选择性必修第二册Unit 3单元词汇默写本
Ⅰ. 核心单词
1. _______________ n. 菜肴; 风味; 烹饪
2. _______________ n. 脾气
3. _______________ n. 品牌
4. _______________ n. 种类
5. _______________ n. 把戏; 诀窍
6. _______________ adj. 完美的 n. 理想; 完美的人(或事物)
7. _______________ adj. 基础的 n. 基本规律
8. _______________ adj. 些许的; 谦虚的
9. _______________ adv. 稍微; 有点
10. _______________ adv. 总体上 adj. 全面的
Ⅱ. 拓展单词
1. consist vi. 组成→_______________ adj. 一致的; 连续的
2. consume vt. 消费; 消耗→_______________ n. 消费者→ _______________ n. 消耗
3. elegant adj. 优雅的 →_______________ n. 优雅
4. prior adj. 先前的; 优先的 →_______________ n. 优先权
5. stable adj. 稳定的; 稳重的 →_______________ n. 稳定性
6. except prep. 除了 →_______________ adj. 特别的; 罕见的
7. minimum adj最小的; 最低(限度)的 n. 最小值 →_______________ v. 最小化
8. associate v. 联系; 联想→_______________ n. 关联; 协会
9. moderate adj. 适度的; 合理的→_______________ n. 适度; 合理
III.核心短语
1. _______________ 在……之前的
2. _______________ 由……组成(或构成)
3. _______________ 切下
4. _______________ 不管; 不顾
5. _______________ 把……联系起来
6. _______________ 查阅; 涉及; 指的是
7. _______________ 向某人推荐某物
8. _______________ 用……把某物填满
9. _______________ 组成; 编造; 化妆; 弥补
10. _______________ 大量
IV.经典句式
1. 句型公式: what 引导表语从句
_______________
人如其食(吃什么你就是什么样的人)。
2. 句型公式: that 引导同位语从句
_______________
然而, 越来越多的证据表明, 相比油腻的食物, 糖是给健康带来不良影响的真正原因。
3. 句型公式: how 引导宾语从句
_______________
怎么样生活以及对饮食做出正确的决定都取决于你。
参考答案
Ⅰ. 核心单词
1. cuisine n. 菜肴; 风味; 烹饪
2. temper n. 脾气
3. brand n. 品牌
4. category n. 种类
5. trick n. 把戏; 诀窍
6. ideal adj. 完美的 n. 理想; 完美的人(或事物)
7. fundamental adj. 基础的 n. 基本规律
8. modest adj. 些许的; 谦虚的
9. somewhat adv. 稍微; 有点
10. overall adv. 总体上 adj. 全面的
Ⅱ. 拓展单词
1. consist vi. 组成→consistent adj. 一致的; 连续的
2. consume vt. 消费; 消耗→consumer n. 消费者→ consumption n. 消耗
3. elegant adj. 优雅的 →elegance n. 优雅
4. prior adj. 先前的; 优先的 →priority n. 优先权
5. stable adj. 稳定的; 稳重的 →stability n. 稳定性
6. except prep. 除了 →exceptional adj. 特别的; 罕见的
7. minimum adj最小的; 最低(限度)的 n. 最小值 →minimize v. 最小化
8. associate v. 联系; 联想→association n. 关联; 协会
9. moderate adj. 适度的; 合理的→moderation n. 适度; 合理
III.核心短语
1. prior to 在……之前的
2. consist of 由……组成(或构成)
3. slice. . . off 切下
4. regardless of 不管; 不顾
5. relate. . . to 把……联系起来
6. refer to 查阅; 涉及; 指的是
7. recommend sth. to sb. 向某人推荐某物
8. stuff sth. with. . . 用……把某物填满
9. make up 组成; 编造; 化妆; 弥补
10. quantities of 大量
IV.经典句式
1. 句型公式: what 引导表语从句
You are what you eat.
人如其食(吃什么你就是什么样的人)。
2. 句型公式: that 引导同位语从句
However, there is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar.
然而, 越来越多的证据表明, 相比油腻的食物, 糖是给健康带来不良影响的真正原因。
3. 句型公式: how 引导宾语从句
It is up to you to decide how you want to live, and to make the right decisions about your diet.
怎么样生活以及对饮食做出正确的决定都取决于你。选择性必修二 Unit 3 Food and Culture
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020·江苏高考)Every party needs a straight person. You’ll appear fun and funny by __________ (associate).
2. (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity __________(consume)in the US.
3. (2019·天津高考)I was extremely inspired by the __________ (elegance)way the words sounded.
4. (2018·天津高考)Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems __________ (consist) of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers.
5. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D. C. in a healthy way with __________ (minimize) effort.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. ______________________, Jack didn’t notice me enter his room.
专心于看电影, Jack 没有注意到我进了他的房间。(absorb)
2. ______________________, he turned to his friend for help.
不知道做什么, 他向朋友寻求帮助。
3. ______________________, he spends a lot of time reading books every day.
为了取得进步, 他每天花大量的时间看书。
4. He doesn’t like ______________________.
他不喜欢被别人取笑。
5. Tom stared at the footprint, ______________________.
汤姆盯着脚印, 满心恐惧。
III.语法填空
Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year.
Chinese New Year is a 1. ________ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 2. ________ (carry) special significance. They represent the earth
3. ________(come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:
Oranges: Orange trees are more 4. ________ decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many times
5. ________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices. 6. ________(certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated 7. ________ health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy 8. ________ (care) for and make great presents.
Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The 9. ________ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are 10. ________ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
IV. 阅读理解
A
People worry that developments in Artificial Intelligence, or A. I. , will bring about a point in history when A. I. overtakes human intelligence, leading to an unimaginable revolution in human affairs. Or they wonder whether instead of our controlling artificial intelligence, it will control us.
The situation may not arise for hundreds of years to come, but this doesn’t mean we have nothing to worry about. On the contrary, the A. I. products that now exist are improving faster than most people realize and promise to fundamentally transform our world, not always for the better. They are only tools, not a competing form of intelligence. But they will reshape what work means and how wealth is created.
Unlike the Industrial Revolution and the Computer Revolution, the A. I. Revolution is not taking certain jobs and replacing them with other jobs. Instead, it is believed to cause a wide-scale elimination of jobs—mostly lower-paying jobs, but some higher-paying ones, too.
This transformation will result in enormous profits for the companies that develop A. I. , as well as for the companies that adopt it. We are thus facing two developments that do not sit easily together; enormous wealth concentrated in relatively few hands and enormous numbers of people out of work. What is to be done
Part of the answer will involve educating or retraining people in tasks A. I. tools aren’t good at. Artificial Intelligence is poorly suited for jobs involving creativity, planning and “cross-field” thinking. But these skills are typically required by high-paying jobs that may be hard to retrain displaced workers to do. More promising are lower-paying jobs involving the “people skills” that A. I. lacks: social workers, barmen, doormen—professions requiring human interaction. But how many barmen does a society really need
The solution to the problem of mass unemployment will involve “service jobs of love”. These are jobs that A. I. cannot do, that society needs and that give people a sense of purpose. Examples include accompanying an older person to visit a doctor, helping at an orphanage and serving as a sponsor at charity organization. The volunteer service jobs of today, in other words, may turn into the real jobs of the future.
Other volunteer jobs may be higher-paying and professional, such as compassionate medical service providers. In all cases, people will be able to choose to work fewer hours than they do now.
1. In what aspect is the A. I. Revolution different from the Industrial or the Computer Revolution
A. The A. I. Revolution will finally become one beyond human’s control.
B. A. I. is believed to lead to a point in history when it takes over human intelligence.
C. Higher-paying jobs will take the place of lower-paying ones in the A. I. Revolution.
D. It may bring about mass unemployment no matter how much employees are paid.
2. The underlined word “promising” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to______.
A. promotional B. demanding
C. guaranteed D. potential
3. What does the author suggest in the face of the A. I. Revolution
A. It is sensible to encourage people to take volunteer jobs.
B. People should be instructed to do less demanding jobs.
C. The problem of job loss can be solved by creating lower-paying jobs.
D. Jobs requiring knowledge in different fields are suitable for displaced workers.
4. Which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage
A. The A. I. Revolution Creates New Job Opportunities
B. Challenges the A. I. Revolution Brings to Job Market
C. A Double-edged Sword: the A. I. Revolution
D. Interrelationship between A. I. and Unemployment
B
5G, the fifth generation of wireless, promises lightning-fast download speeds and could lay the foundation for high-tech advancements like self-driving cars. But like many new technologies, it’s causing concern about potential health issues.
The first generation of wireless introduced mobile phones, and 2G brought texting. 3G laid the groundwork for smartphones, and 4G allowed video streaming and more. 5G is expected to download data 20 times faster than its predecessor (前任), and some experts argue it could be much faster.
Too much of a good thing
It’s not just about streaming data faster, it’s about streaming more of it. On a 5G network, a user can download a movie instantly, and data will flow between connected objects without delay. The amount of data people use on mobile devices has gone up 40 times since 2010 and is only expected to increase. 5G networks are wireless companies’ attempts to satisfy that demand.
Uncertain effects
The untested nature of 5G, and the extensiveness of its infrastructure (基础设施), has some worried that the increased exposure could have serious health effects.
Wireless safety advocates (倡议人士) have called for more studies on the effects of the exposure, and one group is trying to stop the installment of 5G networks in Chicago’s neighborhoods.
The federal government has safety rules that wireless companies must obey that limit human exposure to radio waves, including frequencies used with 5G.
Wireless industry association CTIA says typical exposure to 5G infrastructure is comparable to Bluetooth devices and baby monitors, and there is no scientific evidence of negative health effects.
Still, assurances from government agencies and industry operators are not enough for Chicago resident Judy Blake. Additional studies on 5G’s health impacts likely wouldn’t soothe her either. She said, “People can’t choose whether or not to be exposed to this radiation. ”
“I don’t need another test. The only test that’s going to happen now is people’s lives, ” said Blake, 67.
Only time will tell
Though little is known about the long-term health impact of the millimeter waves that 5G operates on, some research has shown short-term exposure could be problematic, said Joel Moskowitz, a public health expert at the University of California at Berkeley.
The eyes and sweat glands (腺体) that are among several body parts studies have shown could be at risk, Moskowitz said. Insects and plant life could also be affected, he added.
The millimeter waves used in 5G are absorbed by the upper layers of skin, potentially causing the temperature of the skin to rise, said Suresh Borkar, a senior lecturer in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the Illinois Institute of Technology. “The effects of extended rises in skin temperature become a big unknown, ” he said.
“This isn’t the first time people will come into contact with millimeter waves: They’re also used in airport body scanners, ” said Lav Varshney, an assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Still, it’s the first time the high-frequency waves will be used on such a scale, and concerns surrounding new technologies are common throughout history.
“When cars first started replacing horse-drawn carriages, people were afraid of what the health impacts of traveling at high speeds would be, ” Varshney said. “There has always been occurrence of this fear. ”
5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. 5G is faster but not safe to human beings.
B. 5G features faster and more in transferring.
C. 5G can meet people’s any demand in theory.
D. 5G just makes little impact on people’s health.
6. What can be inferred from the passage
A. Millimeter waves certainly affect people’s health seriously.
B. Millimeter waves will cause the skin’s temperature to rise.
C. It’s obvious that many scientists object to 5G technology.
D. It’s hard to say whether millimeter waves do damage to health.
7. The underlined word “soothe” in Paragraph 8 most probably means ______.
A. to make somebody feel calm or less worried
B. to make somebody feel happy or more excited
C. to make somebody feel disappointed or less satisfactory
D. to make somebody feel inspired or more energetic
8. The best title for this passage is______.
A. 5G’s Advantages and Disadvantages
B. The Development of Wireless
C. 5G Health Concern
D. 5G Future Prediction
V.完形填空
I first discovered Café Gratitude several months ago. My friend Dr. Heather invited me to 1 her for lunch. Heather had just moved to Los Angeles, and we would discuss the project we were doing. As we sat down and were 2 the delicious vegetarian menu, the server who came to take our 3 asked us the question of the day, “What are you grateful for ”
I felt a familiar stir in my chest, and my eyes began to water. 4 pause, Heather 5 her hand out to me and said that it was great to be with me. I expressed my gratitude to be with her too, enjoying this moment of our shared 6 and her new start in Los Angeles. After a delicious lunch, I decided to stay a while longer as the question had inspired me to meet the co-owner, Ryland. Pauses or 7 in life are a very good time to listen to what’s 8 on inside of our hearts.
When Ryland came over to my table with his big smile, his title of Chief Inspiration Officer seemed very 9 for his personality. He gave me his 10 attention as he opened his heart to listen. I told him how I wanted to help him open more 11 so there could be more places to eat and help spread this 12 of “being generous and grateful every day”. Since that 13 , Café Gratitude has been my favorite place to eat.
What a rewarding and meaningful experience! And I’ve since learned that Café Gratitude practices business through what they call “Sacred Commerce” where they provide inspired service, and express 14 for the richness of our lives. A simple question that day 15 me down new paths and gave me new friendships.
1. A. attend B. accompany C. involve D. find
2. A. looking B. testing C. planning D. studying
3. A. space B. time C. order D. place
4. A. Without B. Despite C. In terms of D. Regardless of
5. A. reached B. shook C. clapped D. stuck
6. A. project B. seat C. honesty D. friendship
7. A. action B. delays C. hurries D. dreams
8. A. looking B. insisting C. going D. agreeing
9. A. suitable B. ready C. eager D. anxious
10. A. simple B. full C. urgent D. regular
11. A. hotels B. schools C. clubs D. restaurants
12. A. lesson B. note C. message D. lecture
13. A. meeting B. performance C. act D. vacation
14. A. explanation B. appreciation C. consideration D. application
15. A. surprised B. led C. returned D. held
参考答案
Ⅰ. 1. Every party needs a straight person. You’ll appear fun and funny by association (associate).
2.Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed (consume)in the US.
3.I was extremely inspired by the elegant (elegance)way the words sounded.
4.Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting (consist) of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers.
5. Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D. C. in a healthy way with minimum (minimize) effort.
Ⅱ. 1. Absorbed in watching the film, Jack didn’t notice me enter his room.
2. Not knowing what to do, he turned to his friend for help.
3. To make progress, he spends a lot of time reading books every day.
4. He doesn’t like to be made fun of.
5. Tom stared at the footprint, full of fear.
III.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了用一些植物、水果和鲜花装饰中国新年的寓意。
1. 【解析】celebration。考查名词。句意: 中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始的标志。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。
2. 【解析】carries。考查主谓一致。句意: 这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义。这是一个表语从句, 从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers, 所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。
3. 【解析】coming。考查非谓语动词。句意: 它们代表着大地的复苏和对新的开始的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent, 所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系, 所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。
4. 【解析】than。考查短语。句意: 橘树不仅仅是装饰品。more than不仅仅, 不只是。故填than。
5. 【解析】decorated。考查非谓语动词。句意: 它们是很好的礼物, 你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的Orange trees, 与decorate之间为被动关系, 所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
6. 【解析】Certainly。考查副词。句意: 当然在假期期间, 这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语作时间状语, 因此只有改变成副词才能符合句子结构, 用副词形式作状语。故填Certainly。
7. 【解析】with。考查短语。句意: 竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with与……相联系。故填with。
8. 【解析】to care。考查非谓语动词。句意: 它们很容易照顾, 也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。填to care。
9. 【解析】beautiful。考查形容词。句意: 美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾, 做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches, 用形容词形式。故填beautiful。
10. 【解析】the。考查冠词。句意: 雪还在融化时, 梅花是第一个开花的。序数词first前要加定冠词the。故填the。
IV. 阅读理解
A
1.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Instead, it is believed to cause a wide-scale elimination of jobs—mostly lower-paying jobs, but some higher-paying ones, too. ”可知, 与工业革命和计算机革命不同的是, 人工智能革命被认为会导致大规模的失业——大部分是低收入的工作, 但也有一些高收入的工作, 故D项正确。
2.【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据画线词前的内容可知, 部分答案将涉及在人工智能工具不擅长的任务中对人们进行教育或再培训, 人工智能不适合从事创造性、计划性和“跨领域”思维的工作。但这些技能通常是高薪工作所需要的, 而这些工作可能很难再培训失业工人, 因此此处是说更有希望的是薪水较低的工作, 包括A. I. 缺乏的“人际交往技能”: 社会工作者、酒吧招待、门卫——需要人际交往的职业, 由此可知画线词词义为“有希望的; 可能的”, 故D项正确。
3.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The solution to the problem of mass unemployment will involve ‘service jobs of love’. ”可知, 解决大规模失业问题的办法将涉及“爱的服务性工作”, 再结合本段最后一句“The volunteer service jobs of today, in other words, may turn into the real jobs of the future. ”可知, 换言之, 今天的志愿服务工作可能会变成未来真正的工作, 由此可知, 面对人工智能革命, 作者认为鼓励人们从事志愿工作是明智的, 故A项正确。
4.【解析】选B。主旨大意题。通读全文, 特别是根据第四段中的“We are thus facing two developments that do not sit easily together; enormous wealth concentrated in relatively few hands and enormous numbers of people out of work. What is to be done ”可知, 本文主要介绍了人工智能革命给就业市场带来的挑战以及应对办法, 故B项正确。
B
5.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中5G, the fifth generation of wireless, promises lightning-fast download speeds and could lay foundation for high-tech advancements like self-driving cars. 第五代无线网络5G承诺闪电般的下载速度, 并可能为自动驾驶汽车等高科技进步奠定基础。可知5G网络会更快、更便捷。故选B项。
6.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知, 伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校的电子与计算机工程助理教授拉夫·瓦尔什尼说, 这并不是人们第一次接触毫米波: 机场的人体扫描仪也使用毫米波。尽管如此, 这是第一次如此大规模地使用高频电波, 历史上人们对新技术的担忧也是屡见不鲜。因此, 对于毫米波对人类健康的影响其实还没有明确的证据, 很难说是否对身体有害。故选D项。
7.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据本段中Still, assurances from government agencies and industry operators are not enough for Chicago resident Judy Blake. . . She said, “People can’t choose whether or not to be exposed to this radiation. ”不过, 政府机构和行业运营商的保证对芝加哥居民朱迪·布莱克来说还不够。……她说, “人们不能选择是否暴露在这种辐射下。” 以及下文“我不需要再做一次检查。现在唯一的考验就是人们的生活。”67岁的布莱克说。可知, 布莱克所说的话是表达她的担忧和不安, 因此soothe应该是“使某人感到平静或不那么担心”。故选A项。
8.【解析】选C。主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句But like many new technologies, it’s causing concern about potential health issues. 但与许多新技术一样, 它引发了人们对潜在健康问题的担忧。以及最后一段中瓦尔什尼说: “当汽车刚开始取代马车的时候, 人们担心高速行驶会对健康造成什么影响。”“这种恐惧总是会发生。”可知, 本文是围绕5G是否对人类健康有影响的担忧展开的, 最佳标题应该是“5G的健康担忧”。故选C项。
V.【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。“我”应邀和朋友在一家“感恩餐馆”共进午餐, 期间服务员问我们“我们感激什么”时, “我”和“我”的朋友都认为那一刻彼此的陪伴让我们感激。这一简单的问题让“我”有了新的人生感悟……
1.【解析】选B。根据语境可知, “我”的朋友Heather博士邀请“我”陪她共进午餐。accompany意为“陪伴”, 故B项正确。
2.【解析】选D。根据空后的“delicious vegetarian menu”及常识可知, 我们坐下并细看菜单。studying意为“细看”, 故D项正确。
3.【解析】选C。根据该句中的“the server who came to take”及常识可推知, 服务员过来请我们点餐。order意为“点菜”, 故C项正确。
4.【解析】选A。根据语境可知, Heather毫无停顿向“我”伸出手, 说和“我”在一起感觉很好。without pause意为“毫无停顿”, 故A项正确。
5.【解析】选A。由“her hand out to me”可知, Heather向“我”伸出手, reach意为“伸, 伸手(以碰触或提起某物)”, 故A项正确。
6.【解析】选D。根据上文可知, 我们都表达了对彼此陪伴的感激; 再结合该句中的“shared”可推知, 我们享受着分享友谊的时刻。friendship意为“友谊”, 故D项正确。
7.【解析】选B。根据语境可知, 空处与“Pauses”相照应, 应为其同义词语, 故delays “延迟”符合语境, 故B项正确。
8.【解析】选C。根据语境可知, 生活中的暂停或延迟是倾听我们内心想法的一个很好的时机。go on意为“发生”, 为固定搭配, 符合语境, 故C项正确。
9.【解析】选A。根据语境可知, 他微笑着, 看起来他“首席灵感官”的头衔和他的个性很匹配。(be) suitable for为固定搭配, 意为“适合于……”, 故A项正确。
10.【解析】选B。根据从句“as he opened his heart to listen”可知, 他敞开心扉倾听, 全身心注意着“我”。full意为“完全的”, 故B项正确。
11.【解析】选D。根据空后的“more places to eat”可推知, “我”想要帮助他开更多的饭店, 这样的话就有更多的地方就餐并传播“每天要慷慨并感恩”的信息。restaurants意为“饭店”, 故D项正确。
12.【解析】选C。此处指开设更多的饭店来传播这样的信息。message “信息”符合语境。
13.【解析】选A。根据上文中的“meet the co-owner”并结合语境可知, 自从那次见面以来, “感恩餐馆”就成了“我”最喜爱去就餐的地方。meeting意为“会面”, 故A项正确。
14.【解析】选B。根据语境, 该餐馆的名字及其经营理念可知, 他们向我们生命的丰足表达了感激。appreciation意为“感激”, 故B项正确。
15.【解析】选B。根据语境可知, 那天的一个简单的问题, 引导“我”走上新的道路, 给了“我”新的友谊(关系)。led意为“引领”, 故B项正确。(共41张PPT)
选择性必修二 Unit 3 Food and Culture
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. minimum adj. 最低(限度)的; 最小的 n. 最小值; 最少量
【教材原句】
At a minimum, the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region, what kinds of lives they lead, and what they like and do not like. (P27)当地人食用的食物种类至少可以告诉我们在他们地区种植什么, 他们过什么样的生活以及他们喜欢什么不喜欢什么。
【词块必记】
(1)a minimum charge/price 最低收费/最低价格
(2)keep sth. to a minimum 保持某物在最低限度
(3) a minimum of 最少
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①The work was done with the _________ (minimize) amount of effort.
②Good hygiene can help ________ (minimum) the risk of infection.
【典句赏析】
To make progress in your English, you’d better spend a minimum of 30
minutes reading every day.
为了在英语上取得进步, 你最好每天花至少30分钟阅读。
minimum
minimize
2. trick n. 诡计; 花招; 技巧; 诀窍 vt. 欺骗
【教材原句】
There is no one trick to healthy eating. (P32)
健康饮食没有诀窍。
【词块必记】
play a trick on/ play tricks on 戏弄
trick or treat 不给糖就捣乱(万圣节讨糖用语)
have a trick up your sleeve 自有锦囊妙计
trick sb. into doing sth. 骗某人做某事
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①The kids always play _____ (trick) on their teacher, thus making the teacher
annoyed.
②We ___________(trick) into buying a poor car, which made me very upset.
【典句赏析】
Patience is the trick of doing this job well.
耐心是做好这份工作的诀窍。
tricks
were tricked
3. exceptional adj. 杰出的; 卓越的; 特别的; 罕见的
【典型例句】
At the age of five, he showed exceptional talent as a musician.
他五岁的时候就表现出非凡的音乐才能。
【词块必记】
(1)exception n. 例外
(2)except prep. 除……以外
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①This deadline will be extended only in __________ (exception) circumstances.
② I don’t usually lend people money, but in your case, I’ll make an _________
(except).
【典句赏析】 She was possessed of exceptional powers of concentration.
她有高超的专注能力。
exceptional
exception
Ⅱ. 核心短语
4. cut down 削减; 砍倒; 缩短某物
【典型例句】 With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are being washed away.
随着越来越多的森林被砍伐, 大量的土壤正在被冲走。
【词块必记】
cut in 插话
cut up 切碎; 齐根切掉
cut out 删除
cut through 开辟
cut off 切断; 中止; 隔绝
【知识微练】 用cut相关短语填空
①My uncle hasn’t been able to quit smoking, but at least he has ________.
②The water supply has been ______temporarily because the workers are
repairing one of the main pipes.
③It is impolite for children to _____when their seniors are talking.
④______the carrots before you put them into the pot.
cut down
cut off
cut in
Cut up
Ⅲ. 经典句式
5. Besides this, it is also important to have some meat, beans, or dairy products in your diet, as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth.
除此以外, 饮食结构中有肉类, 豆类和奶制品也很重要, 因为它们可以为坚硬的骨头和肌肉成长提供必要的蛋白质。
【句型公式】
as作连词可引导原因状语从句, 时间状语从句, 让步状语从句和方式状语从句。
As you are in poor health, you shouldn’t stay up late. (表原因)
As the sun rose, the fog disappeared. (表时间)
Always do to others as you would be done by. (表方式)
Child as he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. (表让步)
【知识微练】
完成句子
①__________________________, he heard a girl singing.
当他在公园散步时, 他听到了一个女孩在唱歌。
②_________________, he made little progress.
尽管他工作很努力但他几乎没有取得进步。
③______________, you can’t finish the book so soon.
尽管你读得很快, 但你不可能这么快读完这本书。
As he was walking in the park
Hard as he worked
Fast as you read
【补充要点】
1. consume vt. 消耗; 耗费; 吃; 喝; 饮
【典型例句】
The electricity industry consumes large amounts of fossil fuels every year.
每年电力工业消耗大量的化石燃料。
【知识拓展】
(1)be consumed with 使充满(强烈的感情)
(2)consumer n. 消费者; 顾客
(3)consumption n. 消耗
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①For the past three hours, he ____________(consume) two bottles of alcohol.
②It was reported that the meat was unfit for human ____________(consume).
【典句赏析】
He was consumed with guilt and tears rolled down his cheeks.
他深感内疚泪水从脸颊流下。
has consumed
consumption
2. temper n. 脾气; 心情; 情绪
【典型例句】
Maybe those who like spicy food tend to have a hot temper.
也许喜欢吃辣的那些人可能会脾气火爆。
【词块必记】
(1)lose one’s temper 发脾气
(2)in a good/bad temper 心情好/不好
(3)good-tempered/ bad-tempered 脾气好的/差的
【知识微练】 完成句子
①She struggled not to ______________when the kids misbehaved.
孩子们淘气时, 她努力不发火。
②He is such _____________________that we all like him.
他是一个脾气很好的人, 我们都很喜欢他。
lose her temper
a good-tempered person
【典句赏析】
Seeing this situation, his father lost his temper.
看到这种情形, 他父亲发了脾气。
3. association n. 协会; 社团; 联系; 关联
【典型例句】
They have maintained a close association with a college in America.
他们和美国的一所学院保持了密切的联系。
【词块必记】
(1)in association with 与……联合
(2)associate sb. with sth. 把某人与某事联系在一起
(3)associate with sb. 与某人交往
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①The book was published in __________ (associate) with English Heritage.
②He is closely _________ (associate) in the public with horror movies.
association
associated
【典句赏析】
Health is frequently thought to be associated with a balanced diet and plenty of exercise.
人们常把健康和均衡的饮食和大量的锻炼联系起来。
4. quantity n. 数量
【典型例句】
The change of quantity causes the change of quality.
量变引起质变。
【词块必记】
(1)a quantity of/quantities of 大量
(2)in quantity 大量地
(3)quality n. 质量
【知识拓展】 表“大量”的词组
a great many/ a number of +[可数名词]
a great deal of / a large amount of +[不可数名词]
a lot of/ lots of/ a quantity of/ quantities of +[可数名词/不可数名词]
【知识微练】
单句语法填空
①This product is cheap to produce in large _________ (quantity).
完成句子
②Before the exam, I spent ________________time preparing for it. Otherwise,
I wouldn’t have succeeded in passing the exam. 在考试前我花了大量的时间准
备。否则我是不会通过考试的。
③As far as I’m concerned, ________________________________really counts.
就我个人而言, 重要的是质量而不是数量。
quantities
a large quantity of
it is quality rather than quantity that
5. Tired, hungry and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order.
又累又饿而且一句汉语也不会, 我们根本不知道怎么点餐。
【句型公式】用形容词作状语表示当时的状态。
He got married very young.
他很年轻就结婚了。
The dog fell down dead.
那只狗倒下死了。
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①After a long day of work, he went home, _________ (exhaust).
完成句子
②He went to bed _______________. 他又冷又饿地上床睡觉了。
exhausted
cold and hungry
IV.话题写作
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The Mesmerizing Canyon(峡谷)
I woke up in the harsh, damp weather of the shining Grand Canyon. My ears rang from the screeching of the group leader yelling to get up. I got up as fast as I could, hoping I was going to do something fun today. I heard the apprentice yelling for people to get on the boat. As I was still trying to wake up, I smelled the fresh air just like the roses in my aunt’s garden. The group leader made us all get on the raft and then we immediately left.
When we arrived at our destination, it turned out that they both were just playing a trick on us and wanted to surprise us with a beautiful glistening waterfall. We were all very glad as we saw the waterfall. We all wanted to go up to it and walk in it. We were required to climb up big rocks and hike little distances in order to get to the waterfall, but it was really worth it.
We left the waterfall and set up a camp near it. My grandma handed me a tent and said, “You do it yourself, and I want you to learn some things. ”
I took 30 minutes to set up the tent and tried to make it perfectly symmetrical(对称的). However, when my grandma and I were about to get in it, it fell over. We sighed and my grandma walked over to the other family’s tent and sat down perfectly stationary. So I knew I had to do it over again, and I took about 5 minutes to set up the tent with my previous knowledge. I also added some sticks to the top of the tent for some decoration. As the tent swayed, I was required to put some weight on the edges of the tent. So I put two rocks on each side of the tent. My grandma walked over and was very impressed. That really inspired me to keep learning new things.
When my grandma and I woke up, there was already breakfast waiting for us. There was a mixed variety of different foods on the table, such as bacon, beef jerky, eggs and sausages.
注意: 续写词数应为150左右。
After we ate breakfast, we got on the boat where we floated down the river.
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
The night fell on us. ______________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Step 1 写作技巧
1. 通读全文, 知悉前文要领
(1)体裁: 记叙文
(2)前文线索: 我们去大峡谷游玩。第二天一早, 领队带着我们去看大瀑布。离开瀑布后, 我们在附近搭起了帐篷, 但第一次搭的帐篷倒了, 第二次才成功, 此次经历激励着我去学习新的东西。又一次我们醒来, 吃一顿丰盛的早餐。……
2. 研段首句, 合理设计情节
Paragraph 1: 根据段首句After we ate breakfast, we got on the boat where we floated down the river. (早饭后, 我们登上了顺流而下的船。)可知, 此时, 我们要在峡谷内顺流而下, 再结合上文信息及关键词waterfall和leader可联想当时的情景是: 我们要在领队的带领下, 在激流中观看壮观的瀑布及乘船顺流而下人们的表现, 例如: 激动兴奋等。
Paragraph 2: 根据段首句The night fell on us. (夜幕降临了。)可知, 此时天色已黑, 再结合上文搭建帐篷的情节可联想, 此时天色已晚, 我们需要露营过夜。此段可重点写此次搭建帐篷, 我已轻车熟路, 很快搭好了帐篷。
3. 斟词酌句, 细节描写
①所有的人都很兴奋, 并为在峡谷中的旅行做好了准备。
All people ___________and prepared for the journey in the canyon.
②它们是所有人见过的最大的海浪。
They were _______________everybody had ever seen.
were excited
the biggest waves
Step 2 妙笔成篇
After we ate breakfast, we got on the boat where we floated down the river. “Today we are going to hit the biggest rapids and see the incredible waterfalls, ” called out the group leader. It was up to him to lead us there. All people were excited and prepared for the journey in the canyon. Five minutes later, huge crashing waves appealed to us all. They were the biggest waves everybody had ever seen. As we entered the rapids, everybody was thrown around but luckily our boat was not upside down and nobody was thrown off the boat. After the rapids were over, everybody was wet and excited widely.
The night fell on us. We set up a camp near the exit of the canyon. This time it took only five minutes for me to put up the steady camp, after I put two rocks on each side of the tent. What I did caught my grandma’s eye. Putting up the tent by myself in such a short time impressed her very much. She was glad that I learned new things in the camping at last. From this experience I understood, just as the saying goes, “Nothing is difficult in the world if you put your heart into it”.选择性必修第二册Unit 3综合能力检测
第一部分 听力 (共两节, 满分30分)（略）
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Our guide was excellent! He walked us through all the local villages and took extra time at the end to enjoy a local dinner. He stayed with us longer than he was obliged(必要)to and made this a fantastic experience.
Tour snapshot
Travel is all about the street food these days, and why not It’s fresh, fast, cheap and a great way to crack into the local scene. Join this Hanoi tour to source the best street eats from markets, food carts, street cafés and other hard-to-find-but-totally-worth-the-effort secret spots.
Highlights
Sample delicious Vietnamese cuisine just like the locals do—on the street.
Stroll through hidden alleyways and bustling markets of Hanoi’s charming old quarter.
Learn more about Hanoi’s unique food culture.
Try local specialties with influences from French and Chinese cuisine.
Take in a spectacular night view of Hoan Kiem lake from a secret café.
Schedule details
Duration: 2. 5 hours
Meeting point: Sacombank ATM Machine—No. 1 Dong Xuan street (front entrance of Dong Xuan Market, Corner of Dong Xuan St. with Cau Dong St. )
Starting time: 5: 00 PM
Ending point: Café Pho Co-11 Hang Gai St. , Hoan Kiem
21. What did the guide do
A. He showed visitors around by car.
B. He took many photos of visitors.
C. He stayed with visitors for extra time.
D. He enjoyed breakfast with visitors.
22. What does the underlined word “snapshot” mean in the passage
A. A photograph taken quickly and casually.
B. A brief impression of something.
C. An attempt to score in a game.
D. An act of firing a gun.
23. We can infer from the passage that the ending time of the tour is .
A. 5: 00 PM B. 5: 30 PM
C. 7: 05 PM D. 7: 30 PM
B
A British friend told me he couldn’t understand why Chinese people love eating sunflower seeds as a snack so much. “I’ve met a lot of older Chinese and many have a crack in their front teeth, I believe that’s from cracking the seeds, ” he said.
I had never noticed the habit, but once he mentioned it, I suddenly became more aware. I realized that whenever I’m watching TV or typing a report, I always start mindlessly cracking sunflower seeds. My friend doesn’t like sunflower seeds, and, to him, it seems unnecessary to work so much just to get one small seed.
When we were young, the whole family would usually get together for Chinese New Year. Then, we all lived close to one another, usually in a small city, and sometimes even neighbors would go door-to-door on Chinese New Year’s Eve to check out what every household was making.
I remember my parents would be in the kitchen cooking. Out in the living room, a large table would already be laid out, complete with fancy tablecloth, ready-made dumpling fillings, and dishes full of candy, fruits and sunflower seeds. Some of the dishes were to be offered to our ancestors later, while others were for neighbors and children to eat before the evening feast. I must have learned how to crack sunflower seeds back then.
I don’t think it’s right to criticize one’s choice in food or eating habits, no matter how strange they may seem.
It’s not only in China. When I went abroad, I found people had all sorts of strange habits when it came to food. In Denmark, they put salted red fish on bread and eat it for dinner, no matter how much it ruins your breath. They think it’s a delicacy(美味佳肴), and it’s connected to their certain culture. I think it’s a wonderful tradition.
24. Why can not the British friend understand when he found Chinese love eating sunflower seeds
A. Because the seeds are too hard to crack.
B. Because he thinks they are harmful to teeth.
C. Because he doesn’t think the seeds are good.
D. Because he doesn’t think the seeds are worth eating.
25. What does the writer prove by mentioning Chinese New Year
A. The families get together for it.
B. Eating sunflower seeds is related to it.
C. The traditions of celebrating it disappear.
D. Children can eat delicious food on that day.
26. What’s the writer’s attitude to Denmark’s way of eating bread
A. Indifferent. B. Critical.
C. Understandable. D. Doubtful.
27. What idea does the writer want to express in this passage
A. It is good to form healthy eating habits.
B. Eating habits come from a certain culture.
C. Changing your eating habits will change your life.
D. One kind of food doesn’t necessarily suit everyone.
C
In the first days after a team of 25 delivery robots landed on George Mason University’s campus in January, they appeared to cause curious glances and many photos but not much else.
It was clear, officials said, that more time and more data would be necessary to understand whether the robots would change the campus culture or become forgettable. Two months later, an extra 1, 500 breakfast orders have been delivered autonomously, according to the technologists of Sodexo, a company that manages food service for GMU and works closely with the robots.
Research has shown that up to 88 percent of college students skip breakfast, primarily because of lack of time, but that number is starting to turn around when delivery robots arrive on campus. They’re constantly seen making the 15-minute trip from campus restaurant to a handful of nearby dorms, as well as to other buildings across campus, where students meet them. Two months later, breakfast has replaced dinner as the go-to meal for robot delivery.
Sodexo officials have noted that college students are main users of food delivery apps and place a high value on convenience and multiple options when they dine. During the morning hours, restaurant experts say, there is generally more emphasis(强调)on speed than any other part of the day. Combine college students’ love of food delivery with messy morning routines, and perhaps they have a perfect recipe for robots to deliver in the campus.
The robots also provide campus officials with valuable data showing how meal plans are being used, which could lead to changes in how the university serves students over time. Sodexo technologists also announced Monday that a new team of more than 30 robots is launching at Northern Arizona University.
28. Why don’t most college students have breakfast according to the research
A. They are on diets.
B. They have a tight schedule.
C. The food doesn’t agree with them.
D. GMU doesn’t offer delivery services.
29. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A. College students. B. Campus officials.
C. College professors. D. Restaurant managers.
30. What do we know about the first 25 delivery robots
A. They make timely deliveries.
B. They were ignored at first.
C. They mainly carry dinner at present.
D. They have changed the whole campus culture.
31. What’s the best title for the text
A. Delivery services grow fast in college.
B. Breakfast in necessary for college students.
C. Robots help with GMU’s campus management.
D. Delivery robots are changing students’ eating habits.
D
It’s 3 o’clock and you’ve been hard at work. As you sit at your desk, a strong desire for chocolate overcomes you. You try to busy yourself to make it go away. But it doesn’t. Here is another situation. Perhaps you are not feeling well. The only thing you want to eat is a big bowl of chicken soup, like your mom used to make when you were sick as a child. Food cravings are a strong desire for a specific type of food. And they are normal.
Scientists at the website How Stuff Works compare hunger and cravings this way. Hunger is a fairly simple connection between the stomach and the brain. They even call it simply “stomach hunger”. When our stomachs burn up all of the food we have eaten, a hormone (荷尔蒙) sends a message to one part of the brain for more food, which controls our most basic body functions such as thirst, hunger and sleep. The brain then produces a chemical to start the appetite (食欲) and you eat. Hunger is a function of survival.
A craving is more complex. It activates (刺激) brain areas related to emotion, memory and reward. These are the same areas of the brain activated during drug-craving studies. Because of this, some scientists call food cravings “mind hunger. ” People often crave foods that are high in fat and sugar. Foods that are high in fat or high in sugar produce chemicals in the brain. These chemicals give us feelings of pleasure.
In a 2007 study, researchers at Cambridge University found that “dieting or controlled eating generally increases the possibility of food craving. ” So, the more you refuse yourself a food that you want, the more you may crave it. However, fasting is a bit different. They found that eating no food at all for a short period of time reduced food cravings.
So, the next time you crave something very special, know that it’s the fault of your brain, instead of your stomach.
32. The author describes two situations in the first paragraph to .
A. deepen the understanding of hunger
B. report the discovery of craving study
C. introduce the topic of the whole passage
D. remind readers of their own special food
33. What do we learn about food craving
A. It shows food is connected with emotion.
B. It makes sure that a person survives hunger.
C. It means the stomach functions well.
D. It proves the brain decides your appetite.
34. What’s the likely result of dieting
A. The drop of chemicals.
B. The increase of food desire.
C. The refusal of fat and sugar.
D. The disappearance of appetite.
35. In which part of a newspaper can you see this passage
A. Education. B. Entertainment.
C. Science. D. Economy.
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Chopsticks Taboos: Unholy Ways to Pick Up Your Food
The use of chopsticks to pick food up from the plate will earn you several complements from Chinese people. But over time, once in a while your close friends might remind you about some basic chopsticks etiquette(礼节) such as never insert chopsticks vertically(垂直地) into a bowl of rice. 36 , here are several rules to keep in mind.
Do not use chopsticks of different lengths. This will remind people of a Chinese idiom “three long and two short”, 37 , because a coffin without a lid is composed of five boards, three long, and two short.
Don’t use chopsticks to poke at each dish without knowing what you want or only one chopstick to fetch the food in the plate.
38 . Chinese people believe that their ancestors are resting underneath the earth, and dropping chopsticks would disturb them.
Don’t make noise with chopsticks by hitting the side of your bowl, 39 .
While passing someone a bowl of rice or noodles, never insert the chopsticks vertically in the middle of the food for convenience. 40 .
A. Do not drop your chopstick on the floor
B. which is used as another name for coffin
C. because only beggars do that to get attention
D. If you want to master the art of using this old tool
E. In Chinese culture, the sign of crossing is negative
F. Do not drop food and liquid from your chopsticks to the table
G. The action would remind people of burning certain sticks in the pot in memory of the dead
第三部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I left my junior year confused, slightly out of touch with reality. Along with it, I had no clear idea of how to 41 my life. Due to this 42 , I made the decision to 43 the Georgetown Medical Institute, which is a seven-day 44 that aimed to teach high school students about the medical field. Being 45 the ability to learn and have exposure to something like this was really important for 46 from my state of confusion.
The seven-day course was fairly meaningful to my 47 . I had been 48 a career in the medical field since I entered high school. 49 , I didn’t know what medical profession would actually be like. Attending this institute placed me in an environment completely 50 from anything I had ever experienced. I was so 51 for all the information these people were willing to give. I was afraid to take my 52 off anyone. Everything was a 53 experience. Through this experience, however, I 54 that medical field was not what I wanted. I wanted to 55 at school. I wanted to share knowledge with students and participate in their complete communication. I wanted to be able to get more friends too.
41. A. make B. experience C. change D. predict
42. A. duty B. confusion C. preparation D. direction
43. A. search B. design C. pass D. attend
44. A. course B. play C. race D. camp
45. A. denied B. hided C. reduced D. offered
46. A. moving forward B. looking around C. coming along D. building up
47. A. study B. family C. career D. health
48. A. working B. interviewing C. considering D. advertising
49. A. Therefore B. However C. Finally D. Instead
50. A. separate B. safe C. suffer D. absent
51. A. sad B. grateful C. anxious D. responsible
52. A. ears B. legs C. hands D. eyes
53. A. training B. learning C. observing D. exchanging
54. A. remembered B. explained C. realized D. informed
55. A. teach B. cure C. record D. write
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As a country that pays great attention to good manners, the food culture is 56. ____________(deep) rooted in China’s history. As a visitor or guest in 57._______________ a Chinese home or restaurant, you will find that table manners are essential in our daily life!
It is really an 58. _____________(admire) custom to respect others at table, the aged, teachers and guests 59.____________(include) while taking good care of children. Meanwhile, 60. _____________practice of presenting the best or fine food first to the senior members of the family has been observed for countless 61. ___________(generation).
When hosts place dishes on the table, they will arrange the main courses at the center with the supporting dishes evenly placed around 62. ___________ When the main dishes 63. _____________(prepare) in a decorative form either by cut or other means, they will be placed 64.___________(face) the major guests and elder people at the table, 65._____________also represents virtue(美德).
第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假如你是李华, 你的新西兰笔友Pal想学做一道中国传统美食, 参加学校即将举办的美食节(Food Fair)。请你就此回复一封邮件, 内容包括名称及做法等。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A. J. shut the door of the truck. “Ready, ” he said. His dad started the truck. It was six o’clock and freezing, but the strong morning sun promised warmer temperatures. It had been colder than normal over the past week, and the ground and ponds were already frozen.
“After we check on the cows, ” Dad said, “you should have some time to practice roping cattle. ” A. J. wanted to enter the rodeos (牛仔竞技表演) in which cowboys rode wild horses, and caught cattle with ropes.
The best professionals could break from the gate on horseback, rope a calf (小牛), and hog-tie (捆绑) the calf in less than ten seconds. So far, A. J. needed nearly a minute and a half, but he’d only been at it for a few months.
The truck bounced down the dirt road. In a few minutes, they passed through the field gate.
A. J. pulled a pair of telescopes. The black spots of cows on the far hill took shape. The cows gathered around the pond. A. J. guessed they wanted the water locked under the ice. Suddenly, they heard extremely frightened shouts from one cow. Dad stopped the truck, and he and A. J. stared at the frozen pond anxiously.
A calf lay on the ice in the middle of the pond. A cow, no doubt the calf’s mother, stood onshore, shouting desperately. The calf struggled to get up but slipped and fell each time.
The morning sun seemed warmer. Too warmer. A. J. knew that the situation was urgent. If the calf lay there too long, she could fall through the ice and drown. Dad eased the truck down the hill and stopped at the edge of the pond. “No telling how long she’s been there, ” he said. “The ice could be about to melt. I don’t think we can risk it. ” Dad shook his head, “It’s just not safe. ”
注意: 续写词数应为 150 左右。
A. J. watched the calf, whose eyes were wide with fear.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It would be just like rodeo practice, A. J. thought, trying to stay calm.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
第一部分 听力 (共两节, 满分30分)（略）
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章讲述了我们在优秀导游的陪同下经历的一次美食之旅, 享受了当地不同风格的食品, 欣赏了壮观的美丽夜景。
21. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第一段的内容(他带我们走遍了当地所有的村庄, 最后还花了些时间享受当地的晚餐。他和我们在一起的时间比他被要求的要长, 这是一次奇妙的经历。), 可知导游多待了一段时间来陪游客。故选C。
22. 【解析】选B。词义猜测题。由第二段(这几天的旅游都是街头小吃, 何乐而不为呢 它新鲜、快捷、便宜, 是一个很好的切入当地风景的方式。加入这次河内之旅, 从市场、食品车、街头咖啡馆和其他难以找到但完全值得努力的秘密地点寻找最佳街头美食。)可知, 这几天的旅游都是关于街头食品的, 它是一种新鲜、快速、廉价的进入当地生活的方式, 所以这段是指旅游的大体印象, snapshot在此处意为“对某事的简短印象”。故选B。
23. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。由Schedule details部分, “Duration: 2. 5 hours”(持续时间: 2. 5小时)和“Starting time: 5: 00 PM”(开始时间: 下午5: 00), 可知下午5点开始, 持续2. 5个小时, 所以结束的时间是晚上7: 30。故选D。
B
【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文, 用中国人喜欢嗑瓜子和丹麦人喜欢吃面包配咸红鱼来证明饮食习惯来自特定的文化。
24. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句(我的朋友不喜欢葵花籽, 对他来说, 似乎没有必要为了得到一颗小种子而付出那么多的努力。)可知, 作者的外国朋友认为葵花籽不值得吃, 所以当这位英国朋友发现中国人喜欢吃葵花籽时, 他并不理解。故选D。
25. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知, 春节的时候桌子上会摆放很多美食, 其中就有瓜子, 小孩在可以在年夜饭前吃, 作者就是在那时学会了嗑瓜子。由此可知, 作者提到春节是为了证明嗑瓜子和春节有关, 故选B。
26. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章最后一句话可知, 作者认为丹麦人吃面包配咸红鱼是一个很好的传统, 由此可知, 作者可以理解这种吃法, 故选C。
27. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的倒数第二句可知, 丹麦人认为这样吃面包是美味的, 这和他们的特定的文化有关, 正如作者喜欢嗑瓜子和春节文化有关, 由此可知, 作者想在这篇文章中表达的观点是, 饮食习惯来自特定的文化, 故选B。
C
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。25个送餐机器人进驻乔治梅森大学后, 为很多大学生提供送早餐服务, 改变了他们因为忙碌而不吃早餐的习惯, 给他们紧张的生活带来了很多便利。
28. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。由第三段第一句(研究表明, 多达88%的大学生不吃早餐, 主要是因为时间不够)可知, 大部分大学生不吃早餐是因为他们很忙, 时间很紧张, 故选B。
29. 【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据第四段内容(索迪斯官员指出, 大学生是外卖应用程序的主要用户, 他们非常看重就餐时的便利性和选择的多样性。)以及“Combine college students’. . . campus(把大学生们对外卖的热爱与他们忙乱的晨间生活结合起来, 或许他们有一个让机器人在校园里送餐的秘诀。)”可知, 虽然早晨的时间很紧张, 但是有很多学生喜欢机器人送餐的方便快捷性, 因此推断出, 第四段中“they”, 指的是大学生, 故选A。
30. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中的内容(研究表明, 多达88%的大学生不吃早餐, 主要是因为时间不够, 但这一数字在送货机器人到达后开始好转。人们经常看到它穿梭在校园餐厅与附近的几个宿舍和其他建筑之间, 完成它长达15分钟的送餐旅途。)”可知, 25个送货机器人服务非常快, 故选A。
31. 【解析】选D。标题归纳题。由第三段的内容可知, 送餐机器人到达学校两个月后, 学生们不吃早餐的现象获得了很大的改善, 早餐成了必备餐。可见, 大学生的吃饭习惯得到了改变。故选D。
D
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了饮食冲动的调查结果。食物与情感有关系, 节食的结果会导致食物欲望的增加。
32. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知, 第一段是为了引入整篇文章的话题。故选C。
33. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第三段一、二句可知, 对食物的渴望是复杂的, 它刺激与情感、记忆和奖赏有关的大脑区域。因此可知食物与情感有关系。故选A。
34. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知, 在2007年的一项研究中, 剑桥大学的研究人员发现“节食或限制饮食通常会增加对食物渴望的可能性”。故选B。
35. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知, 所以, 下次你想吃什么特别的东西时, 要知道你的大脑比你的胃更应该受到责备。以及本文主要谈论饮食冲动的调查结果。由此可知, 本篇文章可能会出现在报纸的科学版块。故选C。
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了想要了解筷子这个古老用具的艺术, 就要了解使用它的一些禁忌问题。
36. 【解析】选D。根据前文内容(你亲密的朋友可能会不时提醒你一些基本的筷子礼仪, 如永远不要把筷子垂直插入一碗米饭。)可知, D选项中的this old tool指的是前文的chopsticks, 再根据句子结构可知, 此处一定是一个从句, 空格后是主句: 牢记以下使用筷子的规则。下文主要介绍了使用筷子的一些禁忌, D项承接下文, 故选D。
37. 【解析】选B。根据下文可知因为没有盖子的棺材是由五块板组成的, 由此得出B选项中的coffin和下文相呼应, 故选B。
38. 【解析】选A。根据下文内容(中国人相信他们的祖先在地下休息, 掉筷子会打扰他们。)可知 , A选项能作为主旨句来概括本段内容, 故选A。
39. 【解析】选C。根据上文内容(不要用筷子敲击碗的侧面发出声音)可知, 该句是主句部分, C选项是从句部分, 另外C选项是用来解释其原因的, 故选C。
40. 【解析】选G。根据上文内容(当递给别人一碗米饭或面条时, 不要为了方便而把筷子垂直插在食物中间。)可知, G选项中的the action指“把筷子垂直插在食物中间”这个动作, 且语义能承接上文, 故选G。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过参加乔治敦医学院的课程找到了自己的发展方向和人生目标的故事。
41. 【解析】选C。句意: 同时, 我也不清楚如何改变我的生活。由上文内容和“Along with it”可知, 作者初中时很困惑, 不现实, 说明作者没有明确的人生目标, 而伴随困惑而来的是, 作者也不清楚如何改变自己的生活。故选C。
42.【解析】选B。句意: 由于这种困惑, 我决定去参加一个为期七天的乔治敦医学院的课程, 这门课程旨在向高中生传授医学领域的知识。由上文以及下文的“my state of confusion”可知, 作者对自己的人生感到困惑。故选B。
43. 【解析】选D。由下一句可知, 作者参加了乔治敦医学院课程, 这个课程让作者从困惑中走了出来。故选D。
44. 【解析】选A。由下文可知, 这种东西旨在向高中生传授医学领域的知识, 说明这是一门课程。故选A。
45. 【解析】选D。句意: 被提供学习和接触这样的东西的能力对我从困惑状态中前进真的很重要。由上文“which is a seven-day ”和空后内容可知, 这门七天课程提供给作者学习医学的能力。故选D。
46. 【解析】选A。句意: 被提供学习和接触这样的东西的能力对我从困惑状态中前进真的很重要。由下文语境可知, 作者从困惑中走了出来, 有了确切的人生目标, 说明这门七天课程让作者在困惑中前进。故选A。
47. 【解析】选C。句意: 七天的课程对我的职业生涯相当有意义。由下文可知, 作者从高中以来, 一直在考虑在医学领域谋一份事业, 说明七天的课程对作者的职业生涯有很大影响。故选C。
48.【解析】选C。句意: 从我进入高中以来, 我一直在考虑在医学领域谋一份事业。由下文可知, 作者不知道真正的医学行业是怎样的, 说明作者对医学行业概念还不清晰, 因此一直在考虑中。故选C。
49. 【解析】选B。句意: 然而, 我不知道真正的医学行业是怎样的。由上下文语境可知, 作者一直在考虑在医学领域谋一份事业, 然而作者并不知道真正的医学行业是怎样的, 二者是转折关系, 应用However。故选B。
50. 【解析】选A。乔治敦医学院的课程提供给作者学习医学领域知识的能力, 而这是作者在以前人生经历中很少接触、难以学到的, 说明这门课程完全不同于作者以前所处的环境。separate from与……分开。故选A。
51. 【解析】选B。由上文的“The seven-day course was fairly meaningful to my ”和下文内容可知, 七天的课程对作者的职业生涯相当有意义, 因此作者感激那些给予所有信息(知识)的人。故选B。
52. 【解析】选D。由上文语境可知, 七天的课程让作者从困惑中走出来, 对作者的职业生涯相当有意义, 作者感激那些给予所有知识的人, 说明作者很重视这次学习, 不舍得把视线从任何教授医学知识的人的身上移开, 以免错过学习医学知识的机会。故选D。
53. 【解析】选B。句意: 一切都是一次学习的经历。由上文语境可知, 作者很重视这次学习, 不敢把视线从任何教授医学知识的人的身上移开, 以免错过学习医学知识的机会, 因此作者认为所接触的每一个事物都是学习的经历。故选B。
54. 【解析】选C。句意: 然而, 通过这次经历, 我意识到医学领域并不是我想要的。由下文可知, 作者想与学生分享知识, 参与他们的全面交流, 说明作者想当教师, 意识到医学领域并不是自己想要的。故选C。
55. 【解析】选A。句意: 我想在学校教书。由下文可知, 作者想与学生分享知识, 参与他们的全面交流, 说明作者想当教师。故选A。
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了中国的一些餐桌礼仪。
56. 【解析】deeply。考查副词。句意: 作为一个注重礼仪的国家, 饮食文化深深植根于中国的历史。修饰动词rooted用副词, deep和deeply都可作副词, 但前者表示空间的深度, 而后者常常带有感彩, 根据语境可知此处应该用后者, 故填deeply。
57. 【解析】either。考查固定搭配。句意: 作为一个家庭访客或在餐馆用餐的顾客, 你会发现餐桌礼仪在我们的日常生活中是必不可少的。根据空后的“a Chinese home or restaurant”可知此处使用either. . . or. . . 这一搭配, 表示“或者……或者……”, 故填either。
58. 【解析】admirable。考查形容词。句意: 在餐桌上尊重他人, 包括老人、老师和客人, 同时照顾好孩子, 这是一种很好的习俗。修饰名词custom用形容词, 表示“令人钦佩的, 极好的”, 故填admirable。
59. 【解析】included。考查独立主格。句意: 在餐桌上尊重他人, 包括老人、老师和客人, 同时照顾好孩子, 这是一种很好的习俗。分析句子结构可知此处为“n. /pron. ”形式的独立主格结构, 表示“……也包括在内”, 这一结构可当作固定用法来记忆, 故填included。
60. 【解析】the。考查冠词。句意: 与此同时, 先把最好的或精美的食物给年长的家庭成员的做法已经流传了好多代。根据空后内容可知此处特指“先把最好的或精美的食物给家里的年长成员的这种做法”, 需要用定冠词修饰, 故填the。
61. 【解析】generations。考查名词的数。句意: 与此同时, 先把最好的或精美的食物给年长的家庭成员的做法已经流传了好多代。表示“一代人”时, generation是可数名词, countless修饰可数名词复数, 故填generations。
62. 【解析】them。考查代词。句意: 当主人在餐桌上摆菜时, 他们会将主菜摆放在中央, 辅菜均匀地摆放在它们周围。根据“main courses”可知此处表示“它们”, 作介词around的宾语用宾格形式, 故填them。
63. 【解析】are prepared。考查时态和语态。句意: 当主菜被切成装饰性的形状或以其他方式准备好后, 就会摆在主要客人和年长的人面前, 这也代表了美德。陈述的是客观事实, 主语main dishes与prepare之间是被动关系, 所以用一般现在时的被动语态, 且主语为复数, 故谓语动词用复数, 故填are prepared。
64. 【解析】facing。考查非谓语动词。句意: 当主菜被切成装饰性的形状或以其他方式准备好后, 就会摆在主要客人和年长的人面前, 这也代表了美德。分析句子结构可知, 句子的谓语是will be placed, 因此此处为非谓语动词, they与face之间是逻辑上的主谓关系, 表示主动, 用现在分词作状语, 故填facing。
65. 【解析】which。考查非限制性定语从句。句意: 当主菜被切成装饰性的形状或以其他方式准备好后, 就会摆在主要客人和年长的人面前, 这也代表了美德。此处为非限制性定语从句, 关系词指代前面整个主句内容并在从句中作主语, 故填which。
第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
【参考范文】
Dear Pal,
Glad to know that you’ll participate in your school’s Food Fair.
Do you think zongzi, one of Chinese traditional food is a good choice It’s easy to make! First, soak rice in water for 12 hours or so. Fold the boiled bamboo leaves and put rice in, with other ingredients such as meat, dates and yolks in the center. Wrap the fillings up into a pyramid shape. Tie it with thread. Finally, immerse them in water and boil 2 hours. The smell will make your mouth water.
Hope you’ll make it!
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
【参考范文】
A. J. watched the calf, whose eyes were wide with fear. Though frightened, the calf gathered all her strength to get up but slipped over and over again. Seeing the danger, the mother cow let out shouts with horror and cast helpless glances at A. J. and his dad as if begging them for help. An atmosphere of sadness blanketing the whole world, every nerve in A. J. ‘s body screamed at him that he must save the poor calf. All of a sudden, an idea came into his mind like a flash.
It would be just like rodeo practice, A. J. thought, trying to stay calm. He rushed to the truck to grab the rope quickly, aimed it at the calf and let it go. Luckily, he made it at the first attempt! With palms sweating, he and his dad struggled to pull the calf out of the frozen pond. After what seemed like a century, they managed to save the calf. Seeing the calf running to her mother happily, A. J. felt comforted and glad that what he had learned helped save a life.
