选择性必修第三册Unit 3单元词汇默写本
Ⅰ. 核心单词
1. ______________ n. 排放物; 散发物; 排放
2. ______________ n. 碳
3. ______________ n. 燃料; 刺激性言行
4. ______________ adj. 全部的; 所有的; 详尽的
5. ______________ vt. &vi. (broadcast, broadcast)播送; 广播; 传播 n. 广播节目; 电视节目
6. ______________ vi. &vt. 改革; (使)改正; 改造 n. 改革; 变革; 改良
7. ______________ vt. &vi. 提交; 呈递; 屈服
8. ______________ adj. 每年的; 一年的n. 年刊; 年鉴
9. ______________ vt. 恢复; 使复原; 修复
10. ______________ vt. &vi. 参加运动; 领导运动 n. 运动; 战役
Ⅱ. 拓展单词
1. starve v. (使)挨饿→______________ n. 挨饿→ ______________ adj. 饥饿的
2. ecology n. 生态→______________ adj. 生态的→______________ n. 生态学家
3. habitat n. 居住地; 栖息地→______________ adj. 适合居住的→______________ n. 居民
4. sustain vt. 维持; 保持 → ______________ adj. 可持续的; 合理利用的
5. restrict vt. 限制→ ______________ n. 限制规定; 限制法规; 约束
6. harmony n. 和谐→______________ adj. 和谐的
7. origin n. 起源; 出身→______________ v. 起源→______________ adj. 最初的
8. conserve v. 保护→______________ n. 保护→ ______________ n. 环境保护主义者
9. regulate v. 规定→______________ n. 章程; 规章制度
10. tolerate vt. 容忍→______________ n. 容忍→ ______________ adj. 宽容的
III.核心短语
1. ______________ 一个旅游胜地
2. ______________ 遭受
3. ______________ 采取行动
4. ______________ 导致
5. ______________ 最终; 结束
6. ______________ 处理问题
7. ______________ 建立; 设立
8. ______________ 实行; 执行
9. ______________ 对……负责的
10. ______________ 在实施中; 有效; 实际上; 事实上
IV.经典句式
1. 句型公式: “with+宾语+宾语补足语” 结构
_______________________________________________
随着越来越多的家庭和商业垃圾最终流向河流, 水污染的程度也在增加。
2. 句型公式: “as well as ” , 也; 和……一样好
_______________________________________________
旅游业以及商业还有工业在数量上的增加也意味着当地人口迅速增加。
3. 句型公式: “. . . , causing. . . ”, 现在分词作结果状语。
_______________________________________________
这些化学物质导致严重的水质问题, 造成了鱼的种类的减少。
参考答案
Ⅰ. 核心单词
1. emission n. 排放物; 散发物; 排放
2. carbon n. 碳
3. fuel n. 燃料; 刺激性言行
4. comprehensive adj. 全部的; 所有的; 详尽的
5. broadcast vt. &vi. (broadcast, broadcast)播送; 广播; 传播 n. 广播节目; 电视节目
6. reform vi. &vt. 改革; (使)改正; 改造 n. 改革; 变革; 改良
7. submit vt. &vi. 提交; 呈递; 屈服
8. annual adj. 每年的; 一年的n. 年刊; 年鉴
9. restore vt. 恢复; 使复原; 修复
10. campaign vt. &vi. 参加运动; 领导运动 n. 运动; 战役
Ⅱ. 拓展单词
1. starve v. (使)挨饿→starvation n. 挨饿→ starving adj. 饥饿的
2. ecology n. 生态→ecological adj. 生态的→ecologist n. 生态学家
3. habitat n. 居住地; 栖息地→habitable adj. 适合居住的→habitant n. 居民
4. sustain vt. 维持; 保持 → sustainable adj. 可持续的; 合理利用的
5. restrict vt. 限制→ restriction n. 限制规定; 限制法规; 约束
6. harmony n. 和谐→harmonious adj. 和谐的
7. origin n. 起源; 出身→originate v. 起源→original adj. 最初的
8. conserve v. 保护→conservation n. 保护→ conservationist n. 环境保护主义者
9. regulate v. 规定→regulation n. 章程; 规章制度
10. tolerate vt. 容忍→tolerance n. 容忍→ tolerant adj. 宽容的
III.核心短语
1. a tourist destination 一个旅游胜地
2. suffer from 遭受
3. take action 采取行动
4. contribute to 导致
5. end up 最终; 结束
6. address the issue 处理问题
7. set up 建立; 设立
8. carry out 实行; 执行
9. be responsible for 对……负责的
10. in effect 在实施中; 有效; 实际上; 事实上
IV.经典句式
1. 句型公式: “with+宾语+宾语补足语” 结构
Water pollution levels increased, with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river.
随着越来越多的家庭和商业垃圾最终流向河流, 水污染的程度也在增加。
2. 句型公式: “as well as ” , 也; 和……一样好
The growth in tourism also meant the local population rose rapidly, as well as the number of commercial and industrial enterprises.
旅游业以及商业还有工业在数量上的增加也意味着当地人口迅速增加。
3. 句型公式: “. . . , causing. . . ”, 现在分词作结果状语。
These chemicals led to severe water quality issues, causing a decrease in the number of fish species.
这些化学物质导致严重的水质问题, 造成了鱼的种类的减少。选择性必修三 Unit 3 Environmental Protection
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. The most __________(frequent) shared items are those expensive to buy but not fully used.
2. (2018·江苏高考)The __________ (sustain) success of small farmers, though, won’t happen without fundamental changes to the industry.
3. (2018·天津高考) On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now __________ (restrict) to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad.
4. (2018·江苏高考)We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland __________(conserve), as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farmers from all backgrounds.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. 如果我是她的员工, 我真的不能忍受每天被她责骂。
____________________, I really wouldn’t tolerate being scolded by her every day.
2. 研究表明女性要比男性有更敏锐的嗅觉并且对情感更敏感。
The study shows that women ____________________ than men and are also ____________________.
3. 现今, 在中国每一个人都有责任构建和谐社会。
Nowadays everyone is ____________________.
4. 在我看来, 一个人只有勇敢地面对困难并且抓住机会才能成功。
In my opinion, ____________________ can one succeed.
5. 就我个人而言, 讨论焦虑的来源是释放压力的一个好办法。
____________________, talking about source of anxiety is a great way to release stress.
Ⅲ. 语法填空
In ancient China lived an artist 1. _______ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 2. _____ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would 3. _______
(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River—perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
Filled with 4. _________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.5. ______
he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 6. __________(point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 7. ______ (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved 8. __________(gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 9. __________(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist 10. __________ earth, Mother Nature.
IV.阅读理解
A
Before the end of the year, employees at Ubiquitous Energy, a company in Redwood City, Calif, will gather in a window-lined conference room to stare toward the future. That’s because their new glass windows will offer more than an amazing view of the North California landscape. They will also be able to power the company’s lights, computers and air conditioners.
Several years in the making, Ubiquitous’ energy-producing glass is a remarkable technological achievement. Its power lies in the layers of organic polymers (聚合物) between sheets of glass. As light enters the window, the flow of electrons between the polymer layers creates an electric current, which is then collected by tiny wires in the glass.
“It’s sort of like a transparent computer display run in reverse (反过来), ” says Veeral Hardev, director of business development at Ubiquitous Energy. “Instead of electricity being shuttled to different points in a display to light them up, light is producing electricity to be shuttled out of different points in the window. ”
Right now the windows produce about a third as much electricity from a given amount of sunlight as the typical solar cells used in roof panels (板). These windows, about half as transparent as ordinary glass, don’t work as well as transparent ones. Hardev says the company is likely to improve the transparency significantly. As for the lower output of electricity, he notes that windows can cover a much greater surface area than a roof, so numerous windows will produce a surprisingly larger amount of electricity than the production from a rooftop full of higher-efficiency solar panels. “You could do both. ” says Hardev. “But you’ll get more from the windows. The biggest challenge, ” he adds, “is increasing the windows from less than two square feet currently to about 50 square feet. ”
1. What makes the new glass windows special
A. They can offer an amazing view.
B. They are controlled by computers.
C. They can power the conference room.
D. They can help stare toward the future.
2. What is Hardev trying to explain in Paragraph 3
A. The source of light.
B. The significance of different points.
C. The similarity of computer and glass.
D. The working principle of energy-producing glass.
3. What can affect power production according to the passage
A. The transparency of the glass.
B. The quality of the rooftop.
C. The height of the solar panels.
D. The thickness of the glass.
4. Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A. Windows: A New Challenge of Technology
B. Windows: No Longer Just for Letting in the Light
C. Power: A Pressing Problem in the Near Future
D. Power: Not Enough from Rooftop Solar Panels
B
Last year saw one of the poorest salmon returns on record in North America. Yet, we are eating more fish than ever before. Aquaculture (水产养殖) production has tripled in the last two decades to meet this need, and another historic move was made by the FDA earlier this year, when a company received the first ever nod to sell a genetically modified salmon, a bioengineered version of the Atlantic salmon.
US-based AquaBounty, the firm which received the go-ahead, said it would begin stocking fish in supermarkets “as soon as possible”. The first commercial harvest is expected at the end of 2020. At the moment, Argentina, Brazil and China have also granted environmental approvals for genetically modified fish farming trials.
This genetically modified salmon is actually a fish injected with the DNA of two other edible fish. The long road to the current version of the GM fish began in the 1980s when a physiologist named Garth Fletcher read about the work being done to genetically modify mice and wondered whether it could apply to salmon. He understood that the fish’s growth hormones are most active in some seasons and considered changing this so that the hormones are always active. Cut to 2019, Fletcher’s GM fish is able to reach adult size in 16 to 18 months, compared with 30 months for natural Atlantic salmon, while consuming 25% less feed.
In the United States, Atlantic salmon is endangered, so catching it is heavily restricted. It is currently imported from Chile, Norway and Canada. If the production and sales of AquaBounty go as planned, this will all change. And simultaneously, the company claims that farming the fish in their land-based hatcheries will lower the transportation cost as well as emissions associated with importing the fish as is currently done.
This has not all been without stiff opposition, and protestors who have sent nearly 2 million comments to the FDA have had issues on three main fronts. Health risks, being the main one, as it has been with several other genetically modified foods in the past. The environmental group Earth Action says no one can predict what will happen when people start eating the fish over time.
5. What can we learn about AquaBounty
A. It is a firm located in Argentina.
B. It performs research into GM fish.
C. It deals with the production and sales of fish.
D. It is the only firm allowed to produce GM fish.
6. One of the advantages of the GM salmon is that ______.
A. it has proved to have no health risks
B. it costs 25% less than imported salmon
C. it can meet people’s ever increasing need
D. it grows faster than natural Atlantic salmon
7. Protestors against GM salmon worry that ______.
A. fish markets will be seriously disturbed
B. GM food has potential health problems
C. GM salmon may not be up to the standard
D. the environmental group Earth Action will not be satisfied
8. The underlined word “This” in the last paragraph probably refers to ______.
A. the nod to sell a GM salmon
B. the lower cost of GM salmon
C. the prediction about what will happen
D. the import of salmon from Chile, Norway and Canada
V.七选五
Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question: “Should I jump ”This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin. 1 Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.
2 More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. Only then should you set your goals.
You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. 3 So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward.
Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible. 4 They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough.
5 You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.
You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.
A. This can affect your work.
B. So how should you motivate yourself
C. However, this should not discourage you.
D. So why should we try to set specific goals
E. They can change according to circumstances.
F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G. Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it.
VI.完形填空
A trip to a bank’s ATM machine is usually a common affair. But for Jose Nunez Romaniz, his 1 on Sunday is one that he won’t 2 for the rest of his life.
The 19-year-old college student was making a 3 for Mother’s Day online when he noticed his account balance(存款余额)was 4 . So he drove to the nearest bank to deposit money. Little did he know that he was about to make an incredible 5 .
When he arrived, Jose noticed a plastic bag on the ground filled with cash, which turned out to be $135, 000. “When I first saw it, I was very 6 , not knowing what to do, ”Jose told the New York Times. After taking a moment to 7 himself, Jose called the police. And the police soon discovered that the money had
8 been left behind by a worker 9 with refilling the ATM.
Thinking that it is the biggest amount of money ever found and 10 in Albuquerque history, the mayor and the police chief held a ceremony to honor Jose’s 11 . And, perhaps best of all, the police chief invited Jose to 12 a job as a public service aid for the department 13 his graduation. For Jose, it was the best gift for Mother’s Day. “Mother called me 14 she almost started crying excitedly. . . She told me I did the right thing and that she was 15 of what I did, ” said Jose.
1. A. plan B. experiment C. visit D. show
2. A. enjoy B. forget C. imagine D. face
3. A. purchase B. survey C. wish D. decision
4. A. full B. clear C. inaccurate D. low
5. A. offer B. promise C. profit D. discovery
6. A. shocked B. amused C. excited D. satisfied
7. A. teach B. disturb C. collect D. challenge
8. A. carefully B. accidentally C. deliberately D. nervously
9. A. continued B. charged C. armed D. tasked
10. A. returned B. saved C. lost D. exchanged
11. A. confidence B. honesty C. bravery D. appreciation
12. A. hold up B. adapt to C. wait for D. apply for
13. A. although B. before C. after D. until
14. A. or B. and C. so D. but
15. A. proud B. considerate C. worthy D. sure
参考答案
Ⅰ. 1. The most frequently(frequent) shared items are those expensive to buy but not fully used.
2. The sustainable (sustain) success of small farmers, though, won’t happen without fundamental changes to the industry.
3. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted (restrict) to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad.
4. We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation (conserve), as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farmers from all backgrounds.
Ⅱ.1. If I were her staff, I really wouldn’t tolerate being scolded by her every day.
2. The study shows that women have a better sense of smell than men and are also more sensitive to emotions.
3. Nowadays everyone is responsible for building up a harmonious society in China.
4.In my opinion, only by facing difficulties bravely and seizing opportunities can one succeed.
5. As far as I’m concerned, talking about source of anxiety is a great way to release stress.
Ⅲ. 【文章大意】在古代的中国, 有一个自认为画技超群的画家, 认为自己的作品一定会被皇帝看中, 最后他才发现, 还有比自己技艺更高的存在——大自然。从中我们也应该知道, 做人应该谦虚, 虚心向他人学习。
1. 【解析】whose。考查定语从句。空格前后是两个独立的句子, 缺少连接词, 根据后面的paintings可知, 我们需要填进去的词应该和paintings构成所属关系, 填whose。
2. 【解析】finest。考查形容词最高级。空格中的词修饰的是work, 根据后文中the best可知应填fine的最高级finest。
3. 【解析】be chosen。考查语态。根据文章意思, 此处应该是被动语态, 而且前面有情态动词would其后应用动词原形, 填be chosen。
4. 【解析】curiosity。考查名词。空格处是with的宾语, 要用名词形式, curious的名词形式是curiosity。
5. 【解析】When/As。考查状语从句。这是一个主从复合句, 逗号前面是时间状语从句, 句子大概意思是: 当他问村民的时候, 他们指向江边, 应该用When或As引导。
6. 【解析】pointed。考查复合句。and连接两个谓语动词, 空格处的动词形式应和前文中的smiled一致, 填pointed。
7. 【解析】to find。考查非谓语动词。set out开始, 着手, 出发。表达的是主语的目的和行为, 应填to do不定式, 即to find。
8. 【解析】gently。考查副词, 空格处修饰的是前面的动词moved, 应用副词gently。
9. 【解析】surrounding。考查复合句, 同第6题, 根据and可知前后为两个非谓语动词并列, 与rising一致, 即surrounding。
10. 【解析】on。考查介词, 根据后文earth及语义搭配, 填on。
IV.
A
【文章大意】本文介绍了一家公司研制出了与众不同的可以发电的新的玻璃窗。
1.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段中的They will also be able to power the company’s lights, computers and air conditioners. 可知, 它们还能够为公司的灯, 计算机和空调供电。由此可知, 新的玻璃窗与众不同的是它们可以为会议室供电。
2.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段可知, “这有点像一台反向运行的透明电脑显示器, ”Ubiquitous Energy的业务开发主管维洛拉 哈德夫表示。他说: “不是把电传送到显示器的不同点来点亮它们, 而是把产生的电从窗口的不同点传送出去。”由此可知, 哈德夫在第三段中想要解释的是产生电能的新玻璃窗的工作原理。
3.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第四段中的These windows, about half as transparent as ordinary glass, don’t work as well as transparent ones. Hardev says the company is likely to improve the transparency significantly. 可知, 这些窗户的透明度只有普通玻璃的一半, 不如透明玻璃那么好用。哈德夫说, 公司可能会大幅提高透明度。由此可知, 玻璃的透明度会影响发电量。
4.【解析】选B。标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第一段可知, Ubiquitous Energy公司研发出的新玻璃窗不仅可以让光线进入屋内, 它们还可以为公司的灯, 计算机和空调供电。因此B项Windows: No Longer Just for Letting in the Light(窗户: 不再只是为了让光线进来)符合文章内容, 可以作为最佳标题。
B
【文章大意】本文是说明文, 介绍了生产和销售转基因鱼的公司状况以及人们对转基因鱼的看法。
5.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的If the production and sales of AquaBounty go as planned, this will all change. (如果AquaBounty的生产和销售按计划进行, 这一切都会改变)可知, AquaBounty是一家生产和销售转基因鱼的公司。C. It deals with the production and sales of fish. (它处理鱼的生产和销售)符合以上说法。
6.【解析】选D 。细节理解题。根据第三段的Cut to 2019, Fletcher’s GM fish is able to reach adult size in 16 to 18 months, compared with 30 months for natural Atlantic salmon, while consuming 25% less feed. (2019年, 弗莱彻的转基因鱼可以在16—18个月内长到成年大小, 而天然大西洋鲑鱼则需要30个月, 同时消耗的饲料也少了25%)可知, 转基因鱼的一个优势是比大西洋鲑鱼长得快。D. it grows faster than natural Atlantic salmon(它比大西洋鲑鱼长得快)符合以上说法。
7.【解析】选B。 细节理解题。根据最后一段的Health risks, being the main one, as it has been with several other genetically modified foods in the past. (健康风险是主要原因, 就像过去其他几种转基因食品一样)可知, 抗议者们担心转基因食品存在健康风险。B. GM food has potential health problems(转基因食品有潜在的健康问题)符合以上说法。
8.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据第一段的a company received the first ever nod to sell a genetically modified salmon(一个公司首次得到销售转基因鲑鱼的许可)和画线部分所在句子This has not all been without stiff opposition(这并非没有强烈的反对意见)可推测, this指代是“同意销售转基因鲑鱼”。 A. the nod to sell a GM salmon(同意销售转基因鲑鱼)符合以上说法。
V.【文章大意】作者通过文章主要向我们描述了动机和目标设定是同一硬币的两面, 一定要好好把握。
1. 【解析】选G。根据前面的句子“动机和目标的设置是一个问题的两个方面”, 和前面的实例: 跳水板上的孩子由于缺少动机不能决定跳还是不跳。可知中间的句子会提到没有了动机会出现的结果。
2. 【解析】选B。根据More than that以及后面的问句“你应该如何保持动力来实现目标”可推知前面应该是一个关于如何让你有动力这样的问题。
3. 【解析】选A。前面提到“你的心不在你的工作上”以及So后提出的解决方法, 可推知中间应该提到前面问题带来的不好的影响这样的内容。
4. 【解析】选E。根据前面的句子“记住: 目标是灵活的”可知它们是可以根据情况变化的。
5. 【解析】选C。前面提到“由于视力不好, 原来的当飞行员的目标实现不了”这样的令人沮丧的情况, 后面又提到重新评估你的目标, 可推知中间一句应该提到前面的情况不应该影响你。
VI.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。一名19岁的大学生Jose Nunez Romaniz准备在银行存款时, 无意中发现了一个装着很多现金的塑料袋, 但他没有据为己有而是给警察打了电话。
1.【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 但对于Jose Nunez Romaniz来说, 周日的银行之行是他永生难忘的经历。 plan计划; experiment试验; visit拜访, 逗留; show展示。根据前文A trip to a bank’s. . . 可知, 此处指的是Jose周日的银行之行。
2.【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 但对于Jose Nunez Romaniz来说, 周日的银行之行是他永生难忘的经历。enjoy欣赏; forget忘记; imagine想象; face面对。根据后文Jose存款时的经历可知, Jose在存钱时意外捡到了一大笔钱, 所以这成了他永远都不会忘记的经历。
3.【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 这位19岁的大学生正在网上为母亲节购物, 这时他注意到自己的账户余额不足。purchase购买; survey调查表; wish希望; decision决定。根据后文for Mother’s Day online可知Jose当时准备给妈妈买母亲节礼物。make a purchase表示“购物”。
4.【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 这位19岁的大学生正在网上为母亲节购物, 这时他注意到自己的账户余额不足。full完全的; clear清楚的; inaccurate不准确的; low低的。根据后文So he drove to the nearest bank to deposit money. 可知Jose因为账户余额不足, 买不了礼物, 所以才去存钱的。
5.【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 他毫不知道他即将有一个惊人的发现。offer提议; promise承诺; profit利润; discovery发现。根据下一段中When he arrived, Jose noticed a plastic bag on the ground filled with cash可知Jose后来在银行捡到了一大笔钱, 所以此处指他即将有一个惊人发现, Jose之前毫不知情。
6.【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: “当我第一次看到它时, 我非常震惊, 不知道该怎么办, ” Jose告诉《纽约时报》。shocked震惊的; amused有趣的; excited激动的; satisfied满意的。根据后文not knowing what to do可知, Jose看到这么多钱后感到很吃惊。
7.【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: Jose冷静了一会儿后, 报了警。 teach教学; disturb干扰; collect收集, 使(自己)镇定; challenge向……挑战。根据后文Jose called the police可知, 过了一会儿后, Jose平静了下来。collect在此意为“使(自己)镇定; 使(思想)集中”。
8.【解析】选B。考查副词词义辨析。句意: 警方很快发现, 这些钱是一名负责给自动取款机装现金的工作人员不小心落下的。 carefully仔细地; accidentally一不小心, 意外地; deliberately故意地; nervously紧张地。根据前后文内容可知, 这么一大笔钱应该是一位工作人员不小心遗失在那里的。
9.【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 警方很快发现, 这些钱是一名负责给自动取款机装现金的工作人员不小心落下的。continued继续; charged充电; armed武装; tasked委派任务。结合后文with refilling the ATM可知这位工作人员是被派去给自动取款机装现金的时候, 不小心落下了这笔钱。
10.【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 市长和警察局长认为这是阿尔伯克基历史上发现和归还的最大数额的一笔钱, 因此举行了一个仪式来表彰Jose的诚实。returned归还, 返回; saved拯救; lost失去; exchanged交换。结合上文可知Jose发现了这笔钱, 然后报了警, 归还了银行, 所以是阿尔伯克基历史上发现和归还的最大数额的一笔钱。
11.【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 市长和警察局长认为这是阿尔伯克基历史上发现和归还的最大数额的一笔钱, 因此举行了一个仪式来表彰Jose的诚实。confidence自信; honesty诚实; bravery勇敢; appreciation欣赏。根据上文内容可知Jose拾金不昧, 所以应当是表扬他的诚实(honesty)。其他选项不符合语境。
12.【解析】选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 也许最重要的是, 警察局长邀请Jose在他毕业后申请一份公共服务助理的工作。hold up举起; adapt to适应; wait for等待; apply for申请。根据后文a job as a public service aid可知是指申请一份公共服务助理的工作。
13.【解析】选C。考查连词词义辨析。句意: 也许最重要的是, 警察局长邀请Jose在他毕业后申请一份公共服务助理的工作。although虽然; before在……之前; after在……之后; until直到。根据前文19-year-old college student可知, 此处应指在Jose大学毕业后。
14.【解析】选B。考查连词词义辨析。句意: 妈妈打电话给我, 她高兴得几乎哭了起来……or或者; and并且; so因此; but但是。根据空格前后内容可知, 两者表示顺承关系, 应用连词and。
15.【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 她告诉我我做了正确的事情, 她为我所做的感到骄傲。proud骄傲的, 自豪的; considerate体贴的; worthy值得的; sure确信的。根据上文内容可知, Jose拾金不昧, 所以妈妈在电话里告诉Jose说他做得对, 她为他感到骄傲。短语be proud of “为……感到骄傲”。(共49张PPT)
选修性必修三 Unit 3 Environmental Protection
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. disposal n. 去掉; 清除; 处理
【教材原句】
New rules were also introduced regarding tour boat routes and garbage disposal methods. (P32)
关于观光游船路线和垃圾处理方法, 引进了新的规则。
【词块必记】
(1)disposable adj. 一次性的, 用完即丢的
a disposable paper cup 一次性纸杯
(2)dispose of 清除, 处理, 处置
【知识拓展】
辨析 dispose /deposit
dispose v. 布置, 安排
deposit v. 放置; 寄存; 存款
【知识微练】 完成句子
①They _________________________________to let him find his own way
home.
他们把船长放在一条小船上, 让他自己想办法回家。
②Guests may __________________________________.
旅客可将贵重物品寄存在旅馆的保险柜里。
③Your idea at least ______________________________.
你的主意至少解决了眼前的问题。
deposited the captain into a small boat
deposit their valuables in the hotel safe
disposes of the immediate problem
【典句赏析】
In order to protect the environment, we should try not to use disposable bags.
为了保护环境, 我们应该尽量不使用一次性袋子。
2. conservation n. 对(环境、文物等)保护; 保持
【教材原句】
The construction of waste water treatment facilities improved the water quality and water conservation. (P32)
废水处理设施的建立改善了水的质量并且节约了用水。
【词块必记】
(1)conserve v. 保存, 保护, 节约
conserve energy/electricity 节约能源/用电
(2)conservative adj. 保守的, 守旧的
make a conservative estimate/guess at 对……做保守估计
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①One method of soil ___________(conserve)is the use of windbreaks.
②Ecotourism is a type of tourism that _________(conserve) the environment.
conservation
conserves
【典句赏析】
Energy Conservation is of vital importance to us because our society is facing energy shortage.
节约能源对我们而言至关重要, 因为我们的社会面临能源短缺的问题。
3. sustain vt. 维持; 遭受; 承受住
【教材原句】
Without this process, Earth could not sustain life. (P27)
没有这个过程, 地球就不能维持生命。
【词块必记】
sustain economic growth 维持经济增长
sustain a defeat/ an injury/a loss 遭受失败/受伤/损失
sustainable adj. 可持续的, 不破坏环境的
【知识拓展】 “环保”主题词汇表达集锦
sustainable development 可持续发展
environmentally friendly 保护环境的
recycled 可循环利用的
reusable 可重复使用的
【知识微练】 完成句子
①The branch ______________________________ and it broke.
树枝无法承受雪的重量而折断了。
②This small amount of food ______________________________.
这点食物都不够我们维持一个星期的。
③He ___________________________for studying French.
他没能将学习法语的热情一直保持下去。
couldn’t sustain the weight of snow
will not sustain us even for a week
couldn’t sustain his enthusiasm
【典句赏析】
Today, sustainable development is a popular trend in many countries.
如今, 可持续发展是很多国家的趋势。
Ⅱ. 核心短语
4. take action 采取行动
【典型例句】
Firefighters took action immediately to stop the blaze spreading.
消防队员立即采取了行动制止大火蔓延。
【词块必记】
in action 在活动中, 在运转中
out of action 失去作用, 停止运转
put. . . sth. in action 使……行动起来/使……开始工作/使……起作用
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①13 soldiers were killed and 10 wounded __ action.
②We must take ________ (measure) to pull the sick boy out of danger.
in
measures
一句多译
是时候我们应该采取措施阻止空气被污染了。
③It’s high time that we ______________________________to prevent the air from
being polluted.
④It’s high time that __________________________________to prevent the air
from being polluted.
should take action/measures /steps
measures /steps/ action were/was taken
Ⅲ. 经典句式
5. There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer. 毫无疑问地球正在变得越来越热。
【句型公式】
(1)There is no doubt. . . 毫无疑问, 后接that引导的同位语从句或“about+名词”结构。
(2)There is some doubt意为“值得怀疑, 不太确定”, 后接whether引导的同位语从句或“about+名词”结构。
(3)doubt作动词时, 其用法如下: ①在否定句和疑问句中, doubt后面接that引导的宾语从句。②在肯定句中, doubt后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句。
【知识微练】 翻译句子
①毫无疑问的是, 我们应该采取措施来保护地球了。
There is no doubt that we should take action to protect our planet.
②毋庸置疑的是, 保护环境就是保护我们自己。
Undoubtedly, protecting environment is protecting ourselves.
【典句赏析】 There is little doubt that we human activities have a great impact on environment.
毫无疑问, 人类活动对环境有巨大的影响。
【补充要点】
1. release vt. &n. 排放, 释放, 发布
【教材原句】
The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths. (P27)热量在长波中被释放到太空。
【词块必记】
release smog 排放烟雾
release stress 释放压力
release a movie /new version 发行影片/发布新版本
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①Hearing that he had passed the exam, he sighed in _____(release).
②Physical exercise is a good way of ________(release) stress.
完成句子
③The factory __________________, making the air dirty.
这座工厂不停地排放烟雾, 污染了空气。
relief
releasing
keeps releasing smog
2. tolerate vt. 忍受; 容忍; 容许
【典型例句】
Learning how to tolerate others’ mistakes is a must if you want to get along well with others.
如果你想和别人友好相处, 学会宽容别人的错误是必须的。
【词块必记】
(1)tolerate (sb. ) doing sth. 容忍/忍受(某人)做某事
(2)tolerant adj. 宽容的; 容忍的
(3)tolerance n. 宽容; 容忍; 忍受
【知识拓展】 “容忍”的多种表达
tolerate/stand/bear/put up with
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①When neighbors want to get along well with each other, they have to show their
________(tolerate).
②Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a _______
(tolerate) smile and let him go.
③I can’t tolerate ________(work) with Kate in the same office. She just refuses to
stop talking while she works.
tolerance
tolerant
working
【典句赏析】
Those who know how to tolerate others can naturally lead a happy life.
懂得如何容忍别人的人自然会过着幸福的生活。
3. restriction n. 限制规定; 限制法规; 约束
【典型例句】
①Restrictions on trade were lifted.
贸易限制被取消了。
② Speed is restricted to 30 mph in towns.
在城里车速不得超过每小时30英里。
【词块必记】
(1)a restriction on sth. 关于……的限制
(2)restrict sth. to sth. 把……限制在……
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①Access to the club is restricted __ members only.
②There is no restriction ___ the number of people.
to
on
【典句赏析】
To improve the quality of education, we recommend restricting class sizes to 20 students.
为了提高教育质量, 我们建议把班级规模限制在20位学生之内。
4. submit v. 提交; 呈递; 屈服
【典型例句】 All applications must be submitted by Monday.
所有申请必须在周一前提交。
【词块必记】
(1)submit an application 呈递申请
submit to =give in 屈服; 顺从
(2)submission n. 递交; 顺从
【构词法】动词变名词相同规则的:
permit →permission(允许)
admit → admission(承认; 录取)
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①The minority should submit __ the majority.
②We normally respond to article ____________(submit) within six weeks.
to
submission(s)
【典句赏析】
Please submit your reports to me before the deadline.
请在截止日期之前把报告交给我。
5. These chemicals led to severe water quality issues, causing a decrease in the number of fish species.
这些化学物质导致了严重的水质问题, 造成了鱼的品种数量的减少。
【句型公式】
causing a decrease. . . 为现在分词作状语。
现在分词和动词不定式作结果状语的区别
(1)The earthquake hit the area, causing a great loss in economy. (现在分词表示自然而然的结果)
(2)He got up early to catch the early bus, only to find that the bus had left. (动词不定式表示意料之外的结果)
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①There is mud and water everywhere, _______(make) it difficult to travel from
place to place.
②He hurried to the station, only _________(tell) that the train had already left.
making
to be told
【典句赏析】 She opened the door, only to find that it was her long lost friend standing in front of her.
她开门后惊奇地发现她失散多年的朋友站在她面前。
IV.话题写作
近年来雾霾(haze)频发, 已经严重地影响了人们的生活。假定你是李华, 请根据以下提示用英语给校报写一封信, 谈谈你对雾霾现象的认识。
1. 雾霾危害;
2. 应对措施和建议。
注意: 1. 词数80左右;
2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
Step 1 写作技巧
1. 词汇提升(一句多译)
我国雾霾频发, 给我们的生活造成了极大的危害。
(1)Severe haze weather has frequently occurred in China, which _____________
_______ people’s health.
(2)Severe haze weather has frequently occurred in China, which ______________
__ people’s health.
(3)Severe haze weather has frequently occurred in China, which ________________
people’s health.
has done great
harm to
is quite harmful
to
is of great harm to
2. 句式升级
(1)只有用这种方法, 我们才能把我们自己从雾霾中拯救出来。(倒装句)
_________________________________ from the haze.
(2)政府有必要提高人们的环保意识。(It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. )
________________________________ raise people’s awareness of protecting the
environment.
Only in this way can we save ourselves
It is necessary for the government to
Step 2 妙笔成篇
Dear editor,
In recent years, severe haze weather has frequently occurred in China, which has done great harm to people’s health. Many traffic accidents happened in haze weather and some people even got injured or lost their lives.
Now that we have realized the great harm caused by the haze, we should take measures to reduce it. It is necessary for the government to raise people’s awareness of protecting the environment. In addition, people should go to work by bus or by bike if possible instead of driving as well as plant more trees to clean the polluted air. Only in this way can we save ourselves from the haze.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua选择性必修第三册Unit 3综合能力检测
第一部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Will you be crazy about these newly-built products that are not merely quite useful but also good to the environment Come and see then!
Eco-friendly Umbrella
Traditional umbrellas come with a fixed surface. Although it is changeable, you cannot replace it easily. This eco-friendly design is more flexible. It is actually only an umbrella skeleton without any surface, which can be folded, so you can put anything such as newspapers, plastic bags or whatever you want to serve as the protecting surface.
Pollution-sensitive Dress
Don’t be caught outside unaware of pollution levels in the air. The pollution-sensitive EPA Dress by Stephanie Sandstrom notices pollution in the air accordingly. This dress—which is actually quite pretty looks like you pull it from the bottom of the dirty laundry pile when the air is dirty. It might protect your health by advising you to stay indoors for the day, but it won’t do you any favor if you’re meeting with clients.
Eco-friendly Car Racer
Can you image a car racer is so eco-friendly that its tyres are made from potatoes, its body is created from hemp(大麻) and rapeseed oil and it runs on fuel made from wheat and sugar beet The one seater racing car called Eco One is built by experts from Warwick University, who hope that Eco One will be adopted by the automotive industry. It is sold at $51, 000.
Eco-friendly Moss(苔藓) Carpet
Do you know it is said that walking on fresh grass can really increase your blood circulation The Moss Carpet, created by Nguyen La Chanh, looks at getting the grass to your feet. The mat includes ball moss, island moss and forest moss. The humidity(湿度) of the bathroom ensures that it grows well. And that’s why you need to place it there and not anywhere else.
1. The EPA Dress is designed to ______.
A. discourage people from going out
B. help meet with clients
C. improve people’s appearance
D. inform people of air quality
2. What can we know about Eco One
A. It can seat one passenger and one driver.
B. It can’t be afforded by the public at present.
C. It is mainly made from some kinds of plants.
D. It will take the place of the traditional car industry.
3. Where does the text probably come from
A. A science report. B. A personal blog.
C. A health report. D. An official document.
B
At the age of seven, while his friends were spending their pocket money on unimportant things like candy and toys, Jose was busy saving money for more necessary things. To try to get his peers to do the same, the youngster from Peru came up with the new idea of an eco-bank, which allows kids of all ages to become economically independent and financially intelligent—while also helping the environment.
Founded in 2012, the Bartselana Student Bank is the world’s first cooperative bank for kids. Possible members have to bring in at least 5 kilograms of solid waste and set a savings goal. Once accepted, all bank partners are required to bank at least one additional kilogram of recyclables on a monthly basis. The waste is sold to local recycling companies. The funds received are placed in the individual’s account where they collect until his/her savings goal is reached. The account holder can then take out his/her money, or choose to leave it and continue to grow for a bigger goal.
The youngster’s determination paid off, and by 2013, the Bartselana Student Bank had over 200 members. Things have only improved since. Today, the eco-bank is proud of ten educational centers. They are designed to teach over 3, 000 teenagers to become economically independent, invest(投资) wisely, and help the environment. Now the Bartselana Student Bank began accepting applications from kids all across Peru. Not surprisingly, Jose’s efforts have earned the youngster several national and international awards, which won him about $5, 500.
“Jose’s eco-bank is a brilliant way of linking economy and climate effect, both in thought and practice. The system clearly shows that the planet’s common resources are limited and that we must recycle the products we no longer use, ” a judge said. “It creates viewpoint of consumption(消费). This way caring about the environment becomes an investment, a system that gives children both economic independence and power to influence the climate. The potential impact is amazing. ”
4. In which aspect does Jose stand out from other kids
A. He did better at studies.
B. He didn’t like candy and toys.
C. He managed his pocket money more wisely.
D. He came from a wealthy family.
5. What does “all bank partners” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A. Local recycling companies.
B. The kids bringing in recyclables.
C. The bank staff working in the bank.
D. The customers saving money.
6. What does the author mainly want to tell us by the examples in Paragraph 3
A. Jose’s pioneering efforts were richly rewarded.
B. Jose helped 3, 000 teenagers pay off their debts.
C. Jose contributed to the environmental protection.
D. Jose’s idea helped him win a prize worth $5, 500.
7. What is the best title for the text
A. Kids in Peru Are Changing Their Consumption Habits
B. Peru Kids Learned to Become Economically Independent
C. Jose’s Idea Is Raising Viewpoints of Environmental Protection
D. A Peru Eco-Bank Teaches Kids About Finance And Recycling
C
India has the world’s worst air pollution. Home to 21 of the world’s 30 most polluted cities, its poisonous air kills more than one million people each year. That’s partly because the South Asian nation is the world’s second largest brick producer. Brick kilns(砖窑)— which account for 20% of black carbon emissions globally—make a significant contribution to its terrible air.
Indian architect Tejas Sidnal was shocked to discover the construction industry’s role in the pollution crisis. “That was a crazy eye opener, ”he says, “As architects, we should take responsibility for so much air pollution. ”Determined to make construction more sustainable and tackle India’s air pollution, Sidnal launched Carbon Craft Design in 2019. “We found a way to add value to this recovered carbon by using it as a pigment (颜料, 色素)in carbon tiles(瓷砖, 瓦片), ”he says.
To create the carbon tiles, Carbon Craft Design partnered with Graviky Labs, an Indian company that previously created “Air Ink”, a technology that captures carbon soot from cars and factories, and converts it into ink and paint. “Graviky Labs views pollution as a resource, ” company founder Anirudh Sharma tells CNN. “We are one of only a few companies in the world to capture these carbon emissions and turn them into new materials. ”
Since launching its first tiles a year ago, Carbon Craft Design’s customers have included global fashion brands and architecture firms in India. In November 2020, the company retrofitted an Adidas store in Mumbai, covering the walls and the floor with its carbon tiles. Architect Manan Gala, whose firm Bombay Contractors designed the Adidas store, describes the carbon tile as a “winner” for the construction industry. “As well as being sustainable, the product has better strength than conventional cement tiles due to the carbon content, and the raw and rustic feel adds to the overall charm, ” he says.
“Carbon Craft Design is currently rising investment and hopes to start distribution in Europe this year. ” says Sidnal, adding that “We are flooded with inquiries from in and out of India. ”
8. What does the author want to tell us by the figures in Paragraph 1
A. Global pollution crisis.
B. Brick kilns’ side effects in air pollution.
C. Benefits of bricks production.
D. Significance of environment protection.
9. What can we infer about Sidnal from Paragraph 2
A. He cares about crises.
B. He prefers profits.
C. He’s a responsible architect.
D. He’s crazy about construction.
10. What can we learn from Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4
A. Carbon tiles are stronger than traditional cement tiles.
B. “Air Ink” was specially created to produce carbon tiles.
C. Global fashion brands and architecture firms join Graviky Labs.
D. Many companies can transform carbon emissions into new materials.
11. What is Sidnal’s attitude towards “Carbon Craft Design”
A. Cautious. B. Doubtful.
C. Self-critical. D. Hopeful.
D
In Australia and other developed countries, consumption (消耗) is viewed as important for economic growth. In recent years, however, concern has grown about the increasing number of people consuming limited resources at a shocking rate. The United States has only about 5 percent of the world’s population, yet consumes about 35 percent of the world’s energy.
Impressive packaging and storage such as refrigeration is a luxury (奢侈) that consumers in developed countries take for granted (认为理所当然). In many parts of the world where refrigeration is either unavailable or too expensive, fresh food is bought daily from open-air markets.
These markets make little influence on the environment. They do not use energy to store food and because they mostly operate during daylight hours, no electricity is used for lighting. Packaging is mostly unnecessary, and when needed, is often made from biodegradable (可生物降解的) vegetable matter. These markets still exist in many parts of the developed world, but are an alternative (供选择的) form of shopping. Even in developing countries, shops are fast becoming the main places for consumers.
Commercial (商业的) packaging is becoming as much a part of consumption in developing countries as it is in developed countries. Plastic bags, drink cans, and hamburger containers are now thrown into rubbish piles along with banana leaves which are a more traditional form of packaging. In most cases, it all ends up at the local garbage disposal plant and is not recycled.
Many people are starting to notice the influence of consumerism on the environment. It is affecting not only the earth, but also our health. Some scientists think that the greenhouse effect has increased due to the production, use and disposal of many of the products we use.
12. What does the author think of packaging and refrigeration
A. It’s quite necessary.
B. It’s a costly process.
C. It’s the progress of society.
D. It’s different from consumerism.
13. What can be known about the open-air markets in developing countries
A. They are not changing.
B. They can’t be seen now.
C. They are getting less popular.
D. They are appearing in more places.
14. What are rarely used as packaging according to the author
A. Drink cans. B. Plastic bags.
C. Banana leaves. D. Hamburger containers.
15. What’s the best title for the text
A. Different Ways of Packaging
B. Technology Vs. the Environment
C. Markets in Developing Countries
D. Consumption Vs. Economic Growth
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Carbon dioxide is released when oil, coal, and other fossil fuels are burned for energy—the energy we use to power our homes, cars, and smartphones. By using less of it, we can limit our own contribution to climate change while also saving money. 16 .
Buy energy-efficient appliances
Since they were first set in 1987, efficiency standards for dozens of appliances and products have kept 2. 3 billion tons of carbon dioxide out of the air. That’s about the same amount as the yearly carbon pollution coughed up by nearly 440 million cars. When shopping for refrigerators, washing machines, and other appliances, look for the Energy Star label. 17 .
Reduce water waste
Saving water reduces carbon pollution, too. That’s because it takes a lot of energy to pump, heat, and treat your water. 18 . Turn off the tap while brushing your teeth. And switch to water-efficient equipment. If one out of every 100 American homes did this, about 100 million kilowatt-hours of electricity per year would be saved, avoiding 80, 000 tons of global warming pollution.
19 .
Gas-smart cars, such as hybrids and fully electric cars, save fuel and money. And once all cars and light trucks meet 2025’s clean car standards, which means averaging 54. 5 miles per gallon, they’ll be a mainstay. For good reason: Compared with the 2011 standards, Americans will spend $80 billion less at the gas station each year and cut their emissions by half. Before you buy a new set of wheels, compare fuel-economy performance.
Rethink planes, trains, and cars
Choosing to live in walkable smart-growth cities and towns with quality public transportation leads to less driving, less money spent on fuel, and less pollution in the air.
20 . Air transport is a major source of climate pollution. If you can take a train instead, do that.
A. So take shorter showers
B. Drive a fuel-efficient car
C. Cut down on your water consumption completely
D. It will tell you which are the most efficient
E. Change only happens when individuals take action
F. Less frequent flying can make a big difference, too
G. Here are some effective ways each one of us can make a difference
第二部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I hate driving down the highway, watching 21 of smoke from power plants rise into the clear sky, seeing rubbish 22 the streets in my neighborhood, catching my friends throwing away their plastic bottles 23 recycling. In fact, I am 24 by the slightest piece of paper on the surface of the pond next to my house.
At times, my friends have questioned my intentions: why I want the 25 of our globe, the purity of our water, the 26 beauty of our plains. I try to answer them with a clear answer, yet at times I don’t know how to 27 ; seeing rubbish on the floor, smoke 28 the sky like a thick blanket feels so unnatural for me. One Saturday night, for example, when I was walking back home, I 29 a pile of beer bottles at the entrance of the woods near my neighborhood. A group of deer stepped into the 30 but didn’t stay long—they were 31 by the strong smell of rubbish. I looked at the tall trees first and then at the setting sun. The rubbish seemed like something 32 the beauty of nature. I decided to clean up the pile. I went back home and found a large plastic garbage bag. I ran into the grass and tried to 33 all the bottles into the single bag. Finally I had to go back home to get another bag. Dragging the waste behind me on my way to the community dump, I thought, I want to help the environment because I want to own a 34 globe. I hate litter and 35 because that’s just who I am—sort of an environmental freak (着迷的人).
21. A. movements B. clouds C. sights D. signs
22. A. turn B. cross C. line D. lead
23. A. except for B. because of C. along with D. instead of
24. A. persuaded B. broken C. attracted D. angered
25. A. cleanliness B. colorfulness C. safety D. honor
26. A. natural B. seasonal C. unexpected D. obvious
27. A. return B. reply C. act D. talk
28. A. following B. touching C. covering D. changing
29. A. spotted B. collected C. put D. treated
30. A. mess B. pond C. home D. dump
31. A. taken up B. set up C. driven away D. taken away
32. A. understanding B. showing C. attacking D. destroying
33. A. damage B. order C. destroy D. stuff
34. A. lonely B. friendly C. healthy D. big
35. A. trouble B. pollution C. argument D. danger
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China was once the world’s biggest recipient of overseas trash. Because of a 36. __________ (short) of enough raw materials, China began importing solid waste in 1980. The recycling of 37. __________ (import) waste helped to fill that gap. Recycling foreign trash has support the development of China’s manufacturing sector and further boosted its economy. After 38. __________(process), garbage can be turned into materials that can be used to make products, such as chairs and bags. However, importing this waste has brought 39. __________ (many) risks than benefits. Waste that can’t be 40. __________(proper) used is either burned or buried, 41. __________ processing recyclables also leads to rivers, air and land pollution, as well as 42. __________(vary) diseases. But from Jan. 1, 2021, China makes a sweeping ban 43. __________ all imports of solid waste. According to China Daily, the ban taking effect in 2021 is the final stage of policies introduced in 2017, since 44. __________, the volume of foreign waste 45. __________ (fall) by 68 percent, from 42 million to 13 million tons in 2019. “The victory of realizing the goal of zero imports of solid waste is in sight, ” said Qiu Qiwen, from the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.
第三部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假如你是李华, 是学校的学生会主席, 你校即将开展为期一个月的“环保节” (the Environmental Protection Festival)活动, 请你在学校的英文报上对全体学生发出倡议, 号召大家积极参加这个活动。内容包括:
1. 活动的目的和意义;
2. 活动的主要内容;
3. 发出号召。
注意:
写作词数应为80左右。
Dear fellows,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Although it was autumn, the snow was already beginning to fall in Tibet. Our legs were so heavy and cold that they felt like blocks of ice. Have you ever seen snowmen ride bicycles That’s what we looked like! Along the way children dressed in long wool coats stopped to look at us. In the late afternoon we found it was so cold that our water bottles froze. However, the lakes shone like glass in the setting sun and looked wonderful. Wang Wei rode in front of me as usual. She is very reliable and I knew I didn’t need to encourage her. To climb the mountains was hard work but as we looked around us, we were surprised by the view. We seemed to be able to see for miles. At one point we were so high that we found ourselves cycling through clouds. Then we began going down the hills. It was great fun especially as it gradually became much warmer. In the valleys colorful butterflies flew around us and we saw many yaks and sheep eating green grass. At this point we had to change our caps, coats, gloves and trousers for T-shirts and shorts.
In the early evening we always stop to make camp. We put up a tent and then we ate. After supper Wang Wei put her head down on her pillow and went to sleep but I stayed awake. At midnight the sky became clearer and the stars grew brighter. It was so quiet. There was almost no wind—only the flames of our fire for company.
注意: 续写词数应为150左右。
As I lay beneath the stars I thought about how far we had already traveled.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
We will reach Dali in Yunnan Province soon, where our cousins Dao Wei and Yu Hang will join us. We can hardly wait to see them!
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
第一部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
A
【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文, 介绍了四种新型的环保产品, 并详细说明了各种产品的特色。
1. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据Pollution-Sensitive Dress部分中的第二句“The pollution-sensitive EPA Dress by Stephanie Sandstrom notices pollution in the air accordingly. 斯蒂芬妮·桑德斯托姆设计的对污染敏感的EPA服装相应地注意到了空气中的污染”可知, EPA Dress这种衣服可以提醒人们外面空气的污染情况。故选D。
2. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据Eco-friendly Car Racer部分中的第一句“你能想象一辆赛车是如此的环保吗 它的轮胎是用土豆做的, 车身是用大麻和菜籽油做的, 行驶的燃料是用小麦和甜菜做的。”可知, Eco One的部件主要是由一些植物做成的。故选C。
3. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。本文介绍了四种新型的环保产品, 并详细说明了各种产品的特色。与“个人博客、健康报告和政府文件”无关, 只可能是科学报告。故选A。
B
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文, 主要讲述了Jose创立了一家秘鲁生态银行, 向孩子们教授金融和循环利用的故事。
4. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“At the age of seven, while his friends were spending their pocket money on unimportant things like candy and toys, Jose was busy saving money for more necessary things. ”可知, Jose比其他孩子突出的点在于可以更明智地管理零花钱。故选C。
5. 【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“Founded in 2012, the Bartselana Student Bank is the world’s first cooperative bank for kids. ”及画线的第三句“Once accepted, all bank partners are required to bank at least one additional kilogram of recyclables on a monthly basis. ”可知, “all bank partners”指的是带来可回收垃圾的儿童。故选B。
6. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“The youngster’s determination paid off, and by 2013, the Bartselana Student Bank had over 200 members. ”和最后一句“Not surprisingly, Jose’s efforts have earned the youngster several national and international awards, which won him about $5, 500. ”可知, 第三段主要通过事例讲述了Jose的努力所得到的回报。故选A。
7. 【解析】选D。标题归纳题。根据第二段“Founded in 2012, the Bartselana Student Bank is the world’s first cooperative bank for kids. ”及最后一段“This way caring about the environment becomes an investment, a system that gives children both economic independence and power to influence the climate. ”及全文内容可知, 文章主要介绍了秘鲁的一家生态银行向孩子们教授金融和循环利用。故选D。
C
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。印度是世界上空气污染最严重的国家, 污染源是砖窑。文章叙述了砖窑对空气污染的副作用并介绍了解决的方法。
8. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知, 作者想通过第一段中的数字告诉我们“砖窑对空气污染的副作用”。故选B。
9. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段中的“As architects, we should take responsibility for so much air pollution. 作为建筑师, 我们应该对这么多的空气污染负责。”可以推断出Sidnal是一个负责任的建筑师。故选C。
10. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“We are one of only a few companies in the world to capture these carbon emissions and turn them into new materials. ”和第四段最后一句“As well as being sustainable, the product has better strength than conventional cement tiles due to the carbon content, and the raw and rustic feel adds to the overall charm, ”可知, “碳瓦比传统水泥瓦更坚固。”故选A。
11. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Carbon Craft Design is currently rising investment and hopes to start distribution in Europe this year. ”可知, Carbon Craft Design目前正在增加投资, 并希望今年开始在欧洲销售。所以Sidnal对“Carbon Craft Design”持“希望的”态度。故选D。
D
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 主要讲的是随着人类科技的发展, 人们的消费主义对环境的影响越来越大。
12. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Impressive packaging and storage such as refrigeration is a luxury that consumers in developed countries take for granted ”可知, 令人印象深刻的包装和储存, 如冷藏, 是一种奢侈品, 发达国家的消费者认为这理所当然, 所以包装和冷藏很昂贵。故选B。
13. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Even in developing countries, shops are fast becoming the main places for consumers. ”可知, 即使在发展中国家, 商店也正迅速成为消费者的主要消费场所。可推知, 发展中国家的露天市场越来越不受欢迎。故选C。
14.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“Plastic bags, drink cans, and hamburger containers are now thrown into rubbish piles along with banana leaves which are a more traditional form of packaging. ”可知, 香蕉叶被扔进了垃圾堆, 而香蕉叶是一种更传统的包装形式, 可推知香蕉叶很少被用来包装。故选C。
15. 【解析】选B。标题归纳题。根据第二段“Impressive packaging and storage such as refrigeration is a luxury that consumers in developed countries take for granted ”可知, 令人印象深刻的包装和储存, 如冷藏, 是一种奢侈品, 发达国家的消费者认为这理所当然。结合第四段“Commercial packaging is becoming as much a part of consumption in developing countries as it is in developed countries”商业包装就像它在发达国家一样正在成为发展中国家消费的一部分以及最后一段中“Many people are starting to notice the influence of consumerism on the environment. ”可知, 是随着人类科技的发展, 人们的消费主义对环境的影响越来越大。所以短文的最佳标题为“ 科技对抗环境”。故选B。
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 主要介绍了一些可以减少碳排放的有效方法。
16. 【解析】选G。根据上文“By using less of it, we can limit our own contribution to climate change while also saving money”结合后文主要提出了一些可以减少碳排放的方法可知, 此处指有一些我们每个人都能有所作为的有效方法。故选G。
17. 【解析】选D。根据上文可知, 上文提到在购买冰箱、洗衣机和其他电器时, 寻找有“能源之星”标签的商品, 故本句承接上文继续说明原因: “能源之星”标签会告诉你哪些电器是效率最高的。D选项中It指代上文the Energy Star label。故D选项“它会告诉你哪些是效率最高的”符合语境, 故选D。
18. 【解析】选A。根据上文可知, 本段的建议是节约用水, 且本句与后文并列, 都是在举例说明生活中节约用水的具体例子, 故A选项“所以淋浴时间短一些”符合语境。故选A。
19. 【解析】选B。根据本段内容“Gas-smart cars, such as hybrids and fully electric cars, save fuel and money. . . Before you buy a new set of wheels, compare fuel-economy performance. ”可知, 本段的建议是驾驶省油型汽车。故B选项“开省油的车”符合语境。故选B。
20. 【解析】选F。根据后文“Air transport is a major source of climate pollution. If you can take a train instead, do that. ”可知, 本段的建议是少乘坐飞机, 故F选项“不经常乘飞机也会带来很大的不同”符合语境。故选F。
第二部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要叙述了在环境保护问题上的行动。
21. 【解析】选B。根据下文中的“smoke. . . the sky like a thick blanket”可知, 此处指烟囱冒出的烟如同云一样, 升入天空。movement运动; cloud云状物; sight视野; sign符号, 标志。故选B。
22. 【解析】选B 。根据内容可知, 街道上随处可见的四散的垃圾, 如同横跨过街道上一样。turn转动, 旋转; cross横跨, 横过; line沿……形成行(或列、排); lead引领。cross the street“横过马路”。故选B。
23. 【解析】选D。根据上文的“my friends throwing away their plastic bottles”及下文“ recycling”可知, 我的朋友是扔掉塑料瓶而不是回收。except for除了……之外; because of 因为; along with和……一起; instead of而不是。故选D。
24. 【解析】选D。根据下文的“ I hate litter ”可知, 我讨厌垃圾, 所以此处指看到水面上飘着的纸片我很生气。persuade说服; break 破坏, 打破; attract吸引; anger生气。故选D。
25. 【解析】选A。根据下文的“ the purity of our water”可知, 此处指干净的地球。cleanliness干净; colorfulness色彩; safety 安全; honor荣誉。故选A。
26. 【解析】选A。根据上文的“the purity of our water”及下文中的“The rubbish seemed like something______the beauty of nature. ”可知, 此处指的是平原的自然的美。natural自然的; seasonal季节性的; unexpected 意外的; obvious明显的。故选A。
27.【解析】选B。根据上文的 “ I try to answer them with a clear answer”和“yet”可知, 上下文是转折关系, 故此处是指我有时不知道如何回答他们。return返回; reply回答; act行动; talk说话。故选B。
28. 【解析】选C。根据下文的“the sky like a thick blanket”可知, 烟像厚厚的毯子一样笼罩着天空, “覆盖”符合语境。follow跟随; touch触摸; cover覆盖; change改变。故选C。
29. 【解析】选A。根据上文的“when I was walking back home, ”及下文的“a pile of beer bottles at the entrance of the woods near my neighborhood. ”可知, 在我走着回家的时候, 我看到家附近的树林入口处有一堆啤酒瓶。spot看到; collect收集; put 放着; treat对待。故选A。
30. 【解析】选D。根据下文“by the strong smell of rubbish”可知, 此处指鹿走进了垃圾堆里。mess凌乱, 脏乱; pond池塘; home家; dump垃圾场, 废物堆。故选D。
31. 【解析】选C。根据上文的“but didn’t stay long”及下文“by the strong smell of rubbish”可知, 鹿被垃圾强烈的气味熏走了。take up占据, 从事; set up建立; drive away使离开, 使不愿久留; take away带走。故选C。
32. 【解析】选D。根据上文的“The rubbish ”及下文的“ the beauty of nature”可知, 此处指垃圾破坏了大自然的美丽。understand理解; show表现; attack袭击; destroy破坏。故选D。
33. 【解析】选D。根据下文的“all the bottles into the single bag”可知, 此处指把所有的瓶子装进一个袋子里。stuff sth. into sth. 意为“把某物装进某物里”。 damage损害, 伤害; order命令; destroy摧毁, 毁灭; stuff塞满。故选D。
34. 【解析】选C。根据上文中“why I want the______of our globe, ”及“I decided to clean up the pile. ”可知, 此处指我想保护环境, 因为我想有一个健康干净的地球。lonely孤独的; friendly友好的; healthy健康的; big大的。故选C。
35. 【解析】选B。根据上文的“ I hate litter and”及下文的“who I am—sort of an environmental freak”可知, 此处指我讨厌污染。trouble麻烦; pollution污染; argument 争论; danger危险。故选B。
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了从2021年1月1日起, 中国全面禁止所有固体废弃物的进口, 这将有益于环保。
36. 【解析】shortage。考查名词。句意: 由于缺乏足够的原材料, 中国从1980年开始进口固体废弃物。不定冠词a后需接可数名词单数, short的名词形式为shortage“不足, 缺乏”。故填shortage。
37. 【解析】imported。考查过去分词。句意: 进口废弃物的回收利用有助于填补这一空白。分析句子结构可知, 空处需用过去分词作前置定语修饰名词waste, 此处表示被进口的。故填imported。
38. 【解析】being processed。考查动名词的被动形式。句意: 垃圾经过处理后, 可以转化成用来制作产品的材料, 如椅子和袋子。介词after后需用动名词作宾语, 此处表示被处理, 所以空处需用动名词的被动形式: being done。
39. 【解析】more。考查形容词的比较级。句意: 然而, 进口这些垃圾带来的风险大于好处。由空后 than benefits可知, 空处需用many的比较级more, 表示更多的风险。故填more。
40. 【解析】properly。考查副词。句意: 不能正确使用的废弃物要么被焚烧, 要么被掩埋, 而处理可回收的废弃物也会导致河流、空气和土地污染, 以及各种疾病。空处需用副词作状语修饰动词used。
41. 【解析】while。考查连词。根据空前后句意可知, 此处有对比之意, 所以此处需用连词while“而, 可是”。故填while。
42. 【解析】various。考查词性转换。句意: 不能正确使用的废弃物要么被焚烧, 要么被掩埋, 而处理可回收的废弃物也会导致河流、空气和土地污染, 以及各种疾病。空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词diseases, vary的形容词形式为various“各种各样的”。
43. 【解析】on。考查介词。句意: 但从2021年1月1日起, 中国全面禁止所有固体废弃物的进口。make a ban on. . . 对……发出禁令, 固定搭配。
44. 【解析】when。考查定语从句。句意: 据《中国日报》报道, 于2021年生效的禁令是2017年出台的政策的最后阶段, 自那以来, 外国垃圾的数量下降了68%, 从4200万吨下降到2019年的1300万吨。由空前时间词可知, 空处需用since when引导非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词2017, since when=and since then。
45. 【解析】has fallen。考查时态和主谓一致。由前文连接词since可知, 空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态: have/has done, 主语是单数 the volume of foreign waste , 所以此处助动词需用has。
第三部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
Dear fellows,
To arouse students’ awareness of protecting the environment and increase their knowledge concerned, our school will hold “the Environmental Protection Festival”, which is expected to last a month.
During the festival, various activities will be held, like lectures given by experts, visits to chemical factories, an environmental knowledge competition, etc. Moreover, 10 Stars of Environmental Protection will be recommended and awarded.
Only with joint efforts can our festival go smoothly. Join us and take action right now!
第二节(满分25分)
【参考范文】
As I lay beneath the stars I thought about how far we had already traveled. How many unforgettable experiences have we had I turned to look at Wang Wei, who was sleeping at the moment. Along the way no matter what difficulties we meet, she will be brave to rush ahead. In her dream she must still be riding her bike. It’s amazing. The time of day seems to go through four seasons. I was too excited to sleep.
We will reach Dali in Yunnan Province soon, where our cousins Dao Wei and Yu Hang will join us. We can hardly wait to see them! We haven’t seen each other for a long time. I guess the first thing is to eat Yunnan snacks with them when I get there. Then we will plan the road map of our trip there. We love nature and hiking, and we plan to go to Erhai to experience the local flavor. Our country is so vast, and it’s wonderful that I have so many places to see and so much knowledge to learn.
