选择性必修第二册Unit 1单元词汇默写本
Ⅰ. 核心单词
1. ______________ adj. 极为恶劣的; 十分严重的
2. ______________ adj. 相互矛盾的; 对立的
3. ______________ n. 证据; 证明; 检验
4. ______________ adj. 数量多的; 多种多样的
5. ______________ vt. &vi. 怀疑; 不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人
6. ______________ vt. &n. 责怪; 指责
7. ______________ adj. 生的; 未经处理的
8. ______________ adj. 大量的; 价值巨大的
9. ______________ n. 思想; 思维
10. ______________ adj. 可靠的; 固体的; 坚实的 n. 固体
11. ______________ n. & adj. 混凝土; 确实的; 具体的
12. ______________ adj. 优秀的; 杰出的
13. ______________ n. 概念; 观念
14. ______________ adj. 聪颖的; 绝妙的
15. ______________ n. & vt. & vi. 转换; 转移; 转向
Ⅱ. 拓展单词
1. infect vt. 使感染; 传染→______________ n. 感染; 传染→______________ adj. 传染的
2. subscribe vi. 认购(股份); 定期订购→______________ n. 订阅; 订购
3. pure adj. 干净的; 纯的→______________ n. 纯洁; 纯粹→______________ v. 净化; 使纯净
4. decrease n. &vt. &vi. 减少; 降低→(反)______________n. 增加, 提高
5. transform vt. & vi. (使)改观; 转变→______________ n. 改变; 转变
6. machine n. 机械; 机器→______________ adj. 机械的; 发动机的→______________ n. 机械师; 机械修理工
7. defend vt. 保卫; 防守→______________ n. 防御; 防守
8. assist v. 帮助→______________n. 助理; 助手→______________ n. 帮助; 援助
9. gift n. 礼物; 天赋v. 赋予→______________ adj. 有天赋的; 有天才的
10. initial adj. 最初的; 开始的→______________ adv. 最初; 首先
III.核心短语
1. ______________ 最终地; 彻底地
2. ______________ 同意; 赞同; 订阅
3. ______________ 幸亏; 由于
4. ______________ 理论框架
5. ______________ (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始; 爆发
6. ______________ 主管; 掌管
7. ______________ (患)病; 染上(小病)
8. ______________ 最重要的是; 尤其是
9. ______________ 追溯到
10. ______________ 熟悉
IV.经典句式
1. 句型公式: so/such. . . that. . . 句型
He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was ______________ more than 500 people died in ten days.
他发现在两条特定的街道霍乱爆发非常严重, 10天内就有500多人死亡。
2. 句型公式: who引导的定语从句
Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where ______________ had lived.
起初, 斯诺在地图上标出了所有死者曾经居住过的确切地点。
3. 句型公式: had sth. done使某事被做
It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she ______________ to her house every day.
这个女人似乎非常喜欢水泵里的水, 所以她每天都让人把水送到家里来。
参考答案
Ⅰ. 核心单词
1. severe adj. 极为恶劣的; 十分严重的
2. contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的; 对立的
3. proof n. 证据; 证明; 检验
4. multiple adj. 数量多的; 多种多样的
5. suspect vt. &vi. 怀疑; 不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人
6. blame vt. &n. 责怪; 指责
7. raw adj. 生的; 未经处理的
8. substantial adj. 大量的; 价值巨大的
9. thinking n. 思想; 思维
10. solid adj. 可靠的; 固体的; 坚实的 n. 固体
11. concrete n. & adj. 混凝土; 确实的; 具体的
12. outstanding adj. 优秀的; 杰出的
13. concept n. 概念; 观念
14. brilliant adj. 聪颖的; 绝妙的
15. shift n. & vt. & vi. 转换; 转移; 转向
Ⅱ. 拓展单词
1. infect vt. 使感染; 传染→infection n. 感染; 传染→infectious adj. 传染的
2. subscribe vi. 认购(股份); 定期订购→subscription n. 订阅; 订购
3. pure adj. 干净的; 纯的→purity n. 纯洁; 纯粹→purify v. 净化; 使纯净
4. decrease n. &vt. &vi. 减少; 降低→(反)increase n. 增加, 提高
5. transform vt. & vi. (使)改观; 转变→transformation n. 改变; 转变
6. machine n. 机械; 机器→mechanical adj. 机械的; 发动机的→mechanic n. 机械师; 机械修理工
7. defend vt. 保卫; 防守→defence n. 防御; 防守
8. assist v. 帮助→assistant n. 助理; 助手→assistance n. 帮助; 援助
9. gift n. 礼物; 天赋v. 赋予→gifted adj. 有天赋的; 有天才的
10. initial adj. 最初的; 开始的→initially adv. 最初; 首先
III.核心短语
1. once and for all 最终地; 彻底地
2. subscribe to 同意; 赞同; 订阅
3. thanks to 幸亏; 由于
4. theoretical framework 理论框架
5. break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始; 爆发
6. in charge of 主管; 掌管
7. come down (患)病; 染上(小病)
8. above all 最重要的是; 尤其是
9. trace back to 追溯到
10. be familiar with 熟悉
IV.经典句式
1. 句型公式: so/such. . . that. . . 句型
He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
他发现在两条特定的街道霍乱爆发非常严重, 10天内就有500多人死亡。
2. 句型公式: who引导的定语从句
Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.
起初, 斯诺在地图上标出了所有死者曾经居住过的确切地点。
3. 句型公式: had sth. done使某事被做
It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
这个女人似乎非常喜欢水泵里的水, 所以她每天都让人把水送到家里来选择性必修二 Unit 1 Science and Scientists
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)
1. (2018·江苏高考) But the information I got was rich and varied, or even __________(contradict).
2. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Linking arms __________ one of the instructors, I helped carry the young man out of the water.
3. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ) Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely __________(recover) at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.
4. (2020·江苏高考) The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable __________(transform).
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. They tried several ways to ____________________ to make more profits.
他们尝试了几种方法来降低成本以获得更多的利润。(have sth. done)
2. It’s surprising how much simple movements of the body can affect the way ____________________.
令人惊讶的是, 简单的身体运动会影响我们的思考方式多少。
3. Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and ____________________ consistently over a large area.
自20世纪80年代中期以来才采用追踪北极熊族群的现代方法, 而且在一个大区域内持续进行花费是巨大的。
4. The new mechanism is not so effective as they ____________________, for months passed and there has been no big improvement in management efficiency.
新的机制并不像他们预期的那样有效, 因为数月过去了, 但管理效率并没有明显改进。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
One Japanese company said a “smart” mask is ready to improve for people
1. ________(wear) face coverings.
The use of the face masks plays a key role in reducing spread of the coronavirus(冠状病毒). 2. __________, masks and other kinds of coverings can affect the quality of communication between wearers.
It can be more difficult to hear voices through the coverings. Many business and public spaces also have social distancing rules in place, which makes it harder for people 3. ________(hear) and understood.
The wearable electronic device is designed to solve the problem.
The company calls its 4. ________(invent) the “c-mask”. The device is meant to fit over other kinds of face masks commonly worn by the public.
The c-mask 5. ________is made of soft plastic material contains a built-in microphone and has holes in the front to let air in. When it
6. ________(turn) on, the mask uses Bluetooth technology to connect to
7. ________mobile phone. An app then helps users perform several actions, including turning speech into text, completing telephone calls and making the user’s voice 8. ________(loud). The device can also translate a person’s voice into eight other languages.
The mask will 9. ________(hopeful) be put into the market next year. The designer says he has received strong interest in the product from some potential 10. ________(customer).
IV.阅读理解
A
Many people hate the idea of having to sleep on a plane. But Swedish entrepreneur Oscar Dios thinks they can be persuaded otherwise and he has created a new kind of hostel to prove it.
Dios says it is the world’s first jumbo jet hostel, an actual jet-plane at Sweden’s main airport outside Stockholm which has been converted (改装) into a 25-room guesthouse that sleeps as many as 72 people.
“I learned about this plane that was standing abandoned at Arlanda airport and I’ve been trying the concept of hostels in many different houses and buildings, ”he told reporters. “I thought, ‘Why not a plane ’”
Jumbo Hostels opened for business on Thursday, giving customers the chance to check in and sleep in a room that can best be described as cozy.
“The most challenging part with this project is trying to build something inside a metal hull (外壳)—it’s just really, really tight. ”
The jet, which was originally produced for Singapore Airlines, was taken out of service in 2002. One thing the hostel has going for it is price—a room starts at 350 Swedish crowns (about﹩41), which is a lot less than hotel rooms outside of major airports.
Another feature: customers can get married on the wing of the plane and live in the plane’s more luxurious honeymoon room situated in the cockpit (驾驶舱).
Instead of walking down the aisle (走廊), lovebirds can take what Jumbo Hostels calls the“wing walk”, where they can be joined in great joy at the wing tip. The hostel has someone ready to perform the ceremony.
But in some respects, this hostel remains a plane—most customers have to share the jet’s nine bathrooms and staff only wear air steward and stewardess clothes. The only room that has its own bathroom is the honeymoon suite.
1. Swedish entrepreneur Oscar Dios creates a new kind of jet hostel in order to______.
A. make people more comfortable
B. earn more money from people
C. change people’s idea of not sleeping on the plane
D. explore the sources of the universe
2. According to the passage the jet hostel is______.
A. flying in the sky
B. hung in the sky
C. lying on the airport
D. buried underground
3. This abandoned plane originally belongs to______.
A. Stockholm Airlines
B. Singapore Airlines
C. Sweden Airlines
D. Oscar Dios Airlines
4. Which statement of the following do you think can best describe this passage
A. A new fashion of wedding in the plane.
B. For travelers, a new way to get a restful night.
C. A new way to enjoy yourselves.
D. How to change a plane into a hostel.
B
We humans love to stare into our smart devices. We gaze for hours—about 10 hours and 39 minutes a day—at our computers, smartphones, tablets and televisions. Is all this staring bad for us It might be, mainly because as we stare at our devices we are exposing ourselves to blue light.
Blue light is a type of electromagnetic radiation with a very short wavelength that produces a high amount of energy. While it’s true that light can damage our eyes under certain circumstances, there’s no scientific evidence suggesting that blue light is harmful to our eyes. But many people still think it is, which is why blue-light-blocking glasses are so popular. So, do the glasses work
“Everyone is very concerned that blue light may be causing damage to the eye, but there’s no evidence that it may be causing serious damage, ” Dr. Rahul Khurana, a clinical spokesman, told Business Insider.
Blue light exposure is nothing new. In fact, the sun is the largest source of blue light. Moreover, blue light is also present in LED light. But if blue light isn’t harmful, then why are we constantly rubbing our eyes when we’re looking at our screens The answer is eyestrain (眼疲劳). More than 60 percent of people experience eye problems associated with digital eyestrain. And blue light, it seems isn’t the cause. Instead, our eyes are so strained because most of us blink less when we stare at our digital devices. So, if eyestrain is the real issue, blue-light-blocking glasses are probably of little use.
5. What do we know about blue light
A. It has the shortest wavelength.
B. It’s a kind of nuclear radiation.
C. It consumes a great deal of energy.
D. It may come from electronic devices.
6. What causes the popularity of blue-light-blocking glasses
A. Evidence of their benefits to eyes.
B. Widespread use of smart devices.
C. Belief in blue light’s harmful effect.
D. Scientific understanding of blue light.
7. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4
A. Rubbing eyes makes people strained.
B. Blue light exposure is hardly avoidable.
C. Blue light may connect with tired eyes.
D. Eye problems are not easy to deal with.
8. According to the text, wearing blue-light-blocking glasses may be______.
A. useless B. harmful
C. tiring D. beneficial
V. 七选五
Putting children in daycare helps working parents take their minds off childcare. 1
How daycare negatively affects children is related to many factors. One study has suggested that some children who spend long hours in daycare centers experience more stress than those who spend more time in a setting with a mother.
Another study has shown that children who are shy have a higher level of the hormone cortisol (皮质醇) which is released when an individual shows signs of stress. 2 And as a result the child may not mix well with the other children and the teachers at the daycare center, a situation that can cause stress.
Another negative impact of daycare is that there is less communication between a mother and her child. 3 So it is essential for a child to develop a deep bond with his or her mother, since this will lay the foundation for all the relationships he or she will form later on in life. Children who spend a lot of time with their mothers experience healthy social and emotional development, while long hours in daycare can disrupt this bonding. Children who lose out on precious mother-child bonding are observed to have behavioral problems as they grow older.
Children in daycare centers also feel unprotected compared to children at home. In a daycare center, when one caregiver attends to more than one child at the same time, she may not be able to look deeply into why a child is mixing well or not. 4 Another negative aspect of daycare is that children there are more likely to fall ill if they come in contact with sick children.
5 Well-maintained daycare centers contribute a great deal to the overall development of a child by providing a structured environment. Children become more social by interacting with other children of the same age, and learn new activities that are not always available if they are brought up only at home.
A. But daycare has its disadvantages.
B. Look for a daycare center that is well-maintained.
C. However, the advantages of daycare cannot be ignored.
D. This is because a shy child will not open up freely in public.
E. Babies become extremely attached to their primary caregivers.
F. In such cases, a child may become either completely quiet or aggressive.
G. You can cut the time in daycare centers by making alternative childcare arrangements.
VI. 应用文写作
假定你是李华, 你校即将举行“给农村小学捐书” (Donating Books to Rural Primary Schools)活动, 现向全校招募志愿者, 你的笔友Peter来信向你咨询有关情况, 请你写一封回信, 要点如下:
1. 简单介绍该项活动;
2. 志愿者所需条件。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
参考答案
Ⅰ. 1. But the information I got was rich and varied, or even contradictory(contradict).
2. Linking arms with one of the instructors, I helped carry the young man out of the water.
3. Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover(recover) at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.
4.The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable transformation(transform).
Ⅱ. 1. They tried several ways to have the cost reduced to make more profits.
2. It’s surprising how much simple movements of the body can affect the way that/in which we think.
3. Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.
4. The new mechanism is not so effective as they had expected, for months passed and there has been no big improvement in management efficiency.
Ⅲ.
One Japanese company said a “smart” mask is ready to improve for people
1. ________(wear) face coverings.
The use of the face masks plays a key role in reducing spread of the coronavirus(冠状病毒). 2. __________, masks and other kinds of coverings can affect the quality of communication between wearers.
It can be more difficult to hear voices through the coverings. Many business and public spaces also have social distancing rules in place, which makes it harder for people 3. ________(hear) and understood.
The wearable electronic device is designed to solve the problem.
The company calls its 4. ________(invent) the “c-mask”. The device is meant to fit over other kinds of face masks commonly worn by the public.
The c-mask 5. ________is made of soft plastic material contains a built-in microphone and has holes in the front to let air in. When it
6. ________(turn) on, the mask uses Bluetooth technology to connect to
7. ________mobile phone. An app then helps users perform several actions, including turning speech into text, completing telephone calls and making the user’s voice 8. ________(loud). The device can also translate a person’s voice into eight other languages.
The mask will 9. ________(hopeful) be put into the market next year. The designer says he has received strong interest in the product from some potential 10. ________(customer).
IV.
A
【文章大意】本文属于说明文, 作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了一种新的飞机宿舍, 能够带给人比较舒适的休息环境, 使旅行者得到一种拥有宁静夜晚的新方法。
1. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第一段Many people hate the idea of having to sleep on a plane. But Swedish entrepreneur Oscar Dios thinks they can be persuaded otherwise and he has created a new kind of hostel to prove it. “很多人不喜欢必须在飞机上睡觉的想法。但瑞典企业家Oscar Dios认为他们会被说服, 因此, 他创造了一种新的宿舍去证明它。”可知, C选项是正确的。
2. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第三段I learned about this plane that was standing abandoned at Arlanda airport and I’ve been trying the concept of hostels in many different houses and buildings“我知道这架飞机在阿兰达机场废弃, 并且我一直在尝试在许多不同的房屋和建筑物中建立宿舍的概念。”可知喷气式飞机宿舍是在机场的, 所以C选项是正确的。
3. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第六段The jet, which was originally produced for Singapore Airlines“这架喷气式飞机最初是为新加坡航空公司生产的”可知这架废弃的飞机是新加坡航空公司的, 所以B选项是正确的。
4. 【解析】选B。主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 文章主要讲了一种新的飞机宿舍, 能够带给人比较舒适的休息环境, 使旅行者得到一种拥有宁静夜晚的新方法, 所以B选项是正确的。
B
5. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据题干中的 blue light 可定位至文章第一段最后一句 It might be, mainly because as we stare at our devices we are exposing ourselves to blue light. 和第二段第一句 Blue light is a type of electromagnetic radiation with a very short wavelength that produces a high amount of energy. 可知, 蓝光是一种电磁辐射, 波长很短, 产生大量的能量, 而且当我们盯着我们的设备时, 我们会将自己暴露在蓝光下。由此推知, 蓝光可能出自电子设备。故D项正确。
6. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二、三句可知, 虽然在某些情况下光线确实会损害我们的眼睛, 但没有科学证据表明蓝光对我们的眼睛有害。但很多人仍然认为是这样, 这就是为什么遮蓝光眼镜如此受欢迎。由此可知是相信蓝光对眼睛有害致使遮蓝光眼镜的流行。故正确答案为C。
7. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章第四段第二、三句 In fact, the sun is the largest source of blue light. Moreover, blue light is also present in LED light. 可知, 事实上, 太阳是最大的蓝光源。此外, 蓝光也存在于LED光中。因此蓝光照射在生活中是很难避免的。故B项正确。A项“揉眼睛使人紧张”, C项“蓝光可能与眼疲劳有关”, D项“眼睛的问题不容易处理”, 均不符合文意。故正确答案为B。
8.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章第四段最后一句 So, if eyestrain is the real issue, blue-light-blocking glasses are probably of little use. 可知, 所以, 如果眼疲劳是真正的问题, 那么遮蓝光眼镜可能用处不大。因此戴遮蓝光眼镜可能是无用的。故A项正确。B项“有害的”, C项“累人的”, D项“有益的”, 均不符合文意。故正确答案为A。
V.【文章大意】文章介绍了日托对儿童成长的影响。
1. 【解析】选A。根据上文可知, 把孩子送到日托中心可以帮助有工作的父母把他们的注意力从照顾孩子上转移开。根据文章第二段第一句 How daycare negatively affects children is related to many factors. 可知, 日托对儿童的负面影响与许多因素有关。上文提到了日托的好处, 下文具体论述了日托的缺点, 故此空应该引出日托的缺点。A项意为“但是日托也有它的缺点”, 承上启下, 符合语境。故正确答案为A。
2. 【解析】选D。根据上文可知, 另一项研究表明, 当一个人表现出压力迹象时, 体内会释放出荷尔蒙皮质醇, 害羞的儿童的荷尔蒙皮质醇水平更高。故此空应该与解释为什么害羞的儿童体内会释放出更高水平的荷尔蒙皮质醇有关。D项意为“这是因为一个害羞的孩子不会在公共场合敞开心扉”, 承接上文, 符合语境。故正确答案为D。
3. 【解析】选E。根据下文可知, 因此, 对一个孩子来说, 与他或她的母亲建立深厚的关系是至关重要的, 因为这将为他或她今后在生活中形成的所有关系奠定基础。故此空应该与为什么婴儿和母亲建立深厚的关系是至关重要的有关。E项意为“婴儿变得非常依恋他们的主要照顾者”, 引出下文, 符合语境。故正确答案为E。
4. 【解析】选F。根据上文可知, 在日托中心, 当一个看护人同时照顾多个孩子时, 她可能无法深入了解为什么一个孩子过得好或不好。故此空应该与看护人无法深入了解为什么一个孩子过得好或不好的后果有关。F项意为“在这种情况下, 孩子可能变得完全安静或好斗”, 承接上文, 符合语境。故正确答案为F。
5. 【解析】选C。根据上文可知, 日托的另一个消极的方面是, 如果孩子们与生病的孩子接触, 他们更有可能生病。根据下文可知, 维护良好的日托中心通过提供精心设置的环境为孩子的全面发展做出了巨大贡献。上文阐述了日托的缺点, 下文论述了日托的优点, 上下文存在转折, 故此空应该引出日托的优点。C项意为“然而, 日托的好处是不能忽视的”, 承上启下, 符合语境。故正确答案为C。
VI. 【参考范文】
Dear Peter,
Delighted to receive your letter inquiring something about Donating Books to Rural Primary Schools, I am writing to inform you of some detailed information.
The activity is aimed to help rural primary schools by sending various kinds of books to those students, which can not only broaden their horizons, but also cultivate their capabilities of thinking and learning independently and critically. Additionally, the volunteers should be diligent and optimistic, assuring them to face some setbacks during the process of this activity.
If you have any questions about this project, please contact me without any hesitation.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua(共37张PPT)
选择性必修二 Unit 1 Science and Scientists
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. transform vt. &vi. 使改变形态; 改变; 转变
【教材原句】
Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. (P3)
另外, 斯诺利用他对地图和数据的使用, 改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。
【词块必记】
(1)transform. . . into. . . 把……变成……
transform sb. /sth. from. . . 把某人/物从……中转变
(2)transformation n. 改变, 变革
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①The past ten years has witnessed a complete _____________ (transform) of
my hometown.
②When a camera was pointed at her, Marilyn would instantly transform herself
____ a radiant star.
完成句子
③She used to be terribly shy, but a year abroad has ________________________
(她完全变了).
transformation
into
completely transformed her
2. blame vt. 把……归咎于; 责怪; 指责 n. 责备; 指责
【典型例句】
We should communicate more and understand each other instead of blaming each other in such a competitive society.
在竞争如此激烈的社会, 我们应该多交流、彼此理解, 而不是相互责备。
【词块必记】
(1)blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而责备某人
blame sth. on sb. 把某事怪到某人头上
be to blame(for)(因……) 应受责备; 应负责任(不能用被动形式)
(2)bear/take the blame for. . . 对……负责, 承担责任
lay/put the blame for sth. on sb. 把某事的责任推到某人身上
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①In my view, Li Hua, who broke the school rule, was ________(blame).
②Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame ___ the
alarm clock.
③He blamed his brother ___ breaking the window.
句型转换
④In terms of this severe traffic accident, the police had figured
out the cause of the case and it was the driver of the lorry that was to blame.
→In terms of this severe traffic accident, the police had figured out the cause of
the case and it was the driver of the lorry that should ________________it.
to blame
on
for
take the blame for
3. link n. 联系; 纽带 vt. 把……连接起来; 相关联
【教材原句】
Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. (P3)此外, 后来, 斯诺发现了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同供水公司之间的联系。
【词块必记】
(1)把A与B连接/联系起来
(2)be linked with/to 与……有联系/有关
(3)link up (with) (与……)结合, 连接
(4)There is a link between. . . and. . . ……和……之间有联系
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①Researchers have found that there is __ direct link between the increase in food
eaten outside the home and the rise in weight problems.
②Arrangements are being made to link ___ the two firms, so as to reduce the
competition.
③Whether pollution is directly linked __ the disease is under debate.
a
up
to
【典例赏析】
Make sure this hobby is not linked to your career; you have to relax and relieve your stress while performing this.
确保这个爱好与你的职业无关, 做它的时候你必须放松和减轻压力。
Ⅱ. 核心短语
4. be likely to 很可能
【典型例句】 If you can find suitable learning methods, your learning efficiency is likely to be improved. 如果你找到合适的学习方法, 你的学习效率就有可能提高。
【词块必记】
be more/most likely to do sth. 更/最可能做某事
be less likely to do sth. 较少可能做某事
It is likely that. . . 可能会……
【误区释疑】
It is likely/possible/probable that. . . ( )
It is possible ( for sb. ) to do sth. ( )
Sb. /Sth. is likely to do sth. ( )
Sb. /Sth. is possible/probable to do sth. ( )
√
√
√
×
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①Studies show that people are likely ________(suffer) from back problems if they
always sit before computer screens for long hours.
②__ is likely that you will suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
完成句子
③Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in
elementary school, ____________________________________________________.
那些在高中地位最高的人, 以及那些在小学最不受欢迎的人“最有可能从事
危险和冒险的行为”。
to suffer
It
are “most likely to engage in dangerous and risky behavior”
Ⅲ. 经典句式
5. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 他发现在两条特定的街道霍乱爆发非常严重, 10天内就有500多人死亡。
【句型公式】
so/such. . . that. . . 如此……以至于……
(1)so. . . that. . . 句型的常见形式:
(2)such. . . that. . . 句型的基本结构:
such+a(n)+adj. +n. (单数可数名词)+that. . .
such+adj. +n. (复数可数名词/不可数名词)+that. . .
(3)so. . . /such. . . 位于句首时, 主句部分倒装
So big is the newly-built stadium that it can hold all the teachers and students in our school.
【知识微练】
单句语法填空
①There were __ many books in the bookstore that I didn’t know which one to
choose.
②Dalian is ____ an attractive place that lots of tourists visit the city every year.
③It is ____ lovely weather that we all want to go out for a walk.
完成句子
④So clearly ____________English that he can always make himself understood.
他说英语说得如此清晰, 以至于别人都能听懂。
so
such
such
does he speak
6. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 这个女人似乎非常喜欢水泵里的水, 所以她每天都让人把水送到家里来。
【句型公式】
have sth. done 使某事被做
(1)表示“请, 让别人做某事”
I’ll have my bike repaired.
我将(让别人)修我的自行车。
(2)表示主语有某种不幸的遭遇或经历
He fell off the tree and had his leg broken.
他从树上掉下来摔断了腿。
【知识拓展】
(1)have sb. /sth. doing sth.
让某人做某事/让某事发生(动作持续) (肯定句)
(2)have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
(3)have sth. done 让别人做某事; 完成某事
(4)have sth. to do 有某事要做(不定式作定语)
(5)can’t have sb. doing sth. 不允许某人做某事
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①There is no need to worry. He will try to have his work _______ (finish)on time.
②I’m sorry, I can’t go out with you. I have an urgent thing
_______(settle).
③He had the light _______ (burn)all night, which made his parents very angry.
完成句子
④I __________________________________in a rude manner. You must
apologize to her immediately.
我不允许你用粗鲁的方式跟你的妈妈说话。你必须立刻向她道歉。
finished
to settle
burning
can’t have you speaking to your mother
【补充要点】
1. confident adj. 自信的; 有把握的; 有信心的
【典型例句】 I feel much more confident than I felt this morning. 我感觉现在比早晨更有信心了。
【词块必记】
be confident of/about. . . 对……有把握/信心
be confident that. . . 确信……
【知识拓展】
(1)confidence n. 信心; 信任
have confidence in 信任……; 对……有信心
with confidence 自信地; 肯定地
(2)confidently adv. 自信地
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①He gave her a confident smile and his __________ made her face the challenge
bravely and __________. (confident)
②We are confident ________ the development path we have chosen.
③We should encourage him to have confidence __ himself.
confidence
confidently
of/about
in
【典例赏析】
We should be confident that we can overcome these difficulties.
我们应该有把握, 我们是能够克服这些困难的。
2. suspect vt. &vi. 怀疑; 疑有; 不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人; 可疑对象
【教材原句】 Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. (P2)斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首。
【词块必记】
suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人做某事
【知识拓展】 常用“vt. + sb. + of sth. ”短语
warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事
accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事
cure sb. of sth. 给某人治愈某病; 改正某人的不良行为
inform sb. of sth. 告知某人某事
convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
remind sb. of sth. 使某人回想起某事
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①The police suspected him __ carrying drugs so they went through his bag,
but found nothing.
②The photos remind me __ the old days which we spent together.
③__________(suspect) there was something very unusual about the murder,
the policeman returned to the scene to
search for more evidence.
of
of
Suspecting
【典例赏析】
Some parents hesitate to take these steps because they suspect that their child is exaggerating. 一些家长迟迟不肯采取这些措施, 因为他们怀疑自己的孩子在夸大其词。
IV.话题写作
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷改编)
你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题, 写一篇短文参赛, 内容包括:
1. 人物简介;
2. 尊敬和爱戴的原因。
注意: 1. 词数80个左右;
2. 短文题目和首句已为你写好。
The person I respect
There are many respectable people around us. _________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Step 1 写作技巧
1. 词汇提升。
Many people died in the outbreak of the 2019-nCoV.
→The outbreak of the 2019-nCoV _______ many deaths.
2. 句子合并。
I admire many people in the world, but I admire Zhong Nanshan most, who is a
medical scientist. (定语从句)
→There are quite a few people that I admire all over the world, but the one I admire
most is Zhong Nanshan, ________________. (同位语)
claimed
a medical scientist
3. 句式升级(强调句型)。
Zhong Nanshan played a crucial role in managing the SARS outbreak in 2003, and
he also led his team to fight against the virus tirelessly day and night for the sake
of people and eventually succeeded in the battle.
→____Zhong Nanshan, ____ played a crucial role in successfully managing the
SARS outbreak in 2003, led his team to fight against the virus tirelessly day and
night for the sake of people and eventually succeeded in the battle.
It is
who
Step 2 妙笔成篇
The person I respect
There are many respectable people around us. There are quite a few people that I admire all over the world, but the one I admire most is Zhong Nanshan, a medical scientist.
An unprecedented virus called the 2019-nCoV hit China in 2019. Since the outbreak of the 2019-nCoV, it has claimed many deaths. It is urgent that we should take measures to prevent us from being infected. It is Zhong Nanshan, who played a crucial role in successfully managing the SARS outbreak in 2003, led his team to fight against the virus tirelessly day and night for the sake of people and eventually succeeded in the battle. Dangerous as the situation was, he marched forward bravely regardless of his own safety.
To sum up, he is universally acknowledged to be a brilliant doctor, who sets a good example to us. He is the real hero in my heart. 选择性必修第二册Unit 1综合能力检测
第一部分 听力 (共两节, 满分30分)（略）
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Some of the greatest scientists of all time are women who have made important discoveries in a variety of fields in science. Several of their contributions throughout history are even more than men’s contributions. Our list of the most famous female scientists below is organized in order of popularity so you can read about the advancements that they made.
Marie Curie (1867-1934)
Famous For: Work on radioactivity
Marie Curie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize and the only woman to win this award in two fields: Physics and Chemistry. She discovered polonium and radium and her work helped with the creation of X-rays.
Jane Goodall (1934)
Famous For: Primate (灵长类) studies
Jane Goodall is known world-wide for her groundbreaking studies on primates. She is considered as the top expert on chimps in the world and is perhaps best known for her 45-year study on the social lives of these animals in Tanzania.
Rita Levi-Montalcini (1909-2012)
Famous For: Nerve growth studies
Rita Levi-Montalcini was a neurologist (神经病学家) who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1986 for her findings in Nerve Growth Factor (NGF). She was the first Nobel Prize winner to live past her 100th birthday.
Lise Meitner (1878-1968)
Famous For: Work on radioactivity and nuclear physics
Lise Meitner was a key member of a group that discovered nuclear fission (裂变). One of her colleagues, Otto Hahn, was given the Nobel Prize for this work. That Meitner didn’t get the award is considered to be a huge error by the Nobel committee.
21. Who is still contributing to the world
A. Marie Curie. B. Jane Goodall.
C. Rita Levi-Montalcini. D. Lise Meitner.
22. What did Rita Levi-Montalcini reseach on
A. Nerve growth. B. The wildlife.
C. Nuclear explosion. D. Radioactivity.
23. What do we know about Lise Meitner
A. She was awarded the Nobel Prize.
B. She made a big mistake in her work.
C. She did lots of studies about nerve growth.
D. She made great contributions to nuclear physics.
B
In the 1880s, long before she became her era’s greatest female explorer, eight-year-old Harriet Chalmers traveled through the Sierra Nevada on horseback with her father. When she was 24, Chalmers married Franklin Pierce Adams, and they set off for Latin America, where they covered 40, 000 miles on a horse, by boat and on foot. When they returned nearly three years later, she gave a lecture at National Geographic and started a 30-year career as a contributor.
Adams made it her mission to visit every country that was or had been a Spanish colony, and revisited the places where Christopher Columbus had stayed from Europe to the Americas. She traveled around Asia and attended Haile Selassie’s Coronation(加冕礼) as the emperor of Ethiopia. During World War Ⅰ, she was the first female journalist allowed to photograph the French trenches(战壕), where she stayed for months.
She wrote 21 articles detailing her experiences for National Geographic, more than any other woman published in the magazine’s first half century. In those pieces, she criticized the injustices that she had observed. “Where were the blessings the Europeans claimed they brought to millions of Latin Americans I could hardly find them, ” she wrote after a visit to Peru. “What have they not suffered under the control of the Europeans ”
Adams had no professional training as a geographer and had never been to college, but her color photo slides and adventurous travel style won her invitations to speak around the world, often from the organizations that had never invited a woman before. She was the third American woman asked to join the Royal Geographical Society in England. However, the New York-based Explorers Club gave her and other outstanding female adventurers the cold shoulder.
“Men have always been so afraid that some mere woman might get into their discussion that they don’t even permit women in their clubhouses, ” Adams once said, “Let alone allow them to attend any meetings for discussions that might be significantly helpful. ”
Several female explorers decided to form their own club. In 1925, the Society of Woman Geographers started with Adams as president, and she served until moving to France in 1933, where she died four years later at 61.
24. What did Adams do during the first three years of her marriage
A. She traveled through the Sierra Nevada.
B. She explored Latin America with her husband.
C. She contributed regularly to National Geographic.
D. She learned horse riding under her husband’s guidance.
25. What was Adams involved in during world war Ⅰ
A. Taking photographs on the front line.
B. Traveling around European countries.
C. Fighting together with French soldiers.
D. Doing research on Christopher Columbus.
26. What was expressed in Adams’ words in Para. 3
A. Relief. B. Curiosity.
C. Tolerance. D. Disapproval.
27. How did Explorers Club treat Adams
A. It paid no attention to her.
B. It rejected her help coldly.
C. It invited her to join in their discussion.
D. It asked her to join the Royal Geographical Society.
C
Three scientists who played central roles in the discovery of the hepatitis C virus(丙型肝炎病毒) have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2020. This prize will be shared by Michael Houghton, from the United Kingdom, and United States scientists Harvey J. Alter and Charles M. Rice, who all made notable contributions toward the discovery of the blood-born virus that causes chronic (慢性的)liver problems.
Alter demonstrated in the 1970s that some people who received blood transfusions(输血) would develop cases of hepatitis that were not caused by the hepatitis A or B viruses, suggesting that another infectious agent was to blame. In the 1980s, Houghton managed to isolate(分离) the genetic sequence of the virus, while Rice proved that the pathogen(病原体) could replicate and cause infection. The World Health Organization estimates that around 71 million people worldwide live with hepatitis C, which can cause major liver complications(并发症) and, in some cases, death.
The Nobel Assembly said the three researchers had contributed to a “landmark achievement in the ongoing battle against viral diseases”. “The discovery of hepatitis C virus revealed the cause of the remaining cases of chronic hepatitis and made blood tests and new medicines that have saved millions of lives possible, ” the assembly said in a statement. “Thanks to their discovery, highly sensitive blood tests for the virus are now available and these have essentially eliminated post-transfusion hepatitis in many parts of the world, greatly improving global health. ” The assembly said that the discoveries performed by the newly minted Nobel Laureates also allowed for the rapid development of antiviral drugs directed at hepatitis C. “For the first time in history, the disease can now be cured, raising hopes of eradicating hepatitis C virus from the world population”, the statement said.
The award for physiology and medicine is the first of the Nobel Prizes to be handed out this year, with prizes in physics, chemistry, literature, peace and economics to follow during the next seven days.
28. What was the important discovery of three scientists
A. The hepatitis A virus
B. The hepatitis B virus
C. The hepatitis C virus.
D. The risk of blood transfusions.
29. Who succeeded in extracting the sequence of the virus
A. Michael Houghton
B. Harvey J. Alter
C. Charles M. Rice
D. The World Health Organization
30. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3
A. The significance of the discovery.
B. The course of the discovery.
C. The disadvantage of the discovery.
D. The harm of the hepatitis.
31. What does the underlined word “eradicating” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Discovering. B. Knowing.
C. Analysing. D. Getting rid of.
D
A new product from Microsoft Corporation can do that for people who have trouble seeing. They may be blind or visually impaired. The product, an app, is currently available for free for Apple’s iPhone and iPad. The app is called Seeing AI. “AI” is short for artificial intelligence, a term for computers with an ability to think and learn like human beings.
Seeing AI uses both a camera and artificial intelligence to identify places, objects and people. The app then announces what the camera sees so users will know what is in front of them.
People can also use Seeing AI to learn words in English. With the app open, you can point your iPhone or iPad at any object and it will say what the object is. With Seeing AI, users can hear a description of not just objects, but also people. It can even tell you about their emotions. It will not just say that someone is smiling. The app will say that the person is happy. Or surprised. Or angry. People can use the app when going to a store or supermarket. It can read product bar codes so users will know whether a can is filled with fruit or dog food. Microsoft says Seeing AI will soon be able to identify banknotes so people know whether they are holding a bill that is worth $ 100 or $ 1.
At restaurants, diners can use the new app to hear a list of drinks and other menu things. It can recognize both food choices and prices. People can use the app to read signs and get directions, although Microsoft warns against using it for navigation(导航)purposes.
One of the more interesting tools of Seeing AI is its ability to read documents. The app can read documents aloud and even help a user position them on the center of the electronic device.
The app is currently available in just the US, Canada, India, Hong Kong, New Zealand and Singapore—however, Microsoft says that the app will be available in other countries and districts soon.
32. Who is Seeing AI intended for
A. People working at the restaurant.
B. People having visual disabilities.
C. People buying goods in the supermarket.
D. People having difficulty in learning languages.
33. Microsoft warns users not to use Seeing AI for .
A. navigating
B. reading documents
C. describing a person
D. reading product bar codes
34. What can we infer about Seeing AI
A. It was developed by Apple.
B. It can be used on computers.
C. It is helpful to people who is blind.
D. Everyone can use it with a smartphone.
35. Which of following is true about Seeing AI
A. It will have more new functions.
B. It has already replaced people’s eyes.
C. It will soon be available on Android.
D. It helps people learn English and Chinese words.
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Words have the power to build us up or tear us down. It doesn’t matter if the words come from ourselves or someone else. The positive and negative effects are just as lasting.
36 We’re usually too embarrassed to admit it, though. In fact, we really shouldn’t be because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit. This “self-talk” helps us motivate ourselves, remember things, solve problems, and calm ourselves down. Be aware, though, that as much as 77% of self-talk tends to be negative. 37
Often, words come out of our mouths without thinking about the effect they will have. But we should be aware that our words cause certain responses in others. For example, when returning an item to a store, we might use warm, friendly language during the exchange. And the clerk will probably respond in a similar manner. 38
Words possess power because of their lasting effect. Many of us regret something we once said. We remember unkind words said to us as well. Before speaking, we should always ask ourselves: 39 If what we want to say doesn’t pass this test, then it’s better left unsaid.
Words possess power: both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope, build self-esteem and motivate others to do their best. 40 Will we use our words to hurt or to heal The choice is ours.
A. Is it loving
B. How should I say it
C. We all talk to ourselves sometimes.
D. Negative words destroy all those things.
E. Generally people like positive and pleasant words.
F. However, critical language may cause anger and defence.
G. So we should only speak encouraging words to ourselves.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Angela never liked seeing plastic waste washed up on the shore near her home. She had been 41 to call on her community to clean it up, to change the 42 , so she tried to set up an organization called Washed Ashore: Art to Save the Sea. Her 43 proved quite a success.
Here’s how it 44 . Volunteers help clean up 300 miles of shoreline. Then, 45 only plastic from the beach clean up, Angela and many other volunteers create sculptures of sea 46 . She explains, “I mean to create sculptures that make people take a look and 47 : ‘How can there be this much waste on the beach ‘ 48 these sculptures will make people consider what they have 49 in their daily life and realize how so much plastic ends up in the oceans. ” So far, about 10, 000 50 volunteers have collected 21 tons of waste and helped create more than 70 works of art. Four traveling 51 have demonstrated the art works in 18 places of the country. One of the sculptures, Turtle Ocean, received a 52 honor. It was admitted into the National Museum.
The Washed Ashore team is now working on sculpture of a dolphin, with 53 for more sculptures. “Until we 54 plastic on the beach, the work will continue. These sculptures are a(n) 55 for clean oceans. ” Angela says seriously.
41. A. offering B. longing C. admitting D. hesitating
42. A. landscape B. world C. surface D. situation
43. A. attempt B. choice C. program D. instruction
44. A. walks B. applies C. functions D. prepares
45. A. stopping B. presenting C. delivering D. employing
46. A. waste B. floor C. waves D. creatures
47. A. rethink B. remark C. confirm D. announce
48. A. Generally B. Hopefully C. Fortunately D. Surprisingly
49. A. achieved B. observed C. purchased D. recommended
50. A. devoted B. surprised C. grateful D. adventurous
51. A. guides B. managers C. advertisements D. exhibitions
52. A. folk B. simple C. special D. strange
53. A. plans B. calls C. elements D. exchanges
54. A. get down to B. keep away from C. get rid of D. end up with
55. A. answer B. appeal C. warning D. response
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Zhong Nanshan, 56. ____________ old man, is also an academician of the Chinese Academy of engineering, a famous respiratory expert, and a leading figure in the 57.___________(prevent) and control of respiratory infectious diseases in China.
In the spring of 2003, the SARS epidemic broke 58. _____________ in China and across the globe. Zhong Nanshan not only led 59. _________ took an active part in the battle against SARS. Dangerous as it was, Zhong Nanshan worked hard day and night 60. ____________(treat) the patients. Through their hard work for several months, Zhong Nanshan and his workmates achieved a 61. ___________(remark) result. Soon the SARS epidemic was stopped in its track.
17 years later, when the novel coronavirus pneumonia appeared, he still fought against the virus in the first line of the battle to find the best medicine 62. ___________(overcome) the virus. With him, there is a belief in victory. He is the sea god needle in our heart!
Zhong Nanshan 63. ___________(award) for the Medal of the Republic, a working committee for honor-granting said on Monday, which honored a number of exemplary figures in 2019 for their outstanding 64. ___________(contribution) to the People’s Republic’s development since 65. ____________ (it) founding in 1949.
第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华。元旦前夕, 你班将举办一场迎新晚会, 请你给外教Mr White写一封信, 邀请他参加。
内容包括:
1. 时间;
2. 地点;
3. 活动。
注意:
1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段话, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
In 1989 an 8. 2 earthquake almost destroyed America, killing over 30, 000 people in less than four minutes. In the midst of utter devastation (破坏) and chaos, a father left his wife safely at home and rushed to the school where his son was supposed to be, only to discover that the building was as flat as a pancake.
After the unforgettably initial shock, he remembered the promise he had made to his son, “No matter what, I’ll always be there for you! ” And tears began to fill his eyes. As he looked at the pile of ruins that once was the school, he looked hopeless, but he kept remembering his commitment to his son.
He began to direct his attention towards where he walked his son to class at school each morning. Remembering his son’s classroom would be in the back right corner of the building, he rushed there and started digging through the ruins.
As he was digging, other helpless parents arrived, heartbroken, saying, “My son! ” “My daughter! ” Other well-meaning parents tried to pull him off what was left of the school, saying, “It’s too late! They’re all dead! You can’t help! Go home! Come on, face reality, there’s nothing you can do! ”
To each parent he responded with one line, “Are you going to help me now ” And then he continued to dig for his son, stone by stone. The fire chief showed up and tried to pull him off the school’s ruins, saying, “Fires are breaking out, explosions are happening everywhere. You’re in danger. We’ll take care of it. Go home. ” To which this loving, caring American father asked, “Are you going to help me now ”
The police came and said, “You’re angry, anxious and it’s over. You’re endangering others. Go home. We’ll handle it! ” To which he replied, “Are you going to help me now ” No one helped.
注意: 续写词数应为150左右。
Courageously he went on alone because he needed to know for himself: “Is my boy alive or is he dead ”
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
“There are 14 of us left out of 33, Dad, ” Armand replied,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
第一部分 听力 (共两节, 满分30分)（略）
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文主要列举了4位著名的女科学家在各自领域所取得的成就和影响。
21.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据每个人物后面的时间可知, Jane Goodall出生于1934, 而后面没有给去世时间, 说明还在世, 还在为世界做贡献。故选B。
22.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据Rita Levi-Montalcini(1909-2012)部分中Famous For: Nerve growth studies可知因为神经发育研究而出名。由此可知, Rita Levi-Montalcini研究的是神经发育。故选A。
23. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据Lise Meitner(1878-1968)部分中Famous For: Work on radioactivity and nuclear physics可知因为研究放射性和核物理而出名。由此可知, Lise Meitner对核物理学做出了巨大的贡献。故选D。
B
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是女性探险家, 《国家地理》撰稿人哈丽特·查默斯的人生经历和事业发展。
24. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段后两句可知24岁时, 查默斯嫁给了富兰克林·皮尔斯·亚当斯, 他们出发前往拉丁美洲, 在那里他们骑马、乘船、徒步旅行了4万英里。当他们近三年后回来时, 她在《国家地理》杂志社做了一次演讲, 并开始了30年的撰稿生涯。可知她结婚的前三年和她丈夫一起去探索拉丁美洲。故选B项。
25. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知在第一次世界大战期间, 她是第一个被允许拍摄法国战壕的女记者, 她在那里待了好几个月。可知她去到了前线拍照。故选A项。
26. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段可知在这些作品中, 她批评了她所观察到的不公正现象。“欧洲人声称给数百万拉丁美洲人带来的福祉在哪里 ”我几乎找不到它们, ”她在访问秘鲁后写道。“在欧洲人的控制下, 他们还有什么没遭受过 ”即她对欧洲人殖民侵略拉丁美洲感到不满, 所以她的话语表明她反对的态度, 故选D项。
27. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知然而, 总部位于纽约的探索者俱乐部却对她和其他杰出的女性冒险家非常冷漠。短语“the cold shoulder”表示冷落, 爱搭不理, A项“并未关注她”表达切题, 故选A项。
C
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。介绍了2020年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖近日揭晓, 获奖者是三位在发现丙型肝炎病毒的过程中做出重大贡献的科学家。
28.【解析】选C。 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Three scientists who played central roles in the discovery of the hepatitis C virus have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2020”可知, 故选C项。
29. 【解析】选A。 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In the 1980s, Houghton managed to isolate the genetic sequence of the virus”可知Houghton成功地分离出了丙型肝炎病毒的基因序列, 故选A项。
30. 【解析】选A。 段落大意题。本段主要介绍了诺贝尔奖大会丙型肝炎病毒的发现的意义。丙型肝炎病毒的发现使研制新药成为可能, 从而挽救了数百万人的性命, 故选A项。
31.【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据丙肝可以被治疗, 为在全人类中根除丙型肝炎病毒带来了希望。可推测画线单词意为“消除”, 故选D项。
D
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了微软公司的一款新的人工智能软件, 可以在很多方面帮助盲人或有视力障碍的人。
32. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。从第一段前两句可知微软公司的一款新产品可以为视力有障碍的人做到那一点。他们可能是盲人或视力受损的人。可推知, 选项B“People having visual disabilities. ”(有视觉障碍的人)符合题意。故选B。
33. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。从倒数第三段最后一句人们可以使用这款应用软件来识别标志和获取方向, 尽管微软警告不要将其用于导航目的。可推知, 微软警告不要用这款软件来导航。故选A。
34.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章前两句微软公司的一款新产品可以为视力有障碍的人做到那一点。他们可能是盲人或视力受损的人。可推知, 这款人工智能软件对于盲人是非常有帮助的。故选C。
35. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句微软表示, Seeing AI不久将能够识别钞票, 这样人们就能知道他们手中的钞票是面值100美元还是1美元。可知, Seeing AI很快就能有更多的新功能。故选A。
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了语言的力量。积极的语言可以激励我们, 消极的语言会摧毁我们。
36. 【解析】选C。根据空后一句可知然而, 我们通常觉得太尴尬而不承认。与选项C. We all talk to ourselves sometimes. (我们所有人都会时不时自言自语)承接自然, 后文的it指代选项的内容, 故选C项。
37. 【解析】选G。根据空前一句可知但是, 要清楚多达77%的自言自语倾向于消极。与选项G. So we should only speak encouraging words to ourselves. (因此, 我们应该只对自己说鼓励的话)承接自然, 前后句构成明显的因果关系, negative和encouraging是关键词, 故选G项。
38. 【解析】选F。根据空前两句可知例如, 当把一件商品退回商店时, 我们在交换期间可能会用温和、友好的语言。店员很可能会用同样的方式回复你。与设空处是两种对比的情况, 且构成明显的转折关系, friendly和critical是关键词, 故选F项。
39. 【解析】选A。前文Before speaking, we should always ask ourselves: (在说话之前, 我们应该总是问问自己)与选项A. Is it loving (它是表示关爱的话吗 )承接自然, 前文提出“问自己”, 下文给出问题, 故选A项。
40. 【解析】选D。根据空前两句当我们说积极的话时, 我们周围的人会得到鼓励。我们可以提供希望、建立自信以及激励别人做到最好。前后部分分别陈述积极话语和消极话语的两种情况, 选项D中的those代指前文的We can offer hope, build self-esteem and motivate others to do their best, 故选D项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了Angela创立了致力于清理海岸垃圾的社区组织, 并用海岸垃圾创作出海洋生物雕塑, 以提醒人们需要的是一个洁净的海洋。
41.【解析】选B。句意: 她一直渴望号召她的社区将它清理干净, 改变现状, 所以她努力地成立了一个名为“冲上岸: 拯救海洋的艺术”的组织。 offering主动提供; longing渴望; admitting承认; hesitating犹豫。long to do sth. 渴望做某事, 符合语境, 故选B。
42.【解析】选D。她是想通过这个组织来改变目前塑料垃圾堆满海滩的现状。change the situation改变现状。 landscape风景, 景色; world世界; surface表面; situation现状。故选D。
43. 【解析】选A。根据下文可知她的努力很成功。 attempt尝试, 努力; choice选择; program节目; instruction说明。故选A。
44. 【解析】选C。本段后文在讲述该组织的运作流程。walks步行; applies应用, 申请; functions运作, 功能; prepares准备。故选C。
45. 【解析】选D。根据下句可知, 这些雕塑应是使用海滩清理中的塑料创作而成。stopping阻止; presenting呈现; delivering传送; employing雇用, 使用。故选D。
46. 【解析】选D。句意: 利用海滩清理工作中的塑料, Angela和其他许多志愿者创作了海洋生物的雕塑。 waste浪费, 废弃物; floor地板; waves海浪, 风潮; creatures生物, 动物。故选D。
47. A. rethink B. remark
C. confirm D. announce
【解析】选A。结合语境可知, 后文“How can there be this much waste on the beach ”(海滩上怎么会有这么多垃圾 ), 这应是人们看到雕塑后思考的内容, 与后文consider相呼应。 rethink重新考虑; remark评论; confirm证明, 确认; announce宣告。故选A。
48. 【解析】选B。Angela希望这些雕塑能让人们思考他们在日常生活中购买了什么, 并意识到如此多的塑料最终会流入海洋。 Generally一般地, 普遍地; Hopefully有希望地; Fortunately幸运地; Surprisingly出乎意料地。故选B。
49.【解析】选C。结合常识和后文“in their daily life”(在他们的日常生活中)可推知, 日常生活中购买的东西中有大量的塑料垃圾。 achieved获得; observed观察; purchased购买; recommended推荐。故选C。
50. 【解析】选A。句意: 到目前为止, 大约1万名志愿者已经尽心尽力地收集了21吨垃圾, 并帮助创作了70多件艺术品。 devoted挚爱的, 忠诚的, 全心全意的; surprised惊奇的; grateful感激的; adventurous有冒险精神的。故选A。
51. 【解析】选D。根据后文“have demonstrated the art works in 18 places of the country”可知, 在全国18个地方展出这些作品, 应是举行了巡回展。guides导游; managers经理; advertisements广告; exhibitions展览。故选D。
52.【解析】选C。句意: 其中一个雕塑, 《海龟海洋》获得了一项特别的荣誉。 folk民间的; simple简单的; special特别的; strange奇怪的。故选C。
53. 【解析】选A。句意: “冲上岸”团队现在正在制作海豚的雕塑, 并计划制作更多的雕塑。 plans计划; calls电话; elements要素, 基本成分; exchanges交换, 交谈。故选A。
54. 【解析】选C。从前文可知, 该志愿者团队是打捞被冲上岸的塑料垃圾的, 当然在他们完全清除海滩上的塑料前, 工作还将继续。get down to开始考虑, 着手处理; keep away from远离; get rid of摆脱; end up with以……结束。故选C。
55. 【解析】选B。句意: Angela严肃地说: “这些雕塑是对清洁海洋的呼吁。” answer答案; appeal呼吁; warning警告; response回复。故选B。
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国工程院院士, 著名呼吸系统专家, 全国呼吸感染性疾病防治领军人物——钟南山。
56. 【解析】an。考查冠词。句意: 钟南山, 一位老人, 是中国工程院院士, 著名呼吸科专家, 中国呼吸传染病防治领军人物。此处作Zhong Nanshan的同位语, 泛指“一位老人”, 应使用不定冠词, old的发音以元音音素开头, 应使用an。故填an。
57. 【解析】prevention。考查名词。此处与and后的control是并列成分, 作介词in的宾语, 应使用名词, 抽象意义, 不可数, 故填prevention。
58. 【解析】out。考查固定短语。句意: 2003年春天, 中国和世界各地爆发了非典疫情。根据句意可知, 此处使用固定短语break out“爆发”。故填out。
59. 【解析】but。考查固定搭配。句意: 钟南山不仅领导而且积极参加了抗击非典的战斗。根据句意可知, 此处是固定搭配not only. . . but (also). . . “不仅……而且……”。故填but。
60. 【解析】treating。考查非谓语动词。句意: 尽管它是危险的, 但是钟南山夜以继日地治疗病人。分析可知, 此处是非谓语动词, 句子主语Zhong Nanshan和treat之间是主动关系, 故用现在分词作伴随状语, 故填treating。
61. 【解析】remarkable。考查形容词。句意: 经过他们几个月的努力工作, 钟南山和他的同事们取得了令人瞩目的结果。此处修饰名词result, 应使用形容词, 作定语。故填remarkable。
62. 【解析】to overcome。考查非谓语动词。句意: 17年后, 当新冠肺炎出现时, 他仍在与病毒战斗的第一线, 寻找战胜病毒的最佳药物。当被修饰词前有序数词、形容词最高级、the only/very/just修饰时, 用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to overcome。
63. 【解析】was awarded。考查时态和语态。句意: 在周一, 中华人民共和国授勋工作委员会宣布钟南山被授予共和国勋章, 并表彰了一批自1949年新中国成立以来为国家发展做出突出贡献的2019年模范人物。award与Zhong Nanshan是被动关系, 应使用被动语态, 由a working committee for honor-granting said on Monday可知, 应使用一般过去时。故填was awarded。
64. 【解析】contributions。考查可数名词的复数。make contributions to表示“对……做贡献”。故填contributions。
65. 【解析】its。考查代词。修饰名词founding 用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
【参考范文】
Dear Mr White,
I am greatly honored to invite you to attend our party, which will be scheduled at 6 p. m. this Sunday at the school hall.
A variety of well-organized activities are waiting for you. To begin with, we will first enjoy delicious meals, closely followed by various performances. Then, there will come the most exciting part of the party: playing interesting games together.
We would love to have you here if you can make it. Please inform us at your earliest convenience, enabling us to make some necessary preparations.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
【参考范文】
Courageously he went on alone because he needed to know for himself: “Is my boy alive or is he dead ” He dug for eight hours. . . 12 hours. . . 24 hours. . . 36 hours. . . Then, in the 38th hour, he pulled back a large stone and heard his son’s voice. After screaming his son’s name, “ARMAND! ” he heard back, “Dad ! It’s me, Dad! ” The faint but familiar voice brought tears of relief to his eyes. “What’s going on in there How is it ” the father asked anxiously, digging more forcefully with his bare hands.
“There are 14 of us left out of 33, Dad, ” Armand replied, “We’re scared, hungry, thirsty and thankful you’re here. When the building collapsed, it made a triangle, and it saved us. ” “Come out, boy! ” the father yelled eagerly. “No, Dad! Let the other kids out first, because I know you’ll get me! No matter what happens, I know you’ll always be there for me! ”
