选择性必修第一册Unit 5单元词汇默写本
Ⅰ. 核心单词
1. _______________________ n. 不足; 缺少; 短缺
2. _______________________ vt. 解决(难题); 应付(局面); 处理
3. _______________________ n. 现实; 实际情况; 事实
4. _______________________ vt. 使相信; 使确信; 说服
5. _______________________ n. 假定; 设定; (责任的)承担; (权利的)获得
6. _______________________ vt. (通常经过努力)获得; 得到
7. _______________________ vt. 克服; 解决; 战胜
8. _______________________ adj. 热切的; 十分强烈的; 激烈的
9. _______________________ vt. 产生; 引起
10. _______________________ adj. 完全必要的; 极其重要的
Ⅱ. 拓展单词
1. devote vt. 把……献(给); 把……专用于; 专心于→_______________________ adj. 专心的→_______________________ n. 献身, 热爱
2. deep adj. 深的→_______________________ n. 向下(或向里)的距离; 深(度)
3. expand v. 扩大; 发展→_______________________ n. 扩大, 发展
4. convention n. 惯例; 常规; 习俗→_______________________ adj. 习惯的, 传统的
5. character n. 个性; 品质; 字符; 人物→_______________________ n. 特征; 特点; 品质adj. 典型的; 独特的
6. estimate vt. 估计→_______________________ n. 估算; 估价
7. consume v. 消费→_______________________ n. 消费→_______________________ n. 消费者
8. nutrition n. 营养; 滋养→_______________________ adj. 有营养的→_______________________ adj. 营养(物)的
9. digest v. 消化→_______________________ n. 消化; 领悟
10. entire adj. 整个的; 完全的; 全部的→_______________________ adv. 完全地; 全然地; 整个地
III.核心短语
1. _______________________ 把……用于; 献身; 致力; 专心
2. _______________________ 包括; 由……组成(或构成)
3. _______________________ 在内心深处; 本质上; 实际上
4. _______________________ 相应地; 转而; 依次; 轮流
5. _______________________ 例如; 比如
6. _______________________ 转向
7. _______________________ 使……免受(影响、伤害等)
8. _______________________ 扩大成/发展成为……
9. _______________________通过不懈的努力
10. _______________________ 几乎相反, 远非; 远离
IV.经典句式
1. 句型公式: 主语从句
However, _______________________ (最让他担心的是)was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
2. 句型公式: 介词+关系代词
Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, _______________________( 他为之奉献了一生的).
3. 句型公式: 动词不定式作目的状语
_______________________ (为了应对这一危机), he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.
4. 句型公式: given that 考虑到
_______________________(考虑到)Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.
参考答案
Ⅰ. 核心单词
1. shortage n. 不足; 缺少; 短缺
2. tackle vt. 解决(难题); 应付(局面); 处理
3. reality n. 现实; 实际情况; 事实
4. convince vt. 使相信; 使确信; 说服
5. assumption n. 假定; 设定; (责任的)承担; (权利的)获得
6. attain vt. (通常经过努力)获得; 得到
7. overcome vt. 克服; 解决; 战胜
8. intense adj. 热切的; 十分强烈的; 激烈的
9. generate vt. 产生; 引起
10. essential adj. 完全必要的; 极其重要的
Ⅱ. 拓展单词
1. devote vt. 把……献(给); 把……专用于; 专心于→devoted adj. 专心的→devotion n. 献身, 热爱
2. deep adj. 深的→depth n. 向下(或向里)的距离; 深(度)
3. expand v. 扩大; 发展→expansion n. 扩大, 发展
4. convention n. 惯例; 常规; 习俗→conventional adj. 习惯的, 传统的
5. character n. 个性; 品质; 字符; 人物→characteristic n. 特征; 特点; 品质adj. 典型的; 独特的
6. estimate vt. 估计→estimation n. 估算; 估价
7. consume v. 消费→consumption n. 消费→consumer n. 消费者
8. nutrition n. 营养; 滋养→nutritious adj. 有营养的→nutritional adj. 营养(物)的
9. digest v. 消化→digestion n. 消化; 领悟
10. entire adj. 整个的; 完全的; 全部的→entirely adv. 完全地; 全然地; 整个地
III.核心短语
1. devote. . . to 把……用于; 献身; 致力; 专心
2. be comprised of 包括; 由……组成(或构成)
3. deep down 在内心深处; 本质上; 实际上
4. in turn 相应地; 转而; 依次; 轮流
5. for instance 例如; 比如
6. turn to 转向
7. keep. . . from. . . 使……免受(影响、伤害等)
8. expand into. . . 扩大成/发展成为……
9. through intense effort 通过不懈的努力
10. far from 几乎相反, 远非; 远离
IV.经典句式
1. 句型公式: 主语从句
However, what concerned him most (最让他担心的是)was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
2. 句型公式: 介词+关系代词
Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he has devoted his life( 他为之奉献了一生的).
3. 句型公式: 动词不定式作目的状语
To tackle this crisis (为了应对这一危机), he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.
4. 句型公式: given that 考虑到
Given that(考虑到)Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure. 选修性必修一 Unit 5 Working the Land
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷) He says it’s not easy ________(convince)people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it.
2. (2020·江苏高考)He said that one of the boxes ________ (generate)around $13, 500 in revenue a month and cost only about $400 to rent.
3. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷) But like anyone for ________ you feel affection, customers can also drive you mad.
4. (2020·全国Ⅰ卷) According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice ________ many as they would burn walking.
5. (2019·天津高考) Most food webs, ________ instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. _______________________________________(她突然想到) Joe was afraid of being alone.
2. _______________________________________ (已经定下来了)the meeting has been put off until next Monday.
3. _______________________________________(既然我的祖父母都已经从城市的工作中退休了), how they are going to spend their retirement is an important decision for them.
4. _______________________________________(鉴于我们对……没有完整的资料) animal detection capabilities, we can only guess as to what the animals are actually sensing.
5. He earns _______________________________________(比我多一倍).
Ⅲ. 语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)
Yuan Longping, known as the “father of hybrid rice”, is one of China’s 1. ___________ (much)famous scientists. Yet, he considers himself a farmer because he continually works the land in his research. Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like 2. ___________ of millions of Chinese farmers, to 3. ___________ he has devoted his life. After 4. ___________ (graduate)from Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing in 1953, he worked as a researcher. Yuan 5. ___________ (convince)that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.
Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical 6. ___________
(difficult) to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.
Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice 7. ___________ (consume)in China is 8. ___________(comprise) of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China’s farmers 9. ___________ (produce)around 200 million tons of rice per year.
10. ___________ impresses people most about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams. He succeeded in producing a kind of rice that could feed more people at home and abroad. Despite his advanced years, Yuan Longping is still young at heart and full of vision, and everyone is waiting to see what he will dream up next.
IV.阅读理解
A
As spring arrives, farmers around the world are making decisions about what crops to plant and how to manage them. In the U. S. , farmers typically have big data to help make these decisions. These data have a clear upside. They make farms more productive. In the U. S. , the past five years have seen a series of good harvests for both corn and soybean. A big part is generated by effectively using data to produce more food from the same amount of land, seed and fertilizer.
In the poorer parts of the world, however, the picture is much different. Many farmers are guided only by their history with the land and their community’s traditions. Their skills and knowledge are impressive, but they suffer from a poverty of data. They rely on technical advisors for advice from governments and academic centers who often have very little knowledge of the local area. For seeds and fertilizers and other materials used in the field, they rely on companies that lack data on how their products will perform in the local conditions.
About 10 years ago, East African officials and their development partners started to explore why so few smallholder dairy farmers made profits from growing demand from urban consumers. Surveys of farmers in the region suggested poor access to veterinary care and breeding assistance. An effort to provide these services has helped farmers get more milk.
Data would matter little if farming was easy and the paths to productivity were obvious. But in reality, agriculture is a complex mix of many factors, including climate, biology, chemistry, physics, economics and culture—all of which vary from region to region. In this situation, good data are necessary.
1. How have big data benefited American’s farmers
A. By informing the farmers to plant crops earlier.
B. By helping make farms more productive.
C. By increasing the amount of land for farming.
D. By producing more seeds and fertilizers.
2. What do farmers in poor countries need to improve their farming
A. Farming skills. B. Technical guidance.
C. Big data. D. Farming materials.
3. Why does the writer mention the case of East Africa
A. To show that East Africa relies heavily on dairy farming.
B. To illustrate cooperation between countries was a great success.
C. To serve as an example of how data help farmers in poor areas.
D. To prove that city people in East Africa didn’t like drinking milk.
4. What can we learn from the passage
A. Many changeable factors have influences on farming.
B. East African dairy farmers were experienced in raising cows.
C. The American farmers can’t decide what they will plant.
D. The technical advisors in poor areas know the local areas well.
B
When planning a vacation, many people consider the popular tourist sites they want to visit. But that’s not what my husband and I did when we planned our vacation to Japan. We thought about the kind of farm we wanted to visit.
Ours was far from a typical(典型的) vacation. We were WWOOFing! WWOOF stands for World Wide Opportunities on Organic Farms. The organization connects people interested in organic farming. Volunteers, known as WWOOFers, help their hosts with daily activities. These include everything from baking bread to picking vegetables. Hosts provide volunteers with food and provide a place for them to stay.
My husband and I certainly felt like family when our host met us at the train station. She told us to call her Okasan—Mom. Likewise, we called her husband Otosan—Dad. Okasan and Otosan own an organic vegetable farm that tries to provide the local people with fresh, healthy food. When no WWOOFers are around to help, the farm work is done only by Otosan and Okasan. As part of the family, we were able to enjoy the fruits of our labor at every meal. Eating fresh vegetables three times a day combined with six hours of farm work, certainly did our bodies good. We planted vegetables and cleared rocks from fields. We also packed the vegetables so they could be sold at the market.
Perhaps the most challenging thing we did was weeding a rice field. It was quite challenging because the leaves and roots of the weeds look very similar to the rice. It’s not until both plants are mature (成熟的) that you can clearly tell them apart—only one produces rice.
WWOOFing is unlike anything I’ve ever done before, and I can’t wait to do it again! Let’s take part in WWOOF!
5. What do we know about WWOOF
A. It belongs to a Japanese farm.
B. It helps the poor do farm work.
C. It provides tourists with hotels.
D. It is an organization connected with farming.
6. What can we infer from Paragraph 3 about Okasan and Otosan’s farm
A. It benefits both the locals and WWOOFers.
B. It attracts many visitors every day.
C. It provides free food for the locals.
D. It is supported by the government.
7. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A. The method of producing rice.
B. The hard time of the farm family.
C. The difficulties in weeding a rice field.
D. The most challenging thing for WWOOF.
8. The author would most likely describe her WWOOFing as______.
A. satisfying B. worrying
C. boring D. tiring
V. 完形填空
Farming and Gardening
Agriculture has a long history in China. Much of the wisdom 1 by early Chinese scientists is still useful for farmers and gardeners today. One of China’s early 2 scientists was Jia Sixie, who lived in the sixth century AD. He spent his time doing research into agriculture. He collected information, studied it, did experiments and learnt from the 3 of farmers.
Around 540 AD, he wrote a book called Qimin Yaoshu. The book is about both farming and 4 . It includes advice on the following subjects: growing green vegetables and fruit trees, keeping animals, and fish in lakes. There are also 5 for making wine. Jia Sixie’s book is a(n) 6 guide for farming. Firstly, as a farmer you should do things at the right time of the year. If you sow seeds and 7 young plants in the fields at the correct time of the year, your work will be less and the results will be better. But if you 8 nature and do things at the wrong time of the year, you will have to do more work and the results will not be so good. The 9 of the soil is also very important. Examine the soil on your farm 10 . If the condition of your soil is not good, you should improve it. Before sowing or planting crops, you must clean rough ground and remove weeds. Let sheep or cows walk on the land to 11 the weeds or eat them. The best harvest is reached when farmers 12 the crops in their fields. For example, do not plant rice year after year in the same field. But if you plant rice in a field one year and wheat in the field the next year, you will 13 good crops. Other scientists said that wheat should be planted with 14 between the plants, but Jia did experiments and 15 that planting wheat close together is better.
1. A. discovered B. recovered C. reported D. repeated
2. A. industrial B. agricultural C. cultural D. article
3. A. adventures B. advantages C. tradition D. experience
4. A. nursing B. gardening C. produce D. trade
5. A. instructions B. constructions C. measures D. treasures
6. A. economical B. practical C. similar D. regular
7. A. drop B. increase C. grow D. throw
8. A. argue against B. go against C. compete with D. deal with
9. A. application B. situation C. condition D. addition
10. A. successfully B. carefully C. gradually D. frequently
11. A. destroy B. prevent C. divide D. limit
12. A. keep B. improve C. manage D. change
13. A. win B. collect C. harvest D. plant
14. A. holes B. lines C. space D. balance
15. A. showed B. meant C. intended D. decided
VI. 读后续写
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When tragedy struck his little girl during the Depression (大萧条), this father did the only thing he could.
The tragedy happened in the year 1933. I was only 6 years old when I was rushed to the hospital with two crushed feet. My parents were told I might never walk again.
The accident happened when I was sitting in front of our house in Lowell, Massachusetts. I was playing in a puddle(水坑) after a rainstorm and suddenly felt a huge weight on my feet. When I looked up, there was a car tire on them. I cried out, but the motor was running and no one could hear me over the engine.
The driver ran across the street for a newspaper. When he got back to his car, he drove away—never knowing he had parked on my feet.
Just about then, our neighbor’s son came home and saw me bending over my feet in pain. He immediately carried me home, and I remember thinking how tall and strong he was.
An ambulance came, and I remained in the hospital for 3 weeks while my feet were “repaired”. When I returned home, I could hardly walk.
I sat in our bay window and watched the children play on the street and longed to join them. . . but I couldn’t. I felt so left out despite my parents’ company.
My parents were told that if I was ever to walk again, I’d need treatment, which in those days meant riding a tricycle(三轮车) to strengthen the muscle and eventually get my feet back into condition for walking.
Our family couldn’t afford such an extravagance(奢侈品). Times were tough during the Depression, and there were five mouths to feed, besides buying coal and wood for the stove.
Dad couldn’t afford the bus fare and on cold winter days he walked 7 miles every day in his only winter coat to get to work. No, there was no money for a tricycle. I would be a cripple(瘸子) all my life.
注意: 续写词数应为150左右。
Then one day, while sitting at my usual place in the window, I saw my father walking up the street carrying a tricycle on his shoulder.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It was many years later before I learned where and how Dad had got the tricycle.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
Ⅰ. 1. He says it’s not easy to convince(convince)people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it.
2. He said that one of the boxes generated (generate)around $13, 500 in revenue a month and cost only about $400 to rent.
3. But like anyone for whom you feel affection, customers can also drive you mad.
4. According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking.
5. Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones.
Ⅱ. 1. It suddenly occurred to her that(她突然想到) Joe was afraid of being alone.
2. It is decided that (已经定下来了)the meeting has been put off until next Monday.
3. Now that both of my grandparents have retired from their jobs in the city(既然我的祖父母都已经从城市的工作中退休了), how they are going to spend their retirement is an important decision for them.
4. Given that we do not have complete information about(鉴于我们对……没有完整的资料) animal detection capabilities, we can only guess as to what the animals are actually sensing.
5. He earns twice as much as I do(比我多一倍).
Ⅲ.
Yuan Longping, known as the “father of hybrid rice”, is one of China’s 1. most (much)famous scientists. Yet, he considers himself a farmer because he continually works the land in his research. Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like 2. that of millions of Chinese farmers, to 3. whom he has devoted his life. After 4. graduating (graduate)from Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing in 1953, he worked as a researcher. Yuan 5. was convinced (convince)that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.
Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical 6. difficulties
(difficult) to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.
Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice 7. consumption (consume)in China is 8. comprised(comprise) of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China’s farmers 9. to produce (produce)around 200 million tons of rice per year.
10. What impresses people most about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams. He succeeded in producing a kind of rice that could feed more people at home and abroad. Despite his advanced years, Yuan Longping is still young at heart and full of vision, and everyone is waiting to see what he will dream up next.
IV.
A
1. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段的These data have a clear upside. They make farms more productive. 可以得出答案。
2. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段内容, 尤其是该段的最后一句For seeds and fertilizers and other materials used in the field, they rely on companies that lack data on how their products will perform in the local conditions. 可以推出答案。
3. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段的Surveys of farmers in the region suggested poor access to veterinary care and breeding assistance. An effort to provide these services has helped farmers get more milk. 可以推出东非的奶农缺少大数据的帮助导致产奶量不高。故选C。
4. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段的But in reality, agriculture is a complex mix of many factors, including climate, biology, chemistry, physics, economics and culture—all of which vary from region to region. In this situation, good data are necessary. 可以得出答案。
B
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要介绍了自己和丈夫在日本有机农场帮农场主干活来换取食宿的经历。
5. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“WWOOF stands for World Wide Opportunities on Organic Farms. The organization connects people interested in organic farming. ”可知, 世界有机农场组织是一个有关农业的组织。
6. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Okasan and Otosan own an organic vegetable farm that tries to provide the local people with fresh, healthy food. ”及“Eating fresh vegetables three times a day. . . certainly did our bodies good. ”可知, 这个家庭农场对当地人和世界有机农场组织的志愿者都有益。
7.【解析】选C。段落大意题。根据倒数第二段中的“the most challenging thing we did was weeding a rice field”可知, 该段主要是描述在有机农场干活遇到的最大挑战——在水稻地里除草。
8. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“WWOOFing is unlike anything I’ve ever done before, and I can’t wait to do it again! ”可知, 作者对她的这次有机农场经历很满意。
V. 【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍了我国古代农业科学家贾思勰对我国古代农业的研究和贡献。他的耕种方法对我国古代农业起了重要的指导作用。
1. 【解析】选A。从词语和搭配考虑, 此处只有discovered才能与wisdom搭配。wisdom后的 ______by early Chinese scientists是过去分词短语作定语。
2. 【解析】选B。根据常识或上下文可知, 贾思勰是我国古代的农业科学家, 故选agricultural。
3. 【解析】选D。learn from the experience of farmers表示“学习农民的(耕作)经验”, 符合语境。
4. 【解析】选B。由本文的标题和第一段第二句推断可知, 选gardening。
5. 【解析】选A。此处表示造酒的“指导, 说明”, 选instructions。
6. 【解析】选B。practical guide意为“切实可行的指导”。
7. 【解析】选C。grow young plants意为“种植幼苗”, 其他选项没有“种植”之意。
8. 【解析】选B。go against nature意为“违背自然(规律)”, 符合句意。
9. 【解析】选C。the condition of the soil表示“土壤的状况/条件”。
10. 【解析】选B。前句指出土壤状况很重要, 本句说明要细心、仔细地检查土壤, 因此选carefully。
11. 【解析】选A。让牛羊在地里走是为了摧毁杂草或者吃掉杂草, 故选destroy。
12. 【解析】选D。从下句中“do not plant rice year after year in the same field”可知庄稼要换着种, 因此选change。
13. 【解析】选C。本句意在表达“如果每年换种不同的庄稼就会有好收成”。harvest good crops意为“收成好”。
14. 【解析】选C。从词语搭配考虑, 本句指的是“种植小麦时, 株与株之间要留有空间”, 而非留有线、洞或平衡, 因此选space。
15. 【解析】选A。前面有Jia did experiments, 因此后面是实验结果“证明, 表明”, 因此选showed。
VI.
【参考范文】
Then one day, while sitting at my usual place in the window, I saw my father walking up the street carrying a tricycle on his shoulder. Was that true I couldn’t believe my eyes. I opened the window and cried out. “Is that tricycle for me ” Having put down the tricycle, Dad told me that it belonged to me, “Ride the tricycle every day, and then you will be all right, my girl! ”From then on, with my father’s company, I rode it every day to strengthen my muscle. Regardless of pain, I kept on practicing riding. Eventually I got my feet back into condition, and could walk normally!
It was many years later before I learned where and how Dad had got the tricycle. My mother told me what happened on those cold winter days. In his only winter coat, he was wandering around the hospital. He begged the doctor to save my feet. Moved by my father, the doctor asked the hospital to give my father a part-time job to do. With the doctor’s help, my father got the job. Working day and night, eventually, he earned enough money to buy the tricycle.(共47张PPT)
选修性必修一 Unit 5 Working the Land
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. convince vt. 使相信; 使确信; 说服
【教材原句】
Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. (P50)
袁隆平坚信, 可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到答案。
【词块必记】
convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
convince sb. that. . . 使某人相信……
【构词法】
convinced adj. 坚信的; 深信的; 确信的; convincing adj. 令人信服的; convincingly adv. 令人信服地; 有说服力地
【易混辨析】
convince指凭行动、事实或言语使他人从思想感情上信服。persuade普通用词, 指通过劝说、感情交流等而使对方做劝说者所希望的事。urge语气强, 指不断地热情地规劝诱导。
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①She was more than ever convinced __ her wisdom in not exposing herself to the
English climate.
②It took many hours __________(convince) me of his guilt.
③By __________ (convince) me that no good could come of staying, he persuaded
me to leave.
④I’m _________(convince) that she is telling the truth.
of
to convince
convincing
convinced
完成句子
⑤They argued heatedly, but ____________________________.
他们争论得很激烈, 但是谁也说服不了谁。
⑥It’s going to be hard to _________________________________________.
很难使我太太相信我们买不起新车。
neither could convince the other
convince my wife that we can’t afford a new car
2. assumption n. [C] 假定; 设定; (责任的)承担; (权利的)获得
【教材原句】
The common assumption then was that it could not be done. (P50)当时人们普遍认为这是不可能做到的。
【词块必记】
make assumptions/an assumption about. . . 对……做假设
on the assumption that. . . 假定……, 假设……
【构词法】
assume vt. 假定, 认为; 承担(责任); →assuming conj. 假如, 假设为真
【熟词生义】
assumption的另一个意思是“担任, 承担”, 多与介词of连用。
【知识微练】 完成句子
①The theory is based on __________________________.
这一理论是以一系列错误的设想为依据的。
②Don’t rely on the information she gave you; it is _______________.
不要相信她告诉你的消息, 那完全是臆测。
③The theory is bottomed on ______________________.
这一理论是建立在靠不住的假设基础上的。
④I made a mistake and I will ________________________.
我错了, 我愿为此承担责任。
a series of wrong assumptions
pure assumption
questionable assumptions
assume responsibility for it
3. attain vt. (通常经过努力)获得; 得到
【教材原句】
One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops. (P50)
杂交作物的一个特点是它们的产量通常比常规作物高。
【易混辨析】attain, reach, achieve, arrive均有“达到”之意。
(1)attain侧重指在抱负或雄心的激励下, 以最大的努力去达到一般所不及或不敢追求的目的。
(2)reach常用词, 指到达某一空间、时间、目标或发展过程中的某一点。
(3)achieve侧重为达到目的所需的技巧、忍耐和努力。
(4)arrive指得出结论, 达成某项协议或做出某一决定等。该词是不及物动词, 后面通常接介词at。
【知识微练】 完成句子
①I’m determined to __________________________.
我决心不惜任何代价达到目的。
②The country ______________________in 1972.
这个国家在1972年获得了独立。
③They finally ______________________.
他们最终到达了他们的目的地。
④He will never _______________if he doesn’t work hard.
他如果不努力工作就永远不会有所成就。
attain my purpose at any cost
attained its independence
reached their destination
achieve anything
⑤Finally, they ____________________________.
他们最终达成了协议。
⑥We can ________________________in our mind.
我们设定了什么目标, 就能实现什么目标。
arrived at/reached an agreement
attain whatever goal we set
Ⅱ. 核心短语
4. devote. . . to 把……用于; 献身; 致力; 专心
【典型例句】
Now, she is a model and performance artist devoted to ocean conservation.
现在, 她是一名致力于海洋保护的模特和行为艺术家。
【词块必记】
be devoted to(doing) sth. 献身于; 专心致志于(做)某事
devote one’s life/ time/ energy to ( doing) sth. 把某人的生命/时间/精力献给……
devote oneself to 致力于; 献身于; 专心于
【构词法】devoted adj. 挚爱的, 忠实的; devotion n. 奉献, 忠诚
【一言辨异】The old scientist is devoted to studying space, and the spirit of devotion deserves learning from. He said he would go on devoting himself to the science field.
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①He always devotes his attention _________(help) the homeless children.
②_______(devote) to his research, he almost forgot everything about himself.
③We appreciated his ________(devote) to the project.
to helping
Devoted
devotion
完成句子
④I want to be a teacher very much and ______________________.
我很想当老师, 一生致力于教学工作。
⑤He is determined to _____________________.
他决心把一生贡献给科学事业。
⑥You must _____________________your work.
你必须专心于工作。
devote myself to teaching
devote his life to science
devote your attention to
5. in turn相应地; 转而; 依次; 轮流
【典型例句】
It can be quite stressful at times, though, which in turn makes me feel anxious.
然而, 有时压力很大, 这反过来又让我感到焦虑。
【词块必记】
by turns轮流地(表示“轮流地, 交替地”, 相当于alternately, in turn, 多用来强调某一时期反复发生的动作)
take turns in doing/to do sth. 轮流做某事
It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。
take one’s turn 轮到某人做
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①The shop assistants had to have their days off ___ turns.
②They had to take turns ______(look) after the patients.
③I think it’s my turn _______(drive) the kids to school this week.
④People try to avoid transportation delays by using their own cars, and this __ turn
creates further problems.
完成句子
⑤Theory is based on practice and ____________________.
理论以实践为基础, 反过来又为实践服务。
by
to look
to drive
in
in turn serves practice
6. keep. . . free of /from. . . 使……免受(影响、伤害等)
【教材原句】
Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means. (P55)有机农户专注于通过自然手段保持土壤肥沃和没有疾病。
【词块必记】
keep up 保持, 使不低落
keep up with 赶上, 不落后
keep out(of. . . ) 不让……进入
keep off 离开; 避开
【易混辨析】keep/ stop/ prevent sb. from doing sth. 都表示“阻止某人做某事”的意思, 但stop, prevent中的from可省略, 而keep中的from不可省略。若把from省略, 则keep sb. doing sth. 意为“使某人一直做某事”。在被动语态中, from都不可省略。
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①We should keep the children free _______ drugs.
②She has kept ___ physical training for several years without interruption.
③In the years ahead, he reflected, he would need to stay alert and informed just to
keep up ____ Celia mentally.
④He wants you to keep him ________ (inform)of how things are going with you.
⑤The high cost of raw materials is keeping prices ___.
of/from
up
with
informed
up
完成句子
⑥I’m sorry to __________________________.
我很抱歉让你久等了。
⑦I have ____________________________this year.
今年我使我的花园免除了杂草的侵害。
have kept you waiting so long
kept my garden free from weeds
Ⅲ. 经典句式
7. Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he has devoted his life.
确实, 他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的数百万中国农民一样。
【典型例句】
The person about whom they are talking is our math teacher.
他们正在谈论的那个人是我们的数学老师。
【句型公式】
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句, 关系代词前介词选择三原则: 一先, 二动, 三意义(重中之重)。一先, 即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择; 二动, 即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择; 三意义, 即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。注意有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分, 介词只能放在动词后, 如: look for。
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①Can you tell me the date ___ which you were born
②His glasses, _______ which he could see nothing, fell on the ground and broke.
③He built a telescope _______ which he could study the sky.
④I never forget the day on ______ I came to this school.
⑤October 1, 1949 was the date ___ which the People’s Republic of China was
founded.
⑥Tom’s father has bought a car __ which he goes to work
on
without
through
which
on
in
【补充要点】
1. estimate vt. 估计; 估价; 估算 n. 估计; 估算
【典型例句】
I estimate it will take three months to build the bridge.
我估计建造这座桥得用3个月时间。
【词块必记】
estimate sth. at. . . 估算某物为……
be estimated to do sth. 估计做某事
It is estimated (that). . . 据估计……
at a rough estimate 粗略估计
make an accurate estimate 准确估计
【知识微练】
完成句子
①________________(据估计)total investment in the country will continue to
increase this year.
②_________________(粗略估计), the army must have
covered 250 miles that day.
③We need to _______________________( 作出准确的估计)beforehand.
It is estimated that
At a rough estimate
make an accurate estimate
2. reality n. 现实; 实际情况; 事实
【教材原句】
His latest vision for “seawater rice” has also become a reality, and potentially opened up nearly one million square kilometres of salty land in China for rice production. (P51)
他对“海水稻”的最新设想也已成为现实, 并可能在中国开辟近100万平方千米的盐碱地, 用于水稻生产。
【词块必记】
become a reality 变成现实
in reality 事实上; 实际上
bring. . . back to reality 使……回到现实
face/accept reality 面对/接受现实
escape from reality 逃避现实
turn. . . into reality/ realities 实现
【构词法】real adj. 真的; 真实的→really adv. 真正地; realistic adj. 现实的; 实事求是的
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①When the ______(real) was destroyed, the legend had freedom to expand.
② His plans were transformed overnight ____ reality.
③There is the point that the wealth that most people seem to be enjoying is not
theirs __ reality.
reality
into
in
完成句子
④The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, allowing for _______________________
_______.
6G的速度将会超过每秒125GB, 使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。
⑤Mr Green is a professor ______________________.
格林先生是徒有虚名的教授。
⑥We thought he was serious but ________________________.
我们以为他是认真的, 但实际上他是在开玩笑。
⑦When someone says, “Don’t bury your head in the sand. ”, he means you
shouldn’t _________________(逃避现实).
a new generation of virtual
reality
in name but not in reality
in reality/fact he was joking
escape from reality
3. overcome vt. 克服; 解决; 战胜
【典型例句】 Nobody could overcome her jump.
她的一跳, 无人能超越。
【词块必记】
be overcome with grief 悲不自胜
be overcome with regret 后悔不已
overcome one’s shortcomings 克服某人的缺点
be overcome with homesickness 乡愁满肠
overcome shortcomings in one’s work 克服工作中的缺点
overcome difficulties 战胜困难
【知识微练】 完成句子
①Helping my husband to _______________________was a real test of our love.
帮助我丈夫渡过难关的确是对我们爱情的一次考验。
②As long as we are united, there is no difficulty __________________.
只要大伙儿拧成一股绳, 没有克服不了的困难。
③Once ______________________(攻下这一困难), other problems will be easy to
solve.
overcome the difficult time
we cannot overcome
this difficulty is overcome
4. be comprised of 包括; 包含; 由……组成(或构成)
【教材原句】
Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year. (P50)
据估算, 现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物, 这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。
【词块必记】
be made up of 由……组成
consist of 由……组成
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①A cricket team is comprised __ eleven players.
②This month’s figures _____________(comprise) in the total.
完成句子
③The class ____________________________________________.
这个班级主要由英国和法国的学生组成。
④The chapters __________________________________are especially good.
构成那部小说开头部分的几章特别好。
of
are comprised
is comprised mainly of British and French students
that comprise the first part of the novel
IV.话题写作
(2021·浙江1月高考改编)
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Pumpkin (南瓜) carving at Halloween is a family tradition. We visit a local farm every October. In the pumpkin field, I compete with my three brothers and sister to seek out the biggest pumpkin. My dad has a rule that we have to carry our pumpkins back home, and as the eldest child I have an advantage-I carried an 85-pounder back last year.
This year, it was hard to tell whether my prize or the one chosen by my 14-year-old brother, Jason, was the winner. Unfortunately we forgot to weigh them before taking out their insides, but I was determined to prove my point. All of us were hard at work at the kitchen table, with my mom filming the annual event. I’m unsure now why I thought forcing my head inside the pumpkin would settle the matter, but it seemed to make perfect sense at the time.
With the pumpkin resting on the table, hole uppermost, I bent over and pressed my head against the opening. At first I got jammed just above my eyes and then, as I went on with my task, unwilling to quit, my nose briefly prevented entry. Finally I managed to put my whole head into it, like a cork (软木塞) forced into a bottle. I was able to straighten up with the huge pumpkin resting on my shoulders.
My excitement was short-lived. The pumpkin was heavy. “I’m going to set it down, now, ” I said, and with Jason helping to support its weight, I bent back over the table to give it somewhere to rest. It was only when I tried to remove my head that I realized getting out was going to be less straightforward than getting in. When I pulled hard, my nose got in the way. I got into a panic as I pressed firmly against the table and moved my head around trying to find the right angle, but it was no use. “I can’t get it out! ” I shouted, my voice sounding unnaturally loud in the enclosed space.
注意: 续写词数应为150左右。
It was five or six minutes though it felt much longer.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The video was posted the Monday before Halloween.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 1 写作技巧
1. 通读全文, 知前文要领
(1)体裁: 记叙文
(2)前文线索: 今年万圣节时, 家里所有人都在厨房忙碌, 而作者将头伸进了南瓜里, 被卡住了, 无法挣脱出来。
2. 分类选关键词
人物: dad, Jason, mom
身体部位: head, nose
事物: pumpkin
动作: managed, support, rest, pulled
3. 读段首句, 合理设计情节
Para. 1: 段首句It was five or six minutes though it felt much longer. 描述了作者头被卡住之后的痛苦感受, 由此推断, 接下来会描述事态发展及结果——最终得救。
Para. 2: 根据段首句The video was posted the Monday before Halloween. 可知, 这段视频被发布到网上。由此推断, 文章会接着描述视频上传网络之后引起的反响。
4. 斟词酌句, 动作描写
①爸爸让我把脑袋往南瓜里推了推, 这样妈妈就可以(把手)伸进去, 解开绑在我
马尾辫上的橡皮筋。
Dad got me to _____ my head farther into the pumpkin so mom could _______and
_____ the rubber band round my ponytail.
②当我参加一个青年夏令营时, 我被一些我从未见过的孩子认出来了。
When I _______a youth camp, I _____________by the children I’d never ____.
push
reach in
undo
went on
was recognized
met
Step 2 妙笔成篇
It was five or six minutes though it felt much longer. Dad suggested we should call the fire department. “Stay tuned, ” said mom; she’d mentioned she was going to upload the video to Facebook, but it was only then I realized she’d been filming the whole time. The video cut before my rescue—Dad got me to push my head farther into the pumpkin so mom could reach in and undo the rubber band round my ponytail. I emerged with knotted hair, a sore chin and my nose covered in pumpkin flesh.
The video was posted the Monday before Halloween. By the end of that day, it had over 1, 000 views. By Wednesday morning we were getting 5: 00 am calls from TV breakfast shows and then the international media—the video started racking up hundreds of thousands of views. When I went on a youth camp, I was recognized by the children I’d never met. The pumpkin also became a minor celebrity. Passers-by would knock and ask, “Which is the very pumpkin in the video ” before taking pictures with it.选择性必修第一册Unit 5综合能力检测
第一部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Welcome to our online event — Future of Food and Agriculture
What we eat and how we grow are changing. The need to feed a growing population, solve hunger and obesity, and avoid trashing the planet is driving the next food and agricultural revolution. New Scientist Live’s Future of Food and Agriculture is an online event for everyone who cares what’s on their plates.
Hear about the future of food from the world’s leading scientists on the Main Stage. Discover why robots and genetics are changing the face of agriculture on the Field Stage. From lab-grown meat to sustainable diets, discover what’s coming to a plate near you on the Fork Stage.
World well-known speakers:
Neil Stephens: a researcher making lab-grown meat
Mark Lynas: a senior lecturer focusing on transforming crops with gene editing
Tilly Collins: an entomologist making the case for adding eatable insects to our diets
Tim Spector: a microbiome expert overturning everything we know about diets, and a psychologist making food taste better by improving our senses.
Booking information:
Your ticket will give you access to the recording of the talks at this event which originally takes place on 28 October 2021. Access to the recordings will be available until 28 April 2022, when the talks finish. Tickets are only available in advance through Eventbrite. A ticket will cost an individual $ 30. But you’ll enjoy a 15% discount if you buy more than three tickets at a time.
1. Who will lecture on artificial meat
A. Neil Stephens. B. Mark Lynas.
C. Tilly Collins. D. Tim Spector.
2. What can be known about the event
A. It is intended for farmers.
B. It will last for half a year.
C. It will be hosted on four stages.
D. It is accessible online and offline.
3. How much should one pay for five tickets at a time
A. $105. B. $112. 5.
C. $127. 5. D. $150.
B
A United Nations report released Monday said that almost 690 million people—1 in 9 of the world’s population—suffered from hunger last year, a major downward change of previous estimates.
However, the UN agencies that produced the report—UNICEF, the World Health Organization (WHO), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and the World Food Programme (WFP)—warned that numbers remained on a worrying upward trend.
There were 687. 8 million undernourished(营养不良的)people in 2019, up almost 10 million from 2018, and up almost 60 million from 2014, according to the State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World (SOFI) report, which is issued annually. Last year’s edition gave an extremely higher world hunger estimate of around 812 million for 2018. “Generally, there has been no change in the trend . . . after steadily decreasing for decades, chronic hunger slowly began to rise in 2014 and continues to do so, ” they added.
The SOFI report said an additional 93 million to 132 million people could go hungry in 2020 as a result of the economic decline caused by COVID-19. The pandemic has disturbed food supply distribution, “making it even more difficult for the poorer population to have access to healthy diets, ” it said.
On current trends, world hunger numbers were expected to rise to 841. 4 million in 2030, indicating that a “Zero Hunger” UN development target set for that year is very much in danger. The agencies said “a key obstacle, ” to handling hunger was the relatively high cost of healthy and nutritious diets. “It is unacceptable that, in a world that produces enough food to feed its entire population, more than 1. 5 billion people cannot afford a diet that meets the required levels of essential nutrients and over 3 billion people cannot even afford the cheapest healthy diet, ” they felt disappointed.
4. How is Paragraph 3 mainly developed
A. By presenting figures.
B. By giving examples.
C. By stating an argument.
D. By describing a survey.
5. Which of the following statements about the SOFI report is true
A. The SOFI report is produced every other year.
B. A total of 93 million to 132 million people could suffer from hunger in 2020.
C. COVID-19 has a negative effect on the hunger problem worldwide.
D. Poor people have no access to healthy diets due to the pandemic.
6. Why did the UN agencies feel disappointed
A. World hunger numbers are still rising continuously.
B. The “Zero Hunger” target set for 2030 is hard to achieve.
C. There is no enough food to feed the whole world.
D. The relatively high cost of healthy and nutritious diets leads many people to be in hunger.
7. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. The report produced by UN agencies.
B. 690 million people worldwide living in hunger.
C. The worldwide hunger caused by COVID-19.
D. The approach to handling worldwide hunger.
C
In a new study, researchers analyzed information from more than 18, 000 people who provided blood samples. Participants reported whether they exercised regularly, and if so, what type of exercises they typically did. The researchers then scanned participants, blood, looking for genes(基因) that are tied to an increased risk of obesity(肥胖). Next, the researchers examined whether certain exercises seemed to balance this risk.
Overall, people who reported doing any type of regular exercises tended to have a lower BMI(体重指数) than those who didn’t. This was true even among people who were genetically easy to become overweight. But one exercise stood out as the one with the strongest anti-obesity effect: jogging. Participants with obesity genes who jogged tended to have a lower BMI than people with similar genetic risk who did not jog.
But for those who loathe jogging, fear not: Five other types of exercises were also tied to a lower BMI among individuals at risk for obesity. These included mountain climbing, ballroom dancing and walking. The benefits of these exercises were the biggest among those with the greatest genetic risk of obesity.
Interestingly, several other types of exercises failed to counteract the genetic risk of obesity. These included cycling, stretching exercises and swimming. The findings don’t mean that these latter exercises can’t help with weight control. It’s just that they didn’t seem to counteract the genetic tendency to gain weight.
There could be several reasons for this. The researchers noted that, for the average Joe or Jane, cycling and stretching exercises tend to require less energy than the exercises that were tied to a lower obesity risk. In addition, exercising in water, as happens with swimming, may increase appetite.
8. What does the underlined word“loathe”in the third paragraph mean
A. Dislike. B. Display.
C. Disturb. D. Discourage.
9. Which exercise has the least effect on balancing obesity genes
A. Mountain climbing.
B. Ballroom dancing.
C. Running slowly.
D. Riding a bicycle.
10. What does the author indicate in the last paragraph
A. Swimming doesn’t help one lose weight.
B. Diving may make a person eat more food.
C. Average people put less energy into exercises.
D. Stretching exercises will become popular.
11. Which of the following is the best title
A. Jogging Less Leads to Genetic Obesity
B. Regular Exercises Tend to Lower BMI
C. Whether Exercises Balance Risks of Obesity Genes
D. Genes Are Very Important for People’s Weight Control
D
Nearly every week, we hear news about the latest successes and failures in driverless vehicles. But we hear little about how other industries are developing this same kind of technology. One industry heavily involved in researching and developing artificial intelligence, or AI, is panies are experimenting with high-tech tools that can help farmers save time and money, while reducing environment-harming chemicals.
One of the companies is ecoRobotix of Switzerland. It created a robot equipped with AI and cameras to identify all plants on a farm. The robot has four wheels to carry itself through the fields in search of puter-controlled arms then lower and spray the weeds with small amounts of herbicide(除草剂). Company officials say the robot can fully operate on its own for up to 12 hours a day while being powered by the sun. It uses the same kind of sensor and positioning technology used to guide driverless vehicles. A farmer can also control the equipment through a smartphone.
The co-founder of ecoRobotix, Aurélien Demaurex, says the farm robot can kill weeds with 20 times less herbicide than traditional methods. This is because the system uses exactly the right chemical amount in the exact place required to kill the weeds. Currently, farmers spread weed killers over massive areas to destroy unwanted plants.
Another company developing farm robotics is California-based Blue River Technology. The company has a system called “See & Spray”, which it claims was the world’s first smart sprayer. The system—which is connected to the back of a tractor—is also equipped with AI to identify and chemically kill only the weeds. It can also spray chemicals on wanted plants to help them grow. Ben Chostner, vice president of business development for Blue River Technology, explains in a company video that See & Spray technology uses the same deep learning methods used in facial recognition. “The first time the machine saw pigweed, it didn’t know what kind of plant it was. But we taught it—by giving it tens of thousands of examples of that pigweed—and now it’s an expert in pigweed. ”
12. How will AI benefit agriculture
A. It will fund agriculture research.
B. It contributes to low-cost farming.
C. It can avoid harmful chemicals.
D. It frees all farmers from field work.
13. What do the products of the two companies have in common
A. They use recognition technology.
B. They are powered by solar energy.
C. They are connected with smartphones.
D. They can help wanted plants grow rapidly.
14. What do Ben Chostner’s words suggest about the robot
A. It is environmentally friendly.
B. It is good at self-improving.
C. It has the learning ability.
D. It can track various plants.
15. What is mainly talked about in the text
A. The experiment in farming robots.
B. A new trend in artificial intelligence.
C. Modern See & Spray technology.
D. Artificial intelligence in agriculture.
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Many people, including some successful men, wear the same clothing daily to focus their decision-making energy on more important things. 16 Julia, an art teacher, is wearing the same dress for the first 100 days of school to create awareness of the environmental costs of fast fashion.
Available online or from various shops, it allows everyone to adopt the latest fashion trends instantly. Though that sounds like a win-win for all, the rapid change in styles and the affordable prices result in impulse(冲动)purchases, many of which are thrown away after being worn just once or twice. 17
Julia’s idea for the“One Outfit(服装), 100 Days”began as a comment she made to her husband during the summer. 18 Moreover, it would serve as a great lesson for her new students. Selecting a perfect outfit for the challenge was a little tricky. After some consideration, Julia settled on a plain dress. Though she has a backup dress, Julia plans to use it only if absolutely necessary.
19 It has also inspired some of her colleagues and her husband to take up the challenge. Julia says the experiment has forced her to rethink her attitude towards clothes. She values things more now—respecting the planet for her children and trying to value herself in a different way, as opposed to caring so much about what she looks like. 20 Reuse, recycle, and, most importantly, reduce.
A. Julia is also tired of making decisions on small things.
B. The experiment has aroused curiosity of many students.
C. Julia’s “One Outfit, 100 Days” challenge, however, has a selfless aim.
D. Thanks to Julia’s idea, the whole school began to follow her challenge.
E. She hopes more people will learn from her and apply the 3Rs to their life.
F. Over 21 billion pounds of cloth ends up being waste yearly in the US alone.
G. Thinking further, she decided it would be a way to show her eco-friendly lifestyle.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
By the time I finished my appointment, I was starving. I 21 at a fast-food restaurant to order a hamburger to take home and eat while working.
Since it was a little before noon, there was a 22 . A woman, who I soon learned was Marcella, was 23 at the register. She asked the woman behind her in line if she would like a drink and then asked me. We both said no, and must have looked 24 , because she said, “I got you. ” She continued to pay for both of our meals, even though we were 25 .
I asked Marcella why she did this, and she shared that someone once did something similar for her. The person 26 that she pay it forward someday and she was making good on her 27 . Before I left, she gave me a warm hug and requested me to do an act of kindness for a stranger when I could. I arrived home, but instead of working through lunch, I sat and 28 on her kindness.
Marcella didn’t need to pay for my lunch. But what she did 29 my day. Not because I got to keep my $15, but because she was kind with no 30 of receiving anything in return.
31 , Marcella allowed me to take her pictures so I could share this 32 story. As I promised her, I planned on paying her kindness forward. Maybe I’ll make a small 33 in someone else’s life, and the positive effect will be 34 . Because that’s what being human is all about—being kind—even to a stranger.
Remember that kindness and love can 35 in the most unexpected places, even a fast-food restaurant.
21. A. knocked B. aimed C. stopped D. glanced
22. A. sight B. line C. turn D. seat
23. A. paying B. confirming C. hesitating D. informing
24. A. annoyed B. confused C. frightened D. bored
25. A. citizens B. natives C. strangers D. neighbors
26. A. required B. suspected C. guaranteed D. acknowledged
27. A. intention B. approach C. schedule D. promise
28. A. reacted B. reflected C. worked D. relied
29. A. relieved B. witnessed C. influenced D. brightened
30. A. proposals B. expectations C. comments D. assumptions
31. A. Fortunately B. Frankly C. Honestly D. Hopefully
32. A. satisfying B. appealing C. heartwarming D. demanding
33. A. contribution B. effort C. measurement D. difference
34. A. absolute B. permanent C. renewable D. comprehensive
35. A. wear off B. wipe out C. show up D. come around
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2021·德州高二检测)
I have just received a letter from my old school, 36. __________(inform) me that my former head master, Mr Stuart Page, will be retiring next week. Pupils of the school, old and new, will be sending him a present to mark the occasion. All those 37. __________have contributed towards the gift will sign their names in a large album which will 38. __________(send) to the headmaster’s home. We shall all remember Mr Page for his 39. __________(patient) and understanding and for the kindly encouragement he gave us when we went so 40. __________(willingly) to school. A great many former pupils will be attending a farewell dinner in his honor next Thursday. 41. __________is a curious coincidence(巧合)that the day before his retirement, Mr Page will have been teaching 42. __________a total of forty years. After he has retired, he will devote himself to 43. __________(garden). For him, this will be an 44. __________(entire) new hobby. But this does not matter, for, as he has often remarked, one is never too old 45. __________(learn).
第三部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华, 上周五你校举办了首届生活技能云端展示活动, 主题为“劳动创造美好生活(Work Creates A Better Life)”。请你为校英文报写一篇题为“The First Online Life Skills Show”的报道, 内容包括:
1. 活动主题;
2. 展示内容(烹饪、急救等);
3. 活动反响。
注意: 1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
The First Online Life Skills Show
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Holidays are not necessarily for fun or rest. Doing something meaningful can also gain special pleasure. When the final bell rang, the students were reminded that there was no school on Monday — the Labor Day. “Enjoy your extra day off, ” said the teacher to her class. An extra day of fun suited Kayla just fine. She loved breaks. She wanted to go out to play with her friends. When the school bus dropped Kayla off, she ran into the house happily.
“How was school, Kayla ” asked her mom. Kayla’s mom with a laugh.
Kayla slept in the next morning. Saturday was her favorite day of the week. It rains most of the day, so Kayla enjoyed playing video games inside. On Sunday, her friends came over and they played basketball of several hours.
Then it was Labor Day, you know, the extra day off that Kayla was so looking forward to. But Kayla was awakened early that morning by her dad. He told Kayla that in honor of Labor Day, the family would be cleaning both inside and outside the house. Kayla couldn’t believe it. This was a holiday. A day when she was supposed to be enjoying freshly squeezed lemonade while playing in her tree house. As Kayla wiped her eyes she began to wonder if this was just a bad dream.
“Kayla, your breakfast is ready. We have a lot of work to do today. Let’s get a move on, ” said Kayla’s mom. As she sat down at the kitchen table, Kayla asked her parents.
“Are you serious about working today Isn’t Labor Day a holiday ”
“Yes, Kayla. It is, ” replied her dad. “But your mom and I thought working hard today would make you appreciate why Labor Day was observed in the first place. ”
注意: 续写词数应为150左右。
At first, Kayla felt disappointed at her parents’ plan for the holiday. ________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
But things began to change as she was doing the chores. __________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
参考答案
第一部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
A
【文章大意】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一项关于食品和农业的未来的在线活动情况, 包括演讲者、活动预订信息和票价等情况。
1. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据World well-known speakers部分中“Neil Stephens: a researcher making lab-grown meat(Neil Stephens: 一名研究人员正在制作实验室培育的肉)”可知, Neil Stephens将做关于人造肉的讲座。故选A。
2. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段可知该活动原定于2021年10月28日举行。到2022年4月28日会谈结束时, 活动将持续半年。故选B。
3. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段中最后两句可知, 每张票售价30美元。但如果您一次购买三张以上的票, 可以享受八五折的优惠。因此, 一次买五张票要付5×30×85%=127. 5美元。故选C。
B
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过大量的研究数据展示了世界范围内的饥饿现象在近年来呈现出不断恶化的趋势, 仍有很多人面临着饥饿或营养不良的现象。
4. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。文章第三段中“687. 8 million”, “almost 10 million”, “almost 60 million”, “around 812 million”可推知, 本段通过列举大量的数据来呈现世界范围内饥饿现象逐年恶化的事实。故选A。
5. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第四段到2020年, 会有9300万至1. 32亿人挨饿。因此, 疫情对世界范围内的饥饿状况有负面的影响。故选C。
6. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知, 让联合国机构感到失望的是, 在当前世界, 总食物产量是充足的, 可以喂养全世界的人口。然而在这种情况下, 仍然有很多人面临着饥饿或者营养不良, 而这往往是由于很多人支付不起。故选D。
7. 【解析】选B。主旨大意题。文章通过大量的研究数据展示了世界范围内的饥饿现象在近年来呈现出不断恶化的趋势, 仍有很多人面临着饥饿或营养不良的境况。B选项“全世界有6. 9亿人生活在饥饿之中。”适合作为文章的标题。故选B。
C
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明, 慢跑是肥胖基因的克星。此外, 爬山、交际舞和散步也有利于降低肥胖的风险。相反, 骑自行车、做伸展运动和游泳等并不能帮助抵抗肥胖基因风险。
8. 【解析】选A。词义猜测题。画线词后面提供了其他几项抵抗肥胖基因风险的运动。可见画线词所在句的意思是“对于那些不喜欢慢跑的人来说, 也不必担心”。故可判断loathe是“不喜欢, 讨厌”之意。
9. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“several other types of exercises failed to counteract the genetic risk of obesity. These included cycling, stretching exercises and swimming. ”可知, 骑自行车不能抵抗肥胖基因风险。
10. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“In addition, exercising in water, as happens with swimming, may increase appetite”可知水中运动可能会增加食欲。潜水属于水中运动, 据此可判断潜水可能使一个人饭量增加。
11. 【解析】选C。标题归纳题。根据第一段最后一句、第二段第三句、第三段最后一句和第四段第一句可知, 本文主要讲的是运动是否能够平衡肥胖基因的风险, 故C项是最佳答案。
D
【文章大意】一些公司正在试验农业方面的人工智能高科技工具, 这些工具可以帮助农民节省时间和金钱, 同时减少使用对环境有害的化学物质。
12.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Companies are experimenting with high-tech tools that can help farmers save time and money, while reducing environment-harming chemicals. ”可知, 人工智能可以帮助农民节省时间和金钱, 同时减少使用对环境有害的化学物质。故选B。
13. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“It created a robot equipped with AI and cameras to identify all plants on a farm. ”以及第四段第三句“The system—which is connected to the back of a tractor—is also equipped with AI to identify and chemically kill only the weeds. ”可知, 两个公司的产品的共同点就是, 它们都使用了识别技术, 故选A。
14. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“But we taught it—by giving it tens of thousands of examples of that pigweed—and now it’s an expert in pigweed. ”可知, 研发人员给这个机器人成千上万的苋的样本来教它, 这个机器人现在在识别苋方面是一个专家。由此可推知, Ben Chostner意在表明该机器人有学习能力。故选C。
15. 【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第三句“One industry heavily involved in researching and developing artificial intelligence, or AI, is agriculture. ”可知, 农业是研究和开发人工智能(AI)的重要行业之一; 然后文章第二至四段介绍了两个公司的人工智能产品是如何帮助农业生产的。由此可知, 本文的主旨是介绍人工智能在农业中的应用。故选D。
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
【文章大意】本文为记叙文, 介绍了一位艺术老师Julia“一百天, 一套衣服”的理念及其带来的改变和影响。
16. 【解析】选C。考查承上启下句。根据空前的“to focus their decision-making energy on more important things”和空后的“to create awareness of the environmental costs of fast fashion”可知, Julia的“一百天, 一套衣服”挑战不仅是为了把更多精力放在重要的事情上, 还是出于环保这一无私的目的。C项与上下文吻合, 为正确选项。
17. 【解析】选F。考查细节支撑句。根据空前的“impulse purchases, many of which are thrown away after being worn just once or twice”可知, 很多人冲动之下, 买来的衣服穿了一两次后就被扔掉, F项为这一行为的后果, 承接上文。
18. 【解析】选G。考查细节支撑句。空前提到“began as a comment she made to her husband during the summer”, G项“进一步思考后, 她决定这将是展现她环保生活方式的方法”承接上文, 且与空后的“Moreover, it would serve as a great lesson for her new students”吻合, 为正确选项。
19. 【解析】选B。考查细节支撑句。根据空后的“It has also inspired some of her colleagues and her husband to take up the challenge”可知, 此处在讲Julia的挑战的影响, 故B项符合语境, 下文中的also和experiment也是提示。
第二部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者在快餐店点餐, 陌生女人 Marcella为其付账, 作者被她感动, 想要将这份善意和爱心继续传递下去的故事。
21. 【解析】选C。根据后文“. . . order a hamburger”可知, 因为要点一个汉堡, 所以此处需用动词stop, 表示停留。故选C。
22.【解析】选B。根据后文“She asked the woman behind her in line . . . ”可知, 此处表示人们在点餐时, 排起了队。故选B。
23. 【解析】选A。根据后文“She continued to pay for both of our meals. . . ”可知, Marcella正在收银台付款。故选A。
24. 【解析】选B。根据空后“because she said, “I got you. ”可知, 因为Marcella要给作者和另一个女人付款, 所以作者她们看起来很困惑。故选B。
25. 【解析】选C。根据后文“. . . requested me to do an act of kindness for a stranger when I could. ”可知, 作者和另外一个女人和Marcella互不相识, 所以此处指我们是陌生人。故选C。
26. 【解析】选A。根据前文“and she shared that someone once did something similar for her. ”可知, 曾经有人给Marcella付账单, 由此可知, 此处需用动词required, 表示那个陌生人的要求。故选A。
27. 【解析】选D。根据前文“The person ______that she pay it forward someday. . . ”可知, 此处指的是Marcella对那个陌生人的承诺。故选D。
28. 【解析】选B。根据后文“Marcella didn’t need to pay for my lunch. ”可知, 作者在思考着Marcella的善意。故选B。
29. 【解析】选D。根据后文“Not because I got to keep my $15, but because she was kind with no ______of receiving anything in return. ”可知, Marcella的行为让作者一天都感到快乐。故选D。
30. 【解析】选B。根据前文 Marcella给作者付饭钱可知, 她的这种善意是不期望得到任何回报的。故选B。
31. 【解析】选A。根据后文“Marcella allowed me to take her pictures. . . ”可知, 作者拍下了Marcella的照片, 可以分享她的故事, 这对作者来说是幸运的。故选A。
32. 【解析】选C。根据前文 Marcella给作者付饭钱可知, Marcella的行为是暖心的。故选C。
33. 【解析】选D。因为作者受到Marcella行为的感动, 他也会给别人的生活带来改变, make a difference起作用, 有影响, 固定搭配。故选D。
34.【解析】选B。根据后文“Because that’s what being human is all about—being kind—even to a stranger. ”可知, 这种影响将会是永久的, 一直会继续下去。故选B。
35. 【解析】选C。根据后文“in the most unexpected places, even a fast-food restaurant”和作者在快餐店的经历可知, 善良和爱意会出现在最意想不到的地方。故选C。
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
【文章大意】前校长斯图尔特·佩奇先生将于下周退休, 这所学校的新老学生将送给他一份礼物来纪念这一时刻。所有人在一个相册中签名并把它送到校长的家里, 感谢他给予我们鼓励。
36. 【解析】informing。考查非谓语动词。逗号后面应该用非谓语动词, inform与前面的letter构成逻辑上的主谓关系, 因此用动词-ing形式。
37. 【解析】who。考查关系代词。先行词是those, 定语从句引导词用who。
38. 【解析】be sent。考查被动语态。album与send是被动关系, 故填be sent。
39. 【解析】patience。考查名词。形容词性物主代词后面应该用名词。故填patience。
40. 【解析】unwillingly。考查副词。根据语境“当我们不愿意去上学的时候, 老校长鼓励我们……”, 因此应该是willingly的反义词。故填unwillingly。
41. 【解析】It。考查代词。It作形式主语, 后面的that引导主语从句。
42. 【解析】for。考查介词。空格后面a total of forty years是一段时间, 因此答案用for。
43. 【解析】gardening。考查非谓语动词。devote oneself to是固定结构, to是介词, 后面应该用动词-ing形式。
44. 【解析】entirely。考查副词。修饰形容词new, 应该用副词形式, “全新的爱好”。故填entirely。
45. 【解析】to learn。考查非谓语动词。never too old to learn 学无止境。
第三部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
【参考范文】
The First Online Life Skills Show
With the theme of Work Creates A Better Life, the first online life skills show was held in our school last Friday, which turned out to be a great success.
The online show was broadcast live through the school website. Contestants were required to display their life skills of cooking and first aid. These skills are of great use in our daily life. Directly following participants’ performances, we audience voted and the one making Zongzi was rated the best.
Everyone thinks highly of this activity. Through this activity, not only can we demonstrate our life skills, but also we can appreciate the life from a new angle.
第二节(满分25分)
【参考范文】
At first, Kayla felt disappointed at her parents’ plan for the holiday. How eagerly she wanted to go out to play with her friends! She was against the annoying plan from the bottom of her heart, but she had no choice. First, Kayla was arranged to wash the breakfast dishes. After that, she was asked to give their puppy a bath. She knew it was a hard task, which needed a lot of tiring, careful and patient work. She has begun the work with great unwillingness.
But things began to change as she was doing the chores. Brushing the puppy, she found it was a lot of fun with so many soap bubbles. Then it was on to yard work where Kayla helped to pick up sticks. She pretended the small sticks were basketballs, and shot them into a large trash can. So the work was done with great pleasure. Kayla felt proud to see how much better the yard looked. When she finished her meaningful chores, Kayla enjoyed relaxing in her tree house. The lemonade tasted wonderful after a hard day of work.
