选择性必修第三册Unit 4单元词汇默写本
Ⅰ. 核心单词
1. ________________________ n. 困境; 逆境
2. ________________________ n. 忍耐力; 耐久力
3. ________________________ n. [pl. ]财物; 动产
4. ________________________ n. 休闲娱乐; 消遣; 游戏
5. ________________________ adj. 悲惨的; 痛苦的; 令人难受的
6. ________________________ adj. 温馨的; 舒适的
7. ________________________ adj. 相当不错的; 正派的; 得体的
8. ________________________ vt. 指派; 布置; 分配
9. ________________________ v. 沉没; 下降; 使下沉; 使沉没
10. ________________________ v. 毁坏; 压毁 n. 拥挤的人群
Ⅱ. 拓展单词
1. persevere v. 坚持→________________________ n. 毅力
2. resolve v. 决定; 决心→________________________ n. 决心; 解决
3. envy v. 嫉妒→________________________ adj. 嫉妒的→________________________ adv. 嫉妒地
4. enthusiastic adj. 热情的 → ________________________ n. 热情
5. fortunate adj. 幸运的 → ________________________ adj. 不幸的→________________________ adv. 幸运地
6. qualify v. 取得资格→________________________ adj. 有资格的→________________________ n. 资格
7. loyal adj. 忠诚的→________________________ n. 忠诚
8. cruel adj. 残忍的 → ________________________ n. 残忍→________________________ adv. 残酷地
9. apply v. 申请→________________________ n. 申请; 申请表; 应用 →________________________ n. 申请者
mit v. 投入; 承诺→________________________ n. 投入→________________________ adj. 坚定的
III.核心短语
1. ________________________ 拒绝某人
2. ________________________ 脾气好的/不好的
3. ________________________ 生火
4. ________________________ 放出(光、热、气味或气体)
5. ________________________ 申请
6. ________________________ 出发; 动身; 使爆炸
7. ________________________ 使某人情绪高涨
8. ________________________ 设法成功做成某事
9. ________________________ 成功
10. ________________________每况愈下
IV.经典句式
1. 句型公式: have been doing 现在完成进行时
This is the adventure that I ________________________.
这是我一直以来梦寐以求的冒险。
2. 句型公式: if it were not for “要不是有……”常用于虚拟语气
________________________, we would all starve.
要不是有海洋里的动物, 我们都会饿死。
3. 句型公式: as引导原因状语从句
We had to be careful not to be out too often, ________________________.
我们要小心不能经常出去因为变化的气温会让我们生病。
参考答案
Ⅰ. 核心单词
1. adversity n. 困境; 逆境
2. endurance n. 忍耐力; 耐久力
3. belongings n. [pl. ]财物; 动产
4. recreation n. 休闲娱乐; 消遣; 游戏
5. miserable adj. 悲惨的; 痛苦的; 令人难受的
6. cosy adj. 温馨的; 舒适的
7. decent adj. 相当不错的; 正派的; 得体的
8. assign vt. 指派; 布置; 分配
9. sink v. 沉没; 下降; 使下沉; 使沉没
10. crush v. 毁坏; 压毁 n. 拥挤的人群
Ⅱ. 拓展单词
1. persevere v. 坚持→perseverance n. 毅力
2. resolve v. 决定; 决心→resolution n. 决心; 解决
3. envy v. 嫉妒→envious adj. 嫉妒的→enviously adv. 嫉妒地
4. enthusiastic adj. 热情的 → enthusiasm n. 热情
5. fortunate adj. 幸运的 → unfortunate adj. 不幸的→fortunately adv. 幸运地
6. qualify v. 取得资格→qualified adj. 有资格的→qualification n. 资格
7. loyal adj. 忠诚的→loyalty n. 忠诚
8. cruel adj. 残忍的 → cruelty n. 残忍→cruelly adv. 残酷地
9. apply v. 申请→application n. 申请; 申请表; 应用 →applicant n. 申请者
mit v. 投入; 承诺→commitment n. 投入→committed adj. 坚定的
III.核心短语
1. turn sb. down 拒绝某人
2. good/bad-tempered 脾气好的/不好的
3. make fire 生火
4. give off 放出(光、热、气味或气体)
5. apply to 申请
6. set off 出发; 动身; 使爆炸
7. keep one’s spirits up 使某人情绪高涨
8. manage to do sth. 设法成功做成某事
9. make it 成功
10. going from bad to worse 每况愈下
IV.经典句式
1. 句型公式: have been doing 现在完成进行时
This is the adventure that I have been dreaming of.
这是我一直以来梦寐以求的冒险。
2. 句型公式: if it were not for “要不是有……”常用于虚拟语气
If it were not for sea animals, we would all starve.
要不是有海洋里的动物, 我们都会饿死。
3. 句型公式: as引导原因状语从句
We had to be careful not to be out too often, as the changing temperature could make us ill.
我们要小心不能经常出去因为变化的气温会让我们生病。选择性必修三 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020·浙江高考)To show the versatility (多面性) of the short play, I have included a __________ (guide) play, a radio play and a television play.
2. (2020·天津高考)__________ (fortunate), curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them.
3. (2020·浙江高考)I am an active playgoer and play-reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my __________ (enthusiastic) for the theater with others.
4. (2019·天津高考) However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a __________ (commit) to something larger than our own little egos(自我), whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept.
5. (2019 天津高考)To many people, technology means computers, hand-held devices, or vehicles that travel to distant planets. However, technology is also the __________ (apply) of scientific knowledge to solve a problem, touching lives in countless ways.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. Occasionally, I ________________________ that was assigned, but I didn’t enjoy this type of reading.
偶尔我也会读布置的小说但我不喜欢这种类型的阅读。
2. Spoiling children may make them have no consciousness about ________________________.
溺爱孩子可能会让他们意识不到自己的自私行为。
3. Please make sure you have ________________________ with you when leaving the plane.
请确保在下飞机前带好你的所有随身物品。
4. ________________________, his heart sank.
听说他儿子没有被理想的大学录取, 他心里一沉。
5. While some people are motivated by a need for success, ________________________.
有些人的动力源于对成功的渴望, 而另一些人则源于害怕失败。
Ⅲ. 微语段填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)
1. He set up a welfare __________ (organize) ten years ago. Now, he has made a great __________ (achieve) and he is also a respectable businessman. We all feel __________ (inspire) by his deeds and __________ (kind).
2. The wealthy man went abroad with the __________ (intend) of trying his fortune, while the poor man __________ (intend) to learn some skills of earning money.
3. The old doctor takes many things into __________ (consider) before making a prescription. His __________ (observe) plays an important part, through which he will make a __________ (connect).
4. To gain an advantage over others in an __________ (argue), you should be respectful and __________ (consider). You also should mind your __________ (behave), your tone and so on. To get enough information about a topic, you should turn to __________ (refer) books.
5. __________ once hit me that I could live __________ quiet life in the rural area. Therefore, I began to consider __________(move) to a small mountain village. __________ I settled down, I started living like an old fairy.
6. You should carry __________ with your hard work. Only in this way can you succeed. You should remember that it is your own effort that __________(determine) your future.
7. __________(tire) and hungry, we finally came to a small village about an old hunter, with whose help we met __________ chance. It is with his help __________ we found our way out of the forest.
8. The scientist has observed the peasants __________(grow) crops in the traditional way. He thinks that it is his duty to argue them __________ believing scientific farming.
IV. 阅读理解
A
Italy and China have agreed to jointly advance the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)(一带一路), which aims to build a trade and infrastructure network to connect Asia with Europe and Africa along ancient trade routes. Italy will use this opportunity to cooperate with China to develop its northern ports and the Invest Italia program, and promote cooperation in all fields.
Despite some skepticism, the BRI has developed into one of the world’s largest cooperation platforms and become a hot public good. More than 120 countries and 29 international organizations have signed agreements with China up to date, bringing all sorts of development opportunities to parties of the BRI, including the construction of Kenya’s first high-speed expressway, the first cross-sea bridge in the Maldives, and the formation of the car industry in Belarus.
The inclusion of Italy into the BRI makes Italy the first G7 country to formally join the Initiative and sets a new milestone in the process of building the Belt and Road.
What makes the BRI unique is that it is an initiative for win-win cooperation rather than zero-sum competition. As everyone knows, the BRI has its origin in the ancient Silk Road trade route that linked China with many places in the world, including the Italian cities of Rome and Venice. Italy is a natural fit for the ambitious project because of its historical connections with China, and also because of the need to be open rather than closed, to cooperate rather than confront. In this fast-changing world, seeking win-win progress is the best path forward for all countries.
In China, it is said that without a big breakthrough in thinking, there will be no big leap in practice; and without a big leap in practice, there will be no great development. A number of Chinese ideas and initiatives have been formed with the goal of building a community of common destiny in mind. Under the BRI, we can expect China to deepen policy coordination, facilities connectivity, free trade, financial integration, and people-to-people bonds.
The revival of China as a great power is a blessing to the world, contributing to the building of a better world.
1. How does the author develop the second paragraph
A. By giving examples.
B. By making comparisons.
C. By reasoning and analyzing.
D. By describing important events.
2. What can we learn from the last but one paragraph
A. China has become a superpower.
B. China puts others’ interests before its own.
C. China has been seeking development for all.
D. China is well-known for its traditional ideas.
3. What does the underlined part “zero-sum competition” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Only one participant will win.
B. None of the participants will win.
C. All participants will gain something.
D. Some participants will win at the cost of others.
4. What is the best title of the passage
A. The revival of China as a great power
B. Construction along ancient trade routes
C. A milestone in building BRI has been set
D. Italy and China reached an agreement on BRI
B
NASA has shown a design for a 3D-printed habitat that could be home for the first humans visiting the Red Planet. It has a double-shell design, to protect the habitable spaces from the natural expansion and contradiction caused by the extreme temperatures swings on Mars. Inside, its functional areas are spread over four levels, with a spiral staircase allowing humans to move around freely.
On the first level there is a wet lab, and a preparation area for astronauts entering and leaving the building. The second level has a dry lab, as well as a kitchen area. The third level functions as a sleeping area, as well as a sanitation pod and a garden area. The fourth level is an exercise and recreation area.
“Architecture on Earth plays a decisive role in the way we live, ” said AI Space Factory, the New York-based team behind the design. “On Mars, this role reaches a higher level of importance since architecture is the machine which keeps us alive. ”
AI Space Factory has been selected as the winner of NASA’s 3D-Printed Habitat Challenge, and awarded the top prize of $500, 000. The competition challenged participants to create shelters out of recyclables and materials that could be found on deep-space destinations, like the Moon and Mars.
AI Space Factory was praised for the way it automated the building process—completing the building with nearly no human assistance in 30 hours. It was also applauded for its biopolymer basalt composite—a biodegradable (可生物降解的) and recyclable material developed from natural materials found on Mars. After passing a series of NASA’s tests, this material was found to be stronger than its concrete competitors.
“It’s light, and it’s strong, like an airplane, ” said Lex Akers from the Caterpillar College of Engineering and Technology at Bradley University, who was one of the competition judges. “That’s going to be very important for these types of habitats. ”
5. What are the first and second paragraphs talking about
A. The features of this 3D-printed habitat.
B. The structure of this 3D-printed habitat.
C. The functions of this 3D-printed habitat.
D. The introduction of this 3D-printed habitat.
6. The underlined words “sanitation pod” in the passage probably mean “______”.
A. Washroom. B. Living room.
C. Dining room. D. Bedroom.
7. Why NASA selected AI Space Factory as the winner
A. It used recyclables.
B. No human assistance.
C. Its material is proper.
D. It passed NASA’s a range of tests.
8. What do you find this 3D-printed habitat
A. It costs a lot.
B. It will come into reality.
C. It is of significance.
D. It arouses people’s interest.
V.七选五
People tend to download Google Earth with the belief that the images are updated live from satellites in space. The reality is that the images captured by the satellites are made available by certain government agencies and some commercial image providers. 1 Although some of the satellite images may be older than a year, they contain a lot of information that can be of great value. 2
3 You can locate specific addresses and monuments in your city. Also you can measure the length between different points as well as the area or radius(半径) of certain structures. You can also create maps with the geospatial data that is available on the program, as well as capture and print high-resolution(分辨率高的) satellite images for free. The integrated movie maker makes it possible for you to record videos of activities.
4 Google Earth features several tools that are easy to use regardless of your technical proficiency level. You can fly over multiple locations on the hemisphere to explore different landscapes, oceans, mountain ranges, canyons, and other geographical elements. You can save tours and destinations which may be viewed at a later time or shared with friends.
5 Google Earth makes it possible for you to track changes within your neighborhood. With the historical imagery feature you can find the level of infrastructural improvements or environmental degradation. You can easily monitor coastal erosion, melting ice caps and the rapid urbanization. You can dive to the bottom of seas and oceans to explore the underwater habitat, view shipwrecks, and marine glacial deposits.
A. It is relatively easy to use.
B. The advantages outweigh the disadvantages.
C. It provides detailed view of different locations.
D. You can download Google Earth at no cost at all.
E. Google Earth is not intended for military purposes.
F. Here are a few reasons why you should have Google Earth on your computer.
G. They are then acquired by Google Earth and uploaded to the image database for public use.
VI. 完形填空
I was walking my dog Snoopy one evening while the last light of the setting sun
1 the clouds purple and pink. I looked up at the sky and smiled. After a minute Snoopy started 2 at her leash(皮带). She was more than ready to head inside for a bowl of dog food and a bacon 3 . I wasn’t quite ready to go in, however, so I 4 her. I was waiting for my friends the Little Blinkers to appear.
It wasn’t long either 5 I saw them switching their lights on and off. They were fireflies, of course, also known as lightning bugs. Over all the years that I have lived here they have never failed to appear at this time during the summer. They have never failed to 6 me. They have never failed to make the world a little brighter. It has always been such a 7 too knowing that such wonderful creatures can shine their own light and make the 8 meadows look like the starry skies above. They make me want to share my own light as well, even if it isn’t that bright and even if it does 9 to blink now and then.
Robert Fulghum wrote, “I know some people who 10 a lot of light. Because they have absorbed a lot of light themselves. They shine. ” I don’t know how much light I have 11 the years, but I do know that I won’t keep it 12 under a basket. I will shine it. I will share it. I will use it to 13 as much goodness, love, joy, and wisdom into this world as I possibly can.
May you always 14 your light as brightly as you can. May you always share it with others as well. Remember that you are not asked to 15 the whole world up. What you need to do is just to make your little corner of it a bit brighter.
1. A. printed B. dyed C. colored D. pictured
2. A. pushing B. pulling C. dragging D. waving
3. A. food B. thing C. treat D. feast
4. A. comforted B. approved C. pleased D. blamed
5. A. unless B. before C. when D. once
6. A. delight B. disappoint C. satisfy D. touch
7. A. chance B. surprise C. curiosity D. joy
8. A. green B. ordinary C. vast D. dark
9. A. intend B. plan C. tend D. manage
10. A. give out B. give off C. give away D. give in
11. A. absorbed B. appealed C. applied D. collected
12. A. stayed B. remained C. changed D. hidden
13. A. cause B. appear C. bring D. require
14. A. hold B. shine C. spread D. offer
15. A. build B. deepen C. light D. brighten
参考答案
Ⅰ. 1. To show the versatility (多面性) of the short play, I have included a guidance (guide) play, a radio play and a television play.
2. Fortunately (fortunate), curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them.
3. I am an active playgoer and play-reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my enthusiasm (enthusiastic) for the theater with others.
4. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment (commit) to something larger than our own little egos(自我), whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept.
5.To many people, technology means computers, hand-held devices, or vehicles that travel to distant planets. However, technology is also the application (apply) of scientific knowledge to solve a problem, touching lives in countless ways.
Ⅱ. 1. Occasionally, I would read a novel that was assigned, but I didn’t enjoy this type of reading.
2. Spoiling children may make them have no consciousness about their selfish behavior.
3. Please make sure you have all your belongings with you when leaving the plane.
4. Hearing that his son was not admitted to the ideal university, his heart sank.
5. While some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure.
Ⅲ. 1. He set up a welfare organization (organize) ten years ago. Now, he has made a great achievement (achieve) and he is also a respectable businessman. We all feel inspired (inspire) by his deeds and kindness (kind).
2. The wealthy man went abroad with the intention (intend) of trying his fortune, while the poor man intended (intend) to learn some skills of earning money.
3. The old doctor takes many things into consideration (consider) before making a prescription. His observation (observe) plays an important part, through which he will make a connection (connect).
4. To gain an advantage over others in an argument (argue), you should be respectful and considerate (consider). You also should mind your behavior (behave), your tone and so on. To get enough information about a topic, you should turn to reference (refer) books.
5. It once hit me that I could live a quiet life in the rural area. Therefore, I began to consider moving(move) to a small mountain village. Once I settled down, I started living like an old fairy.
6. You should carry on with your hard work. Only in this way can you succeed. You should remember that it is your own effort that determines(determine) your future.
7. Tired(tire) and hungry, we finally came to a small village about an old hunter, with whose help we met by chance. It is with his help that we found our way out of the forest.
8. The scientist has observed the peasants grow(grow) crops in the traditional way. He thinks that it is his duty to argue them into believing scientific farming.
IV.
A
【文章大意】本文介绍了中国倡导的“一带一路”给许多国家带来的发展机会和进展情况。
1.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段中More than 120 countries and 29 international organizations have signed agreements with China up to date, bringing all sorts of development opportunities to parties of the BRI, including the construction of Kenya’s first high-speed expressway, the first cross-sea bridge in the Maldives, and the formation of the car industry in Belarus. (迄今为止, 超过120个国家和29个国际组织已经和中国签署了协议, 给“一带一路”倡议国带来了各种发展机会, 包括肯尼亚第一条高速公路的建设、马尔代夫的第一跨海大桥, 白俄罗斯汽车产业的形成)可知, 本段采用举例的方式来说明“一带一路”给倡议国带来的好处。A项符合以上说法。
2.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的A number of Chinese ideas and initiatives have been formed with the goal of building a community of common destiny in mind. Under the BRI, we can expect China to deepen policy coordination, facilities connectivity, free trade, financial integration, and people-to-people bonds. (中国提出的一系列理念和倡议, 都着眼于构建人类命运共同体。在“一带一路”框架下, 我们可以期待中国深化政策协调、设施联通、自由贸易、金融融合、民心相同)可知, 中国一直致力于人类共同体的发展。C项符合以上说法。
3.【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据画线部分所在句子What makes the BRI unique is that it is an initiative for win-win cooperation rather than zero-sum competition. 可知, “一带一路”的独特之处在于, 它是一个双赢的合作, 而非zero-sum competition。由句意可知, 上下文是转折关系, 由此推测画线部分的意思是“单方面获利”。 D. Some participants will win at the cost of others. (一些参与者以牺牲他方为代价获得利益)符合以上说法。
4.【解析】选D。标题归纳题。根据文章的主要内容, 尤其是第一段的Italy and China have agreed to jointly advance the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)可知, 本文主要讲述意大利和中国已经同意共同推动“一带一路”的建设。故D. Italy and China reached an agreement on BRI(意大利和中国就“一带一路”达成协议)可以作为本文标题。
B
【文章大意】本文介绍由3D打印机为宇航员打印出的栖息地通过了美国宇航局的测试。
5.【解析】选D。段落大意题。根据第一段中的“a 3D-printed habitat that could be home for the first humans visiting the Red Planet. It has a double-shell design. . . Inside, its functional areas are spread over four levels”和第二段中的“On the first level. . . The second level. . . The third level. . . The fourth level. . . ”可知, 第一、二段主要是对这个3D打印的栖息地的介绍。
6.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据第二段可知, 在第一层有一个潮湿的实验室和宇航员进出大楼的准备区。第二层有一个干燥的实验室, 还有一个厨房区域。第三层是一个睡眠区, 还有一个卫生舱和一个花园区。第四层是锻炼和娱乐区。上文已提到kitchen area , sleeping area, 所以画线词sanitation pod指洗手间。
7.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“After passing a series of NASA’s tests, this material was found to be stronger than its concrete competitors. ”可知, 美国宇航局选择人工智能太空工厂作为赢家, 因为它通过了美国宇航局的一系列测试。
8.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It’s light, and it’s strong, like an airplane. . . That’s going to be very important for these types of habitats. ”可知, 它很轻, 而且很结实, 就像一架飞机, 这对这些栖息地非常重要。由此可推知, 这个3D打印的栖息地意义重大。
V.【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。本文讲述了Google Earth的图像并不是从太空卫星上实时更新的, 而是由某些政府机构和一些商业图像提供商提供, 但它仍具有一定优点, 并且本文介绍了下载Google Earth三个方面的优点。
1. 【解析】选G。上文The reality is that the images captured by the satellites are made available by certain government agencies and some commercial image providers. (实际情况是, 卫星拍摄的图像由某些政府机构和一些商业图像提供商提供) 与G. They are then acquired by Google Earth and uploaded to the image database for public use. (它们随后被谷歌地图收购并上传到图像数据库供公众使用)承接自然, 上下文是并列关系, image是关键词。
2. 【解析】选F。根据下文陈述的几个下载谷歌地图的优点可知, 此处应选择一个能开启下文的句子, F. Here are a few reasons why you should have Google Earth on your computer. (这里是一些你为什么应该在你的电脑上安装谷歌地图的原因)可以放在此处开启下文。
3. 【解析】选D。根据下文的You can also create maps with the geospatial data that is available on the program, as well as capture and print high-resolution satellite images for free. ( 你还可以使用程序中提供的地理空间数据创建地图, 以及免费捕获和打印高分辨率卫星图像)可知, 本段主要讲述可以免费下载谷歌地图。D. You can download Google Earth at no cost at all. (你可以免费下载谷歌地图)可以作为本段中心句, for free和at no cost at all是关键词。
4. 【解析】选A。根据下文的Google Earth features several tools that are easy to use regardless of your technical proficiency level. ( Google Earth有几种工具, 无论你的技术熟练程度如何, 都易于使用)可知, 本段主要讲述谷歌地图易于使用。A. It is relatively easy to use. (它相对容易使用)可以作为本段中心句, easy to use是关键词。
5. 【解析】选C。根据下文Google Earth makes it possible for you to track changes within your neighborhood. With the historical imagery feature, you can find the level of infrastructural improvements or environmental degradation. (Google Earth使你能够跟踪你附近地区的变化。通过历史图像功能, 你可以找到基础设施改善或环境退化的程度)可知, 本段主要讲述谷歌地球可以提供具体的视图, C. It provides detailed view of different locations. (它提供不同位置的细节视图)可以作为本段中心句。
VI. 【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。一天晚上作者出去遛狗, 夜空下看到一闪一闪的萤火虫, 联想到人也应该跟萤火虫一样, 为他人、为世界散发自己的光芒。
1.【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 一天晚上, 我在遛我的狗史努比的时候, 夕阳的余晖把云渲染成了紫色和粉红色。printed打印, 印刷; dyed 用(颜料等)给……染色; colored 渲染, 染色; pictured绘画, 描写。根据空格后“the clouds purple and pink”可知, 句中形象地比喻夕阳照耀云朵, 就像给它渲染了(colored)颜色一样。
2.【解析】选B。考查动名词词义辨析。句意: 过了一会儿, 史努比开始拉她的皮带。 pushing压, 推; pulling拉; dragging拖; waving挥手。根据下一句提到史努比迫不及待想吃食物可知, 史努比开始拉(pulling)她的皮带进屋去找食物。
3.【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 她迫不及待进屋去吃一碗狗粮和熏肉零食。 food食物; thing事情, 东西; treat款待, 小零食; feast盛宴。分析语境可知, 史努比想要吃食物和熏肉, 此处的熏肉是小零食(treat)。
4.【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 不过, 我还没准备好进去, 所以我安慰了她。 comforted安慰; approved赞成, 批准; pleased使高兴; blamed责备。文中的“我”自己还没有准备好, 所以安慰(comforted)史努比, 让它别着急。
5.【解析】选B。考查连词词义辨析。句意: 也没过多久, 我就看到它们一闪一闪地发光。unless除非; before在……以前; when当……时候; once曾经。根据上文可知, 文中的我傍晚带史努比出去, 过了不多会儿(it wasn’t long before. . . ), 天黑了, 我看到了萤火虫发光。
6.【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 它们总是让我高兴。delight 使高兴, 取悦; disappoint使失望; satisfy使满足; touch接触, 感动。根据下一句“They have never failed to make the world a little brighter(它们总是能让世界变得更加光明)”可知, 萤火虫发光照亮黑暗, 使人高兴(delight)。
7.【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 如此奇妙的生物能发出自己的光芒, 使黑暗的草地看起来像繁星点点的天空, 这一直是一件令人愉快的事。 chance机会; surprise惊讶; curiosity好奇; joy愉快, 欣喜。根据语境, 作者感动于小萤火虫发光照亮黑暗, 认为这是一件令人愉快(joy)的事情。
8.【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 如此奇妙的生物能发出自己的光芒, 使黑暗的草地看起来像繁星点点的天空, 这一直是一件令人欣喜的事。green绿色的; ordinary普通的; vast辽阔的; dark黑暗的。根据上文可知, 文中我晚上出去遛狗, 夜空下草地是黑暗的(dark)。
9.【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 它们也使我想分享自己的光, 即使它不是那么亮, 即使它往往也会眨一眨。intend打算; plan计划; tend往往, 趋向; manage管理。根据语境, 形象地比喻自己的光往往(tend)不是很亮, 就像萤火虫的光一样。
10.【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意: 罗伯特·富尔格姆写道: “我认识一些人, 他们会释放很多光芒。” give out散发; give off释放; give away赠送; give in屈服。分析语境可知, 作者由萤火虫在黑暗中发光, 联想到了人, 形象地比喻有些人默默为他人提供帮助, 释放(give off)自己的光芒。
11.【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 我不知道这些年我吸收了多少光, 但我知道我不会把它藏在篮子里。absorbed吸收; appealed上诉, 申诉; applied申请, 应用; collected收集。分析语境可知, 文中的我由萤火虫在黑暗中发光, 联想到自己接受别人的很多帮助, 就像吸收(absorbed)了别人的光芒一样, 且上文的they have aborbed a lot of light themselves也有暗示。
12.【解析】选D。考查过去分词词义辨析。句意: 我不知道这些年我吸收了多少光, 但我知道我不会把它藏在篮子里。stayed停留; remained保持; changed改变; hidden隐藏的。根据上一段中“They make me want to share my own light(它们使我想分享自己的光)”可知, 文中的我不想隐藏(hidden), 而是想分享自己的光芒。
13.【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。 句意: 我会用它尽我所能把善良、爱、欢乐和智慧带给这个世界。cause引起; appear出现; bring带来; require需要。根据语境, 萤火虫发光给黑暗带来了一丝光明, 文中的我联想到自己, 形象地表达自己也要像萤火虫一样, 给世界带来(bring)善良、爱、欢乐和智慧。
14.【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 愿你一直尽你所能闪耀光芒。 hold抓住; shine发光, 照亮; spread传播, 散布; offer主动提出, 报价。根据第三段中“I will shine it. I will share it. (我会让它发光, 我会分享它)”可知, 此处要表达“发光(shine)”。
15.【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 记住, 你不是被要求去照亮整个世界的。build建造; deepen加深; light点亮; brighten照亮。 根据下一句“What you need to do is just to make your little corner of it a bit brighter(你需要做的只是让你的小角落更明亮一点)”, 可知, 句意表达的是, 你不是被要求照亮(brighten)整个世界。(共44张PPT)
选修性必修三 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. application n. 申请; 应用; 申请表
【典型例句】 If you want to apply for membership, you are requested to fill in the application.
如果你想申请成为队员, 你需要填申请表。
【词块必记】
(1)application意为“应用程序”时, 可以缩写成app.
an application form 申请表
an application for. . . ……的申请
(2)apply (to. . . ) for. . . (向……)申请……
apply to. . . 适用于……
apply. . . to. . . 把……应用到……
apply oneself (to doing sth. ) 专心致志(做某事)
(3)applicant n. 申请人
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①I’m writing with the purpose of ________(apply) for being a volunteer in Chinese
painting exhibition.
②After 5 years in the US he has finally decided _______(apply) for American
citizenship.
③All the _________ can _____ in person or by letter and at the same time should
hand in their ___________ before May 6th. (apply)
applying
to apply
applicants
apply
applications
【典句赏析】
If you are interested, please send an application email at your earliest convenience.
如果你感兴趣, 请尽早发申请邮件。
2. fortunate adj. 幸运的
【典型例句】
I was fortunate in having a good teacher.
我很幸运, 有位好老师。
【词块必记】
(1)be fortunate to do sth. 幸运做某事
be fortunate in having sth. 很幸运拥有某物
(2)fortunately adv. 幸运地
(3)fortune n. 财产; 大笔的钱; 机会; 运气
seek one’s fortune 找出路; 碰运气
make a fortune 发财
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①___________(fortunate), someone who happened to be passing by called the fire
department instantly the fire broke out.
②Tom is often ________. Last year he went to Shanghai to try his _______.
(fortunate)
Fortunately
fortunate
fortune
完成句子
③I have ____________________________________ of the world as a lecturer.
我很幸运, 去过世界许多地方做演讲。
④He ___________________in the London property boom.
他在伦敦房产升温的时候发了一笔小财。
been fortunate enough to visit many parts
made a small fortune
3. selfish adj. 自私的
【典型例句】
In that sense, I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit. 在这层意义上我很肯定志愿服务要比我愿意承认的自私得多。
【词块必记】
(1)it is selfish to do sth. 做某事是自私的
(2)self n. 自我; 自身
(3)selfless adj. 无私的; 忘我的
(4)selflessly adv. 无私地; 忘我地
(5)selfishness n. 自私
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①In addition, you should show respect for all the teachers who ________(self) help
you gain much knowledge.
②It is shameful to break school rules, to be ______(self) or to make little effort to
achieve progress.
③Otherwise, we’ll have to answer for our _________(self) sooner or later.
selflessly
selfish
selfishness
【典句赏析】
First of all, you need to overcome your selfishness.
你首先要改掉你的自私。
4. enthusiastic adj. 热情的
【典型例句】
I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child.
我一直是个热情的读者, 当我还是个孩子的时候有时能一天读三本书。
【词块必记】
(1)enthusiastic about sth. 对某事充满热情
(2)enthusiasm n. 热情
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city to be
cheered by their ___________(enthusiasm) supporters.
②The talk had fired her with __________(enthusiastic) for the project.
enthusiastic
enthusiasm
【典句赏析】 I’m sure that it will interest you, for you have been enthusiastic about ping-pong.
我肯定这会使你感兴趣, 因为你一直热衷于乒乓球运动。
Ⅱ. 核心短语
5. give off 放出(光、热、气味或气体)
【典型例句】
The flowers gave off a fragrant perfume.
花朵散发出芳香。
【词块必记】
give in 屈服; 投降; 让步; 上交
give in to sb. 向某人屈服
give away 赠送; 泄露; 出卖
give back 归还
give out 分发; 用完, 消耗尽, 精疲力竭
give up 放弃, 戒掉
【知识微练】 用give相关短语填空
①The famous person _________most of his fortune to the charity after his death.
②The children were required to ______their examination papers immediately.
③The rotting bananas are _________a bad smell, so you’d better throw them away.
④At the beginning, learning English seemed so difficult that I wanted to _______
without even trying.
⑤After two days our food ________, and we had to return.
gave away
give in
giving off
give up
gave out
Ⅲ. 经典句式
6. With the gentle music, soft lights, and comfortable sofas, this café is everything you need after a tiring day.
柔和的音乐, 柔和的灯光, 舒适的沙发, 这个咖啡馆是您疲惫的一天后所需要的一切。
【句型公式】
句中with+n. 作状语。 “with +复合宾语”常常在句中作原因状语或伴随状语。
(1)With the door open, the noise of the machine is almost deafening. 由于门开着, 机器的噪音几乎震耳欲聋。(with +n. +adj. )
(2)I can’t go to sleep with the light on.
灯亮着, 我无法入睡。(with +n. +adv. )
(3)With so much work to do, I can not spare a minute.
有这么多工作要做, 我一分钟也挤不出来。(with +n. + to do)
(4)With so many kids talking and laughing, I could not settle down to my work.
这么多孩子又说又笑, 我无法静下心来工作。(with +n. + doing)
(5)With all his attention fixed on the book, he did not notice when I came in.
他将所有注意力都集中在这本书上, 我进来时他没有注意到。(with +n. + done)
【知识微练】 完成句子(用with 的复合结构)
①_________________, I gradually understand my father’s words.
随着时间的流逝, 我逐渐明白了父亲的话。
②I sat in my room for a few minutes ____________________________.
我在房间坐了一会儿, 眼睛盯着天花板。
With time going by
with my eyes fixed on the ceiling
③_____________________, he wasn’t allowed to go out.
有很多工作要做, 他没有被允许外出。
④It seemed that everything returned to normal ________________________.
However, the air in the room was still charged with tension. The two kids hugged
their mother with their little bodies shivering lightly.
蛇被抓后一切仿佛恢复了正常。然而房间里的气氛还是很紧张。这两个孩子
抱住他们的妈妈, 身体还在微微颤抖。
With a lot of work to do
with the snake being caught
【典句赏析】
With an important class meeting to attend, I can’t accompany you to the book store.
因为要参加一个重要的班会, 我不能陪你去书店了。
【补充要点】
1. belongings n. 财产; 所有物; 相关事物
【典型例句】
Please ensure that you have your own insurance for your personal belongings as they take no responsibility for any theft or damage to personal belongings. 请确保你个人财产的安全因为任何盗窃或个人财产的损失他们概不负责。
【词块必记】
belong to 属于; 归属; 为……的一员(无被动语态和进行时态)
【知识拓展】 不能用于进行时态和被动语态的还包括:
date back to/date from 追溯到
consist of 包括
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①After getting off, please check whether your __________(belong) are left on the
drifting boat.
②As is known to us, China is a country _________(belong) to the Third World.
完成句子
③Professor Williams keeps telling his students that _____________________
____________.
威廉姆斯教授一直告诫他的学生们说未来是属于受过良好教育的人的。
belongings
belonging
the future belongs to the
well-educated
2. make fire 生火
【典型例句】 He knew how to make fire, and got food from gathering, hunting and fishing.
他已懂得人工取火, 靠采集、打猎、捕鱼获得食物。
【词块必记】
make it 成功
make sense 有意义; 有道理; 讲得通
make a list of 列清单
make sure 确保
make an appointment 约会; 预约
make a difference 有影响; 产生差别
make a mistake 犯错
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①It _____(make) sense to work on the problem when he was in charge of the
company.
made
完成句子
②In no sense should you lose heart; keep trying and you will _______________
____.
无论如何都不要失去信心, 坚持下去, 你迟早会成功的。
make it sooner or
later
③If you don’t have enough time available but don’t want to leave out any attractions,
I suggest that you ____________ what you want to see.
如果你没有足够的时间但又不想遗漏任何景点, 我建议你列出你想看的地方的
清单。
④Luckily my teacher sensed my problem, telling me that every small thing can
___________________.
幸运的是, 老师觉察到我的问题, 告诉我每一件小事情也能带来很大的不同。
make a list of
make a big difference
IV.话题写作
阅读下面的短文, 根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Recently, a professor of philosophy in the United States has written a book called Money and the Meaning of Life. He has discovered that how we deal with money in our day-to-day life has more meaning than we usually think. One of the things he asks his students to do is to keep a record of every penny they spend for a week. From the way they spend their money, they often see what they really value in life.
He says our relation with others often becomes clearly defined when money enters the picture. You might have wonderful friendship with somebody and you think that you are very good friends. But you will know him only when you ask him to lend you some money. If he does, it brings something to the relationship that seems stronger than ever before. Or it can suddenly weaken the relationship if he doesn’t. This person may say that he has a certain feeling, but if it is not carried out in the money world, there is something less real about it.
Since money is so important to us, we consider those who possess a lot of it to be very important. The author interviewed some millionaires in researching his book.
Answer: The most surprising thing is why people give me so much respect. I am nothing. I don’t know much. All I am is rich.
People just have an idea of making more and more money, but what is it for How much do I need for any given purposes in my life In his book, the professor uncovered an important need in modern society: to bring back the idea that money is an instrument rather than the end. Money plays an important role in the material world, but expecting money to give happiness may be missing the meaning of life.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Step 1 写作技巧
1. 通读全文, 确定体裁, 明确主题
体裁: 议论文
主题: 钱和生活的意义
2. 定位主题句和关键词, 变换表达方式(句式转换)
①Recently, a professor of philosophy in the United States has written a book called
Money and the Meaning of Life. He has discovered that how we deal with money
in our day-to-day life has more meaning than we usually think.
→A US professor has found out __________________________________________
_____. (简单句)
the relationship between money and the meaning
of life
②Since money is so important to us, we consider those who possess a lot of it to be
very important.
→Money is generally considered very important. (被动句表达)
③Answer: The most surprising thing is why people give me so much respect. I am
nothing. I don’t know much. All I am is rich.
→ A millionaire doesn’t feel he is very important, ___________________________
______________________. (连接成为复合句)
because he thinks he is nothing
except that he has money
④In his book, the professor uncovered an important need in modern society: to
bring back the idea that money is an instrument rather than the end. Money plays
an important role in the material world, but expecting money to give happiness
may be missing the meaning of life.
→The professor’s findings reveal ___________________________________, and
money is not equal to happiness. (宾语从句)
that money is a tool rather than the goal
Step 2 妙笔成篇
A US professor has found out the relationship between money and the meaning of life. Some people think friendship and good relationship depend on whether you have money and whether you are generous. Money is generally considered very important, but a millionaire doesn’t feel he is very important, because he thinks he is nothing except that he has money. The professor’s findings reveal that money is a tool rather than the goal, and money is not equal to happiness.选择性必修第三册Unit 4综合能力检测
第一部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Sledding in the Forest Preserves
One of the benefits of winter in Cook County is zooming down the gently sloping hills in the forest. Another benefit Four locations have lights on the hill, so you can keep the sledding fun going despite the early sunsets. The four forest hills are open until 7: 30 or 8: 30 p. m. and, of course, if there’s enough snow. Please note you cannot bring your own sled. Sledding rentals are $15 for a half day, $25 for the full day. There is no additional charge for use of the sloping hills. Check site for contact numbers and snow conditions. http: //fpdcc. com/things-to-do/sledding
Bobby Hull Community Ice Rink
The area near West Community has one of the biggest wintertime draws for families who want to hit the ice. Cicero’s outdoor rink offers a range of frozen fun, including skating lessons, open skates and the chance to practice skills. Visit the rink’s Facebook page for schedule details. Bobby Hull Community Ice Rink, 3400S. 53rd Ave, Cicero. $12 for open skates, $3 for skate rental; cash only. http: ///bobbyhullcommunityicerink
Mount Hoy Snow Tubing
The trip down Mount Hoy is a lively one: 800 feet from top to bottom. And as long as it’s covered in three or more inches of snow, you’ re welcome to rent a tube and zoom down. The hill is open 10 a. m. till 4 p. m. weekends and holidays through Feb. 23; tube rentals end at 3: 30 p. m. At Blackwell Forest Preserve, Butterfield Road between Winfield Road and Route 59, Warrenville. Admission is free, but personal tubes are not allowed. $ 10 rental per tube. https: ///y9nox4et
Winter Wonderland and Ice Rink
Haven’t gotten your fill of the brisk cold hitting your face as you practice your double salchows and triple lutzes on the ice Don’t worry! The Village of Orland Park’s rink is open seven days a week, starting at 4 p. m. on weekdays and noon on weekends. The rink offers free helmet rentals, plus a warming house for those who prefer to cheer from the sidelines. Winter Wonderland Ice Rink, 15600 West Avenue and Fun Drive, Orland Park. Admission: $20 Adult, $15 Student 5—17; $3 for skate rental. http: //orlandpark. org/services/parks/ice-rink
1. Which website will you visit, if you want to take ice skating lessons
A. https: ///y9nox4et
B. http: //fpdcc. com/things to-do/sledding
C. http: //orlandpark. org/services/parks/ice-rink
D. http: ///
bobbyhullcommunityicerink
2. Which could you choose, if you had $10
A. Mount Hoy Snow Tubing.
B. Sledding in the Forest Preserves.
C. Bobby Hull Community Ice Rink.
D. Winter Wonderland and Ice Rink.
3. Which of the following statements is True
A. The opening hours are 10 a. m. to 4 p. m. every day till Feb. 23 at Mount Hoy.
B. Bobby Hull Community Ice Rink is an attraction near West Community.
C. No warming house is available at the Village of Orland Park’s rink.
D. There is always enough snow for sledding in the forest preserves.
B
Despite the fact that motherhood has not been easy, Maxi Aubi believes that her son, Gianluca, has taught her much.
Gianluca was born 13 years ago with Angelman Syndrome(天使综合症), a genetic disease. Maxi was never afraid about the fact that she did not know what this condition was about. She had to get out there and face the music. “When he was a newborn baby, he used to cry all day long. He wouldn’t eat or sleep. It was an endless cycle. We ran some tests and doctors told us his progress depended on us. But it was clear that something was wrong with him. So we visited several doctors and ran some other tests until he was five, ” she explains.
Despite all of this, Maxi designed a treatment plan for Gianluca. It did not matter what he was suffering from; she believed love was the “medicine” that could cure him. She formed a group of ten people of different ages outside her family who were willing to help Gianluca’s development. These people would come to her house in shifts from 9 AM to 7 PM with only one goal: to show Gianluca that he could achieve whatever he wanted. “We started encouraging him with games. During those two or three years, he learnt how to walk and he made huge progress, ” she remembers.
Learning about her child’s diagnosis(诊断) was a starting point for Maxi. To help relieve the pain of parents whose children suffered from the same condition, she created the Association for Parents coping with Angelman Syndrome which currently has about a hundred families. Living with these children is very enriching. This is why the association is not only working to provide support and guidance for the families of children with this condition; it also wants to tell people that they can also learn from these children. “We want them to come and experience what we learnt from our children, ” she says.
4. What does the underlined phrase “face the music” in the second paragraph probably mean
A. Enjoy the music.
B. Accept the situation.
C. Finish one’s work.
D. Share the burden.
5. How did Maxi Aubi react to her son’s illness
A. She was afraid.
B. She felt helpless.
C. She cried a lot about her son’s suffering.
D. She made a treatment plan for her son.
6. The ten people in the group ________.
A. visited Maxi’s house to look after Gianluca in turn
B. were Maxi’s relatives and friends
C. helped Gianluca to design a study plan
D. were doctors contributing to the treatment of rare diseases
7. What can we learn about Gianluca from the text
A. He complained his mother a lot about Angelman Syndrome.
B. He liked playing games with people.
C. He made great progress because of love.
D. He ate and slept well when he was a baby.
C
Food brings us together and connects us to our families, friends, nature and to foreign cultures. Food is universal. Food waste, on the other hand, has become a universal problem, as it significantly contributes to climate change. Luckily, there are countries that have laws to require supermarkets or other businesses to donate unsold food.
About one third of all food grown for human consumption is thrown out or wasted according to the Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO). This creates both environmental and financial problems, since traditional agriculture requires large amounts of resources including land and water. Food production is also a major cause of greenhouse gases and climate change.
Food waste occurs at every step of food production from the field to the store. In fact, fruits, vegetables, and roots have the highest waste. Donating food that is unusually wasted does not mean giving away damaged food. Sometimes it is simply a case of food being mislabeled, a can that has a torn label, or slightly bruised fruit.
To reduce both the financial and environmental pressure, Italy passed a law to encourage businesses and farmers to donate unsold food to panies that donate their leftovers will pay lower taxes on waste removal.
Waste management is also a very costly thing for governments. In fact, according to Global Citizen, in 2016, Italy spent over $13. 3 billion on waste management. The idea behind the law is that when it is economic and convenient, companies will happily follow the law.
France was the first country to pass a food donation law in 2016. It required supermarkets that are at least 4, 300 square feet to donate unsold food to charity. Since then, 90 percent of supermarkets began donating food, the number of which was 66 percent before the law.
To increase food donations, Israel passed a law in 2018 to ensure that unused food from restaurants, hotels and other places goes to the people that need it most.
8. What does Paragraph 2 focus on
A. FAO’s guidelines.
B. Human eating diets.
C. Global climate change.
D. Food waste problems.
9. What is most likely to be given away according to the law
A. Heavily broken canned food.
B. Unhealthy vegetables.
C. Slightly bruised fruit.
D. Damaged food.
10. What benefit will the Italian government get from the law
A. It will sell donated food to make money.
B. It will ask companies to pay higher taxes.
C. It will save money on waste management.
D. It will attract more international companies.
11. What is known about the food donation law
A. It seems difficult to pass in Israel.
B. It takes effect gradually in France.
C. It is just applied in supermarkets.
D. It is an unsuccessful try in France.
D
A new study, published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology, found that communication that included voice, like a phone call or video chat, created stronger social bonds than communication through typing, like text messaging or email.
In the study, researchers used various experiments to measure connectedness. In one, they asked 200 people to make predictions about what it would be like to reconnect with an old friend by email or by phone and then asked people at random (随机地) to do one or the other. Although people expected that a phone call would be more awkward, hearing someone’s voice actually made the experience better.
“People reported they did form a significantly stronger bond with their old friend on the phone than by email, and they did not feel more awkward, ” study co-author Amit Kumar, an assistant professor of marketing at the McCombs School of Business, said in a statement.
In another experiment, the researchers had strangers connect by either texting, talking over video chat, or talking using only audio. They found that both forms of voice communication—whether video or audio only—made the strangers feel significantly more connected than when they communicated by texting.
Sabrina Romanoff, a Harvard trained clinical psychologist based in New York City, says people tend to text or email instead of calling because of convenience, as they see it as a controlled form of communication where they can “exchange information exactly in the way they intend without unexpected additions by the other person. ”
Romanoff says that in reality, texting can make it hard to determine the true meaning behind a conversation. “A phone call is actually more convenient when considering the exact effects of the message, ” she explains. “Each party is more present, and therefore, able to measure the meaning behind the content without reflecting on the endless possible meanings behind words. ”
12. How was the study carried out
A. By analyzing data.
B. By interviewing experts.
C. By doing experiments.
D. By doing online research.
13. What did people expect before making a phone call in the experiment
A. Email would help them form a stronger bond.
B. Hearing someone’s voice would be awkward.
C. A stronger bond would be formed on the phone.
D. Hearing someone’s voice made the experience better.
14. What can we infer from the last two paragraphs
A. Texting helps to exchange information exactly.
B. Calling makes it easier to get the exact message.
C. Romanoff doesn’t agree with the result of the study.
D. People can keep the message under control by texting.
15. What is the best title of the text
A. Reasons for calling instead of texting
B. Convenience of making a phone call
C. Differences between calling and texting
D. Introduction to the result of a new study
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
“Click! ” That’s the sound of a seat belt locking in place. 16 So I don’t drive anywhere until I wear it. Choosing to wear your seat belt is as simple as choosing between life and death. Which one do you choose
Think about it. When you are driving in a car, you may be going at 60 MPH or faster. Then somebody ahead of you locks up his or her brakes. Your car, which was going 60 MPH, has now suddenly stopped. Your body, however, is still going 60 MPH. 17 Will it be the windshield or your seat belt I choose the seat belt.
18 They think that seat belts don’t allow them much space to move freely in the car. To them, what’s more uncomfortable Wearing a seat belt or flying through a windshield
Let’s just take a closer look at your choices. If you are not wearing your seat belt, you can hop around the car and slide in and out of your seat easily. You are more likely to die or suffer serious injuries. 19 That means you are more likely to walk away unharmed from a car accident.
Wearing a seat belt does not always ensure your safety. You can still get hurt or killed while wearing a seat belt. 20 You are much less likely to get seriously injured or killed in a car accident. So why not take a safer way
A. What’s going to stop your body
B. Seat belts save lives and that’s a fact.
C. Some people forget to wear seat belts.
D. Some people think seat belts are uncomfortable.
E. If you are wearing a seat belt, you have to stay in your seat.
F. If you don’t wear a seat belt, the police will give you a ticket.
G. But wearing them has proven to be safer than driving without them.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Success is the ability to go from one failure to another with no loss of enthusiasm. Sixth-grader Jamaria Crump has already set an example. It took her one year to perfect her 21 lemonade recipe along with some desserts that made her business, LemonTopia, a 22 . And what is even more amazing is that, with some help from her 23 , Jamaria built LemonTopia herself.
“She had 24 for a lemonade stand for a year before I let her do it, ” said her mom, Jasmine Hall. When Jamaria’s previous school announced a bake sale, it was the perfect 25 . But the school told her she had to offer baked food 26 lemonade. So Jamaria added cookies and cheesecake. After the bake sale, she kept 27 at school and community events.
“It continued in different places 28 she served a party at the city hall, ” Jasmine said. “We made a fortune at the party. ” And with that money, Jamaria 29 her mother for working at the stand. “She’s a kid. so sometimes she wants to 30 , such as going to the concert, ” Jasmine said. “If I have to 31 for her, she will offer me money hourly. ” The market manager said, “Jamaria’s drinks and snacks are the special, cheerful presence in the market. ” 32 , the market is competitive so Jamaria has to 33 ways to drum up business. Fortunately, she has always shown her 34 as she developed lemonade with new flavors.
“I’m very 35 of my daughter for sticking with it, ” said Jasmine.
21. A. complex B. expensive C. unique D. familiar
22. A. hit B. joke C. record D. test
23. A. dad B. mom C. friends D. classmates
24. A. applied B. looked C. acted D. begged
25. A. challenge B. phenomenon C. opportunity D. achievement
26. A. in spite of B. in memory of C. in place of D. in addition to
27. A. selling B. wandering C. exhibiting D. advertising
28. A. when B. until C. unless D. after
29. A. praised B. pleased C. paid D. persuaded
30. A. study B. succeed C. play D. work
31. A. fill in B. give in C. take in D. cut in
32. A. Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. Besides
33. A. put up with B. catch up with C. make up with D. come up with
34. A. decision B. choice C. enthusiasm D. expectation
35. A. fond B. ashamed C. aware D. proud
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s most sophisticated and challenging space adventure—the Chang’e 5 robotic lunar mission—ended successfully early Thursday morning with its load of rocks and dust from the moon 36. __________(land) on the grasslands in northern China.
The recovery team will make initial processing of the capsule and then use a plane to transport it to Beijing, 37. __________ it will be opened for 38. __________(technique) to remove the container holding 2 kg of lunar samples from a 39. __________(previous) unvisited area known as “Ocean of Storms”, the China National Space administration said.
Next, the sealed samples will be transferred to specially 40. __________(design) laboratories for analyses, experiments and tests so scientists can determine the extraterrestrial(地球以外的) substances’ composition, structure and traits. This can 41. __________(deep) their knowledge about the history of the moon and the solar system. 42. __________ those scientific objectives, project planners also want the mission to help to foster the country’s knowledge, technology and talent pool for its future manned lunar missions and other deep-space expeditions. Therefore, 43. __________ certain proportion of the samples will also be on public display to enhance science 44. __________(aware) among the public, especially young generations.
The successful landing marked the completion of the historic 23-day Chang’e 5 expedition, the first in more than 40 years 45. __________(bring) lunar samples back to Earth, also making China the third country to achieve this feat after the United States and the former Soviet Union.
第三部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
你校响应国家号召, 开展了“厉行节约, 反对浪费”的活动, 崇尚节俭在校园内已蔚然成风。请你就此活动的背景、内容和影响, 为校英文报写一篇报道。
注意:
1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 题目已为你写好。
参考词汇: 厉行节约, 反对浪费practice strict economy and combat waste
New Fashion in Our School
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was packed and ready to go skiing for the first time. It felt like I was about to take an adventure with the world at my feet. Feeling empowered, I knew something brilliant was going to come out of the trip. I was more than excited at the thought of spending an entire week with my best friend, Lindsay, hanging out and enjoying winter.
Early Monday morning my youth group boarded our bus for the ski trip. Once at the destination, we saw the skiers floating so easily and gracefully down the slopes. By the time I got my skis and boots, I was confident I’d be a fantastic skier. During the lessons, I mastered the art of skiing within 30 minutes. After spending most of the time practicing again and again on the run for beginners, we were able to fly down the hill by the end of the day. In the evening, we all felt extremely plaining about the pain our ski boots had caused, Lindsay and I decided we weren’t skiing the next day. Well, of course, our friends wouldn’t hear of that.
So, the next morning we found ourselves in line for the ski lift, which wound its way up the high mountain. Lindsay and I stared helplessly at each other, our eyes showing nothing but fear. After I got into the lift, I sat totally still on the chair with my eyes closely shut, not daring to look outside. The lift rose so fast that before I knew it, I had floated up the mountain. When I finally opened my eyes, I found myself at the top in one piece. Thank goodness I was still alive!
Standing at the top of the long slope, with the skis pointing downward, I realized I was shaking. I glanced at Lindsay and found that she was scared too, for her poles kept tapping rapidly against the sides of her boots.
Taking a deep breath and gathering all our courage, we gave each other an encouraging nod and both took off. At first I barely moved, but slowly I allowed myself to gain some speed. Soon I was shooting down the mountain with my heart beating wildly.
注意: 续写词数应为150左右。
Then a sharp turning suddenly came into view.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I was on the point of crying when I felt a hand on my shoulder.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
第一部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四个适合冬季旅游的景点。
1.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Cicero’s outdoor rink offers a range of frozen fun, including skating lessons, open skates and the chance to practice skills. ”可知, 鲍比赫尔社区溜冰场提供滑冰课程, 再结合文段最后网址“http: ///bobbyhullcommunityicerink”。故选D。
2. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Admission is free, but personal tubes are not allowed. $ 10 rental per tube. ”可知, 有10美元可以选择去Mount Hoy Snow Tubing活动。故选A。
3. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The area near West Community has one of the biggest wintertime draws for families who want to hit the ice. ”及标题“Bobby Hull Community Ice Rink”可知, Bobby Hull社区溜冰场是西区附近的一个景点。故选B。
B
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。吉安卢卡天生患有天使综合症, 母亲为他制定了治疗计划。在大家的爱护下, 他取得了很大进步。
4. 【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句“Maxi was never afraid about the fact that she did not know what this condition was about. ”可知, 此处是指她可以勇敢地接受事实。故选B。
5.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Despite all of this, Maxi designed a treatment plan for Gianluca. ”可知, 马克西面对儿子的病情为他制定了一个治疗方案。故选D。
6. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段第四句“These people would come to her house in shifts from 9 AM to 7 PM with only one goal: to show Gianluca that he could achieve whatever he wanted. ”可知, 小组里的十个人轮流去照顾吉安卢卡。故选A。
7. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“We started encouraging him with games. During those two or three years, he learnt how to walk and he made huge progress”可知, 在妈妈和志愿者的爱里, 吉安卢卡取得了很大进步。故选C。
C
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如今食物浪费的现状和不良影响, 对此意大利通过了一项法律鼓励企业和农民将未售出的食品捐赠给慈善机构, 同时介绍了这一法律的影响。
8. 【解析】选D。段落大意题。根据第二段的内容可知大约三分之一的供人类食用的食物被扔掉或浪费了。可知, 第二段的重点是食物浪费问题。故选D。
9.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段中“Donating food that is unusually wasted does not mean giving away damaged food. Sometimes it is simply a case of food being mislabeled, a can that has a torn label, or slightly bruised fruit. ”可知, 根据法律, 轻微擦伤的水果最有可能被丢弃。故选C。
10. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Waste management is also a very costly thing for governments. . . Italy spent over $13. 3 billion on waste management. ”可知, 意大利政府将从这项法律中得到的好处是, 政府将节省花在废物管理上的钱。故选C。
11. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Since then, 90 percent of supermarkets began donating food, the number of which was 66 percent before the law. ”可知, 食品捐赠法在法国逐渐生效。故选B。
D
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了研究发现语音比文字能建立更强的社交纽带。
12.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段“In the study, researchers used various experiments to measure connectedness. ”可知, 研究人员是通过做实验展开研究, 故选C。
13. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段“Although people expected that a phone call would be more awkward, hearing someone’s voice actually made the experience better. ”可知, 打电话之前, 人们认为听到别人的声音会很尴尬, 故选B。
14. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知发短信会让人很难确定谈话背后的真正含义; 打电话实际上更方便, 能够衡量内容背后的意义, 而不必思考文字背后无尽的可能意义。故打电话能够让人获得更准确的信息, 故选B。
15. 【解析】选A。主旨大意题。通读全文, 特别是根据第一段, 本文主要介绍的是语音比文字(打电话比发短信)能建立更强的社交纽带, 故选A。
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章作者通过事实告诉我们开车系安全带的重要性。
16. 【解析】选B。根据后句“So I don’t drive anywhere until I wear it. 所以我不系它就不开车去任何地方”可知, B项Seat belts save lives and that’s a fact. “安全带能拯救生命, 这是事实”, 在此和后句构成因果关系。此处B项切题。故选B。
17. 【解析】选A。根据后句Will it be the windshield or your seat belt I choose the seat belt. “是挡风玻璃还是安全带 我选择安全带”可知, A项What’s going to stop your body “什么会阻止你的身体 ”是后句的问题, 后句是A项的答案。此处A项切题。故选A。
18. 【解析】选D。根据后句They think that seat belts don’t allow them much space to move freely in the car. “他们认为安全带不允许他们在车里自由移动”可知, D项Some people think seat belts are uncomfortable. “有些人认为安全带不舒服”是对后文进行总结, 而后句的内容是用来详细说明D项。此处D项切题。故选D。
19. 【解析】选E。根据后句That means you are more likely to walk away unharmed from a car accident. “这意味着你更有可能在车祸中安然无恙地离开”可知, 此处的That应指代E项If you are wearing a seat belt, you have to stay in your seat. “如果你系上了安全带, 你就得待在座位上”。同时后句是E项的结果。所以此处E项切题。故选E。
20. 【解析】选G。根据前句You can still get hurt or killed while wearing a seat belt. “系安全带仍有可能受伤或死亡”和后句的“你就不太可能在车祸中严重受伤或死亡”可知, G项“但事实证明, 系安全带比不系安全带开车更安全”在此起着承上启下的作用。选项与上文形成转折关系, 下文是对选项所形成的结果的描述, 此处G项切题。故选G。
第二部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲了一位六年级学生Jamaria在自己柠檬水事业上的坚持及取得的成功。
21. 【解析】选C。句意: 她花了一年时间完善她独特的柠檬水配方还有一些让她的生意“LemonTopia”大受欢迎的甜点。 complex复杂的; expensive昂贵的; unique独特的; familiar熟悉的。故选C。
22.【解析】选A。根据下文“And what is even more amazing is that”可知Jamaria的成功让大家很吃惊, 由此推知她的甜点大受欢迎。 hit 击中目标, 大获成功的事; joke玩笑; record记录; 记载; test测试; 实验。故选A。
23. 【解析】选B。句意: 更令人惊讶的是, 在她妈妈的帮助下, Jamaria自己建造了LemonTopia。 根据下文“her mother for working at the stand”可知是在妈妈的帮助下。dad爸爸; mom妈妈; friends朋友; classmates同学。故选B。
24. 【解析】选D。在妈妈允许Jamaria做这些之前, Jamaria一直在请求妈妈的允许。 applied申请; looked看; acted行动; begged乞求。故选D。
25. 【解析】选C。当Jamaria以前的学校宣布烘焙义卖时, 一个绝佳的机会来了。 challenge挑战; phenomenon现象; opportunity机会; achievement成就。故选C。
26. 【解析】选D。根据下文“added cookies and cheesecake”可知除了柠檬水, 她还必须提供烘焙食品。in spite of尽管; in memory of纪念; in place of代替; in addition to除了……之外。故选D。
27. 【解析】选A。烘焙义卖结束后, 她继续在学校和社区活动中销售。 selling卖; wandering漫游, 漫步; exhibiting展览; advertising打广告, 广告招聘。故选A。
28. 【解析】选B。根据语境可知此处指Jamaria一直在不同的地方售卖, 直到她在市政厅举办了一个聚会。 when当……时候; until直到……; unless 除非; after在……之后。故选B。
29. 【解析】选C。用那笔钱, Jamaria支付了她母亲在摊位工作的费用。 praised表扬; pleased使高兴; 使喜欢; paid偿还; persuaded劝说。pay for支付, 付钱, 买单。故选C。
30. 【解析】选C。根据下文“such as going to the concert”可知此处指Jamaria作为一个孩子有时也要玩耍娱乐。study学习; 研究; succeed成功; play玩, 演奏; work工作。故选C。
31. 【解析】选A。Jamaria出去玩时, 她的妈妈代替她的工作, 她按小时付给妈妈报酬。 fill in填写, 代替; give in屈服; take in理解; cut in插嘴。故选A。
32.【解析】选B。市场竞争激烈, 所以Jamaria必须想办法招揽生意。根据前后文语境, 可知为转折关系, Therefore因此; However然而; Otherwise否则; Besides除……之外。故选B。
33. 【解析】选D。Jamaria必须想办法招揽生意。 put up with忍受; catch up with赶上; make up with重归于好; come up with想出, 提出。故选D。
34. 【解析】选C。句意: 幸运的是, 当她开发出新口味的柠檬水时, 她表现出了自己对事业的热情。 decision决定; choice选择; enthusiasm热情; expectation期望。故选C。
35. 【解析】选D。妈妈为女儿坚持下来感到非常骄傲。 fond喜欢; ashamed羞耻的; aware了解的; proud骄傲的。故选D。
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国最复杂、最具挑战性的太空冒险——嫦娥5号自动探月任务——周四凌晨圆满结束。
36. 【解析】landing。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, with的复合结构作状语, 且 rocks and dust与land之间是主动关系, 要用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填landing。
37. 【解析】where。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, 此处是非限制性定语从句, 先行词 Beijing, 地点名词, 在从句中作地点状语, 要用关系副词where引导。故填where。
38. 【解析】technicians。考查名词。分析句子结构可知, 空处需填名词作宾语, technician意为“技术人员”, 是可数名词, 此处表示泛指, 且没有冠词修饰, 需用名词复数形式。故填technicians。
39. 【解析】previously。考查副词。修饰形容词unvisited作状语, 要用副词。形容词previous的副词为previously先前。故填previously。
40. 【解析】designed。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, will be transferred为谓语动词, 空处需填非谓语动词作定语, design和laboratories为动宾关系, 需用过去分词形式。故填designed。
41. 【解析】deepen。考查动词。分析句子结构, 空格前有情态动词can, 后接动词原形。形容词deep的动词形式为deepen加深。故填deepen。
42. 【解析】Besides。考查介词。句意: 除了那些科学目标, 计划制定者还希望此次任务有助于培养中国的知识、技术和人力库, 为未来的载人探月任务和其他深空探索提供帮助。所以要用介词besides, 位于句首首字母要大写。故填Besides。
43. 【解析】a。考查冠词。空格后有可数名词单数proportion部分, 此处表示泛指, 且certain是以辅音音素开头, 要用不定冠词a。故填a。
44. 【解析】awareness。考查名词。句意: 分析句子结构, 空处需填名词作宾语, aware的名词形式是awareness, 是抽象名词, 不可数。故填awareness。
45. 【解析】to bring/to have brought。考查非谓语动词。固定结构the first to do sth. 此处是不定式作定语。bring的动作也可表示对现在产生的结果, 所以也可以用不定式的完成式to have brought。故填to bring/to have brought。
第三部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
【参考范文】
New Fashion in Our School
With the national call to practice strict economy and combat waste, it has become a fashion to put an end to waste in our school.
We were required to start with small actions, such as turning off the tap immediately after using water and writing on both sides of the paper if we could. We also went to public places to promote the idea that saving today is saving the generation tomorrow.
From the activity, we have greatly raised our awareness of saving.
第二节(满分25分)
【参考范文】
Then a sharp turning suddenly came into view. I knew I had to stop, but I was moving too fast to control myself. I tried everything, but in vain. There was only one final option—falling over. After rolling for what felt like forever, I lay still, head dizzy. Worse still, my joints were painful and every muscle hurt. I knew there was no way I could keep going. When I struggled to my feet and brushed the snow off, the terrible truth hit me: I still had half the mountain to go!
I was on the point of crying when I felt a hand on my shoulder. It was Lindsay. “I have to quit, ” I said hopelessly. Pointing to some skillful skiers, Lindsay said, “Look, they are skiing so easily. Come on, I believe we can make it, too. ” Looking at her determined expression, I was instantly inspired and seconds later we were both skiing down the slope. Along the way there were a few more falls, but we were not defeated. At the bottom, I glanced up the mountain and felt a wave of gratitude and pride. Thanks to Lindsay’s encouragement, I had overcome my fears and learned to face challenges bravely.
