（人教版2019）高考英语 一轮复习夯实基础必背知识清单 专题03.必修第2册 Unit 3 The Internet
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一轮复习夯实基础必背知识清单
专题03.必修第2册 Unit 3 The Internet
一、单元必背词汇篇
重点词汇 阅读单词——我会认 1．blog n．博客 vi.写博客 2．blogger n．博客作者；博主 3．identity n．身份；个性 4．database n．数据库；资料库 5．software n．软件 6．network n．(互联)网络；网状系统；人际网 vt.将……连接成网络；联播 vi.建立工作关系 7．province n．省 8．resident n．居民；(美国的)住院医生adj.(在某地)居住的 9．battery n．电池 10．button n．按钮；纽扣 11．file n．文件；文件夹；档案 12．troll n．发挑衅帖子的人；恶意挑衅的帖子 13．cyberbully n．网霸vt.& vi.网络欺凌 14．guideline n．准则；指导原则 15．define vt.给……下定义；界定；解释 16．stream vt.流播(不用下载直接在互联网上播放音视频)；流出 vi.流动n．小河；溪流 重点单词——我会写 1．engine n．引擎；发动机；火车头 2．chat vi.聊天；闲聊 3．cash n．现金；金钱 4．update vt.更新；向……提供最新信息n．更新；最新消息 5．stuck adj.卡住；陷(入)；困(于) 6．surf vt.& vi.浏览；冲浪 7．charity n．慈善；慈善机构(或组织) 8．tough adj.艰难的；严厉的 9．plus conj.而且；此外 n．加号；优势prep.加；另加 10．function n．功能；作用；机能vi.起作用；正常工作；运转 11．confirm vt.确认；使确信 12．press vt.按，压；敦促 13．discount n．折扣 vt.打折 14．account n．账户；描述 15．click vt.& vi.点击 16．target n．目标；对象；靶子 vt.把……作为攻击目标 17．particular adj.特定的；特别的；讲究的 18．upset adj.心烦的；苦恼的；沮丧的 vt.(upset，upset)使烦恼；使生气；搅乱 19．tip n．忠告；诀窍；实用的提示 20．familiar adj.熟悉；熟知 21．case n．盒；箱；情况；案件
词汇拓展 1．convenient adj.方便的；近便的→convenience n．方便→inconvenience n．不便 2．benefit n．益处 vt.使受益 vi.得益于→beneficial adj.有益的 3．distance n．距离→distant adj.遥远的；疏远的→distantly adv.疏远地 4．inspire vt.鼓舞；激励；启发思考→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的；使人振奋的→inspired adj.受启发的；受鼓舞的→inspiration n．灵感；启发 5．access n．通道；(使用、查阅、接近或面见的)机会 vt.进入；使用；获取→accessible adj.可以进入的；可以使用的 6．privacy n．隐私；私密→private adj.私人的；秘密的→privately adv.私下地 7．theft n．偷(窃)；盗窃罪→thief n．小偷 8．rude adj.粗鲁的；无礼的→rudely adv.粗鲁地→rudeness n．粗鲁，粗暴 9．false adj.假的；错误的→fault n．错误；瑕疵 10．embarrassing adj.让人难堪(尴尬；害羞)的→embarrassed adj.感到难堪(尴尬)的→embarrassment n．尴尬
重点词组 1．keep pany陪伴某人 2．now that既然；由于 3．go through经历；度过；仔细检查 4．in shape状况良好 5．keep track of掌握……的最新消息；了解……的动态 6．make fun of取笑；戏弄 7．keep (...) in mind牢记
重点句型 1．There are countless articles telling us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient. 讲述互联网如何使我们的生活变得更加方便的文章数不胜数。 2．At age 50，she found herself out of work and stuck at home with only her computer to keep her company. 50岁时，她发觉自己失业了，困在家里，只有电脑相伴。 3．She was so inspired by the people she met online that she decided to start an IT club to teach older people how to use computers and the Internet. 她受到网友的启发，决定成立一个IT俱乐部来教年纪较大的人们学习如何使用电脑和互联网。 4．A troll is a person who posts comments or questions in order to stir up trouble online. 网络挑事者就是在网上张贴评论或问题以挑起事端的人。 5．However，the more polite you are，the less likely it is you will be attacked. 但是，你越有礼貌，你被攻击的可能性就越小。
单元必背文章篇
Passage 1
HOW WE HAVE BEEN CHANGED BY THE INTERNET
Our lives have become more convenient by the Internet. Not only can we pay without carrying cash and update our information instantly, but we can download what we need from large databases by online communities and social networks.
An English teacher,who was stuck at home with only her computer to keep her company,found that surfing the Internet could remove the distance between people and help her feel less lonely and bored.Having inspired by the people she met online, she started an IT club to teach older people how to use computers and the Internet.Now that many older people benefited from the Internet,their lives have improved a lot.
It is very important for everyone to have access to the Internet and know how to use new technology. When you go through tough times,you can seek for help from a charity website on the Internet.
互联网如何改变了我们
互联网已经使我们的生活更加方便。我们不仅可以不用带现金支付，而且可以即时更新信息，还可以通过在线社区和社交网络从大型数据库下载所需信息。
一位困在家里只有电脑相伴的英语老师发现，上网可以拉近人与人之间的距离，帮助她减少孤独感和无聊感。网友给了她很大的启发，她成立了一个IT俱乐部，教老年人如何使用电脑和互联网。既然许多老年人受益于互联网，他们的生活有了很大改善。
对每个人来说，上网并知道如何使用新技术是非常重要的。当你经历困难时，你可以向慈善网站寻求帮助。
Passage 2
How to stay safe online and avoid unpleasant experiences on the Internet
Have you had any unpleasant experiences online, or have you ever felt very upset because of having been made fun of online
First of all, don’t post comments or click on anything if you see or read something that makes you feel uncomfortable. Second, protect your privacy because identity theft is a common and serious problem. Third, be polite without being rude, and you will not become a target for a troll or cyberbully. A troll often use several false names so that he can stay on a site. A cyberbully will also write something mean but it is usually directed at particular people. He or she may also post embarrassing photos and information about those people. However, the more polite you are, the less likely it is you will be attacked.
如何确保安全上网，避免在互联网上遇到不愉快呢？
你在网上有过不愉快的经历吗，或者你曾经因为被网上取笑而感到非常沮丧吗？
首先，如果你看到或读到一些让你反感的内容，不要发表评论或点击任何东西。第二，保护你的隐私，因为身份盗窃是一个普遍而严重的问题。第三，礼貌而不粗鲁，这样你就不会成为网络挑事者或网络恶霸的目标。网络挑事者经常使用几个假名，这样他就可以长期待在一个网站上。网络恶霸利用互联网来欺负别人。就网络挑事者一样，网络恶霸也会写一些恶意的东西，但通常是针对特定的人。网络恶霸也可能在网上发一些让这些人感到尴尬的照片和信息。然而，你越有礼貌，你被攻击的可能性就越小。
三、单元必背写作素材篇
祝贺信
必备词汇
1.congratulate sb. on.… 祝贺某人……
2. express/send my sincere congratulations to sb. on sth. 为某事向某人送上我诚挚的祝贺
3. give/offer my congratulations to sb. on sth. 为某事向某人表示祝贺
4. Congratulations on your success. 祝贺你的成功。
5. wish you success in… 祝你成功
6.Have the opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事
7. succeed in doing sth./be successful in doing sth. 在……中获得成功
8. be proud of. ./take pride in… 自豪，以……为骄傲
9. Practice doing sth. every day 每天练习做某事
10. Win the first place 赢得第一名
11. come true 实现，成真
12. achieve one’s dreams 实现某人的梦想
13. be of great help/benefit 有很大的帮助／好处
14.witness your success 见证你的成功
15. Everything comes to him who waits. 功夫不负有心人。
高分句式
首段：祝贺所取得的成绩
1.I am writing to express my congratulations on your winning the first place in the English speech contest.
我写信祝贺你的英语演讲比赛获得第一名。
2. Congratulations on your success in the National College Entrance Examination.
祝贺你高考成功。
3. Please accept my most sincere congratulations and best wishes for the future.
请接受我最诚挚的祝贺和最良好的祝愿。
4. We are all proud of the great achievements you have made.
我们为你已取得的巨大成就感到骄傲。
5.1 feel very happy for your dream has come true.
我很高兴你终于梦想成真了。
中间段：被祝贺人过去的努力
1.In my view, you work hard and besides that, you are a very intelligent person.
在我看来，你努力工作，除此之外，你是个很聪明的人。
2.1 know that you were not good at Chinese at first. However, you practiced speaking Chinese every day.
我知道当初你不擅长中文。然而你每天都练习说中文。
3.I am sure your parents are greatly proud of you.
我相信你的父母为你感到非常自豪。
4. It came as no surprise to me that you won the contest.
你赢得了比赛，对我不足为奇。
5.1 just want you to know how pleased I am to witness your success.
我只是想让你知道我是多么高兴见证你的成功。
6. You don’t know how excited I was when I heard the good news.
你不知道当我听到这个好消息是多么兴奋。
7. As the saying goes, “ Everything comes to him who waits. “ Finally, you succeeded.
俗话说，“功夫不负有心人。”最后，你成功了！
结尾段：表达愿望
1.Sincere congratulations to you again!
再次真诚地祝贺你！
2.1 hope your future will be glorious.
我希望你的未来是是辉煌的。
3. wish you greater success in university and serve for the hometown in the future.
祝你在大学取得更大的成功，为未来的家乡服务。
4. 1 will be grateful if you can write me back and give me your advice. I am looking forward to your early reply.
如果你能回信给我建议我会很感激。希望早日得到你的答复。
5. Could you share with me how you improve your spoken English Your experience will be of great help to me in learning.
你能与我分享你是如何提高英语口语的吗？你的经验将有助于我的学习。
四、单元必背语法篇
Grammar 现在完成时的被动语态
[观察例句]
1．Much has been written about the Great Wall.
2．Many people have been helped by the club.
3．Jan's life has been greatly improved by the Internet.
4．Look at the way your face has been washed.
5．Today I thought I'd answer a question that has been asked many times—how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet
[归纳句法]
一、现在完成时的被动语态的构成
have/has＋been＋过去分词
二、现在完成时的被动语态的常用句式
肯定式 主语＋have/has been done...
否定式 主语＋have/has not been done...
一般疑问式 Have/Has＋主语＋been done...？
特殊疑问式 疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done...？
The city has been swept through by heat wave recently.
最近炎热横扫了这座城市。
His work has not been finished.
他的工作尚未完成。
Have the new booking systems for tickets been used
新的订票制度已在使用中了吗？
How long has the battery not been changed
电池多久没有更换了？
[即学即练1] 根据要求变换句子
The children have already been told the good news.
①The children the good news yet.(改为否定句)
② the good news yet？(改为一般疑问句)
③ the good news yet？(对the children进行提问)
三、现在完成时的被动语态的用法
1．表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。
通常与already，yet，never，recently等副词及时间状语so far，by now，up till now，before...等连用。
The work has already been finished.
工作已完成了。(结果是现在不用做这项工作了)
The doctor hasn't been sent for yet.
还没有派人去请医生。(现在应派人去请医生)
2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去。
常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long...？句型中。
The machine has been repaired for two hours.
这台机器已经修了两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修)
3．用在时间或条件等状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
You can go home as soon as your task has been finished.
你的任务一完成就可以回家。
[即学即练2] 单句语法填空
①In the last few years thousands of films have been produced(produce)all over the world.
②Though we don't know what was discussed，yet we can feel the topic has been changed(change).
四、使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意的事项
1．与一般过去时的被动语态的区别
一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。
The park was opened to the public last year.
去年这家公园向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去)
The park has been opened to the public.
这家公园已向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去，但对现在有影响，即现在公园已经开放了)
2．非延续性动词
如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。
The work was finished two weeks ago.
这项工作在两周前已经完成。
The work has been finished.
这项工作已经完成。
3．动词短语
动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。
It is said that the problem has been looked into.
据说已经调查了这个问题。
4．带有复合宾语的动词
变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。
注意：原来作宾补的省略to的不定式在被动语态中要用带to的不定式。
I have told them to help you.
→They have been told to help you.
5．带有双宾语的动词
如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，pay，lend，pass，promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。
The company has given him a chance to work abroad recently.
→He has been given a chance to work abroad recently (by the company).
→A chance to work abroad has been given to him recently (by the company).
[即学即练3] 单句语法填空
①The bridge near the village (build)last year.
②No books (buy)since last week.
③An e mail (send)to me by now.
【答案】1. was built2.have been bought3.has been sent
一轮复习夯实基础必背知识清单
专题03.必修第2册 Unit 3 The Internet
一、单元必背词汇篇
重点词汇 阅读单词——我会认 1．blog n．博客 vi.写博客 2．blogger n．博客作者；博主 3．identity n．身份；个性 4．database n．数据库；资料库 5．software n．软件 6．network n．(互联)网络；网状系统；人际网 vt.将……连接成网络；联播 vi.建立工作关系 7．province n．省 8．resident n．居民；(美国的)住院医生adj.(在某地)居住的 9．battery n．电池 10．button n．按钮；纽扣 11．file n．文件；文件夹；档案 12．troll n．发挑衅帖子的人；恶意挑衅的帖子 13．cyberbully n．网霸vt.& vi.网络欺凌 14．guideline n．准则；指导原则 15．define vt.给……下定义；界定；解释 16．stream vt.流播(不用下载直接在互联网上播放音视频)；流出 vi.流动n．小河；溪流 重点单词——我会写 1．engine n．引擎；发动机；火车头 2．chat vi.聊天；闲聊 3．cash n．现金；金钱 4．update vt.更新；向……提供最新信息n．更新；最新消息 5．stuck adj.卡住；陷(入)；困(于) 6．surf vt.& vi.浏览；冲浪 7．charity n．慈善；慈善机构(或组织) 8．tough adj.艰难的；严厉的 9．plus conj.而且；此外 n．加号；优势prep.加；另加 10．function n．功能；作用；机能vi.起作用；正常工作；运转 11．confirm vt.确认；使确信 12．press vt.按，压；敦促 13．discount n．折扣 vt.打折 14．account n．账户；描述 15．click vt.& vi.点击 16．target n．目标；对象；靶子 vt.把……作为攻击目标 17．particular adj.特定的；特别的；讲究的 18．upset adj.心烦的；苦恼的；沮丧的 vt.(upset，upset)使烦恼；使生气；搅乱 19．tip n．忠告；诀窍；实用的提示 20．familiar adj.熟悉；熟知 21．case n．盒；箱；情况；案件
词汇拓展 1．convenient adj.方便的；近便的→convenience n．方便→inconvenience n．不便 2．benefit n．益处 vt.使受益 vi.得益于→beneficial adj.有益的 3．distance n．距离→distant adj.遥远的；疏远的→distantly adv.疏远地 4．inspire vt.鼓舞；激励；启发思考→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的；使人振奋的→inspired adj.受启发的；受鼓舞的→inspiration n．灵感；启发 5．access n．通道；(使用、查阅、接近或面见的)机会 vt.进入；使用；获取→accessible adj.可以进入的；可以使用的 6．privacy n．隐私；私密→private adj.私人的；秘密的→privately adv.私下地 7．theft n．偷(窃)；盗窃罪→thief n．小偷 8．rude adj.粗鲁的；无礼的→rudely adv.粗鲁地→rudeness n．粗鲁，粗暴 9．false adj.假的；错误的→fault n．错误；瑕疵 10．embarrassing adj.让人难堪(尴尬；害羞)的→embarrassed adj.感到难堪(尴尬)的→embarrassment n．尴尬
重点词组 1．keep pany陪伴某人 2．now that既然；由于 3．go through经历；度过；仔细检查 4．in shape状况良好 5．keep track of掌握……的最新消息；了解……的动态 6．make fun of取笑；戏弄 7．keep (...) in mind牢记
重点句型 1．There are countless articles telling us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient. 讲述互联网如何使我们的生活变得更加方便的文章数不胜数。 2．At age 50，she found herself out of work and stuck at home with only her computer to keep her company. 50岁时，她发觉自己失业了，困在家里，只有电脑相伴。 3．She was so inspired by the people she met online that she decided to start an IT club to teach older people how to use computers and the Internet. 她受到网友的启发，决定成立一个IT俱乐部来教年纪较大的人们学习如何使用电脑和互联网。 4．A troll is a person who posts comments or questions in order to stir up trouble online. 网络挑事者就是在网上张贴评论或问题以挑起事端的人。 5．However，the more polite you are，the less likely it is you will be attacked. 但是，你越有礼貌，你被攻击的可能性就越小。
单元必背文章篇
Passage 1
HOW WE HAVE BEEN CHANGED BY THE INTERNET
Our lives have become more convenient by the Internet. Not only can we pay without carrying cash and update our information instantly, but we can download what we need from large databases by online communities and social networks.
An English teacher,who was stuck at home with only her computer to keep her company,found that surfing the Internet could remove the distance between people and help her feel less lonely and bored.Having inspired by the people she met online, she started an IT club to teach older people how to use computers and the Internet.Now that many older people benefited from the Internet,their lives have improved a lot.
It is very important for everyone to have access to the Internet and know how to use new technology. When you go through tough times,you can seek for help from a charity website on the Internet.
互联网如何改变了我们
互联网已经使我们的生活更加方便。我们不仅可以不用带现金支付，而且可以即时更新信息，还可以通过在线社区和社交网络从大型数据库下载所需信息。
一位困在家里只有电脑相伴的英语老师发现，上网可以拉近人与人之间的距离，帮助她减少孤独感和无聊感。网友给了她很大的启发，她成立了一个IT俱乐部，教老年人如何使用电脑和互联网。既然许多老年人受益于互联网，他们的生活有了很大改善。
对每个人来说，上网并知道如何使用新技术是非常重要的。当你经历困难时，你可以向慈善网站寻求帮助。
Passage 2
How to stay safe online and avoid unpleasant experiences on the Internet
Have you had any unpleasant experiences online, or have you ever felt very upset because of having been made fun of online
First of all, don’t post comments or click on anything if you see or read something that makes you feel uncomfortable. Second, protect your privacy because identity theft is a common and serious problem. Third, be polite without being rude, and you will not become a target for a troll or cyberbully. A troll often use several false names so that he can stay on a site. A cyberbully will also write something mean but it is usually directed at particular people. He or she may also post embarrassing photos and information about those people. However, the more polite you are, the less likely it is you will be attacked.
如何确保安全上网，避免在互联网上遇到不愉快呢？
你在网上有过不愉快的经历吗，或者你曾经因为被网上取笑而感到非常沮丧吗？
首先，如果你看到或读到一些让你反感的内容，不要发表评论或点击任何东西。第二，保护你的隐私，因为身份盗窃是一个普遍而严重的问题。第三，礼貌而不粗鲁，这样你就不会成为网络挑事者或网络恶霸的目标。网络挑事者经常使用几个假名，这样他就可以长期待在一个网站上。网络恶霸利用互联网来欺负别人。就网络挑事者一样，网络恶霸也会写一些恶意的东西，但通常是针对特定的人。网络恶霸也可能在网上发一些让这些人感到尴尬的照片和信息。然而，你越有礼貌，你被攻击的可能性就越小。
三、单元必背写作素材篇
祝贺信
必备词汇
1.congratulate sb. on.… 祝贺某人……
2. express/send my sincere congratulations to sb. on sth. 为某事向某人送上我诚挚的祝贺
3. give/offer my congratulations to sb. on sth. 为某事向某人表示祝贺
4. Congratulations on your success. 祝贺你的成功。
5. wish you success in… 祝你成功
6.Have the opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事
7. succeed in doing sth./be successful in doing sth. 在……中获得成功
8. be proud of. ./take pride in… 自豪，以……为骄傲
9. Practice doing sth. every day 每天练习做某事
10. Win the first place 赢得第一名
11. come true 实现，成真
12. achieve one’s dreams 实现某人的梦想
13. be of great help/benefit 有很大的帮助／好处
14.witness your success 见证你的成功
15. Everything comes to him who waits. 功夫不负有心人。
高分句式
首段：祝贺所取得的成绩
1.I am writing to express my congratulations on your winning the first place in the English speech contest.
我写信祝贺你的英语演讲比赛获得第一名。
2. Congratulations on your success in the National College Entrance Examination.
祝贺你高考成功。
3. Please accept my most sincere congratulations and best wishes for the future.
请接受我最诚挚的祝贺和最良好的祝愿。
4. We are all proud of the great achievements you have made.
我们为你已取得的巨大成就感到骄傲。
5.1 feel very happy for your dream has come true.
我很高兴你终于梦想成真了。
中间段：被祝贺人过去的努力
1.In my view, you work hard and besides that, you are a very intelligent person.
在我看来，你努力工作，除此之外，你是个很聪明的人。
2.1 know that you were not good at Chinese at first. However, you practiced speaking Chinese every day.
我知道当初你不擅长中文。然而你每天都练习说中文。
3.I am sure your parents are greatly proud of you.
我相信你的父母为你感到非常自豪。
4. It came as no surprise to me that you won the contest.
你赢得了比赛，对我不足为奇。
5.1 just want you to know how pleased I am to witness your success.
我只是想让你知道我是多么高兴见证你的成功。
6. You don’t know how excited I was when I heard the good news.
你不知道当我听到这个好消息是多么兴奋。
7. As the saying goes, “ Everything comes to him who waits. “ Finally, you succeeded.
俗话说，“功夫不负有心人。”最后，你成功了！
结尾段：表达愿望
1.Sincere congratulations to you again!
再次真诚地祝贺你！
2.1 hope your future will be glorious.
我希望你的未来是是辉煌的。
3. wish you greater success in university and serve for the hometown in the future.
祝你在大学取得更大的成功，为未来的家乡服务。
4. 1 will be grateful if you can write me back and give me your advice. I am looking forward to your early reply.
如果你能回信给我建议我会很感激。希望早日得到你的答复。
5. Could you share with me how you improve your spoken English Your experience will be of great help to me in learning.
你能与我分享你是如何提高英语口语的吗？你的经验将有助于我的学习。
四、单元必背语法篇
Grammar 现在完成时的被动语态
[观察例句]
1．Much has been written about the Great Wall.
2．Many people have been helped by the club.
3．Jan's life has been greatly improved by the Internet.
4．Look at the way your face has been washed.
5．Today I thought I'd answer a question that has been asked many times—how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet
[归纳句法]
一、现在完成时的被动语态的构成
have/has＋been＋过去分词
二、现在完成时的被动语态的常用句式
肯定式 主语＋have/has been done...
否定式 主语＋have/has not been done...
一般疑问式 Have/Has＋主语＋been done...？
特殊疑问式 疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done...？
The city has been swept through by heat wave recently.
最近炎热横扫了这座城市。
His work has not been finished.
他的工作尚未完成。
Have the new booking systems for tickets been used
新的订票制度已在使用中了吗？
How long has the battery not been changed
电池多久没有更换了？
[即学即练1] 根据要求变换句子
The children have already been told the good news.
①The children the good news yet.(改为否定句)
② the good news yet？(改为一般疑问句)
③ the good news yet？(对the children进行提问)
三、现在完成时的被动语态的用法
1．表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。
通常与already，yet，never，recently等副词及时间状语so far，by now，up till now，before...等连用。
The work has already been finished.
工作已完成了。(结果是现在不用做这项工作了)
The doctor hasn't been sent for yet.
还没有派人去请医生。(现在应派人去请医生)
2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去。
常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long...？句型中。
The machine has been repaired for two hours.
这台机器已经修了两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修)
3．用在时间或条件等状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
You can go home as soon as your task has been finished.
你的任务一完成就可以回家。
[即学即练2] 单句语法填空
①In the last few years thousands of films have been produced(produce)all over the world.
②Though we don't know what was discussed，yet we can feel the topic has been changed(change).
四、使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意的事项
1．与一般过去时的被动语态的区别
一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。
The park was opened to the public last year.
去年这家公园向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去)
The park has been opened to the public.
这家公园已向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去，但对现在有影响，即现在公园已经开放了)
2．非延续性动词
如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。
The work was finished two weeks ago.
这项工作在两周前已经完成。
The work has been finished.
这项工作已经完成。
3．动词短语
动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。
It is said that the problem has been looked into.
据说已经调查了这个问题。
4．带有复合宾语的动词
变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。
注意：原来作宾补的省略to的不定式在被动语态中要用带to的不定式。
I have told them to help you.
→They have been told to help you.
5．带有双宾语的动词
如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，pay，lend，pass，promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。
The company has given him a chance to work abroad recently.
→He has been given a chance to work abroad recently (by the company).
→A chance to work abroad has been given to him recently (by the company).
[即学即练3] 单句语法填空
①The bridge near the village (build)last year.
②No books (buy)since last week.
③An e mail (send)to me by now.
【答案】1. was built2.have been bought3.has been sent