必修第一册Unit 4词汇默写
I.核心单词
1. n. &vt. 营救; 救援
2. vt. 损害; 破坏
n. 损坏; 损失
3. vt. 摧毁; 毁灭
4. vt. 影响; ( 疾病)侵袭; 深深打动
5. n. 避难处; 居所; 庇护
vt. 保护; 掩蔽vi. 躲避(风雨或危险)
6. vt. 使落入险境; 使陷入圈套
n. 险境; 陷阱
7. vt. 埋葬; 安葬
8. vi. & vt. 呼吸
9. n. 努力; 艰难的尝试; 尽力
10. n. 供应(量); 补给; [pl. ] 补给品
vt. 供应; 供给
II. 拓展单词
1. die v. 死(亡)→ n. 死; 死亡→ adj. 死的; 无生命的
2. shock vt. (使)震惊; 震动→ adj. 令人震惊的→ adj. 震惊的
3. electricity n. 电; 电流; 电学→ adj. 电的; 用电的→ adj. 发电的
4. breathe vt. & vi 呼吸→ n. 呼吸
5. wise adj. 聪明的→ n. 智慧; 才智
6. suffer vt. & vi. 遭受; 忍受; 经历→ n. 痛苦, 苦难
7. survive v. 生存; 生还→ n. 幸存; 继续生存→ n. 幸存者; 残存物
8. power n. 电力供应; 能量; 力量; 控制力→ adj. 强大的; 强有力的→ adj. 无力的; 没有能力的; 无权力的
9. emergency n. 突发事件; 紧急情况→ adj. 新兴的
10. length n. 长; 长度→ adj. 长的
III..核心短语
1. 严重受损; 破败不堪
2. 震惊; 吃惊
3. 数以万计的
4. 谈起; 说起; 提到; 指的是
5. 至少; 起码; 无论如何
6. 露天; 在户外
7. 结束
8. 站在……(达特定水平)
9. 消灭; 彻底消除
10. 现有(尤指帮助)
IV..经典句式
1. 句型公式: too+adj. +to. . . 太……而不能……
In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were (太紧张了而不吃东西).
2. 句型公式: It seems/ seemed as if. . . 看起来似乎……
(看起来似乎) the world was at an end!
3. 句型公式: whose引导的定语从句
Workers built shelters for survivors (他们的家园) had been destroyed.
【参考答案】
I.核心单词
1. rescue n. &vt. 营救; 救援
2. damage vt. 损害; 破坏
n. 损坏; 损失
3. destroy vt. 摧毁; 毁灭
4. affect vt. 影响; ( 疾病)侵袭; 深深打动
5. shelter n. 避难处; 居所; 庇护
vt. 保护; 掩蔽vi. 躲避(风雨或危险)
6. trap (trapped, trapped)
vt. 使落入险境; 使陷入圈套
n. 险境; 陷阱
7. bury vt. 埋葬; 安葬
8. breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸
9. effort n. 努力; 艰难的尝试; 尽力
10. supply n. 供应(量); 补给; [pl. ] 补给品
vt. 供应; 供给
II. 拓展单词
1. die v. 死(亡)→death n. 死; 死亡→dead adj. 死的; 无生命的
2. shock vt. (使)震惊; 震动→shocking adj. 令人震惊的→shocked adj. 震惊的
3. electricity n. 电; 电流; 电学→electric adj. 电的; 用电的→electrical adj. 发电的
4. breathe vt. & vi 呼吸→breath n. 呼吸
5. wise adj. 聪明的→wisdom n. 智慧; 才智
6. suffer vt. & vi. 遭受; 忍受; 经历→suffering n. 痛苦, 苦难
7. survive v. 生存; 生还→survival n. 幸存; 继续生存→survivor n. 幸存者; 残存物
8. power n. 电力供应; 能量; 力量; 控制力→powerful adj. 强大的; 强有力的→powerless adj. 无力的; 没有能力的; 无权力的
9. emergency n. 突发事件; 紧急情况→emergent adj. 新兴的
10. length n. 长; 长度→long adj. 长的
III..核心短语
1. in ruins 严重受损; 破败不堪
2. in shock 震惊; 吃惊
3. tens of thousands of 数以万计的
4. refer to 谈起; 说起; 提到; 指的是
5. at least 至少; 起码; 无论如何
6. in the open air 露天; 在户外
7. come to an end 结束
8. stand at sth. 站在……(达特定水平)
9. sweep away 消灭; 彻底消除
10. on hand 现有(尤指帮助)
IV.经典句式
1. 句型公式: too+adj. +to. . . 太……而不能……
In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat(太紧张了而不吃东西).
2. 句型公式: It seems/ seemed as if. . . 看起来似乎……
It seemed as if(看起来似乎) the world was at an end!
3. 句型公式: whose引导的定语从句
Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes(他们的家园) had been destroyed. 必修第一册Unit 4基础练习
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. This is one of the worst natural ____________(灾难) in the area.
2. With the help of her teacher and through her own ____________(努力), Helen graduated from university.
3. You told me that you were worried about those bad study habits which ____________(影响) your learning.
4. Firemen were called out to ____________(营救) a man trapped in the building.
5. The people in the earthquake area are in need of food, medicine and ____________ (避难处).
6. Forty ____________ (百分比)of the students point out that Senior One students have a lot more homework to do every day.
7. So I would need oxygen tanks placed on my back so I could ____________(呼吸) all the time.
8. Try to keep ____________ (镇静的) and just tell me what happened.
9. Her beauty ____________ (打动) him deeply and he decided to date her.
10. I am having some flowers ____________(递送) for her birthday.
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1. Many houses ____________(destroy) and worse still, many people were injured or some even killed.
2. When she smiles, it looks as if the sun ____________(be) shining.
3. The lifeboat was sent out to rescue the sailors ____________ the sinking ship.
4. The late flood did much damage ____________ the village.
5. He ____________ (trap) in the traffic jam and felt helpless.
6. ____________(bury) in the newspaper, he didn’t notice what was happening.
7. Do not have a drink or take drugs to calm ____________ (you) down.
8. Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him as if he ____________ (do) something very clever.
9. Then I saw it—a thin arm ____________(wave) weakly a few yards away.
10. When I stopped playing and looked up, I was ____________(shock) to see a small crowed around us.
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. Obviously, they didn’t realize that their behavior had ______________________ the beauty of the park.
很明显, 他们没有意识到他们的行为给这个美丽的公园造成了巨大的损坏。
2. I find that she is really ______________________.
我发现她真的难以相处。
3. All the houses were left ______________________ because of the heavy rainstorm.
由于暴风雨, 所有的房子都沦为废墟。
4. The bad road conditions ______________________ get there in time.
糟糕的路况使他们及时到达那里变得很困难。
5. Luckily, the war between the two countries ______________________ at last.
幸运的是, 两国之间的战争最终结束了。
6. I ______________________ alone ______________________ a heavy rain poured down.
我正在街上独自闲逛, 这时大雨倾盆而下。
7. They were ______________________ what to do next.
他们太害怕了, 不知道接下来该做什么。
8. I don’t know why he is looking at me ______________________. In fact I’ve never seen him before.
我不知道他为什么一直看着我, 好像认识我似的。事实上我之前从未见过他。
Ⅳ. 用适当的关系词填空
1. We chose to buy the house __________ window faces south.
2. You’ll find taxis waiting at the station __________ you can hire to reach your host family.
3. I’d like to express my appreciation for the people to __________I have turned.
4. The research found that people __________keep fit are more likely to have better memories and clearer thinking.
5. Working in the company is the very chance __________ you can grasp during the summer holiday.
6. A study shows the students who join in after-school activities are happier than those __________ are not.
7. They rushed over to help the man __________ car had broken down.
8. The house in __________ Lu Xun once lived is a museum now.
Ⅴ. 阅读理解
A
Earthquakes are something that people fear. There are some places that have few or no earthquakes. Most places in the world, however, have them regularly (有规律地). Countries that have a lot of earthquakes are usually quite mountainous.
The most-talked-about earthquake in the United States was in San Francisco in 1906. Over 700 people died in it. The strongest one in North America was in 1964. It happened in Alaska.
Strong earthquakes are not always the ones that kill the most people. In 1755, one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded was felt in Portugal. Around 2, 000 people died.
In 1923, a very strong earthquake hit Tokyo, the Yokohama area of Japan. A hundred and forty thousand people died. Most of them died in fires which followed the earthquake.
One of the worst earthquakes ever was in China in 1976. It killed a large number of people. The worst earthquake ever recorded was also in China, in which about 80, 000 people were killed or injured. This earthquake happened in 2008.
Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is that we often do not know when they are coming. People can’t prepare for them.
1. Earthquakes happen .
A. in all the places in the world
B. only in the countries that have a lot of mountains
C. regularly in most places in the world
D. only in a few places along the mountains
2. When and where was the worst earthquake ever recorded
A. 1964; Alaska. B. 2008; China.
C. 1923; Japan. D. 1976; China.
3. What may be talked about in the paragraph followed
A. How do earthquakes worry people
B. What will people do to prepare for earthquakes
C. How can we save people when earthquakes happen
D. How do earthquakes happen
B
Australia’s bush fires are threatening the country’s unique wildlife —from koalas to native birds to bees —and researchers fear that some species are being pushed to the brink of extinction. The fires have killed at least 26 people, burned thousands of homes and could shave as much as 0. 4% of economic growth, according to some experts.
More than 13, 000 head of livestock have been killed by the fires in New South Wales state, where more than 20, 000 square miles of land has been burned. The fires threaten to rage on into February—summer-time in Australia —or longer.
Scientists say at least six species are in danger. “There’s great concern that these fires may have pushed species closer to extinction or potentially over, ” said Deakin University wildlife ecologist Euan Ritchie. “We won’ t know until we get into the areas, ” he said.
Some scientists are concerned about a metallic-green bee that lives exclusively(唯一地) in areas that have been badly damaged by fire, along Australia’s east coast and on Kangaroo Island in the south. Researchers suspect the green carpenter bee has been wiped out on Kangaroo Island.
“The species is likely to be in terrible conditions, as all of its habitat has now either burnt or is threatened by fire, ” said Katja Hogendoorn, a bee expert at the University of Adelaide, who has been working for half a decade to preserve the population of green carpenter bees on Kangaroo Island.
4. What can we learn from paragraph one
A. The wildlife is well protected in Australia.
B. The fires also damage Australian economy.
C. The bush fires have lasted for a long time.
D. The bush fires are frequent in Australia.
5. How might Euan Ritchie feel about ecological losses
A. Curious. B. Concerned.
C. Unexpected. D. Surprised.
6. Why are scientists worried about the metallic-green bee
A. It will all be burnt to death.
B. It is gradually dying out.
C. It might lose its natural home.
D. It will move to other places.
7. Where might you find this text
A. In a story book. B. In a textbook.
C. In a newspaper. D. In a traveling guide.
C
When your alarm clock rings and you drag yourself out of bed, you probably wonder: Why on earth does school have to start so early
Fortunately, there is a new law to support—or better still, science.
A law in California, passed on Oct. 13, requires that public middle schools begin classes no earlier than 8: 00 am and that high schools start no earlier than
8: 30 am. The law will go into effect by July 1, 2022.
Starting school at 8: 00 or 8: 30 in the morning may not sound like too big of a change, but it could mean one more hour of sleep for students who used to start school at 7: 30 or even earlier.
“The effect of that one hour is something they will be feeling as 40-year-old adults, ” Sumit Bhargava, a sleep expert at Stanford University, told The New York Times. He said that not having enough sleep can affect students’ mental health and increase the risk of being overweight and diabetes(糖尿病).
In the short run, students’ school performances should improve almost immediately. Kyla Wahlstrom, a researcher at the University of Minnesota’s College of Education, found that students who have enough sleep are alert in class and get much more satisfying grades.
Some might say that asking students to go to bed earlier could have been a much easier solution than changing the school timetable across an entire state. But according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, teenagers go through biological changes when they enter puberty(青春期), which makes it difficult for them to fall asleep before 11: 00 pm. So when school starts at 8: 00 or earlier, they can hardly get the ideal 8. 5—9. 5 hours of sleep that experts suggest they need to do their best in the daytime.
This is why when the new law came out, its author, Anthony Portantino, said, “Generations of children will come to appreciate this historic day and our governor for taking action. ”
8. Which of the following is TRUE about the law
A. The law has not been put into practice.
B. The law requires schools to start later than 8: 30 am.
C. The law will be passed by July 1, 2022.
D. The law is made by a university in California.
9. What does the underlined word alert in Paragraph 6 probably mean
A. Friendly. B. Sharp.
C. Calm. D. Honest.
10. For a better academic performance in the daytime, how long do teenagers probably need to sleep
A. About 8 hours. B. About 9 hours.
C. At least 10 hours. D. At most 8. 5 hours.
11. What’s the main idea of the text
A. Lack of sleep could lead to health problems.
B. The amount of sleep people need changes with age.
C. A new law lets students sleep longer.
D. Sleeping problems are leading problems for teenagers.
Ⅵ. 七选五
Earthquakes strike without warning and are among the most destructive natural disasters. Keeping calm and proper reaction can sometimes save your life. To ride out an earthquake, remember the phrase “drop, cover, and hold on. ” 1
*Move away from buildings, street lights, power lines, and bridges.
2 As soon as the ground begins shaking, try to get as far away as possible from any nearby structures. Do not seek shelter under a bridge or overpass.
*Crouch down low in a wide open area until the shaking stops.
Once you’ve made your way away from nearby structures, get on your hands and knees and cover your head. See if there are any objects nearby to use as a shield (遮蔽物), such as a trash can lid. 3
* 4
As you go out after the earthquake, be careful of broken glass, rubble, downed power lines, fallen trees, and any other potential danger. Check yourself and anyone nearby for injuries. If necessary, perform first aid and call emergency services.
*Get to higher ground if you’re on the shore or near a dam.
Earthquakes can cause tsunamis, so put distance between yourself and the coast. If a shaking lasts more than 20 seconds, 5 Get to ground that’s at least 100 ft (30 m)above sea level or 2 miles (3. 2 km)from the shore.
A. Don’t wait for an alarm or warning to escape.
B. Drop to your hands and knees under a table or desk.
C. Watch out for danger as you observe your surroundings.
D. Here are four tips helping you survive an earthquake if you are outdoors.
E. If none are available, cover your head and neck with your hands and arms.
F. The most dangerous locations during an earthquake are areas immediately around buildings.
G. If possible, grab a pillow, sofa cushion, or another object to cover your face and head.
Ⅶ. 语法填空
There 1. (be) no lights in sight but the night sky glowed (发出) a dusky yellow, because the Amazon was burning. The yellow flames engulfed (吞食) trees 2. lit up the sky. During the day, the sunshine was blocked
3. thick smoke. So far, the fire 4. (put) out.
The government has recorded 72, 843 fires. The fire is just one of
5. (they) in the Amazon, the world’s 6. (large) rainforest and a fighter against climate change. According to Brazil’s space research agency INPE, the wildfire has decreased by 17 percent so far this year compared to the same period in 2018.
Environmental 7. (group)said the policies of the government encouraged deforestation (采伐森林) of the Amazon, 8. led to more fires. But the government posted a report and wanted 9. (argue) against that. The government claimed that non-governmental organizations
10. (angry) set fire to the forest after it cut their funding.
参考答案
Ⅰ. 1. This is one of the worst natural disasters(灾难) in the area.
2. With the help of her teacher and through her own efforts(努力), Helen graduated from university.
3. You told me that you were worried about those bad study habits which affected(影响) your learning.
4. Firemen were called out to rescue(营救) a man trapped in the building.
5. The people in the earthquake area are in need of food, medicine and shelters (避难处).
6. Forty percent (百分比)of the students point out that Senior One students have a lot more homework to do every day.
7. So I would need oxygen tanks placed on my back so I could breathe(呼吸) all the time.
8. Try to keep calm (镇静的) and just tell me what happened.
9. Her beauty struck (打动) him deeply and he decided to date her.
10. I am having some flowers delivered(递送) for her birthday.
Ⅱ. 1. Many houses were destroyed(destroy) and worse still, many people were injured or some even killed.
2. When she smiles, it looks as if the sun were(be) shining.
3. The lifeboat was sent out to rescue the sailors from the sinking ship.
4. The late flood did much damage to the village.
5. He was trapped (trap) in the traffic jam and felt helpless.
6. Buried(bury) in the newspaper, he didn’t notice what was happening.
7. Do not have a drink or take drugs to calm yourself (you) down.
8. Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done (do) something very clever.
9. Then I saw it—a thin arm waving(wave) weakly a few yards away.
10. When I stopped playing and looked up, I was shocked(shock) to see a small crowed around us.
Ⅲ. 1. Obviously, they didn’t realize that their behavior had done/caused great damage to the beauty of the park.
2. I find that she is really difficult to get along with.
3. All the houses were left in ruins because of the heavy rainstorm.
4. The bad road conditions made it difficult for them to get there in time.
5. Luckily, the war between the two countries came to an end at last.
6. I was wandering on the street alone when a heavy rain poured down.
7. They were too frightened to know what to do next.
8. I don’t know why he is looking at me as if he knew me. In fact I’ve never seen him before.
Ⅳ. 1. We chose to buy the house whose window faces south.
2. You’ll find taxis waiting at the station that/which you can hire to reach your host family.
3. I’d like to express my appreciation for the people to whom I have turned.
4. The research found that people who keep fit are more likely to have better memories and clearer thinking.
5. Working in the company is the very chance that you can grasp during the summer holiday.
6. A study shows the students who join in after-school activities are happier than those who are not.
7. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
8. The house in which Lu Xun once lived is a museum now.
Ⅴ.
A
【文章大意】本文主要讲述了地震以及历史上几次严重的地震情况。
1. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Most places in the world, however, have them regularly. ”可知, 在世界上的很多地方有地震, 然而, 都是有规律地发生地震。故选C。
2. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“The worst earthquake ever recorded was also in China, in which about 80, 000 people were killed or injured. This earthquake happened in 2008. ”可知, 曾经记录最严重的一次地震发生在2008年的中国, 大约有8万人死亡或者受伤。故选B。
3.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is that we often do not know when they are coming. People can’t prepare for them. ”可知人们对地震一般都是没有办法做很多的准备, 接下来谈论的可能是人们能做的事情。故选B。
B
【文章大意】本文主要讲的是澳大利亚的森林大火正在威胁该国独特的野生动物, 从考拉到本土鸟类再到蜜蜂, 研究人员担心一些物种正被推向灭绝的边缘, 同时森林大火也造成了一定的人员伤亡和经济损失。
4. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知大火已经造成至少26人死亡, 烧毁了成千上万的房屋, 根据一些专家的说法, 使经济增长减少0. 4% ”。由此判断出火灾损害了澳大利亚的经济。故选B。
5. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段可知迪肯大学的野生动物生态学家Euan Ritchie表示: “人们非常担心, 这些火灾可能已经将物种推向灭绝的边缘, 甚至可能导致灭绝。”他说: “在进入这些地区之前, 我们不会知道。”可知Euan Ritchie的态度是非常担心, 故选B。
6.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第五段前半段可知“这个物种的生存条件可能很糟糕, 因为它的所有栖息地现在要么被烧毁, 要么受到火灾的威胁。Katja Hogendoorn说。”可知科学家担心金属绿蜂的栖息地会被严重破坏, 导致它们失去家园, 故选C。
7. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。短文主要介绍了澳大利亚的森林大火正在威胁该国独特的野生动物, 从考拉到本土鸟类再到蜜蜂, 研究人员担心, 一些物种正被推向灭绝的边缘, 同时森林大火也造成了一定的人员和经济损失。由此判断出短文来自于报纸。故选C。
C
【文章大意】本文主要讲述要出台一部新法律能让青少年有足够的睡眠时间以保证白天的学业成绩。
8. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章The law will go into effect by July 1, 2022. 这部法律将于2022年7月1日生效。可知, 这部法律还没有付诸实践, 故选A。
9. 【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据文章画线词所在句可知, 明尼苏达大学的一名研究人员发现有充足睡眠的人成绩更令人满意, 由此可推断学生们在课堂上表现的也更好, 思维更敏捷, 故推断alert为敏捷的, 与sharp敏捷的, 灵敏的意思相同。故选B。
10. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句可知因此, 当学校8点或更早开始上课时, 他们很难获得专家建议的理想的8. 5到9. 5小时的睡眠时间, 以便使他们自己能在白天做到最好。可知, 要想在白天有一个更好的学习状态, 青少年需要大约9小时的睡眠时间, 故选B。
11. 【解析】选C。主旨大意题。主要讲述要出台一部新法律能让青少年有足够的睡眠时间以保证白天的学习状态。C选项A new law lets students sleep longer. 一部新的法律让学生睡得更久, 能够概括文章大意, 故选C。
Ⅵ. 【文章大意】文章介绍了几种在户外时, 遇到地震的逃生方法。
1. 【解析】选D。前文提到“为了安全度过地震, 记住这句话: 蹲下, 找遮蔽物, 坚持住。”承接前文, D选项“如果你在户外, 这里有四个帮助你度过地震的小贴士”切题。且与下文给的四个建议呼应, 故选D。
2. 【解析】选F。前文提到“远离建筑物、路灯、电线和桥梁。”承接前文, F选项“地震中最危险的位置是建筑物附近的区域”切题。故选F。
3. 【解析】选E。前文提到“看看附近有没有什么东西可以作为盾牌, 比如垃圾桶盖。”承接前文, E选项“如果没有, 用你的手和胳膊盖住你的头和脖子。”切题。故选E。
4. 【解析】选C。下文提到“地震后外出时, 小心碎玻璃、碎石、倒下的电线、倒下的树和其他潜在的危险。”承接下文, C选项“当你观察周围环境时, 要小心危险。”切题。故选C。
5. 【解析】选A。前文提到“如果摇晃持续超过20秒, ”承接前文, A选项“不要等待警报或警告。”切题。且呼应下文“到达海拔至少100英尺(30米)或2英里(3. 2千米)的地面。”故选A。
Ⅶ. 【文章大意】本文讲述了关于亚马逊热带雨林着火原因的不同说法。
1. 【解析】were。考查主谓一致。句意: 眼前没有灯光, 但夜空闪着暗黄色的光, 因为亚马逊热带雨林正在燃烧。本句为there be结构, 其主语为no lights, 故用复数形式, 根据上下文可知用一般过去时态, 故填were。
2. 【解析】and。考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知, 此处连接谓语动词engulfed和lit , 表并列, 应用并列连词, 故填and。
3. 【解析】by。考查介词。句意: 白天, 阳光被浓烟挡住了。根据句意可知, be blocked by“被……阻止”, 这里表被动, 后接名词, 应用介词, 故填by。
4. 【解析】has been put。考查时态和语态。句意: 到目前为止, 火已经熄灭了。根据时间状语so far可知本句用现在完成时, 又因put out与主语the fire之间为被动关系, 故填has been put。
5. 【解析】them。考查代词。句意: 亚马逊雨林是世界上最大的热带雨林, 也是对抗气候变化的斗士, 火灾只是其中之一。根据其前介词of可知应用代词宾格作宾语, 故填them。
6. 【解析】largest。考查形容词最高级。根据常识判断, 亚马逊雨林是世界上 “最大的”雨林, 故填largest。
7. 【解析】groups。考查名词复数。句意: 环保组织表示, 政府的政策鼓励了亚马逊森林的砍伐, 这导致了更多的火灾。此处environmental groups指环保组织, 应用复数形式, 故填groups。
8. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。句意: 环保组织表示, 政府的政策鼓励了亚马逊森林的砍伐, 这导致了更多的火灾。分析句子结构可知, 代指前面整句话的内容, 在非限制性定语从句中作主语, 故填which。
9. 【解析】to argue。考查非谓语动词。句意: 但政府发布了一份报告, 想对此进行反驳。want后接动词作宾语, 应用不定式形式, 故填to argue。
10. 【解析】angrily。考查副词。句意: 政府声称, 非政府组织在资金被削减后, 愤怒地放火焚烧森林。分析句子成分可知, 此处作状语修饰动词短语set fire, 应用副词形式, 故填angrily。(共43张PPT)
人教版2019必修第一册
Unit 4
单元重难知识点复习
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. ruin n. [U] 毁坏; 毁灭; 崩溃; n. [C](pl. )废墟; 遗迹; v. (使)破产; (使)堕落; 毁灭
【教材原句】
In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. (P50)
在不到一分钟的时间内, 一个大城市变成一片废墟。
【词块必记】
(1)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
bring. . . to ruin 使……毁灭; 使……没落
(2)ruin oneself 自取灭亡
ruin one’s health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/名誉/前途
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①The strong earthquake left the city in _____ (ruin)merely in several seconds.
②It rained for one week on end completely _______ (ruin)our holidays.
③Drunk driving not only ruined _______(he) but also killed several passers-by.
ruins
ruining
himself
2. affect vt. 影响; 感动; (疾病) 侵袭
【典型例句】
He spends too much time on maths, and this in turn affects the progress of his other subjects. 他花了很多时间在数学上, 这反过来影响其他学科的进程。
【词块必记】
(1)be greatly/deeply affected by 被……深深打动
be affected with high fever 发高烧
(2)effect n. 作用; 影响
have an effect/influence on 对……产生影响
【知识拓展】
affect vt. 感动; 影响→affection n. 喜爱; 感情
→affectional 情感上的; 爱情的→affective 情感的; 表达感情的→affecting 动人的; 感人的
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①The traffic issue not only ______ (affect) our everyday life, but may also threaten
people’s lives.
②________ (affect) with high fever, he continued with his work.
完成句子
③Many young people ______________his story and began
to do volunteer work for the disabled.
许多年轻人被他的故事所感染, 开始志愿帮助残疾人。
affects
Affected
were affected by
【佳句赏析】
(2018·江苏高考)Apparently, blindly following others’ advice will affect our own judgment.
显而易见, 盲目地接受他人的意见将影响我们的判断。
3. trap vt. 使陷入困境; n. 陷阱; 困境
【典型例句】
(2018·北京高考)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped in the mountains for two days.
一位援救队员冒着生命危险救了陷在山中两天的两位游客。
【词块必记】
(1)be trapped in. . . 被困在……中
trap sb. into (doing sth. ) 诱使某人(做某事)
(2)fall into a trap 落入圈套
set a trap for sb. 给某人设圈套
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①________ (trap) in the ruins, the girl still held a positive attitude, waiting to be
rescued.
②Six men ________________(trap) in a mine for seventeen hours.
句式升级
③Because of the greenhouse effect, the earth is warmed by gases which are trapped
in the atmosphere.
→Because of the greenhouse effect , the earth is warmed by gases _____________
___________
Trapped
have been trapped
trapped in the
atmosphere.
4. shock vt. & vi. (使) 震惊; 震动 n. 休克; 打击; 震惊
【典型例句】
The survivors lay on the beach, exhausted and shocked.
幸存人员躺在海岸上, 又惊又累。
【词块必记】
be shocked to do sth. 做某事很震惊
be shocked at. . . 对……感到震惊
a shock to. . . 使……吃惊
【知识拓展】
electric shock 触电; 电休克
cultural shock 文化冲突
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①I still remember visiting a friend who’d lived here for five years and I
___________(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
②If you are travelling where the customs are totally different from your own,
you may feel __ cultural shock.
完成句子
③We ______________________________that he died suddenly yesterday.
我们对他昨天突然去世这一令人震惊的消息感到震惊。
was shocked
a
were shocked at the shocking news
5. bury vt. 掩埋; 埋葬; 使专心, 使沉浸; 隐藏
【教材原句】
The army sent 150, 000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. (P50)
部队派出150, 000名战士去唐山将受困的人们挖出来, 并掩埋死者。
【词块必记】
(1)bury one’s head/face in hands 双手抱头/掩面
(2)be buried in=bury oneself in 专心于
be buried in thought 沉思
【巧学助记】
表示“专注于某事”的动词短语还有以下几个:
be absorbed in, be devoted to, be lost in, focus on, concentrate on等。
【知识微练】
完成句子
①With __________________________________, none of the rescue workers
would stop to have a rest.
这么多的人埋在废墟中, 没有一个援救人员停下来休息。
so many people buried under the ruins
句式升级
②Because he buried himself in/was buried in(专心于) his books, he didn’t know it
was raining outside.
→________________his books, he was not aware it was raining outside. (现在分词
短语作状语)
→_________his books, he was not aware it was raining outside. (过去分词短语作
状语)
【佳句赏析】
He buried his face in his hands and wept. 他双手掩面而泣。
Burying himself in
Buried in
Ⅱ. 核心短语
6. come to an end结束
【教材原句】
It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! (P50)
仿佛世界末日即将来临!
【词块必记】
(1)at the end of. . . 在……尽头, 在……末端
by the end of 到……结束时, 到……时候为止
in the end 最后; 终于
(2)come to an end 结束
put an end to sth. 结束; 终结
make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵, 量入为出
(3)end up with 以……结束
end up doing sth. 以做……结束
【知识拓展】
come to a conclusion 得出结论
come to one’s assistance 援助某人
come to one’s aid 帮助某人
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①The meeting came to ___ end and he set down a great number of key points.
②__ the end, it’s not the years in your life that count. It’s the life in your years.
完成句子
③______________________________Thankfully, I _______________________
_____ and my hard work paid off _________.
演讲比赛结束了。庆幸的是我最终获得了一等奖。我辛苦的努力最终得到了回
报。
an
In
The speech contest came to an end.
ended up winning the first
prize
in the end
【佳句赏析】
The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.
这些学生们一直在刻苦学习功课, 他们的努力最终会得到成功这一回报的。
Ⅲ. 经典句式
7. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat.
鸡群, 甚至是猪群都太紧张了而不吃东西。
【典型例句】
I was then too young to understand the meaning of the film. 我当时太年幼, 不理解这部电影的含义。
【句型公式】
(1)too+adj. /adv. (for sb. ) +to do sth. 表示否定的意义, 意思是“(对某人来说)太……而不能……”。
(2)当too. . . to. . . 用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词如anxious, eager, glad, happy, pleased, ready, willing等时, 不定式表示肯定意义。
(3)can’t/can never. . . too. . . 再怎么……也不过分。
【知识微练】 翻译句子
①He was too eager to know the result of his examination.
___________________________
②You can’t be too careful when you do your homework.
_______________________
句式升级
③When the game finally ended, both of us were so tired that we were all lying flat
on our backs.
→When the game finally ended, both of us were lying flat on our backs,
_______________
他太急于知道他考试的结果。
你做作业时要非常认真。
too tired to move.
8. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 仿佛世界末日即将来临!
【典型例句】
Paul fought the wolf bravely as if he were a superman.
保罗仿佛是一位超人勇敢地与狼作斗争。
【句型公式】
It seemed/seems (to sb. ) that/as if. . .
(对某人来说) 似乎……
(1)如果从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的, 从句谓语用陈述语气。
(2)如果从句所陈述情况是不真实的或极少可能发生的, 从句谓语用虚拟语气。
与现在事实相反: did/were
与过去事实相反: had done
与将来事实相反: would/could. . . +do
(3)如as if/though引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同, 且含有be动词, 可省略从句主语和be动词。
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①The woman loves the children as if she _____ (be) their mother.
②When he saw his mother at the street corner, the boy cried sadly as if he
_______________(scold) by someone else.
③Tom raised his right hand as if _____(say) something.
句式升级
④She stood there as if she was waiting for someone.
→She stood there ______________________. (省略句)
were
had been scolded
to say
as if waiting for someone
【佳句赏析】
He can speak English very fluently as if he were a native Englishman, so you can talk to him freely.
他说英语非常流利好像一位英国本地人一样, 所以你可以和他随意交谈。
【补充要点】
1. damage n. &vt. 损失; 损害
【典型例句】
Damaged but not defeated , he was still ahead of me.
他受到了伤害, 但没有被打败, 他仍然在我前面。
【易混辨析】辨析: ruin, destroy与damage
ruin 指一次性、彻底地毁坏, 无可挽回的伤害, 但不一定完全毁灭。此外, ruin多用于借喻中, 泛指一般的“坏了”。in ruins意为“成为废墟; 遭到严重破坏”
destroy 强调以摧毁或杀伤性的力量把某物彻底毁掉, 使之无法复原; 有时用于比喻, 意为“打破(希望, 计划); 使失败”
damage 损失, 损坏; 多用于无生命的东西, 指“价值、用途降低或外表损坏”等, 不一定全部破坏, 损坏了还可以修复; 这种破坏是自然灾害或人为过失造成的
【词块必记】
cause damage to对……造成危害
【知识微练】 单句语法填空
①The flood has caused a lot of _______(damage) to that area and the figures of the
missing will be published shortly.
②My respect for him came to an end when I saw him doing damage __ a shared bike.
语段填词
③The palace was_________ completely rather than was slightly ________, which
can’t be repaired, leaving only _____.
这座宫殿不是轻微地损坏, 而是被彻底地破坏了, 无法修复, 只剩下废墟。
damage
to
destroyed
damaged
ruins
【佳句赏析】
According to the report, staring at cell phone for long periods of time will damage our eyesight gradually.
据报道, 长时间盯着手机会逐渐损害我们的视力。
2. strike vt. & vi. (struck, struck/stricken, striking)打; 撞击; 罢工; 袭击; 报时; 划(火柴)/n. [C, U]罢工
【典型例句】
Greatly struck by the beauty of the language, I thought how even today Shakespeare’s writing remains powerful and true. 我被精彩的语言深深打动, 思考着莎士比亚的作品居然在今天还是那么真实、有力。
【词块必记】
(1)be struck with/by 为……所袭击(感动)
It strikes sb. that. . . 某人突然想到……
(2)strike. . . into one’s heart 使……刻骨铭心
(3)be on strike 在罢工
go on strike 举行罢工
【知识微练】
写出下列句子中黑体词的词性和词义
① A big earthquake struck the city last year, killing dozens of people. ____________
②A wonderful idea struck me suddenly when I was walking on the street.
___________
③It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike. ___________
④I got up early this morning before the clock struck five. ______________
vt. 突然袭击
vt. 忽然想起
n. 罢工
vt. &vi. (钟)报时
3. on hand现有(尤指帮助)
【典型例句】
He wants to see me now, but I have so much work on hand that I would rather he
come tomorrow than today. 他现在想见我, 但是我现有这么多的工作以至于我宁
愿他明天来。
【词块必记】
in hand 在手头; 在处理中
at hand 在手边; 可能很快发生的
by hand 用手工
hand in 交上; 提交
hand out 分发
hand over 交出; 移交
hand on 交付, 传递
hand down 宣布, 把……传下去
lend sb. a hand 伸出援手
shake hands 握手
hand in hand 手拉手; 密切关联
put one’s hands on 找到
on the one hand. . . on the other hand. . .
一方面……另一方面……
【知识微练】
用hand相关短语填空
①He often _____________when I was in trouble, for which I was grateful.
②If you _______your homework late, attach a note explaining the reason for the
delay.
③ If you go to the party, it is polite to arrive on time. It is good manners to
_______________your host.
lent me a hand
hand in
shake hands with
④When I cut one of my fingers yesterday, I couldn’t _______________any
bandages at home.
⑤These traditional customs should be preserved and ____________one generation
after another.
put my hands on
handed down
【佳句赏析】
On the one hand, they help to improve my writing skills and broaden my horizons. On the other hand, they can enrich my life and provide me with great fun.
一方面, 它们有助于提高我的书写技能和开阔我的眼界。另一方面, 它们能丰富我的生活, 并且给我提供极大的乐趣。
4. sweep away消灭; 彻底消除
【典型例句】 Any doubts had long since been swept away.
一切怀疑早已完全消除。
【词块必记】
sweep up 打扫; 清扫
sweep over/across/around 扫视; 掠过
sweep through 扫过; 掠过
【知识微练】 用sweep短语填空
①Ninety-mile per hour winds ___________the plains.
②The cleaner was just ___________as I left the building.
③A sudden feeling of grief _____ all my anger _____.
④The crowd _____________the gate of the stadium.
swept across
sweeping up
swept
away
swept through
【佳句赏析】
When the city is still sleeping soundly before the dawn comes on, it is the cleaners who sweep up the floors or streets in spite of the chilly wind or the heavy rain.
黎明前城市仍然沉寂在一片酣睡中时, 不管寒风还是大雨, 是清洁工们在清扫着地面和街道。必修第一册Unit 4综合检测
第一部分 听力(共两节, 满分30分)（略）
第二部分 阅读 (共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Finding a job
21. In which job do you need to speak a foreign language
A. The Advertisment A. B. The Advertisment B.
C. The Advertisment C. D. The Advertisment D.
22. Which job is suitable for those who are busy during the weekdays
A. A part-time babysitter.
B. A newspaper deliverer.
C. Working in a museum shop.
D. Working in a café.
23. Who are these job advertisements mainly designed for
A. Parents. B. Teenagers.
C. Full-time workers. D. English speakers.
B
On August 25, Hurricane Harvey made landfall in Southern Texas. The storm lasted for days, pouring almost 52 inches of rain. The downpour has caused widespread flooding, forcing more than 32, 000 people into shelters and damaging the city’s water supply system.
The only silver lining is that disasters like these seemed to unite people. While the number of organizations and individuals that have gone all out to assist the victims is too many to list, here are some highlights of the outpouring of support that has made headlines this past week.
A week ago, NFL player JJ Watt set up a website with a goal to raise $200, 000. Soon he has collected over $18 million, and the donations keep pouring in. The thrilled football star wants to ensure the money is used where needed, saying, “We’re trying to make sure it goes directly to the people. So our first wave of operation is we’ll have nice semi-trucks going out there and I will go straight into the communities and hand stuff out there. ”
Ordinary individuals are not shying away from helping either. Jim McIngvale, the owner of a furniture store, turned his two 100, 000-square-foot warehouse into shelters. When asked if he was concerned about the furniture that was being used by those living there, he responded, “These people are nice. They’re taking care of the furniture. Furniture’s made to be sat on, slept on or laid on. It’s just a product. ”
There are also many unsung heroes that are putting their lives at risk to help others. After discovering an elderly man trapped inside his truck, local people made a human chain through the dangerous water to drag him to safety.
While there is not much anyone could have done to prevent the loss, people across the US are doing everything they can to help its people recover.
24. Which can best replace the underlined words “silver lining” in paragraph 2
A. problem B. opportunity
C. solution D. comfort
25. How did JJ Watt most probably feel about the donation
A. Disappointed B. Confused
C. Unexpected D. Dissatisfied
26. What did Jim McIngvale do to help the victims in the disaster
A. He helped to save them from drowning.
B. He offered them a place to live in.
C. He provided work for them in his store.
D. He rented furniture to them cheaply.
27. What spirit does the author mainly intend to praise
A. Determination. B. Selflessness.
C. Honesty. D. Bravery.
C
Stop wasting your time thinking of reasons for your failures. Instead, realize that the seeds of success were planted within you when you were born. Only you have the power to make those seeds grow.
The seeds, and the power to grow them, are contained in the most awesome machine ever created: the human mind. Success is a choice and not a chance. You were born a winner. You were born rich. You can be a success if only you make the right choice.
You cannot be successful without first developing your self-confidence. Your level of self-confidence is always based on the degree of control that you are able to exercise over yourself, and thus over your life. People with low self-confidence are people who do not believe that they have any power, or responsibility for their lives. They are always victims. They are leaves tossed(摇摆) by the winds of chance blown about with any sudden change in the weather.
You can exercise control over your life only to the degree that you believe that you are responsible for whatever happens in your life. Failures think that everything happens by accident while successful people realize that they are responsible.
Everything happens as a result of something. If we can identify(确定) the cause, we can control the effect. We are responsible for what we choose to accept and believe. One generally rises to the level that one expects. We are responsible for setting our expectations. Our success depends upon our level of confidence.
In all areas of your life, whether they are financial, physical, emotional, or spiritual, you are responsible. Once you recognize this , accept it, and firmly believe it, you are on the road to success.
28. People with low self-confidence are compared to leaves because they______.
A. don’t have the power to face their fate
B. are ready to change their minds
C. can’t exercise control over themselves
D. are easily affected by windy weather
29. Losers would think that______.
A. their failure is only because of bad luck
B. they don’t make efforts to succeed
C. success is the result of hard work
D. working hard will lead to success
30. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that ______.
A. what we believe in is the result of creative mind
B. whether we will succeed depends on our attitudes
C. setting our expectations is vital before taking action
D. knowing cause and effect is the key to future success
31. The last paragraph serves as ______.
A. an introduction to another topic
B. a comparison between two views
C. the proof of the author’s points
D. the conclusion of the argument
D
On the day the tornado hit, there was no indication that severe weather was on its way—the sky was blue and the sun had been out. The first alert my husband, Jimmy, 67, and I, 65, got came around 9 p. m. , from some scrolling text on the TV Jimmy was watching. He ran upstairs to find me in our third-floor bedroom, and we changed the channel from the presidential primary debate I had been watching to our local Pensacola, Florida, station.
No sooner had we found coverage of the tornado than it was on top of us. It was the loudest thing I have ever heard. The bones of the house shook, and the power went out. The wind began to roar through the house, most likely through blown-out windows and the door to our garage. We had three flights of steps to navigate to get to the relative safety of the first floor, because the cupboard down there is underneath a brick staircase.
I didn’t know how or if we would make it down the steps. It felt as if there were no floor underneath me as the wind lifted me off my feet. I tried to move forward, but this intense pressure held me in place.
As we reached the last flight of steps, our front door blew out. Pieces of glass that looked like crushed ice flew everywhere. Suddenly, a three-foot-long tree branch crashed into the door frame. It flew over our heads, missing us by inches. Had we been one step up, it would have hit us.
By the time I reached the cupboard, the tornado had been over us for about a minute. Jimmy pushed me down to the cupboard floor, but he couldn’t get inside himself because of the wind. I held Jimmy’s arm and tried to bring Jimmy with it. My knees were full of glass, but at that moment, I felt no pain. If I had let go, Jimmy would have flown right out the back of the house and into the bay.
All of a sudden, Jimmy lifted off his feet like people in tornadoes do in the movies. I thought he was gone. And then everything stopped. He landed on his feet. In those first quiet moments, I couldn’t believe it was over, Jimmy said he’d go outside to check. “No, ” I said. “Don’t leave me. Don’t leave me. ”
Our neighbor says the storm lasted four minutes. In that time, four of the twelve town houses in our unit were completely destroyed. Of the houses left standing, ours suffered the most damage. Amazingly, none of us were severely injured.
32. Where did the husband first get the warning information about the tornado
A. From the weather forecast.
B. From a movie he was watching.
C. From the local broadcast station.
D. From the moving words on a TV programme.
33. What does the underlined word “coverage” mean
A. Power. B. Description.
C. Arrival. D. Delay.
34. Why didn’t the wife feel pain
A. Because she didn’t get any hurt when the storm hit.
B. Because she was too scared to feel pain.
C. Because she used all her strength to hold on to her husband.
D. Because she had reached the cupboard and she was safe.
35. What’s the author’s purpose by writing the passage
A. To share with us her experience of surviving a tornado
B. To warn us of the danger caused by tornados
C. To show us how to fight against a tornado
D. To tell us how to protect us from dangerous tornados
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
My mother is a diligent and kind woman. She is very busy from morning till night. As a teacher, she works hard. 36 Both my brother and I love her dearly as she loves us.
My mother has been teaching math at a middle school in my hometown. She goes to work early in the morning and does not return home until late in the afternoon. 37 She treats them with patience and teaches them well. For her excellent quality and very good teaching results, she has been elected as a model teacher several times.
38 Every day, when she comes back home from work, she sets about doing housework, sweeping the living room and bedrooms or cleaning the furniture, and putting everything in good order. She seems to be busy all the time. As she has been very busy working every day, she looks older than her age. But she looks as cheerful and happy as ever. Mother never buys expensive dresses for herself, but she often buys some inexpensive but high quality clothes for us. 39 She just eats a plain meal outside when she is too busy to cook herself. She lives a busy yet simple life, without any complaints.
Often she says to us, “work while you work, and play while you play. That is the way to be happy and gay. If you do not work, you will become lazy and be of no use to society”. What a piece of good advice this is! 40 This advice of hers will always serve as a guide to my behavior. My mother is great indeed, and I always feel proud of her.
A. She enjoys listening to classic music.
B. As a mother, she takes good care of us and gives us every comfort.
C. She loves her students and cares for them.
D. She never goes to expensive restaurants to enjoy meals.
E. My mother is hard-working and never wastes money.
F. I never forget it and always bear it in my mind.
G. Can you tell us something about your mother
第三部分 语言运用 (共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I will always appreciate my father and his faith.
One summer, I remember, a drought (旱灾)hit Ontario, turning it 41 a burning desert. On one of those hot mornings I was picking sweet corn with my dad to fill the last 42 from the grocery store. Fifty dozen was all we needed, which 43 took twenty minutes. That morning, however, the process didn’t go quickly. After forty minutes of 44 walking in the field, we 45 needed twenty dozen. I was completely frustrated and angry. 46 the basket heavily, I declared, “If the store wants its last twenty dozen, they can pick it themselves! ” Dad laughed. “Just think, my little girl, only 47 dozen left for each of 48 and then we’re done. ” Such is Dad—whatever problem he 49 , he never gives up.
Dad is also a living example of real 50 . From dawn to dusk, he works countless hours to 51 our family. He always puts our happiness 52 his own, and never fails to cheer me on at my sports games 53 his tiredness after long days. His loving and selfless nature has inspired me to try to 54 others first.
Dad, the life 55 I have learned from you will stay with me forever. You are my father, teacher, friend and, most importantly, my hero.
41. A. for B. into C. in D. like
42. A. gap B. form C. order D. position
43. A. usually B. repeatedly C. finally D. really
44. A. happily B. aimlessly C. easily D. hardly
45. A. yet B. even C. still D. nearly
46. A. Cutting B. Taking C. Picking D. Dropping
47. A. five B. ten C. twenty D. fifty
48. A. them B. you C. me D. us
49. A. brings up B. meets with C. works out D. thinks about
50. A. love B. pride C. friendship D. honesty
51. A. settle B. support C. start D. impress
52. A. before B. after C. beside D. under
53. A. in terms of B. in control of C. in spite of D. in place of
54. A. putting B. cheering C. thinking D. turning
55. A. lessons B. styles C. ways D. history
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Lightning caused a forest fire in mountainous western China last month that killed 27 firefighters and four local helpers in one of the country’s 56. __________ (deadly) days for first responders, investigators said.
According to 57. __________ eyewitness in Sichuan province’s Muli county, investigators found an 18-meter pine tree split by lightning and they identified it as the fire’s 58. __________(origin) point. They said that after burning the tree, the fire spread to the thick layer of decomposed plant material on the ground known as humus(腐殖土) 59. __________ (lie) in a remote area at an altitude of around 3, 800 meters.
The 31 died after wind, dry air and flammable materials created an explosive effect. A 60. __________(survive) firefighter said the fire developed so 61. __________ (quick) that trees on the ridge were burnt out within seconds, with flames rocketing up as if “someone triggered a huge flamethrower. ”
Most of the dead 62. __________ (be) in their 20s, although at least two were teenagers. One had recently married.
China has been battling forest fires in recent weeks in 63. __________ (variety) parts of the country, including on the suburbs of Beijing. Dry weather and high winds across many northern areas are feeding the flames.
The death toll in last month’s disaster 64. __________ (appear) to be the worst among Chinese firefighters since 2015, when an explosion at a chemical warehouse in the port of Tianjin killed 173 people, most of 65. __________ were firefighters and other first responders.
第四部分 写作 (共两节, 满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
假如你是中学生李华, 上周一, 你们班举行了一次地震知识演讲比赛, 请你根据你所学的知识写一篇关于如何在地震中保护自身安全的演讲稿。内容要点如下:
1. 在教室时怎样做; 2. 在家时怎样更安全; 3. 在街上时, 要注意什么。
注意: 1. 词数80词左右;
2. 开头已给出, 不计入总词数。
参考词汇: balcony(阳台)
What to Do During an Earthquake
As we all know, an earthquake is a kind of terrible disaster. So what should we do when an earthquake comes _______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 (满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was on September 5th, my birthday, that we left Cambridge and moved away. We went to the seaside，to our holiday house，which was now to be our permanent home.
I remember the day was cold and grey， in falling slowly but constantly. My father drove in silence. No one spoke and all we could hear was the sound of the tyres on the wet road When we got to the small house near the sea，my mother quietly started to unpack the few things we had brought with us. Carol，Julie and I went down to the beach. We said we were going to look for crabs in the rockpools but actually，we just wanted to get away from our father and his cold silence.
We climbed along the rocks by the side of the beach. Julie and Carol became interested in some shells they found in one of the pools. I wandered away, lost in my private thoughts. It was my birthday, but no one had said “Happy Birthday” to me. I had not received any cards or presents.
I walked down to the seashore, where the waves were breaking lazily against the muddy sand. Suddenly, I saw something green sticking out of the water. I looked at it more carefully. The green thing moved closer and closer to the shore, and when it was almost near enough for me to touch, I realized what it was.
It was a bottle. I went over and picked it up, all the time looking at it. It seemed old, and had no label on it. Then 1 realized there was something inside. Slowly, I pulled out the wet cork from the top of the bottle. Inside was a piece of paper. With great care, 1 took out the folded paper and opened it.
Written on it were these words:
“To whomsoever finds this bottle, I promise you a new friend. ”
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1
I stared at the paper and then looked around.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2
As I opened my eyes, I found my father standing right beside me.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
第一部分 听力(共两节, 满分30分)（略）
第二部分 阅读 (共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
A
【文章大意】 本文是针对青少年的四则招聘广告。
21.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三则广告中“Do you speak another language ”可知, 这里提到的工作需要说一门外语。
22.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四则广告中“to work in our café on Saturdays”可知该工作只在星期六工作, 故它适合工作日较忙的人。
23. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据这四则广告所在分类区的左上角上的“teen”青少年, 可知这些广告主要是针对青少年的。
B
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一场飓风哈维在得克萨斯州登陆, 这场飓风引发了大范围的洪水, 导致很多人无家可归, 这样的灾难使得很多人团结起来, NFI玩家JJ Watt建立了一个众筹网站, 民众都积极参与帮助那些受灾的人。
24.【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据上下文内容可知, 像这样的灾难总能让人们团结起来。故silver lining指的是灾难发生之后的好处。故选D。
25.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段NFL player JJ Watt set up a website with a goal to raise $200, 000. Soon he has collected over $18 million, and the donations keep pouring in可知, JJ Watt对捐款数额可能会感到出乎意料。故选C。
26. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段Jim McIngvale, the owner of a furniture store, turned his two 100, 000-square-foot warehouse into shelters. 可知答案为B项。
27. 【解析】选B。主旨大意题。本文通过讲述很多人都热心地帮助那些灾民, 旨在赞扬那些无私奉献的人, 在大难面前他们无私地帮助他人。故选B。
C
【文章大意】本文告诉我们每一个人生来都可以成功, 也可以富裕, 那么区别到底在哪里 就在于你是否能够让成功的种子发芽。
28. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段 People with low self-confidence are people who do not believe that they have any power, or responsibility for their lives . . . in the weather可知, 不自信的人是因为他们不相信自己有能力, 也不相信自己能够为自己的生活做主, 他们就像随风摇摆的落叶, 故选C。
29.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第四段 Failures think that everything happens by accident while successful people realize that they are responsible 可知, 失败者总是认为事情的发生都是偶然的。故选A。
30. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第五段 We are responsible for setting our expectations. . . Our success depends upon our level of confidence可知, 人们的思想和信念决定一切, 走向成功需要对自己充满期望和自信, 故选B。
31. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。最后一段主要总结整篇文章的内容, 即要对你自己的生活负责, 要接受并坚信这一点, 这样你就会走向成功, 故选D。
D
【文章大意】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和丈夫经历龙卷风并幸存下来的故事。
32. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知丈夫是从电视节目上滚动的字幕(scrolling text)得到有龙卷风警告信息的。
33. 【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句 “No sooner had we found coverage of the tornado than it was on top of us(我们一发现有龙卷风到来, 它就已经在我们上空了)”, 可在该词义为“到来”。
34. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中If I had let go, Jimmy would have. . . into the bay (如果我放手了, Jimmy就可能会被吹到房子后面的海湾里), 可知妻子用尽了全力抓住了丈夫, 所以没有感到疼痛。
35. 【解析】选A。主旨大意题。通读全文, 可知本文主要描述了作者和丈夫是如何经历龙卷风并幸存下来的。所以作者写此文的目的就是要分享她的经历。
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
答案: 36～40. BCEDF
第三部分 语言运用 (共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章, 讲述了作者在和父亲共同劳动的过程中, 学到了积极和乐观的心态, 这让作者受益终生。
41. 【解析】选B。句意: 旱灾把Ontario变成了炙热的沙漠。turn. . . into把……变成。
42. 【解析】选C。根据上下文可知, 作者和父亲正在为杂货店的订单配货。order订单, 故选C。
43. 【解析】选A。根据后文可知, 通常情况下只需要20分钟的工作, 那一天40分钟也没有完成。故选A。
44. 【解析】选B。根据上下文可知, 那天摘玉米的过程很不顺利, 我们漫无目的地在地里走了40分钟, 还需要20打玉米。aimlessly漫无目的地。
45. 【解析】选C。根据下文If the store wants its. . . pick it themselves可以推断, 我们仍然还需要20打。
46. 【解析】选D。根据上文I was completely frustrated and angry可知, 找不够玉米, 作者很沮丧, 因此推断她重重地把篮子扔到地上。
47. 【解析】选B。根据上文可知, 仍旧还要20打, 因此作者与父亲每人仅需要再摘10打。
48.【解析】选D。根据语境可知, 父亲笑着说, 我们每个人就只剩下10打了, 然后我们就完成了。
49. 【解析】选B。根据下文he never gives up可以推断, 表示父亲——无论遇到什么问题, 他从不放弃。bring up提出, 抚养; meet with遇见; work out计算出; think about考虑。
50. 【解析】选A。根据下文His loving and selfless nature. . . others first可知, 父亲的爱和无私激励作者也开始把别人放在首位, 所以父亲是一个有爱的例子。
51. 【解析】选B。根据上文works countless hours可知, 为了养活一家人, 父亲从早到晚工作忙个不停。settle定居; support供养; impress给……留下印象; start开始。
52. 【解析】选A。根据后文可知, 父亲总是把我们的幸福放在他自己幸福的前面。
53. 【解析】选C。根据上下文可知, 即使每天长时间的劳累, 父亲也从未忘记在体育比赛中为我们加油助威。in terms of就……而言; in control of控制; in spite of尽管; in place of代替。
54. 【解析】选A。根据文章内容可知, 父亲总是把别人的幸福放在自己的幸福之前, 是一个大公无私的人, 因此推断父亲的品质也鼓舞我把别人放在首位。
55. 【解析】选A。根据下文You are my father, teacher, friend. . . hero可知, 作者将永远牢记从父亲那里学到的关于生活的经验。
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
【文章大意】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了发生在四川木里县的一场火灾给人们带来的伤害和损失。
56. 【解析】deadliest 考查形容词的最高级。根据句意“对最初的救援人员和调查人员来说, 是国家中最致命的时间之一”。
57. 【解析】an 考查冠词。第一次提到某人或某物, 可数名词前须有不定冠词。
58. 【解析】original 考查形容词。火灾的最初原因。
59. 【解析】lying 考查现在分词作定语。位于偏远地区的腐殖土。
60. 【解析】surviving 考查现在分词作定语。一位幸存下来的消防员。
61. 【解析】quickly 考查副词。此处用副词修饰动词developed。
62. 【解析】were 考查动词。多数死者都在20多岁。 根据文章可知, 此处用一般过去时态。
63. 【解析】various 考查形容词。修饰名词parts, 须用形容词。
64. 【解析】appeared 考查动词的时态。根据文章的内容和时态可知, 此处用一般过去时。
65. 【解析】whom 考查定语从句。根据句子结构可知, 此句是定语从句, 因被修饰词指人且在句中作介词of的宾语, 故用whom。
第四部分 写作 (共两节, 满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
【参考范文】
What to Do During an Earthquake
As we all know, an earthquake is a kind of terrible disaster. So what should we do when an earthquake comes
When an earthquake starts, students in the classroom should get under the desks immediately and wait until the teacher tells them it is safe to come out. However, for those who are at home, get immediately under the table in the living room or kitchen. Don’t go anywhere near the window and don’t go out onto the balcony.
If you are in the street when an earthquake happens, don’t stand near buildings, fences or walls. Move quickly to a large open place to wait. Remember that standing under trees could also be dangerous.
第二节 (满分25分)
【参考范文】
Paragraph 1
I stared at the paper and then looked around. There came a boy, who promised to be my friend. I didn’t know what to say, so I kept in silence. He told me that he wanted to be my new friend. “what was said in the paper was true” I said to myself. and he took a lot of presents for my birthday. I was very touched to receive so many gifts.it really was an amazing bottle.
Paragraph 2
As I opened my eyes, I found my father standing right beside me. My father told me that it was time for me to go to school. He asked me why I woke up so late. That’s because I had a sweet dream. In the dream, I made a new friend, and he gave me many presents to celebrate my birthday, “It’s a sweet dream.” said my father. “but one thing is true, today is your birthday. Have a look at what we got for you.” When I opened the box, it was the football I really wanted. I could have never been happier. It was then I realized that my family members were also my best friends.
