中考英语阅读理解技巧课件(共50张PPT)

(共50张PPT)
破解易错题
阅读理解
课堂导入
I would like to present a precious present to my present girl friend. However, I don't know her present address. Could you tell me how I can present it to her
我想向我现任女朋友赠送一份珍贵的礼物。然而，我不知道她现在的地址。 你能告诉我怎样才能把它呈现给她吗
5个present 意思搞得清楚吗 一词多义了解一下 不要傻傻分不清楚....
知识梳理
From Nobody to Somebody
Brian was a funny student. He loved watching comedies（喜剧）best and hoped to become a comedy actor one day.
When he heard about the talent show to be held at this school, Brian decided to take part in.He had never acted on stage（舞台）before, and he was very excited. But some students laughed at him," You are not funny but silly," Ken, one of his classmates, said to his face," No one will like what you do, " another boy also said to him, loudly.
Brian couldn't understand why they were so unkind to him. For a moment, he thought about giving up the show. But he remembered how much his friends liked his jokes, and also his teachers said he was very funny. So he decided to prepare for the show.
易错题详解 1
Brian did a great job at the talent show. Everyone loved his performance, and he won the first prize! His teachers and friends were proud of him. Even so, Ken told Brian that he was not funny, and that he would never be successful. Brian didn't understand why Ken said so, but he realized that it had nothing to do with him. He confidently continued to work towards his goal. As the years went on, Brian met more people like Ken. "you'll do a terrible job, " they said to him. Luckily, most people encouraged him and some helped him to become even funnier. He got a lot of opportunities to perform in movies. He was even invited to appear on television. His fans thanked him because his comedies made them feel good when they were unhappy.
Now Brian is a big comedy star! He is doing what he loves best. He never feels stressed like those unkind people, and he laughs all day long!
易错题详解 1
45.What did Brian love best when he was a student
A.Going to school. B. Helping classmates.
C. Watching comedies. D. Meeting new friends.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据He loved watching comedies（喜剧）best and hoped to become a comedy actor one day. 可知选C。
易错题详解 1
46. Brian decided to prepare for the show because ___________________
A.his friends liked his jokes B.he was invited by a TV station
C.he wasn't busy acting in movies D.Ken was expecting his performance
【答案】A.
【解析】细节理解题。根据But he remembered how much his friends liked his jokes, and also his teachers said he was very funny. So he decided to prepare for the show. 可知Brian决定为这次表演做准备是因为他的朋友们喜欢他的笑话，所以选A。
易错题详解 1
47. After winning the first prize, Brian__________________
A. began to understand Ken B. became a teacher of acting
C. encouraged others to join him D. continued to work towards his goal
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据He confidently continued to work towards his goal. 可知Brian在才艺秀中获得了一等奖后，继续朝着他的目标努力。故选D。
易错题详解 1
48. Brian's fans thanked him because his comedies brought them __________________
A. success B. happiness C.luck D.pride
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据His fans thanked him because his comedies made them feel good when they were unhappy. 可知，Brian的粉丝们感谢他是因为他的喜剧使他们沮丧的心情变好，即给他们带来了快乐故选B。
易错题详解 1
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了Brian的成名过程。当Brian是一名学生时，他最喜欢看喜剧，希望成为一名喜剧演员。后来他参加了才艺表演，并且获得了一等奖， 并继续朝着目标前进。 获得了很多在电影里表演的机会。他的粉丝们很感谢他。因为他的喜居给他们带来了快乐。
易错题详解 1
不少同学表示∶我单词、短语背了那么多， 平时做了那么多阅读题， 长难句也试着攻克了， 为什么还是对一些题目无从下手、选不出正确答案呢
现将阅读理解分为9种题型， 分别来教同学们如何完美锁定正确答案、拿满分!
丢分探因
一、例证题
1.例证题的标志。当题干中出现example，case，illustrate，illustration，exemplify等词语时，同学们就要立刻开启做"例证题"的模式啦!
2.回归文章，找出该例证所在的位置，即给该例子定位。
3.搜索该例证周围的区域，找出该例证支持的观点。例子周围具有概括抽象性的表达通常就是它的论点。
4.找出该论点，并与四个选项比较，得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案。
5.例证题错误答案设计的干扰特征经常是∶ 就事论事，即把例子中的某一内容写出来误导你，让你去选。
丢分探因
二、指代题
1.回归原文，找出问题中的指代词。
2.在指代词附近搜索，找最近的名词、 名词性短语或句子。（先从最近点开始找， 找不到再找次近的， 一般答案不会离得太远）
3.将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词。 看其意思是否通顺。
4.将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较，找出最佳答案。
丢分探因
三、词汇题
1.首先还是要回归原文，找出该词汇出现在哪里。
2.通过句子，确定该词汇的词性。
3.从上下文 （词汇的前后几句）中找到与所给词汇具有相同词性的词（如一下子找不到就再往上往下找）， 代入所给词汇在文章中的位置（将之替换）看语义是否合适。
4.找出选项中与代替词意思相同或相近的选相，这就是答案!
丢分探因
注意∶
（1）如果该词汇是简单词汇，则其字面意思很大可能不是正确答案。
（2）词汇题的正确答案经常蕴藏在原文该词汇出现的附近。注意不能靠单词词义直接往下推。
（3）寻找时要注意同位语、特殊标点（比如分号，分号前后两句话的逻辑关系不是形式上的并列就是语义上的并列，也就是两句话的意思相同，所以可用其中一句话的意思来推测另一句话的意思从而推出 所给词汇含义）、定语从句、前后缀等等。
丢分探因
四、句子理解题
1.回归原文找到原句。
2.对原句进行语法和词义的精确分析（找主干），应该重点抓原句的字面含义。 若该句的字面含义不能确定， 则依据上下文进行判断。
3.一般来说，选项中的正确答案与原句意思完全相同，只不过用其他英语词汇换种表达而己。
4.句子理解题的错误选项干扰项特征∶推得太远，做题时应把握住推的度。
丢分探因
五、推断题
1.推断题的标志∶learn，infer， imply， inform等。
2.看是否可以通过题干回归原文或依据选项回归原文。一般要围绕文中的一两个重点进行推理。 推理题无论通过题干能不能定位， 我们都要把它固定到文章的一两点上。
3.依据原文的意思进行三错一对的判断。 先不要进行推理， 若有一个选项跟原文的意思一模一样， 则该选项必然是正确答案。推理题不是考查同学们天马行空的想象力. 它其实是考查同学们是否读透阅读文章里的某几个点所涉及的问题。
4.推理题的最近答案原则∶不推的要比推的好， 推的近的要比推的远的好，直接推出的要比间接推的好（原文的某句话变个说法），把原文读懂才是做对推断题的关键!
丢分探因
六、主旨题
"串线摘帽"，即在自然段少的时候串串线， 串线法解不出来时， 大帽子、小帽子摘一下。
1.主旨题的标志∶mainly about，mainly discuss，the best title等。
2.串线法∶抓首段和其余各段的第一句话，把其意思连接成一个整体。要注意总结性的提示词和转折词，特别要注意中心句。（主要针对自然段少的文章，针对自然段多的文章，主旨题最好联系中心句，找一个和中心句最贴近的。）
3.很多时候，老师都会跟同学们说，首段往往就是中心主旨所在的地方。然而还是要提醒各位同学，小心首段陷阱。
丢分探因
4.主旨题错误选项的干扰特征是∶
（1）局部信息，即选项的内容小于文章的内容;
（2）范围过宽，即选项的内容大于文章的内容。
5.逆向思维法∶在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发， 想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有那些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，接近的即为正确选项。
丢分探因
七、作者态度题
1.作者态度题的标志∶ attitude
2.应精确理解四个选项的含义， 不要掺杂自己的观点。
3.可以寻找文中一些具有感彩的词。例如∶fortunately，excessively 等。
4.举例的方式。（是从正面举例，还是反面举例）
5.抓论述的主线。把第一段读透，把其他各段的段首段尾，句拉出来。 看整个文章的结构。
6.做作者态度题时同学们应该特别注意，要清楚是谁对谁的态度。
丢分探因
八、判断题
1.看能否通过四个选项具体化到原文中一点或者根据自然段原则定位。
2.每个选项都应回归原文， 不能凭主观印象进行判断。
3.要重点抓是"三错一对"还是"三对一错"的关系。（做题时要看清题目的要求，选择"正确项"，还是"错误项"。）
丢分探因
九、细节题
细节题不用多说了，最重要的就是回归原文，在文章中找出题干所在位置，得出答案。
丢分探因
十、重点注意事项
1.正确答案的特征
（1）正确答案经常与中心思想有关。
（2）正确答案的位置.最常见的三个位置是∶段首段尾，处、转折处、因果处。
（3）正确答案经常运用的原则是∶同义替换、正话反说、反话正说。
（4）正确答案经常具有概括性、深刻性。
（5）从语气角度来看， 正确答案中经常含有不肯定的语气.词和委婉表达的用词。例如∶can， may， might， possible，not necessarily等。
丢分探因
2.错误答案的特征
第一大层次∶
（1）无中生有（未提及的概念）;
（2）正反混淆（选项的意思跟原文的意思正好相反）;
（3）所答非所问（虽然选项的说法没有问题，符合原文，但和题干搭不上边）。
丢分探因
第二大层次∶
（1）过分绝对;
（2）扩大范围（注意隐蔽型的扩大范围mostly）;
（3） 因果倒置;
（4）常识判断; 如果一个选项仅仅符合常识，不一定是正确答案，还要看文章中类似的意思有没有出现; 如果一个选项不符合常识. 一定不是正答案。
（5）推得过远;
（6）偏离中心;
（7）变换词性。
丢分探因
查漏补缺
【解题步骤】
根据近几年阅读理解题的命题特点和趋势， 我们可以将阅读理解的解题步骤分为三步∶
1.通读全文，掌握大意。
2.根据试题，重点再读。
3.推理判断，确定答案。
典型例题
A（广州市中考）
Tim Berners-Lee is not the most famous inventor in the world. However, his invention has changed our lives. He was born in London, England in 1955.When he was a small boy, Tim was interested in playing with electrical things. He studied science at Oxford University. He made his first computer from an old television at the age of 21.
Tim started working on early computers. At that time, they were much bigger than now. He worked in England then Switzerland. Tim was really interested in two things, computers and how the brain works. How could the brain connect so many facts so quickly He had to work with people all over the world.
They shared information about computers. It was hard to manage all the information. He answered the same questions again and again. It took a lot of time. It was even difficult for computers in the same office in Switzerland to share information. Tim also forgot things easily. Could a computer work like a brain Could it " talk " to other computers
There was an Internet already but it was difficult to use. In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web (WWW) all by himself. This had a special language that helped computers talk to each other on the Internet. When people wanted to share information with others, they used the World Wide Web. The Internet grew quickly after that.
Tim Berners-Lee doesn't think he did anything special. He says that all of the ideas about the Internet were already there. All he did was to put them together. He says that many other people worked together to make the Internet what it is today.
Most inventors want to become rich. But Tim gave away the World Wide Web for nothing. He now works in America. He helps people share technology and wants the Internet to be free for everyone to use. Maybe he is the most important but least famous inventor in the world today!
31. What was Tim Berners-Lee interested in
A.Looking for jobs in different cities. B.Talking to people around the world.
C. Studying how to connect computers. D.Exploring how to improve memory.
32. The underlined word "It" in Paragraph 3 refers to " .
A. Working on early computers B. Connecting different facts together
C. Travelling to the office in Switzerland D. Repeating the answers to the same questions
33.Why is Tim Berners-Lee one of the most important men in the world
A. He made information sharing on the Internet possible. B. He made the first computer when he was 21 years old.
C. He helped people understand better how the brain works. D. He invented the Internet and made it free for everyone to use.
34.In what order did the following events take place
a. Tim worked in England. b. Tim worked in Switzerland. c. Tim made his first computer.
d. Tim invented the World Wide Web. e. Tim studied science at Oxford University.
A.e-b-a-c-d B.c-e-d-a-b C.c-d-a-e-b D.e-c-a-b-d
35. What does the writer think of Tim Berners-Lee
A. He is not famous because he is not rich. B.He has changed our lives and he is great.
C.He did nothing special but make people a good life. D. He has made great achievements in memory research.
【文章大意】主要介绍发明万维 网的应该发明家Tim Berners Lee. 他在21岁时制作了第一台电脑，1989年发明了万维网，有助于计算机在互联网上交流. 他还免费把这个技术分享给其他人， 免费供大家使用. 也许他是当今世界上最重要但最不出名的发明家!
31.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句When he was a small boy，Tim was interested in playing with electrical things.当他还是个小男 孩的时候，提姆对玩电器很感兴趣。及第三段Tim was really interested in two things， computers and how the brain works.可知，提姆真的对两件事感兴趣∶ 电脑和大脑的运作方式。可知应该是"研究口何连接计算机。故选C。
32.D【解析】词义猜测题。根据上句He answered the same questions again and again. 他一次又一次地解答了同样的问题。可知，"它是很难的在瑞士同一个办公室的计算机共享信息." 中的it针对的是 "重复同一问题的答案"，故选D。
33.A【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段He helps people share technology and wants the Internet to be free for everyone to use. Maybe he is the most important but least famous inventor in the world today! 他帮助人们分享技术，希望互联网可以免费供大家使用，也许他是当令世界上最重要但最不出名的发明家! 可知，他是世界上最重要的人因为他使互联网上的信息共享成为可能。故选A。
34.D【解析】细节理解题。a提姆在英国工作，b提姆在瑞士工作，c提姆制作了他的第一台计算机，d提姆发明了万维网，e提姆在牛津大学学习科学。根据第二段第三句He studied science at Oxford University.他在牛津大学学习科学。可知，e是第一。根据第二段最后一句He made his first computer from an old television at the age of 21∶他21岁时从一台旧曰电视机上制造了他的第一台电脑，可知c是第二。根据第三段第三句He worked in England then Switzerland. 他当时在英国工作，然后在瑞士工作，可知，a是第三。b是第四，最后发明了万维网，d是第五。先后顺序是e-c-a-b-d，选D。
35.B【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段But Tim gave away the World Wide Web for nothing. "大多数发明家都想致富，但提姆无偿赠送了万维网， 他现在在美国工作，他帮助人们分享技术，希望互联网免费供大家使用，也许他是当今世界上最重要但最不出名的发明家!"，可知，他改变了我们的生活，他是伟大的。故选B。
课堂练习
A
A farmer bought an old and run-down farm. The fields were grown over with weeds， the farmhouse was falling apart，and the fences（篱笆）were broken all around. The roads were hidden because of the grass that was growing madly.And there were not any animals on it. However, the farmer planned to turn it into a pleasant and loving place.
During his first day of work， the town preacher（牧师）passed by. He looked at the farmer and then the mess, saying, "May you and God work together to make this the farm of your dreams!"
A few months later, the preacher came again to call on the farmer. He was so surprised to see a completely different place——the farmhouse is rebuilt and in excellent condition, there were plenty of cows, sheep, hens and other livestock eating happily in the fence which had already been well repaired, and the fields were filled with crops planted in rows. A lot of flowers and small trees were growing along the road. He even saw some ducks swimming in a small pool. "Amazing!" the preacher said. "Look what God and you have finished together! "
" Yes, " answered the farmer," but remember what the farm was like when God was working it alone! "
1. What was the farm like at first
A. It was old and broken. B. It was full of grass. C. There were many animals on it. D.Both A and B.
2. What does the underlined sentence mean
A. He thinks it is impossible for the farmer to achieve his dream.
B. He thinks God can help the farmer.
C. He thinks if the farmer and God work together, the dream will come true.
D. He thinks the farmer can finish the job easily.
3.What happened to the farm a few months later
A. The farm became a completely different place. B. The farmer rebuilt the house and feed many livestock.
C. The fields were filled with crops, and flowers and trees are along the road instead of wild grass. D.All of above.
【文章大意】这篇短文讲的是一个农民通过自己的努力把一个废弃的农场改造成一个井井有条、 生机盎然的地方的故事。
1.D【解析】细节理解题。根据文中第一自然段的描述可知一开始这个农场是一个破烂不堪、长满野草的地方，故选D。
2.A【解析】句 意理解题。根据文中画线句子及语境可知，这个牧师认为这个农民把农场收拾好是不可能的，故选A。
3.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三自然段的描述可知选D。
课堂小结
课后检测
（北京 门头沟区初三期末）
Different types of maps have different uses. Tourist maps, for example, have signs to show places of interest in an area. When tourists read these maps, it is easy for them to find where to go and what to see in a place and it is easy for them to go and find their ways to these places.
Road maps show large areas so that people can plan long journeys. Different types of roads are given different numbers. For example, if you want to go to Wood Green, you just follow No.621 Road and keep looking at the road signs.
Distribution maps（分布图）use colors or signs to show facts about an area. For example,where different languages are spoken, how many people live in an area, how cold and hot some places are, or whether a place is short of water.
Some maps, such as railway maps, use straight lines to show everything. This is easy for people to read.Trains are fast. People don't have to think about small places they go past. They just need to know the two ends of their trips.
1.Jim is visiting the Summer Palace. Which map does he need most
A.A tourist map. B.A railway map. C. A distribution map. D.A road map.
2.How can you tell different roads on road maps
A. By using different colors. B.By finding the numbers.
C.By following No.621 Road. D.By looking at the road signs.
3. Which of the following can distribution maps tell us
A. How to get to Lakeside. B. How to plan a long journey.
C.Where a famous museum is. D. How many people live in a place.
4.Why do railway maps use straight lines
A. Because railways are straight. B.Because people can read them easily.
C.Because people like straight lines. D.Because railways have only two ends.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了不同地图的不同作用。
１．Ａ【解析】细节理解题。去颐和园，应该去颐和园，应该用旅游地图，这样容易找到要去的地方和怎么走。故选Ａ。
２．Ｂ【解析】细节理解题。根据第二幅图：Different types of roads are give different numbers. 句意：不同类型的道路有不同的号码，故选Ｂ。
３．Ｄ【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的how many people live in an area 可知选项口符合题意。
４．Ｂ【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的use straight lines to show everything. This is easy for people to read. 可知答紧应选Ｂ。
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