2022-2023高二上学期 英语专题培优训练 阅读理解 说明文（通用版）（Word版含答案）
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2022-2023高二上学期英语名校试题专题培优
阅读理解之 说明文10篇（通用版）
Passage 1
（浙江省七彩阳光联盟2022-2023高二上11月检测）
Ever fought with a problem Picked up a new skill Encountered a difficult concept The language of learning is full of references to parts of the body outside the brain. Perhaps that’s because these phrases suggest something deeper. Researchers are detecting that learning is easier, quicker and more long-lasting if it involves the body.
“In the past, people have argued that as we grow, we become more able to think abstractly (抽象地),” says Andrew Manches, a psychologist at the University of Edinburgh in the UK. Conventional (传统的) thinking might suggest that teachers should help prevent children from using body gestures to prepare them for the adult world. But in truth, the physical world never really leaves our thinking. For example, when we process verbs such as lick, kick and pick, medical scanners show that the parts of our brain that control the muscles in our face, legs and hands, respectively, light up with activity.
Science is beginning to back up the idea that actions really might speak louder than words in the classroom. Spencer Kelly, a psychologist at Colgate University in New York, has found that people spend three times as much time gesturing when they think the message they get across is remarkably important, suggesting that even if only at the subconscious (潜意识的) level, we appreciate the communicative value of our body language. Kelly has also found evidence that a teacher is more appealing to students when he or she uses arm and hand movements to stress points.
Also, some studies indicate that young children obtain more if their teacher uses gestures when explaining a concept. Meanwhile, Sunsan Wagner Cook, a psychologist at the University of Iowa in Iowa City, has found that children pick up new concepts more effectively, if they are taught to mirror and repeat gestures their teacher uses.
32. How did people in the past understand learning
A. The older a student grows, the less likely he will think abstractly.
B. Teachers are advised to encourage students to use body gestures.
C. Body gestures should be removed to promote adult-like thinking.
D. The physical world never really leaves our thinking.
33. How did the author make us believe the truth of the discovery
A. By presenting different researches. B. By explaining some rules.
C. By making some predictions. D. By analyzing the theory.
34. What can we learn from Spencer Kelly’s study
A. People use gestures every time they convey the messages.
B. Body movements can increase a teacher’s popularity.
C. Young students like to mirror their teacher’s gestures.
D. Body language is more powerful than spoken language.
35. What is the main idea of the text
A. The Language of Learning: A Vital Approach
B. Body Gestures: A Sharp Tool for Fast Learning
C. Body Language: A Universal Language Signal
D. Thinking Abstractly: A Symbol of Adult World
Passage 2
（2022·吉林·长春外国语学校高二期中）
Discoveries at the famous Sanxingdui ruins in Southwest China show that the region’s ancient Shu Kingdom Civilization shared similarities with the Maya.
The Sanxingdui ruins belonged to the Shu Kingdom that existed at least 4,800 years ago and lasted more than 2,000 years, while the Mayan civilization built its city-states around 200 AD．
The bronze-made remains of trees unearthed at the ruins of the Shu Kingdom resemble the sacred ceiba tree, which symbolized the union of heaven, earth and the underworld in the Mayan civilization. “They are very important similarities,” says Santos, a Mexican archaeologist (考古学家) stressing that “the representations of trees in both cultures provide a symbolism that is very similar”.
The findings at the Sanxingdui ruins, considered one of the greatest archaeological discoveries of the 20th century, also show a new aspect of Bronze Age culture, indicating the ancient civilization already had technologies that were thought to have been developed much later.
While the time span between the Shu kingdom and the Mayan culture is great, the findings highlight the closeness between the two civilizations. They developed in areas with comparable climates and reflected their worldview through related symbols. “In the end, man is still man, independent of time and space. What we have is that, at this latitude (纬度), both the Shu people and the Mayans looked at the same sky and had the same stars on the horizon,” the expert says.
One notable feature of the recent discoveries at Sanxingdui was the cross-subject work and technology applied by teams of Chinese archaeologists, which allowed the unearthing of artifacts as fragile as silk remains, which other types of less careful digging methods would not have been able to register.
Cooperation between Chinese and Mexican archaeologists could benefit projects in the Mayan world, where the rainy climate and humidity are problematic for the conservation of ruins.
“Every time our cultural knowledge increases, regardless of whether we speak one language or another, what it shows us is that we continue to be sister cultures and, therefore, the exchange of such knowledge is fundamental,” says Santos.
1．What is a similarity between the Shu Kingdom and Maya civilization
A．Their starting time.
B．Their historical origins.
C．Their cultural symbols.
D．Their ceremony traditions.
2．The findings at the Sanxingdui ruins have proved that ________.
A．silk was a common clothing material then
B．some technologies were developed much earlier
C．the Bronze Age started earlier than previously assumed
D．the Shu Kingdom and the Mayan world had close contact
3．What is a common challenge for the conservation of both ruins
A．Damp weather. B．Positioning of ruins.
C．High latitude. D．Language barriers.
4．What is the focus of Santos quote in the last paragraph
A．Our cultural knowledge is increasing.
B．The benefits of speaking a different language.
C．The increasing sisterhood in culture between China and Mexico.
D．The importance of the exchange of cultural knowledge.
Passage 3
（广东省揭阳普宁市2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试试卷英语试卷）
）
The ability to regrow or recreate missing body parts sounds more like part of a science fiction story than reality. But researchers are finding evidence that regrowing human body parts may be possible someday in the future with improvements in technology. They imagine using 3D-printing to make a kidney for someone in need of a replacement. They also talk about possibly using bioelectricity(生物电流)to cause cells to build new tissue and organs.
These ideas and others were discussed earlier this month at the World Science Festival in New York City. The presentation was called “Forever Young: The Promise of Human Regeneration.” Scientists talked about the future of regenerative medicine which combines the body’s ability to heal itself with progress in biomedical engineering.
Dany Spencer Adams is a research professor at Tufts University in Massachusetts. He said that researchers have found that bioelectrical signals(生物电信号)can lead to cellular processes in frog tadpoles. He said such signals may someday start the formation of nerves, muscles and other body parts. “This is the cells themselves using electricity to communicate,” he said. In an experiment, a frog re-grew one of its legs in six months. But scientists first had to make changes in the characteristics of the animal’s cells.
Researchers say they have a lot more work to do before the process can be used on human beings. They have to learn which bioelectric signals can influence the formation of which organs. Adams says “it’s better to regenerate that organ so that you don’t have issues of the immune system attacking, the way we do now with transplants. The hope is that we’ll be able to help the body create a better replacement—really, a perfect replacement, for the person of exactly what they’ve lost.”
Jonathan Butcher is a professor and biomedical engineer at Cornell University in New York. He and other researchers have combined mechanical engineering with developmental biology to create working heart valves from 3D-printed tissue. Children may get the most help from engineered organs or partial organs that can grow as the child does.
12. How did researchers prove that bioelectrical signals can lead to cellular processes
A. By giving examples. B. By doing experiments.
C. By explaining statistical data. D. By stating argument.
13. What kinds of work will scientists have to do before the process can be used on human beings
A. To do much more research.
B. To do a series of experiments based on their theory.
C. To make changes in the characteristics of the animal’s cells.
D. To learn which bioelectric signals can influence the formation of which organs.
14. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. Looking for Missing Body Parts. B. Re-Growing Human Body Parts.
C. Improvements in Technology. D. Progress in Biomedical Engineering.
15. Where can the text be found
A. A history book. B. A fiction book.
C. A science magazine. D. An art magazine.
Passage4 （2022-2023年高二上学期广东省三校联考）
To show empathy is to identify with another’s feelings. It is to emotionally put yourself in the place at another. The ability to empathize is directly dependent on your ability to feel your own feelings and identify them.
If you have never felt a certain feeling, it will be hard for you to understand how another person is feeling. If you have never put your hand in a flame, you will not know the pain of fire. If you have not experienced jealousy, you will not understand its power. Reading about a feeling and intellectually knowing about it is very different than actually experiencing it for yourself.
Among those with an equal level of emotional intelligence, the person who has actually experienced the widest range and variety of feelings —the great depths of depression and the heights of fulfillment, for example, —is the one who is most able to empathize. On the other hand, when we say that someone “can’t relate to” other people, it is likely because they haven’t experienced, acknowledged or accepted many feelings of their own. Once you have felt discriminated against, for example, it is much easier to relate with someone else who has been discriminated against. Our innate emotional intelligence gives us the ability to quickly recall those instances and form associations when we encounter discrimination again. We then can use the “reliving” of those emotions to guide our thinking and actions. This is one of the ways nature slowly evolves towards a higher level of survival.
For this process to work, the first step is that we must be able to experience our own emotions. This means we must be open to them and not distract ourselves from them or try to numb ourselves from our feelings through drugs, alcohol, etc.
Next, we need to become aware of what we are actually feeling —to acknowledge, identify, and accept our feelings. Only then can we empathize with others. That is one reason why it is important to work on your own emotional awareness and sensitivity, that is, to be “in touch with” your feelings.
How does the author explain the feelings of empathy
A. By giving examples. B. By having classification.
C. By making comparison. D. By providing data.
48. Which statement may the author agree with
A. Low level of empathy leads to fewer varieties of feelings.
B. The deeper one’s feelings are, the more empathetic one is.
C. Empathy is a way we recently picked up for better survival.
D. Rich experiences may not go with a high level of empathy.
49. What’s the purpose of the last two paragraphs
A. To advise a sincere attitude to one’s experiences.
B. To suggest a right understanding of empathy.
C. To require a real bond with one’s emotions.
D. To call for true acceptance of one’s identity.
50. What is the best title for the text
A. How Empathy Unfolds B. Be Open to Your Emotions
C. Why Is Empathy Important D. Accept Your True Self
Passage 5
（汕尾市2021-2022学年度第一学期全市高中二年级教学质量监测）
Compared with some other parts of the world, Canada is not a country with a lot of particularly flashy traditions - which isn't to say none exist. In general, it's the aging process, and the various "key dates" that occur as a Canadian moves from babyhood to adulthood that tend to be the most celebrated and ritualized(仪式化了的）moments in mainstream Canadian culture.
Canadian couples will generally announce their pregnancy with great pride to friends and family as soon as they're aware, and it's common for girlfriends of the expecting mother to organize a baby shower-a small, lighthearted house party - to honour the new mom sometime before she gives birth. Shortly after the child is born, it's similarly customary for friends of the parents to visit and give at least one baby gift, usually a toy or clothes, to express congratulations.
If there's one thing Canadians love celebrating,it's the anniversary(周年纪念日)of their own birth. In recent years, birthdays have risen to become one of the most tradition-rich spectacles of Canadian culture. During childhood, most parents will arrange birthday parties for their children on the special day (or the closest available weekend), a fun excuse for the birthday boy or girl to gather up all their schoolyard friends and spend the afternoon hanging out. In their teenage years and adulthood, they begin to assume greater control over their own birthday plans.
Completing a phase of school in Canada is almost always celebrated with a fancy graduation ceremony. In their final year of high school (and sometimes middle school as well), students will celebrate the completion of their studies with some sort of party organized by the school, usually known as "grad night". These usually take the form of a fancy dress gala(庆典，盛会,演出）held at a local hotel,complete with a dinner,dancing and lots of awkwardly-posed photographs.
28. Which is a birth tradition in Canada
A. Keeping the pregnancy a secret to others.
B. Holding a baby shower by the elders.
C. Gathering friends and relatives for a party.
D. Visiting the newly-born with a present.
29. What do we know about birthday celebrations in Canada
A. They are only held on that very day of birth.
B. They are popular among Canadian families.
C. The parties are always planned by parents.
D. Adults don't celebrate their own birthdays.
30. What preparation might students need to do for their graduation ceremony
A. They need to wear fancy clothes.
B. They need to organize a party.
C. They need to complete a study.
D. They need to learn photography.
31. How does the author organize the description of Canadian traditions
A. From general features to specific.
B. By comparing traditions worldwide.
C. According to regional differences.
D. In the order of a child's growth process.
Passage 6
（河南省名校联盟2022~2023学年高二年级开学考）
In the digital age, we rely on technology such as social media in trying to build interesting and varied lives. Social networking sites like Facebook are designed and promoted to make us believe enthusiastically that they are able to open up new experiences for us. There are constant notifications (通知) and updates, urging us to check-in to find out what is new.
But if we do not use the technology wisely, we can end up becoming overly attached and trapped in a cycle of social media FOMO, a sign of deeper unhappiness. FOMO, or fear of missing out, is a fear that exciting or interesting events are happening somewhere else and that we are not able to join.
People who experience high levels of FOMO have been found to be more likely to give in to urges to write and check text messages while driving, as well as to use Facebook more often directly after waking, while going to sleep and during meals.
When it comes to lasting happiness, it is best not to give in to FOMO, but rather to deal with the cycle of desires that fuel it. Hard as it is, we are better off working toward facing the fearful reality that we cannot experience everything we might like than to get caught in a cycle of checking behaviors that only cause anxiety.
If we have become used to using social media as part of our attempts at living interesting lives, we must admit that it is not easy to change our approach. But change is almost always worthwhile in the long run.
The fact that FOMO is so common in our digital age is a sign that there is something wrong with the way we are pursuing happiness and that we are not as happy as we might think we are. It should warn us that, in our eagerness to use digital technology to try to make ourselves happier, we may unintentionally (无意之中) be bringing on exactly the opposite result.
8. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. The digital age has arrived.
B. Sites give netizens useful experiences.
C. People have fallen into modern technology.
D. Social media are designed to attract public attention.
9. Which of the following could be regarded as social media FOMO
A. Failing to use Facebook. B. Answering a call during shopping,
C. Reading text messages on reaching offices. D. Checking Facebook while driving.
10. Why does the author suggest avoiding FOMO
A. To gain long-time happiness. B. To speed the cycle of desires.
C. To work much better. D. To reduce fearful reality.
11. What can be learned from the last paragraph
A. Everybody has experienced FOMO.
B. Digital technology may make us unhappier.
C. Pursuing happiness is a sign of the digital age.
D. People may unintentionally get lost in technology.
Passage 7
（河南省名校联盟2022~2023学年高二年级开学考）
In WALL-E a science fiction movie, a little robot is responsible for cleaning a world covered in garbage; a world where there is no longer room for anything else, not even humans! The film encourages common people, worldwide leaders and businessmen to ask the obvious question: What can be done to prevent something like this happening For some, microfactories could become the most promising answer.
Veena Sahajwalla, a materials scientist and engineer in Sydney, Australia, has discovered a solution to the challenging waste problem. Her one-stop approach could go beyond the existing recycling processes. Her waste microfactories mainly target electronic waste and plastic, and are essentially little trash processors. These can transform waste into new materials with the help of thermal(热的) technology.
“Using our green manufacturing technologies, these microfactories can transform waste, enabling local businesses and communities to not only solve local waste problems, but to develop a commercial opportunity from the valuable materials that are created,” she explains.
Humans generate 2.01 billion tons of solid waste annually. And as the fastest growing waste stream, approximately 53.6 million tons of e-waste were generated globally by 2019. Despite current efforts, only 17.4 percent of this is known to have been collected and properly recycled. Meanwhile, worldwide e-waste generation is expected to continue to grow, reaching almost 80 million tons by 2030.
Although the most effective solution to the waste challenges would not generate as much trash, Sahajwalla microfactories provide hope for all the waste that already exists. Her solution not only decreases the amount of waste, but it also improves its management and enables new manufacturing opportunities around the new materials created.
WALL-E shows us the best and the worst of what human beings have to offer. It shows where the world is headed unless the human species slows down and stops developing at the current pace. But it also provides hope, showing that we also have a great power to change and improve.
12. What’s the aim to write the first paragraph
A. To tell us what WALL-E is about. B. To show the wide future of robots.
C. To introduce the use of microfactories. D. To praise Veena Sahajwalla’s contribution
13. What do we know about Veena Sahajwalla
A. She is a top scientist in Australia. B. She has been devoted to garbage factories.
C. Her waste microfactories are practical. D. Her trash processors are being widely promoted.
14. How does the fourth paragraph develop
A By making contrasts. B. By listing relevant figures.
C. By summarizing the above. D. By analyzing cause and effect.
15. What’s the author’s attitude towards microfactories
A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Unclear. D. Indifferent
Passage 8
（2022学年第一学期浙江省精诚联盟10月联考高二年级英语学科 ）
“What s your favorite color ” is a common question, particularly among children. However, there is a new color that might offer a partial solution to global warming by one day reducing the need for air conditioning (AC).
According to the Environmental Protection Agency, AC only contributes a part of global greenhouse gas emissions. But that threat will continue to grow as temperatures rise with climate change, and people install(安装) more AC units. Responding to this threat, researchers at Purdue University sought to replace the need for conditioning power and invented the world’s whitest paint. It is so white that it could efficiently reflect enough sunlight to cool off buildings.
In 2021, the researchers focused on two key elements of the white paint. The first is that the chemical compound barium sulfate (BasO3) can effectively reflect light. The second is that BaSO3 particles vary in size allowing the paint to reflect and scatter more incoming light. The ultra-white paint reflects 98.1% of solar radiation and sends out infrared heat(红外线热量) at the same time. Using highly accurate temperature-reading technology, researchers found that the paint kept surfaces 34.2℃ cooler, even during the hottest hours of the day.
The white paint can be a suitable alternative to conventional AC. Air cooling power uses an estimated 5 kilowatts per 1000 square meter, but the researchers demonstrated that their white paint could double that amount of power. If this innovation is applied to the surface of buildings, AC will be replaced with paint.
The team is optimistic about getting this paint onto the market. They are currently working with a company to commercialize it. The whitest white color can change the way people think about their cooling systems. Instead of installing large AC units that already use a lot of electrical power, people can turn to just a few coats of the world’s whitest paint to do the same job.
32. Why did the researchers develop the ultra-white paint
A. To cut the expense of decorating buildings.
B. To improve the cooling effect of air conditioners.
C. To harvest more sunlight to warm up rooms.
D. To reduce the release of greenhouse gases.
33. What does paragraph 3 mainly focus on
A. The cooling principle of the paint.
B. The process of producing the paint.
C. The impact of Baso3 on global climate.
D. The advantages of temperature-reading technology.
34. What can we expect of the ultra-white paint in the future
A. It will dominate the paint market.
B. It will change people’s lifestyles greatly.
C. It will help reduce energy consumption.
D. It will earn a big profit for the company.
35. What’s the team’s attitude towards the commercialization of the paint
A. negative B. positive C. pessimistic D. disapproval
C
Even though water covers about 71 percent of the Earth’s surface, not all of it is safe to drink. In fact, less than three percent is fresh water, according to the United States Bureau of Reclamation. Most of the water is contained in the oceans and must be desalinated (脱盐)for use. Now researchers from MIT have developed a suitcase-sized desalination device that could be used to produce clean drinking water.
The new portable device produces water that actually goes beyond the World Health Organization standards, just by pushing a button, according to a press release from MIT. There are no filters required. The device powered by a small portable solar panel uses electricity to remove salt and other particles from the saltwater. This eliminates the need for repeatedly checking or repairing it.
Now most available portable desalination units use filters that require high-pressure pumps to push the water, which makes them heavier and less energy efficient. The filterless feature of the new device will allow it to be used in faraway places or places with limited resources like small islands and ships, and even for emergencies.
“This is really the highest point of a 10-year journey that I and my group have been on. We worked for years on the physics behind individual desalination processes, but pushing all those advances into a box, building a system, and testing it in the ocean were really meaningful experiences for me,” says Jongyoon Han, the senior author of the study.
After the researchers ran tests in the lab, the device was ready for field tests. At Boston’s Carson Beach, the device filled a plastic drinking cup with clear, drinkable water in just half an hour. Now the researchers are still working on a final design that could use cheaper materials so that it can be available to the general public, and a new model of the device could be ready by the end of 2022. This small but powerful desalination unit may be the key to bringing safe water to a thirsty world.
8. What does the underlined word “eliminates” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Proves. B. Creates. C. Satisfies. D. Removes.
9. What can we infer about the device from Paragraph 3
A. It allows high production of clean water. B. It makes a breakthrough in application
C. It may provide power for faraway places D. It can replace most desalination devices.
10. What do Jongyoon Han’s words suggest
A. The public thinks highly of the device
B. The testing system for the device has been out of date.
C. Developing the device is challenging but worthwhile.
D. Further studies are needed before marketing the device.
11. Which aspect of the device are the researchers trying to improve
A. Its affordability. B. The energy it needs.
C. Its performance in dry areas. D. The purity of the water it produces.
Passage 10
（2021-2022学年第一学期 高二期中（广附，广外，铁一）三校联考试卷）
A blue hole is a special kind of underwater cave found inland or in the sea, which forms when the earth above a cave falls in and water fills the space.
An inland blue hole’s water is very still and has different layers. A layer of fresh rainwater floats on top of salt water; the fresh water keeps oxygen from the atmosphere from reaching the salt water; brightly colored bacteria live where the two layers meet.
Diving into blue holes is extremely dangerous. Near the top of the blue hole, there is a layer of toxic gas, which causes itching, dizziness, and—in large amounts—death. Divers must also be fast. They have to get in and out of a cave before their oxygen runs out. Additionally, divers have to follow a guideline as they swim through a blue hole because it is very dark inside. Without the guideline, they may get lost.
If blue holes are so dangerous, why do explorers and scientists risk their lives to explore them The reason is that these underwater caves can provide valuable scientific information. They provide clues about geology, archaeology, and biology. For example, some blue hole creatures, such as the remipede, probably haven’t changed for millions of years.
The blue holes could even provide clues about astrobiology. For example, divers have found bacteria there that can live without oxygen. Astrobiologist Kevin Hand says the bacteria may be similar to forms of life that might exist on Jupiter’s fourth largest moon, Europa. “Our study of life’s extremes on Earth,” he says, can help increase “our understanding of habitable environments off Earth.”
In addition, the oxygen-free environment of the blue holes preserves bones of humans and animals that fell into the caves long ago. By studying blue holes, we can understand what life was like in prehistoric times. As cave diver Kenny Broad says, “I can think of no other environment on Earth that is so challenging to explore and gives us back so much scientifically.”
38. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 1
A. The structure of a blue hole. B. The location of a blue hole.
C. The formation of a blue hole. D. The definition of a blue hole.
39. Where can bright-colored bacteria be found
A. In the saltwater layer.
B. In the freshwater layer.
C. In between the freshwater and saltwater layers.
D. In both of the freshwater and saltwater layers.
40. Which of the following best explains the underlined word
A. The study of life on Earth.
B. The study of life in the universe.
C. The study of life in prehistoric times.
D. The study of life in oxygen-free environment.
41. Which of the following can best describe blue holes
A. They’re oxygen-free and lifeless. B. They’re poisonous and dark.
C. They’re death zones and mazelike. D. They’re free of air and light.
答案：
Passage 1 32-35 CABB
Passage 2
1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我国三星堆遗址和玛雅文明的相似之处，并告诉我们文化知识交流的重要性。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段内容“The bronze-made remains of trees unearthed at the ruins of the Shu Kingdom resemble the sacred ceiba tree, which symbolized the union of heaven, earth and the underworld in the Mayan civilization. “They are very important similarities,” says Santos, a Mexican archaeologist (考古学家) stressing that “the representations of trees in both cultures provide a symbolism that is very similar”.”（在蜀国遗址出土的青铜制树木遗骸类似于神圣的木棉树，它象征着玛雅文明中天、地与阴间的结合。墨西哥考古学家桑托斯强调，“这两种文化中树木的象征意义非常相似”，他说：“它们有着非常重要的相似之处。”）可知，在蜀国遗址出土的青铜制树木遗骸类似于玛雅文明中神圣的木棉树，蜀国与玛雅文明这两种文化中树木的象征意义非常相似，由此可知，蜀国与玛雅文明的相似之处在于他们有相似的文化象征。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段内容“The findings at the Sanxingdui ruins, considered one of the greatest archaeological discoveries of the 20th century, also show a new aspect of Bronze Age culture, indicating the ancient civilization already had technologies that were thought to have been developed much later.”（三星堆遗址的发现被认为是20世纪最伟大的考古发现之一，它也展示了青铜时代文化的一个新方面，表明古代文明已经有了被认为是在很久以后发展起来的技术。）可知，三星堆遗址的发现表明古代文明已经有了被认为是在很久以后发展起来的技术，换句话说，古代的一些技术要比我们认为的发展得更早，由此可知，三星堆遗址的发现证明了一些技术发展得更早。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据第五段关键句“They developed in areas with comparable climates and reflected their worldview through related symbols.”（他们在气候相似的地区发展，并通过相关象征反映他们的世界观。）和倒数第二段内容“Cooperation between Chinese and Mexican archaeologists could benefit projects in the Mayan world, where the rainy climate and humidity are problematic for the conservation of ruins.”（中国和墨西哥考古学家之间的合作可能有利于玛雅世界的项目，那里多雨的气候和湿度对遗址的保护造成了困难。）可知，三星堆遗址和玛雅文明所处地区气候相似，多雨潮湿的气候对玛雅文明的保护造成了困难，由于气候相似，多雨潮湿的气候也对三星堆遗址的保护造成了困难，由此可知，保护这两处遗址的共同挑战是潮湿的天气。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容““Every time our cultural knowledge increases, regardless of whether we speak one language or another, what it shows us is that we continue to be sister cultures and, therefore, the exchange of such knowledge is fundamental,” says Santos.”（桑托斯说：“每当我们的文化知识增加时，无论我们说的是一种语言还是另一种语言，这都表明我们仍然是姐妹文化，因此，这种知识的交流是至关重要的。”）可知，桑托斯认为知识的交流是至关重要的，由此可知，在最后一段引用桑托斯的话的重点是表明文化知识交流的重要性。故选D项。
Passage 3：
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们正在致力于研究人体器官再生的可能性，并且在一个实验中成功地让青蛙长出了一条腿。不过，在这项技术应用到人类身上之前，还有很多研究需要完成。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“He said that researchers have found that bioelectrical signals(生物电信号)can lead to cellular processes in frog tadpoles.(他说，研究人员已经发现，生物电信号可以导致青蛙蝌蚪内部产生细胞的过程。)”以及“In an experiment, a frog re-grew one of its legs in six months.(在一项实验中，一只青蛙在六个月内重新长出了一条腿。)”可推断，科学家是通过做实验的方式来证明生物电信号能够促进细胞成长这一过程。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“They have to learn which bioelectric signals can influence the formation of which organs.(他们必须了解哪些生物电信号会影响哪些器官的形成。)”可知，在应用到人类身上之前，要了解哪个生物信号影响哪个器官形成，故选D。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The ability to regrow or recreate missing body parts sounds more like part of a science fiction story than reality. But researchers are finding evidence that regrowing human body parts may be possible someday in the future with improvements in technology.(再生或重建身体缺失部位的能力听起来更像是科幻故事的一部分，而不是现实。但研究人员正在寻找证据，证明随着技术的进步，未来某一天人体器官的再生可能成为可能。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了人类器官的再生。所以“Re-Growing Human Body Parts.(再生人体器官。)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知，文章主要讲述了人类器官再生的可能性以及需要做的研究。再根据最后一段“He and other researchers have combined mechanical engineering with developmental biology to create working heart valves from 3D-printed tissue.(他和其他研究人员已经将机械工程与发育生物学结合起来，利用3D打印组织制造出了可工作的心脏瓣膜。)”可知，这篇文章是科普说明文，文章介绍了一项新的科学研究成果，所以这样的文章应出现在科学杂志上。故选C。
Passage 4 47-50. ADCA
（1）A.推理判断题。通过文章第二
段"If you have never felt a certain feeling， it v be hard for you to understand how another pu is feeling.If you have never put your hand in a flame, you will not know the pain of fire.If y have not experienced jealousy, you will not u its power.（如果你从来没有把你的手放在火焰中，你就不会知道被火烧的疼痛。如果你没有经历过嫉妒，你就不会理解它会产生什么影响。）"可推知，作者通过举例说明解释什么是同理心。故选A项。
（2）B.推理判断题。通过文章第三段
Among those with an equal level of emotional intelligence, the person who has actually exp the widest range and variety of feelings--the great depths of depression and the height of fulfillment, for example, is the one who is most able to empathize.On the other hand, v we say that someone "can't relate" to other p , it is likely because they haven't experienced , acknowledged or accepted many feelings ol their own.（在那些情商水平相同的人中，真正经历过最强烈最丰富的情感的人，如那些遭遇过深深的抑郁或享受过最大的满足感的人，是最能够同情他人的。另一方面，当我们认为有些人不能够与其他人"产生联系"时，很可能是因为他们自己没有经历、承认或接受过他们自己的情感。）"可知，一个人的感情越深，他就越有同情心。故选B项。
（3）C.推理判断题。通过文章最后一
段"Next， we need to become aware of what v are actually feeling--
to acknowledge, identify, and accept our fee
（接下来，我们需要意识到我们实际的感受---.
--承认、认同和接受我们的感受。）"可推知，文章最后两段呼吁大家真正接受自己的感受，才能做到对他人产生共情。故选C项。
（4）A.标题归纳题。通读全文，再结合文章最后一
段"Only then can we empathize with others. （只有这样，我们才能同情他人。）"可推知本文主要介绍了如何对他人具有同理心。A项同理心如何展现"符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选A项。
Passage 5
28-30 DBAD
本文主要介绍加拿大庆祝出生、生日和毕业的传统习俗。
28.D 细节题，考查学生从文本中获取信息的能力。根据第二段“if's similarly customary for friends of the parents to visit and give at least one baby gift, usually a toy or clothes, to express congratulations”可知答案选D。
29.B细节题，考查学生细节信息的获取和同义转换。从第三段“If there's one thing Canadians love celebrating, it's the anniversary of their own birth. In recent years, birthdays have risen to become one of the most tradition-rich spectacles of Canadian culture."” 可知, 庆祝生日是非常受加拿大人欢迎的传统习俗，故选B。
30.A细节题，考查学生从原文中获取信息的能力。根据最后一段“These usually take the form of a fancy dress gala(庆典,盛会,演出)held at a local hotel,complete with a dinner,dancing and lots of awkwardly-posed photographs.” 可知毕业典礼往往需要穿fancy dress, 故选A。
31.D写作手法题，考查学生根据原文信息理解作者写作手法。根据第一段“In general，it's the aging process, and the various "key dates" that occur as a Canadian moves from babyhood to adulthood that tend to be the most celebrated and ritualized(仪式化了的)moments in mainstream Canadian culture.”以及全文的组织方式，可知答案选D
Passage6【8~11题答案】
【答案】8. D 9. D 10. A 11. B
Passage 7【12~15题答案】
【答案】12. C 13. C 14. B 15. A
Passage 8【答案】32. D 33. A 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了Purdue大学的研究人员发明了世界上最白的油漆，可以有效地反射足够的阳光来冷却建筑物，这不仅减少了能源的消耗，也减少了温室气体的排放。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“According to the Environmental Protection Agency, AC only contributes a part of global greenhouse gas emissions. But that threat will continue to grow as temperatures rise with climate change, and people install(安装) more AC units. Responding to this threat, researchers at Purdue University sought to replace the need for conditioning power and invented the world’s whitest paint. It is so white that it could efficiently reflect enough sunlight to cool off buildings.（根据环境保护署的数据，空调只占全球温室气体排放的一部分。但气温随着气候变化而上升，人们安装了更多的空调，这种威胁将继续增加。为了应对这一威胁，Purdue大学的研究人员试图取代对空调力量的需求，并发明了世界上最白的油漆。它是如此的白以至于可以有效地反射足够的阳光来冷却建筑物）”可知研发超白色涂料的原因是它可以有效地反射足够的阳光来冷却建筑物，从而减少空调的使用，进而减少温室气体的排放，故选D项。
【33题详解】
段落大意题。根据文章第三段“In 2021, the researchers focused on two key elements of the white paint. The first is that the chemical compound barium sulfate (BasO3) can effectively reflect light. The second is that BaSO3 particles vary in size allowing the paint to reflect and scatter more incoming light. The ultra-white paint reflects 98.1% of solar radiation and sends out infrared heat(红外线热量) at the same time. Using highly accurate temperature-reading technology, researchers found that the paint kept surfaces 34.2℃ cooler, even during the hottest hours of the day.（2021年，研究人员将重点放在了白色油漆的两个关键元素上。一是化合物硫酸钡能有效地反射光线。第二个是硫酸钡颗粒的大小不同，这使得涂料能够反射和散射更多的入射光。超白色涂料反射98.1% 的太阳辐射，同时发出红外线热量。研究人员利用高度精确的温度读数技术发现，即使在一天中最热的时候，这种涂料也能使表面保持34.2摄氏度的低温。）”可知本段主要讲述了这种超白色涂料能够保持低温的原因，即专门对它的冷却原理进行了具体描述。故选A项。
34题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The whitest white color can change the way people think about their cooling systems. Instead of installing large AC units that already use a lot of electrical power, people can turn to just a few coats of the world’s whitest paint to do the same job.（最白的白色可以改变人们对冷却系统的看法。人们不用安装已经消耗大量电力的大型交流机组，只需涂上几层世界上最白的油漆就可以完成同样的工作。）”可知在以后，人们只需要在建筑物上涂上几层世界上最白的油漆，就可以不用安装已经消耗大量电力的大型交流机组，即可以不用以消耗这么多电力为代价了，故减少了能源的消耗，这是人们对这个超白色油漆未来的期待；故选C项。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The team is optimistic about getting this paint onto the market. They are currently working with a company to commercialize it.（该团队对将这种涂料推向市场持乐观态度。他们目前正在与一家公司合作，将其商业化）”可知该团队对这种涂料是看好的，并正与其他公司合作将其商业化，说明他们对其商业化是持积极态度的，也正在付诸行动；故选B项。
Passage 9
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲麻省理工学院的研究人员已经开发出一种手提箱大小的脱盐装置，可以用来生产清洁的饮用水。
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。由文章第二段“There are no filters required. The device powered by a small portable solar panel uses electricity to remove salt and other particles from the saltwater. (该装置由一个小型便携式太阳能电池板供电，利用电力去除盐水中的盐和其他微粒)”以及第三段“Now most available portable desalination units use filters that require high-pressure pumps to push the water, which makes them heavier and less energy efficient. (现在大多数便携式脱盐装置都使用需要高压泵推动水的过滤器，这使得它们更重，能效更低)”可知，与以前的设备对比，新设备更简单更轻更有效，能“消除”反复检查或维修这些问题。所以推测eliminate是“消除，排除”的意思。故选D项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第三段“The filterless feature of the new device will allow it to be used in faraway places or places with limited resources like small islands and ships, and even for emergencies.(新设备的无过滤器功能将允许它用于遥远的地方或资源有限的地方，如小岛屿和船只，甚至用于紧急情况)”可知，新设备在运用的场地方面有了突破。故选B项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第四段“‘This is really the highest point of a 10-year journey that I and my group have been on. We worked for years on the physics behind individual desalination processes, but pushing all those advances into a box, building a system, and testing it in the ocean were really meaningful experiences for me,’ says Jongyoon Han, the senior author of the study.(该研究的资深作者Jongyoon Han说：“这真的是我和我的团队十年旅程中的最高点。我们多年来一直致力于个体脱盐过程背后的物理研究，但把所有这些进展都推到一个盒子里，建立一个系统，并在海洋中进行测试，对我来说是非常有意义的经历。”)”可知，整个研发过程持续十年说明这项目很有挑战性，但Jongyoon Han也认为这很有意义，是值得的。故选C项。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。由文章最后一段“ Now the researchers are still working on a final design that could use cheaper materials so that it can be available to the general public, and a new model of the device could be ready by the end of 2022. (现在，研究人员仍在研究最终设计，该设计可以使用更便宜的材料，以便公众可以使用，2022年底，该设备的新型号可能会准备就绪)”可知，现在研究者正在考虑价格问题，准备使用更便宜材料以致于公众能够购买得起。故选A项。
Passage 10
38-41 DCBB
（38）D.主旨大意题。根据第一段A blue hole is a special kind of underwater cave found inland or in the sea, which forms when the earth above a cave falls in and water fills the space.蓝洞是在内陆或海里发现的一种特殊的水下洞穴，它是当洞穴上方的地面塌陷，水充满空间时形成的。可知，第一段的主旨是蓝洞的定义。故选D。
（39）C.细节理解题。根据第二段A layer of fresh rainwater floats on top of salt water; the fresh water keeps oxygen from the atmosphere from reaching the salt water; brightly colored bacteria live where the two layers meet.一层新鲜雨水漂浮在咸水之上淡水使大气中的氧气无法到达咸水颜色鲜艳的细菌生活在这两层的交界处。可知，在淡水和咸水层之间可以找到颜色鲜艳的细菌。故选C。
（40）B.词句猜测题。根据第五段For
example, divers have found bacteria there that can live without oxygen.例如，潜水员在那里发现了可以在没有氧气的情况下生存的细菌Our study of life's extremes on Earth，"he says, can help increase "our
understanding of habitable environments off Earth.我们对地球上极端生命的研究，"他说，可以帮助增加"我们对地球外宜居环境的了解。可知，蓝洞甚至可以提供有关宇宙生命的研究的线索。故画线词意思是"宇宙生命的研究"。A.The study of life on Earth地球生命的研究；B.The study of life in the universe宇宙中生命的研究
C.The study of life in prehistoric times史前时期的生命研究D.The study of life in oxygen-free environment无氧环境中的生命研究。故选B。
（41）B.推理判断题。根据第三段Diving into blue holes is extremely dangerous.Near the top of the blue hole, there is a layer of toxic gas, which causes itching, dizziness, and ——in large amounts——death.Divers must also be fast.They have to get in and out of a cave before their oxygen runs
out.Additionally, divers have to follow a guideline as they swim through a blue hole because it is very dark inside.潜入蓝洞是极其危险的。在蓝洞的顶部附近，有一层有毒气体，会导致瘙痒、头晕，量足够大人会死亡。潜水员还必须动作迅速。它们必须在氧气耗尽之前进出洞穴。此外，潜水员在穿过蓝洞时必须遵循指南，因为洞内非常黑暗。可知，蓝洞有毒且黑暗。故选B。
阅读理解之 说明文10篇（通用版）
Passage 1
（浙江省七彩阳光联盟2022-2023高二上11月检测）
Ever fought with a problem Picked up a new skill Encountered a difficult concept The language of learning is full of references to parts of the body outside the brain. Perhaps that’s because these phrases suggest something deeper. Researchers are detecting that learning is easier, quicker and more long-lasting if it involves the body.
“In the past, people have argued that as we grow, we become more able to think abstractly (抽象地),” says Andrew Manches, a psychologist at the University of Edinburgh in the UK. Conventional (传统的) thinking might suggest that teachers should help prevent children from using body gestures to prepare them for the adult world. But in truth, the physical world never really leaves our thinking. For example, when we process verbs such as lick, kick and pick, medical scanners show that the parts of our brain that control the muscles in our face, legs and hands, respectively, light up with activity.
Science is beginning to back up the idea that actions really might speak louder than words in the classroom. Spencer Kelly, a psychologist at Colgate University in New York, has found that people spend three times as much time gesturing when they think the message they get across is remarkably important, suggesting that even if only at the subconscious (潜意识的) level, we appreciate the communicative value of our body language. Kelly has also found evidence that a teacher is more appealing to students when he or she uses arm and hand movements to stress points.
Also, some studies indicate that young children obtain more if their teacher uses gestures when explaining a concept. Meanwhile, Sunsan Wagner Cook, a psychologist at the University of Iowa in Iowa City, has found that children pick up new concepts more effectively, if they are taught to mirror and repeat gestures their teacher uses.
32. How did people in the past understand learning
A. The older a student grows, the less likely he will think abstractly.
B. Teachers are advised to encourage students to use body gestures.
C. Body gestures should be removed to promote adult-like thinking.
D. The physical world never really leaves our thinking.
33. How did the author make us believe the truth of the discovery
A. By presenting different researches. B. By explaining some rules.
C. By making some predictions. D. By analyzing the theory.
34. What can we learn from Spencer Kelly’s study
A. People use gestures every time they convey the messages.
B. Body movements can increase a teacher’s popularity.
C. Young students like to mirror their teacher’s gestures.
D. Body language is more powerful than spoken language.
35. What is the main idea of the text
A. The Language of Learning: A Vital Approach
B. Body Gestures: A Sharp Tool for Fast Learning
C. Body Language: A Universal Language Signal
D. Thinking Abstractly: A Symbol of Adult World
Passage 2
（2022·吉林·长春外国语学校高二期中）
Discoveries at the famous Sanxingdui ruins in Southwest China show that the region’s ancient Shu Kingdom Civilization shared similarities with the Maya.
The Sanxingdui ruins belonged to the Shu Kingdom that existed at least 4,800 years ago and lasted more than 2,000 years, while the Mayan civilization built its city-states around 200 AD．
The bronze-made remains of trees unearthed at the ruins of the Shu Kingdom resemble the sacred ceiba tree, which symbolized the union of heaven, earth and the underworld in the Mayan civilization. “They are very important similarities,” says Santos, a Mexican archaeologist (考古学家) stressing that “the representations of trees in both cultures provide a symbolism that is very similar”.
The findings at the Sanxingdui ruins, considered one of the greatest archaeological discoveries of the 20th century, also show a new aspect of Bronze Age culture, indicating the ancient civilization already had technologies that were thought to have been developed much later.
While the time span between the Shu kingdom and the Mayan culture is great, the findings highlight the closeness between the two civilizations. They developed in areas with comparable climates and reflected their worldview through related symbols. “In the end, man is still man, independent of time and space. What we have is that, at this latitude (纬度), both the Shu people and the Mayans looked at the same sky and had the same stars on the horizon,” the expert says.
One notable feature of the recent discoveries at Sanxingdui was the cross-subject work and technology applied by teams of Chinese archaeologists, which allowed the unearthing of artifacts as fragile as silk remains, which other types of less careful digging methods would not have been able to register.
Cooperation between Chinese and Mexican archaeologists could benefit projects in the Mayan world, where the rainy climate and humidity are problematic for the conservation of ruins.
“Every time our cultural knowledge increases, regardless of whether we speak one language or another, what it shows us is that we continue to be sister cultures and, therefore, the exchange of such knowledge is fundamental,” says Santos.
1．What is a similarity between the Shu Kingdom and Maya civilization
A．Their starting time.
B．Their historical origins.
C．Their cultural symbols.
D．Their ceremony traditions.
2．The findings at the Sanxingdui ruins have proved that ________.
A．silk was a common clothing material then
B．some technologies were developed much earlier
C．the Bronze Age started earlier than previously assumed
D．the Shu Kingdom and the Mayan world had close contact
3．What is a common challenge for the conservation of both ruins
A．Damp weather. B．Positioning of ruins.
C．High latitude. D．Language barriers.
4．What is the focus of Santos quote in the last paragraph
A．Our cultural knowledge is increasing.
B．The benefits of speaking a different language.
C．The increasing sisterhood in culture between China and Mexico.
D．The importance of the exchange of cultural knowledge.
Passage 3
（广东省揭阳普宁市2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试试卷英语试卷）
）
The ability to regrow or recreate missing body parts sounds more like part of a science fiction story than reality. But researchers are finding evidence that regrowing human body parts may be possible someday in the future with improvements in technology. They imagine using 3D-printing to make a kidney for someone in need of a replacement. They also talk about possibly using bioelectricity(生物电流)to cause cells to build new tissue and organs.
These ideas and others were discussed earlier this month at the World Science Festival in New York City. The presentation was called “Forever Young: The Promise of Human Regeneration.” Scientists talked about the future of regenerative medicine which combines the body’s ability to heal itself with progress in biomedical engineering.
Dany Spencer Adams is a research professor at Tufts University in Massachusetts. He said that researchers have found that bioelectrical signals(生物电信号)can lead to cellular processes in frog tadpoles. He said such signals may someday start the formation of nerves, muscles and other body parts. “This is the cells themselves using electricity to communicate,” he said. In an experiment, a frog re-grew one of its legs in six months. But scientists first had to make changes in the characteristics of the animal’s cells.
Researchers say they have a lot more work to do before the process can be used on human beings. They have to learn which bioelectric signals can influence the formation of which organs. Adams says “it’s better to regenerate that organ so that you don’t have issues of the immune system attacking, the way we do now with transplants. The hope is that we’ll be able to help the body create a better replacement—really, a perfect replacement, for the person of exactly what they’ve lost.”
Jonathan Butcher is a professor and biomedical engineer at Cornell University in New York. He and other researchers have combined mechanical engineering with developmental biology to create working heart valves from 3D-printed tissue. Children may get the most help from engineered organs or partial organs that can grow as the child does.
12. How did researchers prove that bioelectrical signals can lead to cellular processes
A. By giving examples. B. By doing experiments.
C. By explaining statistical data. D. By stating argument.
13. What kinds of work will scientists have to do before the process can be used on human beings
A. To do much more research.
B. To do a series of experiments based on their theory.
C. To make changes in the characteristics of the animal’s cells.
D. To learn which bioelectric signals can influence the formation of which organs.
14. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. Looking for Missing Body Parts. B. Re-Growing Human Body Parts.
C. Improvements in Technology. D. Progress in Biomedical Engineering.
15. Where can the text be found
A. A history book. B. A fiction book.
C. A science magazine. D. An art magazine.
Passage4 （2022-2023年高二上学期广东省三校联考）
To show empathy is to identify with another’s feelings. It is to emotionally put yourself in the place at another. The ability to empathize is directly dependent on your ability to feel your own feelings and identify them.
If you have never felt a certain feeling, it will be hard for you to understand how another person is feeling. If you have never put your hand in a flame, you will not know the pain of fire. If you have not experienced jealousy, you will not understand its power. Reading about a feeling and intellectually knowing about it is very different than actually experiencing it for yourself.
Among those with an equal level of emotional intelligence, the person who has actually experienced the widest range and variety of feelings —the great depths of depression and the heights of fulfillment, for example, —is the one who is most able to empathize. On the other hand, when we say that someone “can’t relate to” other people, it is likely because they haven’t experienced, acknowledged or accepted many feelings of their own. Once you have felt discriminated against, for example, it is much easier to relate with someone else who has been discriminated against. Our innate emotional intelligence gives us the ability to quickly recall those instances and form associations when we encounter discrimination again. We then can use the “reliving” of those emotions to guide our thinking and actions. This is one of the ways nature slowly evolves towards a higher level of survival.
For this process to work, the first step is that we must be able to experience our own emotions. This means we must be open to them and not distract ourselves from them or try to numb ourselves from our feelings through drugs, alcohol, etc.
Next, we need to become aware of what we are actually feeling —to acknowledge, identify, and accept our feelings. Only then can we empathize with others. That is one reason why it is important to work on your own emotional awareness and sensitivity, that is, to be “in touch with” your feelings.
How does the author explain the feelings of empathy
A. By giving examples. B. By having classification.
C. By making comparison. D. By providing data.
48. Which statement may the author agree with
A. Low level of empathy leads to fewer varieties of feelings.
B. The deeper one’s feelings are, the more empathetic one is.
C. Empathy is a way we recently picked up for better survival.
D. Rich experiences may not go with a high level of empathy.
49. What’s the purpose of the last two paragraphs
A. To advise a sincere attitude to one’s experiences.
B. To suggest a right understanding of empathy.
C. To require a real bond with one’s emotions.
D. To call for true acceptance of one’s identity.
50. What is the best title for the text
A. How Empathy Unfolds B. Be Open to Your Emotions
C. Why Is Empathy Important D. Accept Your True Self
Passage 5
（汕尾市2021-2022学年度第一学期全市高中二年级教学质量监测）
Compared with some other parts of the world, Canada is not a country with a lot of particularly flashy traditions - which isn't to say none exist. In general, it's the aging process, and the various "key dates" that occur as a Canadian moves from babyhood to adulthood that tend to be the most celebrated and ritualized(仪式化了的）moments in mainstream Canadian culture.
Canadian couples will generally announce their pregnancy with great pride to friends and family as soon as they're aware, and it's common for girlfriends of the expecting mother to organize a baby shower-a small, lighthearted house party - to honour the new mom sometime before she gives birth. Shortly after the child is born, it's similarly customary for friends of the parents to visit and give at least one baby gift, usually a toy or clothes, to express congratulations.
If there's one thing Canadians love celebrating,it's the anniversary(周年纪念日)of their own birth. In recent years, birthdays have risen to become one of the most tradition-rich spectacles of Canadian culture. During childhood, most parents will arrange birthday parties for their children on the special day (or the closest available weekend), a fun excuse for the birthday boy or girl to gather up all their schoolyard friends and spend the afternoon hanging out. In their teenage years and adulthood, they begin to assume greater control over their own birthday plans.
Completing a phase of school in Canada is almost always celebrated with a fancy graduation ceremony. In their final year of high school (and sometimes middle school as well), students will celebrate the completion of their studies with some sort of party organized by the school, usually known as "grad night". These usually take the form of a fancy dress gala(庆典，盛会,演出）held at a local hotel,complete with a dinner,dancing and lots of awkwardly-posed photographs.
28. Which is a birth tradition in Canada
A. Keeping the pregnancy a secret to others.
B. Holding a baby shower by the elders.
C. Gathering friends and relatives for a party.
D. Visiting the newly-born with a present.
29. What do we know about birthday celebrations in Canada
A. They are only held on that very day of birth.
B. They are popular among Canadian families.
C. The parties are always planned by parents.
D. Adults don't celebrate their own birthdays.
30. What preparation might students need to do for their graduation ceremony
A. They need to wear fancy clothes.
B. They need to organize a party.
C. They need to complete a study.
D. They need to learn photography.
31. How does the author organize the description of Canadian traditions
A. From general features to specific.
B. By comparing traditions worldwide.
C. According to regional differences.
D. In the order of a child's growth process.
Passage 6
（河南省名校联盟2022~2023学年高二年级开学考）
In the digital age, we rely on technology such as social media in trying to build interesting and varied lives. Social networking sites like Facebook are designed and promoted to make us believe enthusiastically that they are able to open up new experiences for us. There are constant notifications (通知) and updates, urging us to check-in to find out what is new.
But if we do not use the technology wisely, we can end up becoming overly attached and trapped in a cycle of social media FOMO, a sign of deeper unhappiness. FOMO, or fear of missing out, is a fear that exciting or interesting events are happening somewhere else and that we are not able to join.
People who experience high levels of FOMO have been found to be more likely to give in to urges to write and check text messages while driving, as well as to use Facebook more often directly after waking, while going to sleep and during meals.
When it comes to lasting happiness, it is best not to give in to FOMO, but rather to deal with the cycle of desires that fuel it. Hard as it is, we are better off working toward facing the fearful reality that we cannot experience everything we might like than to get caught in a cycle of checking behaviors that only cause anxiety.
If we have become used to using social media as part of our attempts at living interesting lives, we must admit that it is not easy to change our approach. But change is almost always worthwhile in the long run.
The fact that FOMO is so common in our digital age is a sign that there is something wrong with the way we are pursuing happiness and that we are not as happy as we might think we are. It should warn us that, in our eagerness to use digital technology to try to make ourselves happier, we may unintentionally (无意之中) be bringing on exactly the opposite result.
8. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. The digital age has arrived.
B. Sites give netizens useful experiences.
C. People have fallen into modern technology.
D. Social media are designed to attract public attention.
9. Which of the following could be regarded as social media FOMO
A. Failing to use Facebook. B. Answering a call during shopping,
C. Reading text messages on reaching offices. D. Checking Facebook while driving.
10. Why does the author suggest avoiding FOMO
A. To gain long-time happiness. B. To speed the cycle of desires.
C. To work much better. D. To reduce fearful reality.
11. What can be learned from the last paragraph
A. Everybody has experienced FOMO.
B. Digital technology may make us unhappier.
C. Pursuing happiness is a sign of the digital age.
D. People may unintentionally get lost in technology.
Passage 7
（河南省名校联盟2022~2023学年高二年级开学考）
In WALL-E a science fiction movie, a little robot is responsible for cleaning a world covered in garbage; a world where there is no longer room for anything else, not even humans! The film encourages common people, worldwide leaders and businessmen to ask the obvious question: What can be done to prevent something like this happening For some, microfactories could become the most promising answer.
Veena Sahajwalla, a materials scientist and engineer in Sydney, Australia, has discovered a solution to the challenging waste problem. Her one-stop approach could go beyond the existing recycling processes. Her waste microfactories mainly target electronic waste and plastic, and are essentially little trash processors. These can transform waste into new materials with the help of thermal(热的) technology.
“Using our green manufacturing technologies, these microfactories can transform waste, enabling local businesses and communities to not only solve local waste problems, but to develop a commercial opportunity from the valuable materials that are created,” she explains.
Humans generate 2.01 billion tons of solid waste annually. And as the fastest growing waste stream, approximately 53.6 million tons of e-waste were generated globally by 2019. Despite current efforts, only 17.4 percent of this is known to have been collected and properly recycled. Meanwhile, worldwide e-waste generation is expected to continue to grow, reaching almost 80 million tons by 2030.
Although the most effective solution to the waste challenges would not generate as much trash, Sahajwalla microfactories provide hope for all the waste that already exists. Her solution not only decreases the amount of waste, but it also improves its management and enables new manufacturing opportunities around the new materials created.
WALL-E shows us the best and the worst of what human beings have to offer. It shows where the world is headed unless the human species slows down and stops developing at the current pace. But it also provides hope, showing that we also have a great power to change and improve.
12. What’s the aim to write the first paragraph
A. To tell us what WALL-E is about. B. To show the wide future of robots.
C. To introduce the use of microfactories. D. To praise Veena Sahajwalla’s contribution
13. What do we know about Veena Sahajwalla
A. She is a top scientist in Australia. B. She has been devoted to garbage factories.
C. Her waste microfactories are practical. D. Her trash processors are being widely promoted.
14. How does the fourth paragraph develop
A By making contrasts. B. By listing relevant figures.
C. By summarizing the above. D. By analyzing cause and effect.
15. What’s the author’s attitude towards microfactories
A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Unclear. D. Indifferent
Passage 8
（2022学年第一学期浙江省精诚联盟10月联考高二年级英语学科 ）
“What s your favorite color ” is a common question, particularly among children. However, there is a new color that might offer a partial solution to global warming by one day reducing the need for air conditioning (AC).
According to the Environmental Protection Agency, AC only contributes a part of global greenhouse gas emissions. But that threat will continue to grow as temperatures rise with climate change, and people install(安装) more AC units. Responding to this threat, researchers at Purdue University sought to replace the need for conditioning power and invented the world’s whitest paint. It is so white that it could efficiently reflect enough sunlight to cool off buildings.
In 2021, the researchers focused on two key elements of the white paint. The first is that the chemical compound barium sulfate (BasO3) can effectively reflect light. The second is that BaSO3 particles vary in size allowing the paint to reflect and scatter more incoming light. The ultra-white paint reflects 98.1% of solar radiation and sends out infrared heat(红外线热量) at the same time. Using highly accurate temperature-reading technology, researchers found that the paint kept surfaces 34.2℃ cooler, even during the hottest hours of the day.
The white paint can be a suitable alternative to conventional AC. Air cooling power uses an estimated 5 kilowatts per 1000 square meter, but the researchers demonstrated that their white paint could double that amount of power. If this innovation is applied to the surface of buildings, AC will be replaced with paint.
The team is optimistic about getting this paint onto the market. They are currently working with a company to commercialize it. The whitest white color can change the way people think about their cooling systems. Instead of installing large AC units that already use a lot of electrical power, people can turn to just a few coats of the world’s whitest paint to do the same job.
32. Why did the researchers develop the ultra-white paint
A. To cut the expense of decorating buildings.
B. To improve the cooling effect of air conditioners.
C. To harvest more sunlight to warm up rooms.
D. To reduce the release of greenhouse gases.
33. What does paragraph 3 mainly focus on
A. The cooling principle of the paint.
B. The process of producing the paint.
C. The impact of Baso3 on global climate.
D. The advantages of temperature-reading technology.
34. What can we expect of the ultra-white paint in the future
A. It will dominate the paint market.
B. It will change people’s lifestyles greatly.
C. It will help reduce energy consumption.
D. It will earn a big profit for the company.
35. What’s the team’s attitude towards the commercialization of the paint
A. negative B. positive C. pessimistic D. disapproval
C
Even though water covers about 71 percent of the Earth’s surface, not all of it is safe to drink. In fact, less than three percent is fresh water, according to the United States Bureau of Reclamation. Most of the water is contained in the oceans and must be desalinated (脱盐)for use. Now researchers from MIT have developed a suitcase-sized desalination device that could be used to produce clean drinking water.
The new portable device produces water that actually goes beyond the World Health Organization standards, just by pushing a button, according to a press release from MIT. There are no filters required. The device powered by a small portable solar panel uses electricity to remove salt and other particles from the saltwater. This eliminates the need for repeatedly checking or repairing it.
Now most available portable desalination units use filters that require high-pressure pumps to push the water, which makes them heavier and less energy efficient. The filterless feature of the new device will allow it to be used in faraway places or places with limited resources like small islands and ships, and even for emergencies.
“This is really the highest point of a 10-year journey that I and my group have been on. We worked for years on the physics behind individual desalination processes, but pushing all those advances into a box, building a system, and testing it in the ocean were really meaningful experiences for me,” says Jongyoon Han, the senior author of the study.
After the researchers ran tests in the lab, the device was ready for field tests. At Boston’s Carson Beach, the device filled a plastic drinking cup with clear, drinkable water in just half an hour. Now the researchers are still working on a final design that could use cheaper materials so that it can be available to the general public, and a new model of the device could be ready by the end of 2022. This small but powerful desalination unit may be the key to bringing safe water to a thirsty world.
8. What does the underlined word “eliminates” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Proves. B. Creates. C. Satisfies. D. Removes.
9. What can we infer about the device from Paragraph 3
A. It allows high production of clean water. B. It makes a breakthrough in application
C. It may provide power for faraway places D. It can replace most desalination devices.
10. What do Jongyoon Han’s words suggest
A. The public thinks highly of the device
B. The testing system for the device has been out of date.
C. Developing the device is challenging but worthwhile.
D. Further studies are needed before marketing the device.
11. Which aspect of the device are the researchers trying to improve
A. Its affordability. B. The energy it needs.
C. Its performance in dry areas. D. The purity of the water it produces.
Passage 10
（2021-2022学年第一学期 高二期中（广附，广外，铁一）三校联考试卷）
A blue hole is a special kind of underwater cave found inland or in the sea, which forms when the earth above a cave falls in and water fills the space.
An inland blue hole’s water is very still and has different layers. A layer of fresh rainwater floats on top of salt water; the fresh water keeps oxygen from the atmosphere from reaching the salt water; brightly colored bacteria live where the two layers meet.
Diving into blue holes is extremely dangerous. Near the top of the blue hole, there is a layer of toxic gas, which causes itching, dizziness, and—in large amounts—death. Divers must also be fast. They have to get in and out of a cave before their oxygen runs out. Additionally, divers have to follow a guideline as they swim through a blue hole because it is very dark inside. Without the guideline, they may get lost.
If blue holes are so dangerous, why do explorers and scientists risk their lives to explore them The reason is that these underwater caves can provide valuable scientific information. They provide clues about geology, archaeology, and biology. For example, some blue hole creatures, such as the remipede, probably haven’t changed for millions of years.
The blue holes could even provide clues about astrobiology. For example, divers have found bacteria there that can live without oxygen. Astrobiologist Kevin Hand says the bacteria may be similar to forms of life that might exist on Jupiter’s fourth largest moon, Europa. “Our study of life’s extremes on Earth,” he says, can help increase “our understanding of habitable environments off Earth.”
In addition, the oxygen-free environment of the blue holes preserves bones of humans and animals that fell into the caves long ago. By studying blue holes, we can understand what life was like in prehistoric times. As cave diver Kenny Broad says, “I can think of no other environment on Earth that is so challenging to explore and gives us back so much scientifically.”
38. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 1
A. The structure of a blue hole. B. The location of a blue hole.
C. The formation of a blue hole. D. The definition of a blue hole.
39. Where can bright-colored bacteria be found
A. In the saltwater layer.
B. In the freshwater layer.
C. In between the freshwater and saltwater layers.
D. In both of the freshwater and saltwater layers.
40. Which of the following best explains the underlined word
A. The study of life on Earth.
B. The study of life in the universe.
C. The study of life in prehistoric times.
D. The study of life in oxygen-free environment.
41. Which of the following can best describe blue holes
A. They’re oxygen-free and lifeless. B. They’re poisonous and dark.
C. They’re death zones and mazelike. D. They’re free of air and light.
答案：
Passage 1 32-35 CABB
Passage 2
1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我国三星堆遗址和玛雅文明的相似之处，并告诉我们文化知识交流的重要性。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段内容“The bronze-made remains of trees unearthed at the ruins of the Shu Kingdom resemble the sacred ceiba tree, which symbolized the union of heaven, earth and the underworld in the Mayan civilization. “They are very important similarities,” says Santos, a Mexican archaeologist (考古学家) stressing that “the representations of trees in both cultures provide a symbolism that is very similar”.”（在蜀国遗址出土的青铜制树木遗骸类似于神圣的木棉树，它象征着玛雅文明中天、地与阴间的结合。墨西哥考古学家桑托斯强调，“这两种文化中树木的象征意义非常相似”，他说：“它们有着非常重要的相似之处。”）可知，在蜀国遗址出土的青铜制树木遗骸类似于玛雅文明中神圣的木棉树，蜀国与玛雅文明这两种文化中树木的象征意义非常相似，由此可知，蜀国与玛雅文明的相似之处在于他们有相似的文化象征。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段内容“The findings at the Sanxingdui ruins, considered one of the greatest archaeological discoveries of the 20th century, also show a new aspect of Bronze Age culture, indicating the ancient civilization already had technologies that were thought to have been developed much later.”（三星堆遗址的发现被认为是20世纪最伟大的考古发现之一，它也展示了青铜时代文化的一个新方面，表明古代文明已经有了被认为是在很久以后发展起来的技术。）可知，三星堆遗址的发现表明古代文明已经有了被认为是在很久以后发展起来的技术，换句话说，古代的一些技术要比我们认为的发展得更早，由此可知，三星堆遗址的发现证明了一些技术发展得更早。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据第五段关键句“They developed in areas with comparable climates and reflected their worldview through related symbols.”（他们在气候相似的地区发展，并通过相关象征反映他们的世界观。）和倒数第二段内容“Cooperation between Chinese and Mexican archaeologists could benefit projects in the Mayan world, where the rainy climate and humidity are problematic for the conservation of ruins.”（中国和墨西哥考古学家之间的合作可能有利于玛雅世界的项目，那里多雨的气候和湿度对遗址的保护造成了困难。）可知，三星堆遗址和玛雅文明所处地区气候相似，多雨潮湿的气候对玛雅文明的保护造成了困难，由于气候相似，多雨潮湿的气候也对三星堆遗址的保护造成了困难，由此可知，保护这两处遗址的共同挑战是潮湿的天气。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容““Every time our cultural knowledge increases, regardless of whether we speak one language or another, what it shows us is that we continue to be sister cultures and, therefore, the exchange of such knowledge is fundamental,” says Santos.”（桑托斯说：“每当我们的文化知识增加时，无论我们说的是一种语言还是另一种语言，这都表明我们仍然是姐妹文化，因此，这种知识的交流是至关重要的。”）可知，桑托斯认为知识的交流是至关重要的，由此可知，在最后一段引用桑托斯的话的重点是表明文化知识交流的重要性。故选D项。
Passage 3：
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们正在致力于研究人体器官再生的可能性，并且在一个实验中成功地让青蛙长出了一条腿。不过，在这项技术应用到人类身上之前，还有很多研究需要完成。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“He said that researchers have found that bioelectrical signals(生物电信号)can lead to cellular processes in frog tadpoles.(他说，研究人员已经发现，生物电信号可以导致青蛙蝌蚪内部产生细胞的过程。)”以及“In an experiment, a frog re-grew one of its legs in six months.(在一项实验中，一只青蛙在六个月内重新长出了一条腿。)”可推断，科学家是通过做实验的方式来证明生物电信号能够促进细胞成长这一过程。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“They have to learn which bioelectric signals can influence the formation of which organs.(他们必须了解哪些生物电信号会影响哪些器官的形成。)”可知，在应用到人类身上之前，要了解哪个生物信号影响哪个器官形成，故选D。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The ability to regrow or recreate missing body parts sounds more like part of a science fiction story than reality. But researchers are finding evidence that regrowing human body parts may be possible someday in the future with improvements in technology.(再生或重建身体缺失部位的能力听起来更像是科幻故事的一部分，而不是现实。但研究人员正在寻找证据，证明随着技术的进步，未来某一天人体器官的再生可能成为可能。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了人类器官的再生。所以“Re-Growing Human Body Parts.(再生人体器官。)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知，文章主要讲述了人类器官再生的可能性以及需要做的研究。再根据最后一段“He and other researchers have combined mechanical engineering with developmental biology to create working heart valves from 3D-printed tissue.(他和其他研究人员已经将机械工程与发育生物学结合起来，利用3D打印组织制造出了可工作的心脏瓣膜。)”可知，这篇文章是科普说明文，文章介绍了一项新的科学研究成果，所以这样的文章应出现在科学杂志上。故选C。
Passage 4 47-50. ADCA
（1）A.推理判断题。通过文章第二
段"If you have never felt a certain feeling， it v be hard for you to understand how another pu is feeling.If you have never put your hand in a flame, you will not know the pain of fire.If y have not experienced jealousy, you will not u its power.（如果你从来没有把你的手放在火焰中，你就不会知道被火烧的疼痛。如果你没有经历过嫉妒，你就不会理解它会产生什么影响。）"可推知，作者通过举例说明解释什么是同理心。故选A项。
（2）B.推理判断题。通过文章第三段
Among those with an equal level of emotional intelligence, the person who has actually exp the widest range and variety of feelings--the great depths of depression and the height of fulfillment, for example, is the one who is most able to empathize.On the other hand, v we say that someone "can't relate" to other p , it is likely because they haven't experienced , acknowledged or accepted many feelings ol their own.（在那些情商水平相同的人中，真正经历过最强烈最丰富的情感的人，如那些遭遇过深深的抑郁或享受过最大的满足感的人，是最能够同情他人的。另一方面，当我们认为有些人不能够与其他人"产生联系"时，很可能是因为他们自己没有经历、承认或接受过他们自己的情感。）"可知，一个人的感情越深，他就越有同情心。故选B项。
（3）C.推理判断题。通过文章最后一
段"Next， we need to become aware of what v are actually feeling--
to acknowledge, identify, and accept our fee
（接下来，我们需要意识到我们实际的感受---.
--承认、认同和接受我们的感受。）"可推知，文章最后两段呼吁大家真正接受自己的感受，才能做到对他人产生共情。故选C项。
（4）A.标题归纳题。通读全文，再结合文章最后一
段"Only then can we empathize with others. （只有这样，我们才能同情他人。）"可推知本文主要介绍了如何对他人具有同理心。A项同理心如何展现"符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选A项。
Passage 5
28-30 DBAD
本文主要介绍加拿大庆祝出生、生日和毕业的传统习俗。
28.D 细节题，考查学生从文本中获取信息的能力。根据第二段“if's similarly customary for friends of the parents to visit and give at least one baby gift, usually a toy or clothes, to express congratulations”可知答案选D。
29.B细节题，考查学生细节信息的获取和同义转换。从第三段“If there's one thing Canadians love celebrating, it's the anniversary of their own birth. In recent years, birthdays have risen to become one of the most tradition-rich spectacles of Canadian culture."” 可知, 庆祝生日是非常受加拿大人欢迎的传统习俗，故选B。
30.A细节题，考查学生从原文中获取信息的能力。根据最后一段“These usually take the form of a fancy dress gala(庆典,盛会,演出)held at a local hotel,complete with a dinner,dancing and lots of awkwardly-posed photographs.” 可知毕业典礼往往需要穿fancy dress, 故选A。
31.D写作手法题，考查学生根据原文信息理解作者写作手法。根据第一段“In general，it's the aging process, and the various "key dates" that occur as a Canadian moves from babyhood to adulthood that tend to be the most celebrated and ritualized(仪式化了的)moments in mainstream Canadian culture.”以及全文的组织方式，可知答案选D
Passage6【8~11题答案】
【答案】8. D 9. D 10. A 11. B
Passage 7【12~15题答案】
【答案】12. C 13. C 14. B 15. A
Passage 8【答案】32. D 33. A 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了Purdue大学的研究人员发明了世界上最白的油漆，可以有效地反射足够的阳光来冷却建筑物，这不仅减少了能源的消耗，也减少了温室气体的排放。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“According to the Environmental Protection Agency, AC only contributes a part of global greenhouse gas emissions. But that threat will continue to grow as temperatures rise with climate change, and people install(安装) more AC units. Responding to this threat, researchers at Purdue University sought to replace the need for conditioning power and invented the world’s whitest paint. It is so white that it could efficiently reflect enough sunlight to cool off buildings.（根据环境保护署的数据，空调只占全球温室气体排放的一部分。但气温随着气候变化而上升，人们安装了更多的空调，这种威胁将继续增加。为了应对这一威胁，Purdue大学的研究人员试图取代对空调力量的需求，并发明了世界上最白的油漆。它是如此的白以至于可以有效地反射足够的阳光来冷却建筑物）”可知研发超白色涂料的原因是它可以有效地反射足够的阳光来冷却建筑物，从而减少空调的使用，进而减少温室气体的排放，故选D项。
【33题详解】
段落大意题。根据文章第三段“In 2021, the researchers focused on two key elements of the white paint. The first is that the chemical compound barium sulfate (BasO3) can effectively reflect light. The second is that BaSO3 particles vary in size allowing the paint to reflect and scatter more incoming light. The ultra-white paint reflects 98.1% of solar radiation and sends out infrared heat(红外线热量) at the same time. Using highly accurate temperature-reading technology, researchers found that the paint kept surfaces 34.2℃ cooler, even during the hottest hours of the day.（2021年，研究人员将重点放在了白色油漆的两个关键元素上。一是化合物硫酸钡能有效地反射光线。第二个是硫酸钡颗粒的大小不同，这使得涂料能够反射和散射更多的入射光。超白色涂料反射98.1% 的太阳辐射，同时发出红外线热量。研究人员利用高度精确的温度读数技术发现，即使在一天中最热的时候，这种涂料也能使表面保持34.2摄氏度的低温。）”可知本段主要讲述了这种超白色涂料能够保持低温的原因，即专门对它的冷却原理进行了具体描述。故选A项。
34题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The whitest white color can change the way people think about their cooling systems. Instead of installing large AC units that already use a lot of electrical power, people can turn to just a few coats of the world’s whitest paint to do the same job.（最白的白色可以改变人们对冷却系统的看法。人们不用安装已经消耗大量电力的大型交流机组，只需涂上几层世界上最白的油漆就可以完成同样的工作。）”可知在以后，人们只需要在建筑物上涂上几层世界上最白的油漆，就可以不用安装已经消耗大量电力的大型交流机组，即可以不用以消耗这么多电力为代价了，故减少了能源的消耗，这是人们对这个超白色油漆未来的期待；故选C项。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The team is optimistic about getting this paint onto the market. They are currently working with a company to commercialize it.（该团队对将这种涂料推向市场持乐观态度。他们目前正在与一家公司合作，将其商业化）”可知该团队对这种涂料是看好的，并正与其他公司合作将其商业化，说明他们对其商业化是持积极态度的，也正在付诸行动；故选B项。
Passage 9
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲麻省理工学院的研究人员已经开发出一种手提箱大小的脱盐装置，可以用来生产清洁的饮用水。
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。由文章第二段“There are no filters required. The device powered by a small portable solar panel uses electricity to remove salt and other particles from the saltwater. (该装置由一个小型便携式太阳能电池板供电，利用电力去除盐水中的盐和其他微粒)”以及第三段“Now most available portable desalination units use filters that require high-pressure pumps to push the water, which makes them heavier and less energy efficient. (现在大多数便携式脱盐装置都使用需要高压泵推动水的过滤器，这使得它们更重，能效更低)”可知，与以前的设备对比，新设备更简单更轻更有效，能“消除”反复检查或维修这些问题。所以推测eliminate是“消除，排除”的意思。故选D项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第三段“The filterless feature of the new device will allow it to be used in faraway places or places with limited resources like small islands and ships, and even for emergencies.(新设备的无过滤器功能将允许它用于遥远的地方或资源有限的地方，如小岛屿和船只，甚至用于紧急情况)”可知，新设备在运用的场地方面有了突破。故选B项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第四段“‘This is really the highest point of a 10-year journey that I and my group have been on. We worked for years on the physics behind individual desalination processes, but pushing all those advances into a box, building a system, and testing it in the ocean were really meaningful experiences for me,’ says Jongyoon Han, the senior author of the study.(该研究的资深作者Jongyoon Han说：“这真的是我和我的团队十年旅程中的最高点。我们多年来一直致力于个体脱盐过程背后的物理研究，但把所有这些进展都推到一个盒子里，建立一个系统，并在海洋中进行测试，对我来说是非常有意义的经历。”)”可知，整个研发过程持续十年说明这项目很有挑战性，但Jongyoon Han也认为这很有意义，是值得的。故选C项。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。由文章最后一段“ Now the researchers are still working on a final design that could use cheaper materials so that it can be available to the general public, and a new model of the device could be ready by the end of 2022. (现在，研究人员仍在研究最终设计，该设计可以使用更便宜的材料，以便公众可以使用，2022年底，该设备的新型号可能会准备就绪)”可知，现在研究者正在考虑价格问题，准备使用更便宜材料以致于公众能够购买得起。故选A项。
Passage 10
38-41 DCBB
（38）D.主旨大意题。根据第一段A blue hole is a special kind of underwater cave found inland or in the sea, which forms when the earth above a cave falls in and water fills the space.蓝洞是在内陆或海里发现的一种特殊的水下洞穴，它是当洞穴上方的地面塌陷，水充满空间时形成的。可知，第一段的主旨是蓝洞的定义。故选D。
（39）C.细节理解题。根据第二段A layer of fresh rainwater floats on top of salt water; the fresh water keeps oxygen from the atmosphere from reaching the salt water; brightly colored bacteria live where the two layers meet.一层新鲜雨水漂浮在咸水之上淡水使大气中的氧气无法到达咸水颜色鲜艳的细菌生活在这两层的交界处。可知，在淡水和咸水层之间可以找到颜色鲜艳的细菌。故选C。
（40）B.词句猜测题。根据第五段For
example, divers have found bacteria there that can live without oxygen.例如，潜水员在那里发现了可以在没有氧气的情况下生存的细菌Our study of life's extremes on Earth，"he says, can help increase "our
understanding of habitable environments off Earth.我们对地球上极端生命的研究，"他说，可以帮助增加"我们对地球外宜居环境的了解。可知，蓝洞甚至可以提供有关宇宙生命的研究的线索。故画线词意思是"宇宙生命的研究"。A.The study of life on Earth地球生命的研究；B.The study of life in the universe宇宙中生命的研究
C.The study of life in prehistoric times史前时期的生命研究D.The study of life in oxygen-free environment无氧环境中的生命研究。故选B。
（41）B.推理判断题。根据第三段Diving into blue holes is extremely dangerous.Near the top of the blue hole, there is a layer of toxic gas, which causes itching, dizziness, and ——in large amounts——death.Divers must also be fast.They have to get in and out of a cave before their oxygen runs
out.Additionally, divers have to follow a guideline as they swim through a blue hole because it is very dark inside.潜入蓝洞是极其危险的。在蓝洞的顶部附近，有一层有毒气体，会导致瘙痒、头晕，量足够大人会死亡。潜水员还必须动作迅速。它们必须在氧气耗尽之前进出洞穴。此外，潜水员在穿过蓝洞时必须遵循指南，因为洞内非常黑暗。可知，蓝洞有毒且黑暗。故选B。