two sons, who were about the same age. 可知年轻狮子收养了一只小豹子。故选B。
3. 【解析】选C。句意: 这只2个月大、棕色耳朵、蓝色眼睛的小豹子非常虚弱, 母狮子花了几个星期的时间来看护它, 喂养它, 照顾它, 直到它死去。lazy懒惰的; brave勇敢的; weak虚弱的; dangerous危险的。结合上文The 2-month-old baby可知小豹子才两个月大, 很虚弱。故选C。
4. 【解析】选A。句意: 这只2个月大、棕色耳朵、蓝色眼睛的小豹子非常虚弱, 母狮子花了几个星期的时间来看护它, 喂养它, 照顾它, 直到它死去。feeding喂养; checking检查; following跟随; dressing穿衣。结合后文and caring for him可知母狮子给小豹子喂食、照顾它直到它死去。故选A。
5. 【解析】选D。句意: 这是一个罕见的野生跨物种领养案例, 也是唯一一个有记载的涉及通常是竞争对手的动物的案例。simple简单的; typical典型的; famous出名的; rare罕见的, 稀有的。根据后文case of cross-species adoption in the wild可知野生跨物种领养是一个罕见案例。故选D。
6.【解析】选B。friends朋友; competitors竞争对手; partners伙伴; neighbors邻居。根据第一段中The lions and leopards of a national park in India normally do not get along. 可知狮子和豹子本来是竞争对手, 故选B。
7.【解析】选A。Initially起初; Luckily幸运地; Certainly当然; Unexpectedly意外地。结合后文the park workers thought the association would be brief, but this went on. 可知起初公园工作人员认为这种联系会很简短, 但事情继续下去了。故选A。
8. 【解析】选B。句意: 人们观察到这一家子在公园里逗游。expected预期; observed观察; persuaded说服; pushed推。结合后文to tour the park可知母狮子和幼崽这一家子被人们观察到在公园里逗游。故选B。
9. 【解析】选C。cooked烹饪; packed包装; shared分享; burned燃烧。结合上文The lioness took care of the baby可知母狮子给小豹子分享自己猎取到的肉。故选C。
10.【解析】选D。句意: 这种不太可能的联系肯定是惊人的。experience经历; affair事情; agreement协议; connection联系, 连接。本来是竞争对手的两个物种, 结果母狮子却收养了一只小豹子还成为了一个家庭, 这种联系让人觉得不可思议。故选D。
11. 【解析】选B。句意: 尽管这种收养令人费解, 但它突出了这两个物种之间的相似性。communication交流; similarities相似性; behavior行为; differences差异。根据后文lions and leopards play and beg for milk in similar ways. 可知这两个物种之间存在一定的相似性。故选B。
12.【解析】选A。句意: 狮子和豹子以相似的方式玩耍和讨奶, 直到它们进入成年期, 那时社会差异就显现出来了。emerge显现; remain保持; recover恢复; survive幸存。结合上文Until they reach young adulthood, when social differences可知直到狮子和豹子进入成年期, 他们的社会差异就会显现出来。故选A。
13. 【解析】选C。句意: 对于这只母狮子来说, 她可能忽略了小豹子更像豹子特征——他的气味、大小和有斑点的外表。compared比较; disliked不喜欢; ignored忽视; protected保护。结合后文the baby’s more leopard-like features— his smell, size and spotted appearance可知母狮子收养小豹子是因为她忽略了小豹子的豹子特征。故选C。
14. 【解析】选D。句意: 对于一本儿童读物来说, 野生动物间的跨物种领养故事足够可爱, 但又足够奇怪到吸引科学家。incident事件; experience经历; report报告; tale故事, 神话。结合后文for a children’s book可知野生动物间的跨物种领养更像是会出现在儿童读物里的故事。故选D。
15. 【解析】选A。strange陌生的; caring关心他人的; reliable可靠的; moving移动的。第二段中case of cross-species adoption in the wild提到跨物种领养本来就是个罕见的案例, 所以对于科学家来说, 野生动物间跨物种领养是很奇怪的。故选A。
VII. 【参考范文】
Anne, Adam and Kristin were overjoyed at the response. More than 25 kind neighbors showed up over several weekends to volunteer and donate supplies. The volunteers brought their own supplies and tools, repainted the house and donated the old and rusty unused car to the charity organizations. All work was done for free. During the break, Anne made and served homemade orange juice and her family’s special carrot cakes to the volunteers.
Anne decided to do something in return. She spent a whole week preparing a gathering to express thanks to those who offered her the kind help. Then she invited them to come. That day, it was amazing that nearly all the volunteer neighbors came. They talked happily like family members. Before the party ended, Anne presented each with a love card and they took a photo together, Anne posted the photo including these words: When we come together to love and help each other, we can make a beautiful difference.(共38张PPT)
Unit 4
单元重难知识点复习
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. determine vt. 查明; 确定; 决定
【教材原句】
However, some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space. (P40)
然而, 一些科学家决心帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。
【词块必记】
(1)determine to do sth. 决心做某事
determine on/upon (doing) sth. 决定(做)某事
(2)determined adj. 有决心的, 意志坚定的
be determined to do sth. 下定决心做某事
be determined that. . . 决心……
(3)determination n. 决定, 确定
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The outcome of this election will be __________ (determine)by the votes and by
the law.
②Everyone concerned acted with great courage and _____________ (determine).
③We are __________ (determine) to rescue his two countrymen.
determined
determination
determined
【例句赏析】
He is determined to get ahead of others in studies, so he works day and night.
他决心在学习上胜过别人, 所以他日夜努力。
2. argue vt. & vi. 论证; 争辩; 争论
【典型例句】
*I don’t want to argue with you—just do it.
我不想和你争辩, 干吧!
【词块必记】
(1)argue with sb. about/over sth. 与某人争论某事
argue for/against (doing) sth. 据理力争/反对某事
argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
argue that . . . 主张/争辩说……
(2)argument n. 争论; 争吵; 论点
have an argument with sb. 与某人争吵/争论
beyond argument 无可争辩
熟词生义
These latest developments argue a change in government policy.
最近的事态发展表明政府改变了政策。( )
证明, 表明
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①It ______________(argue) by some that gifted children should be grouped in
special classes in the past few years.
②In this article I will point out some further explanations, and argue ___ one of them.
完成句子
③The committee is concerned about players’ behaviour, especially ___________
(与……争吵) referees.
④We’d like to ask you to help us ________________(解决一场争论).
has been argued
for
arguing with
settle an argument
3. disappointed adj. 失望的; 沮丧的
【典型例句】
One by one, the applicants left the interview’s office with disappointed looks on the faces.
求职者一个接一个地面带失望的表情离开了面试间。
【词块必记】
(1)be disappointed at/with/about sth. 对……失望
be disappointed in/with sb. 对某人感到失望
(2)disappointing adj. 令人失望的; 令人扫兴的
(3)disappoint vt. 使失望
(4)disappointment n. 失望; 沮丧
to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①To my ______________ (disappoint), they refused my request.
②We were all disappointed ____________ the news that our picnic was cancelled
because of the rain.
③The author feels ____________ (disappoint) about the solutions to the problem.
完成句子
④The outcome of the court case ________________(是令人失望的) for the family
involved.
⑤____________________(使我失望的是)was that I failed to pass the test.
disappointment
at/with/about
disappointed
was disappointing
What disappointed me
4. attach vt. 系; 绑; 贴
【典型例句】
*I have no choice but to bother you to correct my mistakes in the material I attach to the letter.
我别无选择, 只有麻烦您帮我修改一下我附在信后的材料。
【词块必记】
(1)attach sth. to sth. 把……附在……上
attach importance/significance to 重视, 认为……重要/有意义
(2)attached adj. (作表语)附属于; 依恋
be attached to 附属于; 依恋
(3)attachment n. 附属物; 爱慕, 依恋
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①On returning home, she found a note ________ (attach) to the door, reading “Call
in later”.
②Learning strategies, __ which teachers attach importance, have not yet drawn
enough attention of students.
③The boy is now studying in the middle school ________(attach) to the normal
university.
attached
to
attached
句式升级(过去分词短语作状语改写)
④He is so attached to the network games that he often plays truant.
→___________________________________, he often plays truant.
Attached to the network games so much
5. lack vi. & vt. 缺乏; 没有 n. 缺乏
【典型例句】
*They lack physical exercise and the skill to communicate with their friends face to face.
他们缺乏体能锻炼和面对面与朋友们交际的能力。
【词块必记】
(1)for lack of 因缺乏……
a lack of 缺乏……
(2)lacking adj. 短缺的; 缺乏的
be lacking in 缺少……
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities ___ lack of space.
②This is what motivation or the lack __ it can do.
升级句式(动词-ing形式作主语改写)
③He lacks the confidence in his study, which accounts for why he makes little
progress.
→__________________________________________why he makes little
progress.
for
of
Lacking the confidence in his study accounts for
Ⅱ. 核心短语
6. result in导致; 造成
【典型例句】
Research has shown that having a preference for junk food can result in obesity.
研究表明, 偏爱垃圾食品会导致肥胖。
【词块必记】
as a result of 由于 (后跟原因)
result from 起因, 由于 (后跟原因)
with the result that. . . 结果……
without result 毫无结果
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I learned that shouting and threats of punishment would result __ a disaster.
②As __ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
③Jenny nearly missed the flight as a result __ doing too much shopping.
文化金句 Competition can be healthy, but if it is pushed too far it can result in
bullying.
竞争可以是良性的, 但如果被推向极端, 就会导致恃强凌弱。
in
a
of
Ⅲ. 经典句式
7. Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.
首先, 探索太空已经在与世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了作用。
【典型例句】
Listening to loud music at rock concerts has caused hearing loss in some teenagers. 在摇滚音乐会上听很吵的音乐已经造成了一些青少年的听力丧失。
【句型公式】
exploring space是动名词短语在句中作主语。
动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况:
(1)位于句首作主语。
(2)用it作形式主语, 把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。常用于“It is no use doing. . . ”, “It is no good doing. . . ”, “It is a waste of time doing. . . ”等句型中。
(3)动名词的复合结构作主语。当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时, 常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格作动名词的逻辑主语, 构成动名词的复合结构。
【语境速测】 完成句子
①________________________is not a pleasure but a suffer.
在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。
②__________________was a great encouragement to us.
他们来帮忙对我们是极大的鼓励。
③It is a waste of time _______________________________.
劝说这样的人加入我们真是浪费时间。
Working in these conditions
Their coming to help
persuading such a person to join us
【例句赏析】
①Watching news on TV has become a routine for me.
在电视上看新闻成了我的常规之事。
②Learning to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future.
学会批判性思考是当代小孩未来所必需的一项重要技能。
【难点解析】
1. beyond prep. 在更远处; 超出
【典型例句】
I spent my childhood working, with responsibilities beyond my age. 我的童年是在工作中度过的, 承担着与年龄不相符的责任。
【词块必记】
be beyond sb. 使某人无法想象(或理解、做等)
beyond belief 不可置信
beyond control 无法控制
beyond description 难以形容
beyond endurance 难以忍受
beyond expectation 出乎意料
beyond hope 没有指望
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Elizabeth has already achieved success _______ her wildest dreams.
②Such test is far _______ the ability of the average schoolkid.
完成句子
③Everybody was touched ____________(无以言表)after they heard her moving
story.
④It’s quite __________(超出我的理解能力)why such things have been allowed to
happen.
beyond
beyond
beyond words
beyond me
【例句赏析】
It had been a success far beyond their expectations.
成功之大远远超过他们的预期。
2. run out 用完; 耗尽
【典型例句】
In the future, care for the environment will become very important as earth’s natural resources run out. 在未来, 爱护环境将变得很重要, 因为地球的自然资源濒临枯竭。
【误区释疑】
run out of 及物动词短语, 表示主动含义, 主语一般为人
run out 不及物动词短语, 主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等 (常用进行时表将来)
use up 用尽; 吃光 (及物动词短语, 人作主语)
give out 用完, 耗尽 (不及物动词短语)
【语境速测】 完成句子
①Our food is ___________, so we must buy some today.
我们的食物快没有了, 因此今天我们必须买一些。
②She has ________________all her money and her patience is also ___________.
她已经把钱花光了, 并且她也越来越没有耐心了。
③Don’t ________________. Leave me some to wash with.
不要把肥皂都用完了。留一些给我用。
④After a month, their food supplies ________.
一个月以后, 他们的食物储备消耗殆尽。
running out
run out of/used up
running out
use up all the soap
gave out
IV. 话题与写作
假定你是李华, 你们班对于是否需要太空探索进行了热烈的讨论。请根据下面的提示, 用英语写一篇短文。
1. 大部分赞成: 许多新产品, 如气象卫星、通信卫星都直接得益于空间研究, 使全球人民受益匪浅;
2. 一些人反对: 太空探索浪费时间和金钱;
3. 你的观点。
Step 1 写作技巧
1. 词汇提升(短语优先)。
There are many students who believe that space exploration has more advantages.
→There are ____________students who believe that space exploration has more
advantages.
a majority of
2. 句式多变 (用it作形式主语)。
However, others think that space exploration is a waste of time and money.
→However, others think that _________________________________________.
3. 思维品质(谚语的使用)。
_____________________(任何事物都有两面性). In my opinion, though space
exploration is a challenge to human beings, it is worth it.
it is a waste of time and money to explore space
Every coin has two sides
Step 2 妙笔成篇
Recently, our class had a heated discussion about whether we need space exploration.
There are a majority of students who believe that space exploration has more advantages. Many new products, such as weather and communication satellites, are products of space programs, and they have benefited people all over the world.
However, others think that it is a waste of time and money to explore space. They point out the fact that it has cost billions of dollars to carry out the space research, but there have been many mysteries with little information brought back.
Every coin has two sides. In my opinion, though space exploration is a challenge to human beings, it is worth it.必修第三册Unit 4综合检测
第一部分 听力 (共两节, 满分30分)（略）
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节, 满分35分)
第一节(共10小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分25分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
If you grew up watching the kid’s television channel Nickelodeon, you will probably understand that there is nothing greater than enjoying its special bright green slime (水晶泥). The week of May 11, astronauts aboard the International Space Station (ISS) joined the slime.
Nickelodeon sent two kilos of its green slime into space in the summer of 2019. The Slime in Space project’s idea was to create an educational trip for teachers to use in class. The green slime was also used to guide astronauts through a series of experiments that were designed to learn more about how slime acts in microgravity.
Researchers from Portland State University (PSU) were excited to design the experiments for the project. Mark Weislogel and his partner designed eight shows for NASA astronauts and European Space Agency astronauts aboard to perform.
If you’re wondering what we could hope to learn from sending slime into space, the answer lies in its very name. Slime is slimy. This is because it is a liquid that is thicker than liquids like water. This makes slime act in unexpected ways in the microgravity of the ISS. Improving our understanding of how thicker liquids act in space may help us improve the design of systems that something were designed with Earth’s gravity in mind.
“Interestingly, we consider liquid on Earth as that takes the shape of its container, ” Koch tells CNN. “Water just turns into a ball in microgravity, so we’ve had to have a new understanding of different kinds of matter in space. This experiment shows how microgravity can help us understand things on Earth, especially the things we take for granted. ”
21. In Paragraph 1, Nickelodeon is mentioned .
A. to introduce the topic
B. to attract the kids
C. to make advertisements
D. to share a TV show
22. Why are the experiments with slime designed in space
A. Because they get students interested in space.
B. Because slime takes the shape of its container.
C. Because slime is popular with kids in the TV show.
D. Because they help us understand how slime acts in space.
23. Which of the following can be the best title of the text
A. Microgravity makes a difference to matters.
B. Astronauts join the slime in space for science.
C. Kids join the slime so as to become astronauts.
D. Experiments are designed with slimy slime.
B
Making beer on the moon might seem like a pipe dream to many, but for a group of students from the University of California at San Diego, there is a chance to take their research beyond Earth’s surface.
The Lab2Moon competition, held by TeamIndus, is offering students the chance to secure a spot on the TeamIndus rocket this year.
Taking craft beer to the next level, the students want to test whether it’s possible for yeast (酵母) to work and create beer on the moon. However, they believe the experiment is not just a creative concept for astronauts, it’s also important for the development of drugs and yeast-containing food, like bread.
“The idea started out with a few laughs among a group of friends, ” said Neeki Ashari, a fifth-year bioengineering student at UC San Diego. “We all appreciate the craft of beer. When we heard that there was an opportunity to design an experiment that would appear on India’s moonlander, we thought we could combine our hobby with the competition by focusing on the practicality (可行性) of yeast in outer space. ”
The preparation work for the beer — up to the stage of adding yeast — will all be done on Earth, and rather than separating the fermentation (发酵) and carbonation stages of making beer, the team plans to combine them.
This removes the need to release CO2 accumulated in the process, which may result in cleanliness and safety issues out in space.
If selected, Team Original Gravity will be the first to make beer in outer space, and the fermentation will take place in a vessel no bigger than a soda can.
All teams competing for the place will showcase their ideas in Bangalore, India.
Sadly, you won’t be enjoying moon beer in your local craft beer bar anytime soon, as no samples will be brought back. However, this small experiment could provide important data on just how practical it is for us to make and create our own resources on other planets and moons by learning how consumables behave in different environments.
24. How did the students feel when they got the chance to design the experiment
A. Excited. B. Nervous.
C. Confident. D. Casual.
25. What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 6 refer to
A. The mixing of two stages.
B. Adding yeast on Earth.
C. The preparation.
D. Fermentation and carbonation.
26. What can we learn about the experiment from the passage
A. It has been designed based on similar experiments.
B. It’s quite competitive compared with other designs.
C. Its design has already been approved by TeamIndus.
D. Its process was adapted to make it safer and greener.
27. What does the author think of the students’ idea
A. It seems like a pipe dream.
B. It’s extremely complicated.
C. It’s meaningful and hopeful.
D. It’s creative but impractical.
C
As we all know, science is blooming more strongly than ever. Recently, NASA astronaut Scott Kelly showed a photo of the orange zinnia (百日菊)on Twitter. It is the first flower to ever bloom in space and has attracted much attention all over the world. This may be the most exciting news in the field of science. The zinnia in the picture is so beautiful and looks similar to that on earth. Kelly cared for it for more than a month.
The Veggie plant growth facility chose the zinnia flower species because it has a longer growth cycle. As a result, it can help scientists understand how plants flower and develop in microgravity(微重力).
“While the plants haven’t grown perfectly, ” said Gioia Massa, NASA science team leader for Veggie, “I think we have gained a lot from this, and we are learning both more about plants and fluids and also how better to operate between ground and the station. ”
This was not the first time that scientists had attempted to grow zinnia in space. Other astronauts aboard the International Space Station ( ISS ) began growing the colorful flowers last year. However, due to high humidity (湿度)and low air movement in space, the zinnia leaked (渗透)water out of the tips of the leaves. What was worse, the spread of harmful bacteria was destroying its growth badly. Kelly then took over the operation and began taking care of the zinnia as he would in his own garden.
The ISS also successfully grew red romaine lettuce in July 2015. Kelly even took a bite of the harvested plants and posted the photo on his Twitter. NASA’s new experiment using the Veggie plant growth system will be started later. Astronauts will attempt to grow Chinese cabbages. The space agency will then attempt to grow dwarf tomatoes in 2018.
28. Why does the zinnia cause public concern
A. It is the first life to be found in space.
B. It is the first plant to ever grow in space.
C. It is the first zinnia to ever grow in space.
D. It is the first flower to ever bloom in space.
29. Why did scientists choose to grow the zinnia
A. It was easy to grow.
B. Astronauts liked it most.
C. Other plants died in space.
D. It lived longer than other flowers.
30. What can we learn from the text
A. More plants will grow in space.
B. The conditions in space are good for plant growth.
C. Scott Kelly isn’t experienced in planting flowers.
D. Gioia Massa doesn’t think much of the experiment.
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2分, 满分10分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Long before we had airplanes, people had been experimenting with different flying machines. We still use some of those flying machines today. 31
Hot-air balloons and gliders(滑翔机) use air currents(气流) for movement. Hot-air balloon pilots control their aircraft by going up or down into air currents that move the balloon. The pilot controls the balloon’s movement by heating the air inside the balloon, or by allowing it to cool naturally. 32 Small planes pull gliders along a runway to help them take off. But once in the air, gliders use the currents, not an engine, to move. Their long wings and strong body give riders a safe, smooth flight. 33
Helicopters(直升机) first appeared during World War Ⅱ. A helicopter doesn’t have wings, but, like an airplane, it has an engine that makes its blades(螺旋桨) move at high speeds. This allows the helicopter to rise into the sky. 34 But helicopters can stay in one place in the sky for a long time. Today helicopters are mostly used by medical teams and the army. But you can also take a helicopter ride for fun. 35
So before your next aircraft ride, remember that airplanes aren’t the only way to fly.
A. An airplane has to keep moving.
B. Gliders also use air currents to rise and glide.
C. Learning to fly a helicopter isn’t a simple task.
D. Hot-air balloons and gliders are most often used for fun.
E. Some depend on air for movement, while others use engines.
F. Many tourist attractions offer helicopter rides for sightseeing.
G. Every flying machine has its own special characteristics, some good, some not so good.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分45分)
第一节 (共20小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分30分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The other day, my husband and I took the kids for dinner at a branch of Pizza Express. There was a very friendly lady 36 alone at the next table. When the time came for her to pay the 37 , her bank card was declined. The waitress told her, in a very kind way, that there was a 38 but that she would call her manager for help. Seeing this, my husband 39 got up and told the waiting staff that we would pay for the lady’s meal. 40 , when the manager arrived, he explained to the lady that although she couldn’t use her 41 , there was no need to 42 . Pizza Express authorizes (授权) the restaurant to 43 two free meals per month and on this 44 , they would like to provide her with a free meal.
She was extremely grateful and apologetic that she had been 45 to pay. We were relieved that the lady had been 46 with dignity instead of being placed in a 47 position.
Then, the manager 48 our table. He said that, 49 we had shown such generosity, he would like to donate the second free meal that the restaurant was able to 50 to us! We were absolutely 51 ! I had never heard of any chain restaurant behaving in such a(n) 52 way. We were quite 53 with gratitude. I made sure that the lady was able to get home OK, and then we 54 the staff and left ourselves. I was really impressed by how the restaurant had treated this 55 case.
36. A. waiting B. dining C. ordering D. working
37. A. menu B. recipe C. service D. bill
38. A. problem B. solution C. disadvantage D. technique
39. A. cautiously B. bravely C. immediately D. slowly
40. A. However B. Finally C. Actually D. Therefore
41. A. cash B. check C. phone D. card
42. A. pay B. help C. worry D. bother
43. A. give away B. pick up C. let out D. take on
44. A. condition B. occasion C. moment D. demand
45. A. ready B. likely C. unable D. unwilling
46. A. appreciated B. encouraged C. treated D. pleased
47. A. dangerous B. pleasant C. painful D. difficult
48. A. approached B. removed C. noticed D. cleaned
49. A. if B. after C. as D. when
50. A. share B. offer C. spare D. cover
51. A. annoyed B. astonished C. interested D. confused
52. A. strange B. awkward C. abnormal D. generous
53. A. filled B. equipped C. supplied D. burdened
54. A. praised B. met C. greeted D. thanked
55. A. unique B. regular C. special D. complex
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS) have fixed a hole in the shell of its outer wall. The ISS is a large satellite in space 56. _____________ scientists live to do scientific experiments. The first part of it 57._____________ (put) into space in 1998. Last week, NASA warned astronauts on the ISS that air was 58._____________ (slow) leaking out of the station. Astronaut Alexander Gerst and five other astronauts spent a lot of time 59. __________ (look) for the leak. Mr Gerst eventually found it and he put his finger over the hole. Luckily, the hole was only two millimeters wide, so it was not serious, but it did need 60.__________________ (fix).
The hole was in a Russian Soyuz MS-09 spacecraft. NASA said it could have been caused 61. _______________a small piece of space junk. The ISS travels at 62.________ speed of around 28, 000 kph. Even a tiny object 63._____________ (hit) it can cause a lot of damage. Flight 64. ___________(control) in the USA and Russia worked together with the crew to repair the hole.
A NASA official said the crew on the ISS are 65.____________ (health) and safe after the repair.
第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
假定你是李华, 你的英国朋友Eric来信询问你校即将举行的英语辩论赛的相关情况。请你给他写一封回信, 内容包括:
1. 辩论赛的时间、地点;
2. 辩论赛的主题: 航天探索是否值得;
3. 奖品设置。
注意: 1. 词数80个左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面短文, 根据所给情节进行续写, 使之构成一个完整的故事。
During lunchtime, Emma suggested going to the zoo to feed the animals and her mom agreed.
“We’ll stop by the bakery and pick some bread up. Now hurry and eat and then we’ll go. It’s going to be a lovely day. Grandma is coming with us. She’ll be here any minute, ”mom said.
Emma ate her lunch and then ran into her room to get her shoes. The problem was that she could only find one of them. She looked under her bed, but all she could see were dirty towels and pants. She moved some of her toys out of the way, but still couldn’t find her shoe. After she’d checked everywhere in her room, she ran into the kitchen. “Mom, I can’t find my shoe. Will you wait while I look for it ”she asked.
Her mom thought about how many times she’d told Emma to clean her room up. She whispered something to Emma’s grandma and then said to Emma, “You will have to stay home. Your dad and I will take Ryan to the zoo. Grandma will stay here with you. ”
“No! Please wait for me. I want to go to the zoo, ”Emma cried. “I’m sorry, Emma. I’ve told you a dozen times to clean your room and you ignored me. You can’t find your shoe now. It’s your own fault for not doing as I asked. You will stay home. ”
Emma ran into her bedroom, crying. Her mom came to the door and said, “Emma, clean that room of yours before I get home. I’ve told grandma not to give you any sweets until you finish the work. ” She went out to the car with Ryan and Emma’s dad and then they drove away.
注意:
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右;
2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语;
3. 续写部分分为两段, 每段的开头语已为你写好;
4. 续写完成后, 请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
Emma sat on her bed and cried for a long time.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Emma and her grandma were sitting at the table, eating when her mom, dad, and Ryan came home.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
第一部分 听力 (共两节, 满分30分)（略）
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节, 满分35分)
第一节(共10小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分25分)
A
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了宇航员把水晶泥带入太空进行实验以及这个实验的重要意义。
21. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据下文的内容可知, 文章主要介绍了宇航员把水晶泥带入太空进行实验, 这对于我们研究地球物质有很大意义, 可推断第一段提到Nickelodeon的水晶泥是为了引出话题。故选A。
22. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第二段“The green slime was also used to guide astronauts through a series of experiments that were designed to learn more about how slime acts in microgravity. ”可知, 在太空进行水晶泥实验是为了更好地了解水晶泥在微重力下的表现。故选D。
23. 【解析】选B。主旨大意题。第一段The week of May 11, astronauts aboard the International Space Station(ISS) joined the slime. 是全文的主题句, 结合全文内容可知, 文章主要围绕宇航员把水晶泥带入太空进行实验以及这个实验所带来的意义。所以这篇文章最好的题目是“宇航员为了科学把水晶泥带入太空”故选B。
B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。由TeamIndus举办的Lab2Moon比赛有望让学生在月球上酿造啤酒的梦想得以实现。
24. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段可知, 虽然在月球上酿造啤酒对于许多人来说是白日梦, 但是对一群来自加州大学圣地亚哥分校的学生来说, 他们有机会在地球以外开展他们的研究; 又根据第四段中的“We all appreciate the craft of beer . . . of yeast in outer space”可推知, 他们有做这个实验的机会时应是兴奋的, 故A项正确。
25. 【解析】选A。代词指代题。根据第五段可知, 该实验小组在准备工作中计划把发酵过程和碳化过程结合起来; 结合第六段“This removes the need to release CO2 accumulated in the process, which may result in cleanliness and safety issues out in space”可知, 这种准备工作排除了在这个过程中释放累积的二氧化碳的需要, 这种需要可能导致外太空的清洁和安全问题。据此可推知, This指代两个阶段结合起来, 故A项正确。
26.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第六段可知, 这种准备工作排除了在这个过程中释放累积的二氧化碳的需要, 这种需要可能导致外太空的清洁和安全问题; 根据第七段可知, 发酵过程将在一个不比苏打罐大的容器中进行。据此可推知, 该实验过程经过改造后, 将更安全、环保, 故D项正确。
27. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据尾段尾句可知, 通过了解消耗品在不同环境中的反应, 这个小实验可以提供重要的数据, 告诉我们在其他行星和月球上制造我们自己的资源有多可行。据此可推知, 这项实验是有意义、有希望的, 故C项正确。
C
【文章大意】美国航天局宇航员在网上发了一张照片, 展示了有史以来在太空中开放的首朵花——一支橙色的百日菊。
28. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第一段的It is the first flower to ever bloom in space and has attracted much attention all over the world. 可知, 这张橙色百日菊照片展示的是在太空中开放的第一朵花 , 引起了世界关注。
29. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第二段的The Veggie plant growth facility chose the zinnia flower species because it has a longer growth cycle. 可知, 之所以选中百日菊, 是因为它生长周期更长, 科学家能有更多时间观察植株在微重力状态下的生长情况。
30. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。由最后一段的NASA’s new experiment using the Veggie plant growth system will be started later. Astronauts will attempt to grow Chinese cabbages. The space agency will then attempt to grow dwarf tomatoes in 2018. 可知未来将会有更多植物在太空生长。
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2分, 满分10分)
【文章大意】本文是说明文, 除了常见的飞机, 还有许多飞行器能带人们飞上天空。
31. 【解析】选E。由下文可知, 作者按照飞行器的飞行原理(靠气流或引擎飞行)进行了分类和介绍, 因此E项符合语境。
32. 【解析】选B。本空之前的话题是hot-air balloons, 之后的话题是gliders, 因此本空起着引出新话题gliders的作用, B项符合要求。
33. 【解析】选D。第二段和第三段分别介绍了不同飞行器的飞行原理和主要用途, 本空与第三段的最后一部分介绍直升机的主要用途相照应, 应介绍热气球和滑翔机的主要用途, 故填D项。
34. 【解析】选A。上文介绍直升机与飞机的相同之处——靠引擎飞行, A项内容与下文中的But helicopters can stay in one place in the sky for a long time形成转折关系, 介绍直升机和飞机的不同之处。
35. 【解析】选F。F项承接上文中的you can also take a helicopter ride for fun, 说明许多景点提供乘坐直升机观光的服务。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分45分)
第一节 (共20小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分30分)
【文章大意】作者和丈夫去餐馆吃饭, 看到有位女士就餐后无法刷卡买单, 作者一家提出愿意帮她支付, 结果餐馆不但免除了那位女士的餐费, 而且因为作者一家人的善良慷慨也免除了他们的餐费。作者一家既意外, 又感动。
36. 【解析】选B。根据下文“we would pay for the lady’s meal” 可知, 此处表示作者看到有位女士一个人在“就餐(dining)”。
37. 【解析】选D。根据语境可知, 在餐馆里吃完饭后要买“单(bill)”。
38. 【解析】选A。根据上文“her bank card was declined”可知, 那位女士用银行卡支付时出现了“问题(problem)”。
39. 【解析】选C。作者的丈夫“马上(immediately)”起身, 提出愿意为那位女士买单。
40. 【解析】选A。由后面发生的事情可知, 此处表示转折关系。故选A。
41. 【解析】选D。根据上文“her bank card was declined”可知, 那位女士的“银行卡(card)”无法使用。
42. 【解析】选C。结合下文内容可知, 此处表示餐馆经理安慰那位女士不必“担心(worry)”。
43. 【解析】选A。根据下文中的“free”可知, 此处表示免费“赠送”。
44. 【解析】选B。on this occasion意为“在这种情况下”。
45.【解析】选C。根据语境可知, 女士既感激又因自己“未能(unable)”付款而觉得不好意思。
46. 【解析】选C。看到餐馆这样“对待(treated)”那位女士, 作者和丈夫感到欣慰。
47. 【解析】选D。餐馆顾及了那位女士的自尊, 没有让她处于“难堪的(difficult)”境地。
48.【解析】选A。根据后面故事的发展, 餐馆经理向作者一家所在的饭桌“走过来(approached)”。
49. 【解析】选C。as表示原因。由下文可知正因为(as)作者一家愿意替那位女士付款的大方, 经理表示, 餐馆愿意把第二个免费就餐的机会“提供(offer)”给作者一家。
50. 【解析】选B。参见上题解析。
51.【解析】选B。由上文可知, 作者一家对此感到非常意外和“吃惊(astonished)”。
52. 【解析】选D。作者以前从未听说过任何一家连锁餐馆有过这种“慷慨大方”的举止。
53.【解析】选A。作者一家对餐馆的表现“充满了(filled)”感激。
54. 【解析】选D。在离开餐馆之前, 作者一家对餐馆员工表达了“感谢(thanked)”。
55. 【解析】选C。餐馆对这种“特殊”情况的处理方式给作者留下了非常深刻的印象。
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国国家航空航天局警告国际空间站上的宇航员, 空气正缓慢地从空间站泄漏出来。美国和俄罗斯的飞行控制人员与机组人员一起修复了这个洞。
56. 【解析】 where。考查定语从句。 scientists live to do scientific experiments. 是一个定语从句, 修饰先行词a large satellite, 关系词where在从句中作地点状语。
57. 【解析】was put。考查动词时态和语态。描述发生在过去的事情, 用一般过去时; “它的第一部分”和“送入太空”之间是被动关系, 用被动语态, 所以填was put。
58. 【解析】slowly。考查副词。句意: 上周, 美国国家航空航天局警告国际空间站上的宇航员, 空气正缓慢地从空间站泄漏出来。修饰动词短语leaking out, 用副词, 所以填slowly。
59. 【解析】looking。考查非谓语动词。spend some time (in) doing sth. 花费时间做某事, 该句型是固定句型, 所以填looking。
60. 【解析】fixing/to be fixed。考查非谓语动词。need doing=need to be done意为“需要做某事”, 该用法是固定用法, 所以填fixing/to be fixed。
61. 【解析】by。考查介词。表示“由……造成”用by。
62. 【解析】a。考查固定短语。at a speed of意为“以……的速度”, 该短语是固定短语。
63. 【解析】hitting。考查非谓语动词。句意: 即使是一个很小的物体击中它也会造成很大的伤害。 (hit) it作定语, 修饰a tiny object, “一个很小的物体”和“击中”之间是主动关系, 用现在分词作定语, 所以填hitting。
64. 【解析】controllers。考查名词复数。句意: 美国和俄罗斯的飞行控制人员与机组人员一起修复了这个洞。该空作句子主语, 用名词, “控制人员”是复数意义, 用名词复数。
65. 【解析】healthy。考查形容词。句意: 美国国家航空航天局的一名官员说, 国际空间站上的工作人员在修复了洞之后是健康且安全的。作be动词后的表语, 用形容词。
第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
【参考范文】
Dear Eric,
I’m glad to tell you about the English debate competition, which will be held in my school. Here are some details for you.
The competition will take place next Friday afternoon in the school hall. It will last two hours. All the competitors selected from every class must give their opinions and take turns to debate on the topic of whether space exploration is worthwhile. I think the awards will surprise you. The champion debater will have the opportunity to visit the Space Museum. Besides, another three excellent debaters chosen from every group will receive a mysterious prize.
Are there any wonderful competitions in your school Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
【参考范文】
Paragraph 1:
Emma sat on her bed and cried for a long time. And then she wiped her eyes and started to clean her room. It took her two hours to clean up the room. “I did it! ”she said proudly. She even found her missing shoe. She ran into the living room. “Grandma! Come and see. I cleaned my room and found my shoe. ” Grandma looked in Emma’s room. “If you had kept it this way, you wouldn’t have lost your e and have some sweets now, ”she said.
Paragraph 2:
Emma and her grandma were sitting at the table, eating when her mom, dad, and Ryan came home. “Well, look at Emma’s room! It’s clean, ”her dad said. “How was the zoo Did you have fun I wish I could have gone there with you, ”Emma said. “If you keep your room clean, we may go and see animals again, ”her mom said. From then on, Emma tried her best to keep her room clean.
