（人教版2019）高考英语 一轮复习夯实基础必背知识清单 专题04.必修第1册　Unit 3 Sports and Fitness

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一轮复习夯实基础必背知识清单
专题04.必修第1册　Unit 3 Sports and Fitness
一、单元必背词汇篇
重点词汇 阅读单词——我会认 1．soccer n．足球；足球运动 2．stadium n．(pl.stadiums or stadia)体育场；运动场 3．boxing n．拳击(运动) 4．badminton n．羽毛球运动 5．marathon n．马拉松赛跑 6．ski adj.滑雪的vi.滑雪 7．track and field田径 8．gymnastics n．体操(训练) 9．legend n．传奇故事(或人物)；传说 10．glory n．荣誉；光荣；赞美 11．captain n．(运动队)队长；船长；机长 12．graceful adj.优美的；优雅的 13．push-up n．(especially NAmE) 俯卧撑 14．error n．错误；差错 重点单词——我会写 1．event n．比赛项目；大事；公开活动 2．track n．跑道；足迹；铁路轨道vi.& vt.追踪；跟踪 3．gym n．健身房；体育馆 4．sweat vt.使出汗；出汗弄湿vi.出汗；流汗n．汗水；出汗 5．athlete n．运动员；运动健儿 6．master n．高手；主人vt.精通；掌握 7．medal n．奖章；勋章 8．champion n．冠军；优胜者 9．apart adv.分离；分开；成碎片 10．pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮 11．million num.一百万 12．cheat vi.作弊；舞弊 vt.欺骗；蒙骗n．欺骗手段；骗子 13．audience n．观众；听众 14．positive adj.积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的 15．slim adj.苗条的；单薄的 16．diet n．规定饮食；日常饮食vi.节食 17．rather adv.相当；有点儿 18．jog vi.慢跑 n．慢跑
词汇拓展 1．fitness n．健康；健壮；适合→fit adj.适合的；健康的 vt.适合→unfit adj.不适合的 2．host vt.主办；主持 n．主人；东道主；节目主持人→hostess n．女主人 3．honour n．荣誉；尊敬；荣幸→honorable adj.可敬的；体面的→honored adj.受尊敬的 4．championship n．锦标赛；冠军赛；冠军称号→champion n．冠军；优胜者 5．determination n．决心；决定→determine v．决心；决意→determined adj.坚决的 6．injure vt.使受伤；损害→injured adj.受伤的；有伤的→injury n．伤害；损伤 7．strength n．力量；体力→strengthen v．增强→strong adj.强壮的 8．failure n．失败；失败的人(或事物)→fail v．失败 9．compete vi.竞争；对抗→competition n．竞争；比赛→competitor n．竞争者；对手→competitive adj.竞争的 10．stress n．压力；紧张；重音 vt.强调；重读；使焦虑不安 vi.焦虑不安→stressful adj.造成压力的→stressed adj.感到压力的
重点词组 1．come along跟随；到达；进步；赶快 2．work out锻炼；计算出；解决 3．make it获得成功；准时到达 4．set an example树立榜样 5．fall apart破裂；破碎；崩溃 6．lose heart丧失信心；泄气 7．give up放弃；投降 8．make sense有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚 9．pretend to do sth.假装做某事 10．even if/though即使；虽然 11．make a difference有作用或影响 12．rather than而不是 13．cut...out停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下 14．now and then有时；偶尔 15．compare...with/to...与……比较
重点句型 1．They must be athletes who are masters in their sports and also set good examples for others. 他们必须是他们(各自的)运动领域的高手，而且为其他人树立了很好的榜样。 2．Losing two important players was a big challenge，but Lang Ping did not lose heart. 失去两位重要的运动员是一个巨大的挑战，但郎平并没有灰心。 3．The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996. 他在芝加哥所创建的“男孩女孩俱乐部”从1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。 4．Instead of saying “I want to lose three kilos”，I would say “I want to run two kilometres in eight minutes” or “I want to be able to do 30 push-ups”． 我不再说“我想减掉3千克”，而是说“我想在8分钟内跑2千米”或“我希望能坐30个俯卧撑”。 5．By being positive about myself and my body，I became both happier and healthier. 通过积极看待自我和自己的身体，我变得更快乐、更健康了。
单元必背文章篇
Passage 1
The living legend ----Yao Ming
Yao Ming is a living legend and a great athlete in my heart.
Yao Ming is a person who never gives up.Though sometimes he got injured, he did not lose heart but competed for glory. He was honoured several championships and medals for his excellent performances. However, he had to leave the basketball court because of a serious injury. Rather than giving up, he devoted himself to the volunteer work and to the nation. He donated 2 million dollars to Wenchuan earthquake. He founded "Yao Ming Foundation" to help rebuild schools and provide educational opportunities for children. He once said, " Trying hard does not necessarily mean success, but if one stops trying, he is bound to fail.”
Yao Ming was loved by big fans at home and abroad, and he sets an example to tell us that even if you sometimes encounter failure, you should keep positive and you will make it sooner or later with your determination.
活着的传奇——姚明
在我心里，姚明是一个活着的传奇和伟大的运动员。
姚明是一个永不放弃的人。虽然有时他会受伤，但他并没有灰心，而是为了荣誉而竞争。他因出色的表现而被授予了几次冠军和奖章。然而，由于伤势严重，他不得不离开篮球场。他没有放弃，而是献身于志愿工作和国家。他向汶川地震捐赠了2百万美元。他成立了“姚明”慈善基金会，帮助重建学校，为儿童提供教育机会。他曾经说过：“努力并不一定意味着成功，但如果一个人停止尝试，他必然会失败。”
姚明受到了国内外球迷的喜爱，他以身作则告诉我们，即使有时候遭遇失败，也要保持积极的心态，只要有决心，迟早会成功的。
Passage 2
There are many kinds of sports that can help us regain our strength and relieve our stress, making a difference to our lives and enabling us to stay positive. Among the popular sports, including soccer, basketball, boxing, badminton, jogging, marathon, skiing and gymnastics, I like jogging best because I think it can help me lose weight. I always wanted to look like the slim girls on pared with them, my confidence fell apart now and then. I went on a diet to lose weight, but it didn't make sense. Then I read an article which made me start thinking about fitness rather than weight. Things began to change after I went to gym and worked out until the sweat ran down likeraindrops. I became more graceful, happier and healthier.
有很多种运动可以帮助我们恢复体力，缓解压力，改变我们的生活，让我们保持积极的心态。在流行的运动中，包括足球、篮球、拳击、羽毛球、慢跑、马拉松、滑雪和体操，我最喜欢慢跑，因为我认为它可以帮助我减肥。我一直想看起来像电视上的苗条女孩。与他们相比，我的信心不时地崩溃。我节制饮食来减肥，但是没有意义。然后我读了一篇文章，让我开始考虑健身，而不是体重。在我去健身房锻炼，直到汗如雨下之后，事情开始发生变化。我变得更优雅、更快乐、更健康。
三、单元必背写作素材篇
建议信
必备词汇
1.gve/offer sb. some advice(on) 给某人提建议
2.ask sb. for advice 向某人征求意见
3.as follows 如下
4.in my opinion/in my view/from my point of view 在我看来
5.find..…helpful/useful/beneficial 认为……有用
6.take part in/participate in... 参加
7.follow/take/adopt one's advice 采纳某人的建议
8.take sth. into account/consideration 把……考虑在内
9.with regard to 关于；就
10. put forward 提出
11.in this regard/in this respect 在这点上/在这方面
12.share sth. with sb. 与某人分享某事
13.with time going on 随着时间的推移
14. Be faced with 面临
15.take sth. seriously 重视；认真对待
2. 高分句式
第一部分：说明写信的目的
1. I'm sorry to hear that you are having trouble fitting in your new school. Such problems are quite normal. Perhaps the following suggestions are helpful.
很遗憾听说你在适应新学校方面有困难。这样的问题是很正常的。可能下面的建议会有一些帮助。
2. I have received your letter saying you plan to play a visit to China for ten days next month. Perhaps the following suggestions are helpful to you.
我已经收到了你的来信。信上说你打算下个月来参观中国十天。可能下面的建议对你是有帮助的。
3. I'm writing to you to present what I think on the further improvement of our hotel so as to attract more clients（顾客）.
我给你写信是想说明一下我对于进一步改善我们旅馆的一些想法，以吸引更多顾客。
4. You have asked me for my advice with regard to how to learn Chinese , and I will try to make some suggestions here.
你关于如何学习汉语询问我的建议，那么我就在这里给出一些建议。
5. I'm very glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to fit in the new school life. Here are a few suggestions.
很高兴收到你的来信，信上询问我关于如何适应新的学校生活。下面是我的一些建议。
6. I'm very glad to have received your e-mail. Now I'm writing to give you some advice on how to learn English well in high school.
很高兴收到你的电子邮件。现在，关于如何在高中学好英语，我写信给你一些建议。
第二部分：介绍详情、说明原因
(1) 它将于下午两点钟开始，四点钟结束，在此期间将会有十五位准备充分的参赛者发表演讲。
It will begin at 2:00 pm and last two hours, during which time 15 well-prepared contestants will deliver their speeches.
(2) 我们将会在上午八点出发，九点到达那里。
We will start at 8:00 am and arrive there at 9:00.
(3) 下午，我们会一起……
During the afternoon, we’ll...together.
(4) 记得带上水和午餐。
Remember to take water and lunch with you.
(5) 顺便说一下，你可以乘坐322路公交车，它会直接把你带到俱乐部。
By the way, you may take Bus No. 322 and it will take you directly to the club.
(6) 我知道你的母语是英语，还是一名英语老师。我代表我们学校真诚地邀请你来比赛现场。
I know you are a native speaker of English and an English teacher, and I, on behalf of our school, sincerely invite you to be part of the contest.
(7) 既然你如此渴望提高英语，这会是一个很好的机会。
Since you are so eager to improve your English, it will prove to be a great chance.
(8) 我保证你在那里会过得很愉快。
I’m sure that you will enjoy yourself there.
第三部分：提出建议
我建议……
I’d like to suggest that…
May I suggest that…
In my opinion…
I would like to make a recommendation that…
I am writing to advise…
If I were you, I would…
第四部分：希望采纳建议，并表示谢意，盼望回复
1. I hope these suggestions will be of use to you. Remember: where there is a will, there is a way(有志者事竟成).
我希望这些建议会对你有用。记住：有志者事竟成。
2. I hope these suggestions will be of use to you. Remember: The man who has made up his mind to win will never say “impossible”(一个决心要成功的人从来不说“不可能”).
我希望这些建议会对你有用。记住：一个决心要成功的人从来不说“不可能”。
3. Best wishes!
（给你）最美好的祝愿！
4. I hope that my suggestions are helpful for you anyway. I would be more than happy to see improvement.
无论如何，我希望这些建议对你有所帮助。我会非常高兴看到情况改善。
5. I believe that you will take my suggestions into serious account. Whatever you decide to do, good luck with your studies/work！
我相信你会认真考虑我的建议。无论你决定做什么，祝你学习/工作好运。
6. I sincerely hope my advice will be some help for you. If there is more I can do to help, please let me know.
我真诚的希望我的建议对你有一些帮助。如果有更多我可以帮忙的，请告诉我。
四、单元必背语法篇
Grammar　反意疑问句
反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，它表示提问人的看法，没有把握，需要对方证实。 反义疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句，两部分的人称时态应保持一致。如果前一部分用肯定式，后一部分用否定式；反之，前一部分为否定式，后一部分要用肯定式，即“前肯后否，前否后肯”。
(一)简单句中的反义疑问句
1．当陈述部分是“there be＋主语＋其他”结构时，反意疑问部分要用“be (not)＋there”结构。
There are some bananas in the basket, aren't_there 篮子里有一些香蕉，是吗？
2．当陈述句部分有情态动词must时，反意疑问部分有三种情况
(1)must表示“必须，禁止”时，反意疑问部分要用must (mustn't)．
You mustn't stop your car here, must_you 你不能把车停在这里，明白吗？
(2)must表示“有必要”时，反意疑问句部分要用needn't.
They must finish the work today, needn't_they 他们今天必须完成这项工作，是吗？
(3)当must用来表示对现在的情况进行“推测”时，反意疑问部分要根据must后面的动词采用相应的形式。
He must be good at maths, isn't_he 他数学一定学得很好，是吗？
3．当陈述部分是everyone/everybody, someone/somebody, no one/nobody, none等表示人的不定代词时，反意疑问句部分的主语多用they，但也可用he；当陈述部分的主语是everything, anything, something, nothing等表示物的不定代词时，反意疑问句部分的主语用it。
Nobody came when I was out, did_they 我在外时，没人来过，是吗？
Everything has gone wrong today, hasn't_it 今天所有事情都出问题了，是吗？
4．当陈述部分有hardly, scarcely, barely, rarely, seldom, few, little, no, never, nothing, nobody, nowhere等否定词或半否定词时，反意疑问句部分要用肯定形式。
名师点津　如果陈述句部分是带有否定前缀或后缀时，反意疑问句部分仍用否定结构。
It's impossible for him to make such a mistake, isn't_it 他不可能犯这样的错误，是吗？
5．当陈述部分有情态动词ought to时，反意疑问句部分要用ought/should (oughtn't/shouldn't)；如陈述部分为情态动词used to，反意疑问部分可用usedn't或didn't；如陈述部分为had better，反意疑问部分用hadn't或shouldn't。
Such things ought not to be allowed, ought_they 这种事是不允许的，是吗？
You'd better do it by yourself, hadn't/shouldn't_you 你最好自己做，好吗？
6．当陈述句部分是I am ... 时，反意疑问句部分通常要用aren't I；如陈述句部分的主语是I am not时，反意疑问句部分通常要用am I。
I'm late for the meeting, aren't_I 我开会迟到了，是吗？
I'm not doing well, am_I 我做得不好，是吗？
(二)祈使句和感叹句中的反意疑问句
1．Let开头的祈使句，构成反意疑问句时，除Let's用shall we构成反意疑问句外，其他均用will you.
Let the boy go first, will_you 让这个男孩先走，可以吗？
Let's take a walk after supper, shall_we 我们晚饭后散步吧，好不好？
2．祈使句的肯定形式，其反意疑问句表示“请求”时，通常用will you；表示“邀请，劝说”时，用won't you。
Be sure to write to us, will_you 一定要给我们写信，好吗？
Come to have dinner with us this evening, won't_you 今晚来和我们吃晚饭，好吗？
3．祈使句的否定形式，其反意疑问句通常只用will you构成。
Don't smoke in the meeting room, will_you 不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？
4．变异祈使句，即句首为一呼语，后接第二人称代词引导的一个一般现在时的陈述句，这时，我们应将其视为无主语的祈使句结构，反意疑问句部分要用will you构成。
Mike, you take all these tables out of the next room, will_you 迈克，你把所有的这些桌子搬出隔壁房间，好吗？
5．感叹句的反意疑问句一律使用否定式，并用be的一般现在时形式。
What a foolish child (he is), isn't_he 他是多么无知的一个孩子呀，是吗？
(三)并列句中的反意疑问句
当陈述句是由并列连词and, but, or, for, so等连接的两个并列分句组成时，反意疑问句部分一般与最接近的分句保持一致，也就是说，对后一分句进行反问。
He was a lazy child, and he didn't pass the exam, did_he 他很懒，没有通过考试，是吗？
(四)复合句结构中的反意疑问句
1．在宾语从句中，如果陈述句部分是“I think (believe, suppose, imagine, expect等)＋宾语从句”， 反意疑问句部分应与宾语从句的主谓保持一致，并要注意否定转移。
I don't think you have heard of him before, have_you 我认为你之前没有听说过他，是吗？
名师点津　当think等这些动词的主语不是第一人称，或主语是第一人称，而动词时态不是一般现在时，这时，反意疑问句的助动词和人称代词要与主句保持一致。
Mary thinks you will come to the party, doesn't_she 玛丽认为你会来参加派对，是吗？
2．一般情况下，陈述句部分是主从复合句时，反意疑问句部分的代词和助动词应与主句中的主语和动词保持一致。
This is the second time that he has been to Japan, isn't_it 这是他第二次来到日本，是吗？
当陈述句部分为主语从句时，反意疑问句的主语用it。
That he didn't pass the entrance exam made his parents very angry, didn't_it
他没有通过入学考试，这使得他父母很生气，是吗？
对反意疑问句的回答，无论问题的提法如何，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes，事实是否定的，就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构，反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时，回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。
—He likes playing football, doesn't he
—Yes, he does./No, he doesn't.
——他喜欢踢球，不是吗？
——不，他喜欢。/是的，他不喜欢。
—His sister didn't attend the meeting, did she
—Yes, she did./No, she didn't.
——他妹妹未出席会议，是吗？
——不，她去了。/是的，她没去。