（人教版2019）高考英语 一轮复习夯实基础必背知识清单 专题01.必修第2册　Unit 1 Cultural Heritage

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一轮复习夯实基础必背知识清单
专题01.必修第2册　Unit 1 Cultural Heritage
一、单元必背词汇篇
重点词汇 阅读单词——我会认 1．heritage n．遗产(指国家或社会长期形成的历史、传统和特色) 2．temple n．庙；寺 3．relic n．遗物；遗迹 4．clue n．线索；提示 5．cypress n．柏树 6．dam n．水坝；拦河坝 7．committee n．委员会 8．fund n．基金；专款 9．document n．文件；公文；(计算机)文档vt.记录；记载(详情) 10．republic n．共和国 11．archaeologist n．考古学家 12．pyramid n．(古埃及的)金字塔；棱锥体 13．sheet n．一张(纸)；床单；被单 14．chiwen n．鸱吻 15．digital adj.数码的；数字显示的 16．image n．形象；印象 17．cave n．山洞；洞穴 18．historic adj.历史上著名(或重要)的；有史时期的 19．quote vt.引用 20．paraphrase n．，vi.& vt.(用更容易理解的文字)解释 21．comparison n．比较；相比 22．contrast n．对比；对照vt.对比；对照 23．identify vt.确认；认出；找到 24．the Nile尼罗河 25．Egypt埃及(国家名) 26．Egyptian adj.埃及的 27．UNESCO abbr.联合国教科文组织 28．Moscow莫斯科(俄罗斯首都) Ⅱ.重点单词——我会写 1．mount n．山峰vt.爬上；骑上vi.爬；登上 2．former adj.以前的；(两者中)前者的 3．preserve vt.保存；保护；维持n．保护区 4．promote vt.促进；提升；推销；晋级 5．app n．应用程序；应用软件(application的缩略形式) 6．balance n．平衡；均匀vt.使平衡 7．likely adj.可能的adv.可能地 8．department n．部；司；科 9．within prep.& adv.在(某段时间、距离或范围)之内 10．issue n．重要议题；争论的问题vt.宣布；公布 11．conduct n．行为；举止；管理方法 vt.组织；安排；带领 12．attempt n．& vt.企图；试图；尝试 13．worthwhile adj.值得做的；值得花时间的 14．download vt.下载 n．下载；已下载的数据资料 15．entrance n．入口；进入 16．process n．过程；进程；步骤vt.处理；加工 17．overseas adj.海外的adv.在海外 18．exit n．出口；通道 vi.& vt.出去；离去 19．parade n．游行；检阅 vi.游行庆祝；游行示威 20．mirror n．镜子 21．roof n．顶部；屋顶 22．dragon n．龙 23．forgive vt.& vi.(forgave，forgiven) 原谅；宽恕vt.对不起；请原谅 24．quality n．质量；品质；素质；特征adj.优质的；高质量的 25．further adv.(far的比较级)更远；进一步 26．opinion n．意见；想法；看法 27．forever adv.永远；长久地
词汇拓展 1．creatively adv.创造性地；有创造力地→creative adj.创造性的；有创造力的；有创意的→create vt.创造→creativity n．创造性；创造力 2．promote vt.促进；提升；推销；晋级→promotion n．提升；推销；晋级 3．application n．申请(表)；用途；运用；应用(程序)→apply vt.& vi.申请；应用→applicant n．申请人 4．proposal n．提议；建议→propose vt.提议；建议 5．establish vt.建立；创立→establishment n．建立；创立 6．limit n．限度；限制 vt.限制；限定→limited adj.有限的；受限制的→limitless adj.无限的；无尽的 7．prevent vt.阻止；阻碍；阻挠→prevention n．防止；预防→preventive adj.预防性的；防备的 8．loss n．丧失；损失→lose vt.丢失→lost adj.迷路的；失去的 9．contribution n．捐款；贡献；捐赠→contribute vi.& vt.捐献；捐助 10．donate vt.(尤指向慈善机构)捐赠；赠送；献(血)→donation n．捐赠；赠送→donor n．捐赠者；捐赠人 11．disappear vi.消失；灭绝；消亡→disappearance n．消失；灭绝→(反义词)appear vi.出现→appearance n．出现；外表 12．professional adj.专业的；职业的 n．专业人员；职业选手→profession n．专业；职业→professor n．教授 13．tradition n．传统；传统的信仰或风俗→traditional adj.传统的 14．comparison n．比较；相比→compare vt.& vi.与……相比较
重点词组 1．take part in参与(某事)；参加(某活动) 2．give way to让步；屈服 3．keep balance保持平衡 4．lead to导致 5．make a proposal提出建议 6．turn to向……求助 7．prevent...from...阻止；不准 8．donate...to...向……捐赠…… 9．make sure确保；设法保证 10．all over the world在世界各地 11．the Forbidden City紫禁城
重点句型 1．There comes a time when the old must give way to the new，and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. 新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。 2．Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past，but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow. 这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路，而且明白了多个国家合作创造美好未来的可能性。 3．It is said that it’s a mirror that can tell right from wrong! 据说这是一面可以分辨是非的镜子！ 4．This makes it an important cultural heritage site not just for China，but for all people around the world. 这使得它不仅是中国的重要文化遗产，也是全世界人民的重要文化遗产。 5．Every part of the Great Wall is easy to find and see. 长城的每一部分都很容易找到、看到。
单元必背文章篇
Passage 1
From problems to solutions
Finding and keeping the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge. Big challenges, however, can sometimes lead to great solutions. Take the Aswan Dam for example. Though the new dam would be likely to benefit the local people, the proposal led to protests. Finally, a committee was established to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics. The group asked for contributions and raised funds. After experts had investigated the issue and conducted several tests, a document was signed to suggest how the buildings could be saved, and the work began in 1960. Over the next 20 years, 22 temples and countless cultural relics have been saved. Fifty countries donated nearly $80 million to the project.The project was considered a great success. The spirit of the Aswan Dam project is still alive today.
从问题重重到迎刃而解
在发展与保护文化遗产之间要寻找恰当的平衡点，这可能是一项巨大的挑战。然而，巨大的挑战有时会带来伟大的解决方案。以阿斯旺水坝为例。尽管水坝有可能会使当地居民受益，但是，该提议仍然引发了抗议。最后委员会成立了，旨在减少（限制）对埃及建筑物的破坏和防止文物的损失。该委员会要求各部门予以支持（贡献），并筹集资金。专家们经过调查研究此事，进行了多次测试，提出一个保住那些建筑的方案。该方案于1960年开始实施。在随后的20年里，拯救了22座寺庙和不计其数的文物。五十个国家向该项目捐赠了近8000万美元。该项目被视为一个巨大的成功。如今，阿斯旺水坝工程的精神尚存。
Passage 2
Promoting culture through digital images
A group of researchers and scientists from China and other countries are working together to help increase knowledge and appreciation of China’s ancient cultural heritage. They are recording and collecting digital images of cultural relics from the Mogao Caves, which were a key stop along the Silk Road throughout China’s ancient history. The Mogao Caves have long been a meeting point for different cultures and are part of the history of many countries. By sharing so many digital photos on the Internet, the group hopes to promote even wider interest all over the world in China’s ancient history, culture, and traditions. They also hope to further educate people about the importance of safeguarding historic and cultural relics for future generations to understand and appreciate.
通过数字图像促进文化发展
一支由中国及其他国家的研究人员和科学家组成的科研团队，正在通力合作，加强人们对中国古代文化遗产的认识与鉴赏力。他们正在记录和收集莫高窟文物的数码图像，莫高窟在整个中国古代历史上是丝绸之路的一个重要站点。长期以来，莫高窟一直是多元文化的交汇点，也是许多国家历史文化的一部分。这些科学家和研究者在网络上分享了大量(有关莫高窟的)电子照片，希望在世界范围内促使人们对中国古代历史和文化习俗产生更广泛的兴趣。他们还希望进一步教育人们认识和保护历史文化遗迹以供后代了解和欣赏的重要性。
三、单元必背写作素材篇
推荐信
必备词汇
1.recommend sb./ sth.to sb. 推荐某人/某物给某人
2.present sb./ sth.to sb. 介绍某人/某物给某人
3.take great pleasure in. 以……为乐
4.afford me much pleasure to do sth. 做某事给我很多快乐
5.in search of 寻找
6.an ideal candidate 一个理想的候选人
7.without reservation 毫无保留
8.be convinced of.. 确信
9.give full play to..… 充分发挥
●表达“能力”
1.have a gift for 对……有天赋
2.be skilled in… 擅长……
3.be experienced in… 有……的经验
4.be an expert in... 熟练于
5.speak fluent English 说一口流利的英语
6.a boy with great ability 有才能的男孩
7.have a good knowledge/command of... 精通
8.be competent for...胜任
●表达“经历”
1.graduate from... 从……毕业
2.be a graduate from.. 毕业于
3.major in.… 主修
4.gain/win/get the first grade scholarship 获得一级奖学金
5.get good grades 取得好成绩
6.an all-around student 一个全面的学生
7.with excellent grades in all subjects 各科成绩优异
8.be given the title of... 被授……称号
9. gain/win the first prize/place 赢得第一名
10. win a gold/silver/copper medal 赢得金牌/银牌/铜牌
●表达“性格”
1.be enthusiastic about 对……热心
2.be easy to get along with 好相处
高分句式
首段：说明推荐对象
1.I am writing to you to recommend.
我写信给你推荐……
2.It is with a great pleasure that I recommend to you.
非常高兴向你推荐……
3.It affords me much pleasure to recommend…to you.
我非常乐意向你推荐……
4.Itake great pleasure in recommending to you...as an ideal candidate.
我很高兴向你推荐……作为一个理想的候选人。
5.I would like to present…for your consideration in your search for a qualified manager.
我想推荐……作为你招聘合格经理的候选人。
中间段：具体介绍被推荐者的个人信息
1.He is an all-around student with excellent grades in all subjects.He has been given the title of the “excellent student”.
他是一个所有学科都成绩优秀的学生。他曾获得了“优秀学生”称号。
2.As a boy with great potential, he is good at solving difficult problems.
作为一个有巨大潜力的孩子，他擅长解决疑难问题。
3.Li Ming, a graduate from Peking university, majors in computer software design.
李明，毕业于北京大学，主修计算机软件设计。
4.He has enjoyed the reputation/title of the Excellent Graduate
他享有“优秀毕业生”声誉和头衔。
5.Therefore,Ido not hesitate to recommend her as an ideal candidate for the post you advertised.
you advertised.
因此，我毫不犹豫地推荐她作为你招聘职位的理想候选人。
结尾段：希望推荐，期待回信
1.In a word, he would be a good choice. I would be grateful if you could consider my recommendation.
一句话，他将是一个不错的选择。如果你能考虑我的建议，我将不胜感激。
2.1 strongly recommend him to you without reservation.I am confident/convinced that he will be competent for the position.
我毫无保留地强烈向你推荐他。我相信他能胜任这个职位。
3.Therefore,without any hesitation I recommend.…as the right person for your consideration.
因此，我毫不犹豫地推荐……作为合适人选。
4.I would appreciate it if you could consider my recommendation and kindly offer him/her the position.
我希望你能考虑我的建议，给他/她提供这个职位。
5.If you have any further questions regarding his ability or this recommendation,please do not hesitate to contact
me. Please call at 123456.
如果您对他的能力或推荐有任何进一步的问题，请不要犹豫联系我，拨打电话123456。
四、单元必背语法篇
Grammar　定语从句
一、定语从句的定义及分类
起定语作用，修饰某一名词或代词，或修饰整个主句的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。定语从句一般置于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。引导定语从句的关系代词有which，that，who，whom，whose；关系副词有when，where，why等。
[即学即练1]
用适当的关系词填空
①I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, my classmates recommended to me.
②The Smiths，who now downstairs，are asking to see you.
③Do you still remember the chicken farm we visited three months ago
【答案】1.which 2.are 3.that/which
二、定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的用法
关系代词和关系副词有连接先行词和从句、指代先行词并在从句中充当语法成分的三重作用。关系代词与关系副词的作用及用法如下：
关系词 先行词 在从句中的作用 例句
who 人 作主语、宾语 The boy who is standing there is my cousin.站在那儿的那个男孩是我的表弟。
whom 人 作动词宾语或介词宾语(可省略) The man(whom)you met yesterday is Mr. Smith.你昨天见的那个人是史密斯先生。
whose 人或物 (＝of whom/of which)作定语 He lives in a room whose window faces south.他住在一间窗户朝南的房间里。
that 人或物 作主语、宾语或表语(可省略) I don't know about the man(that)you mentioned.我不知道你提到的那个人。
which 物 作主语、宾语 The pen(which)my uncle gave me is missing.我叔叔给我的那支钢笔丢了。
when 表示时间的名词 作时间状语 I'll never forget the day when I joined the Party.我将永远不会忘记我入党的那一天。
where 表示地点的名词 作地点状语 The factory where my father works is in the east of the city.我爸爸工作的那家工厂在这座城市的东部。
why 原因 作原因状语 None of us know the reason why Tom was absent from the meeting.我们都不知道汤姆缺席会议的原因。