（人教版2019）高考英语 一轮复习夯实基础必背知识清单 专题01.必修第3册　Unit1 Festivals and Celebrations

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一轮复习夯实基础必背知识清单
专题01.必修第3册　Unit1 Festivals and Celebrations
一、单元必背词汇篇
重点词汇 阅读单词 1．lantern n．灯笼；提灯 2．carnival n．狂欢节；嘉年华 3．costume n．(某地或某历史时期的)服装；戏装 4．riddle n．谜语；神秘事件 5．samba n．桑巴舞；桑巴舞曲 6．make-up n．化妆品；性格；构成方式 7．firecracker n．鞭炮；爆竹 8．evil adj.邪恶的；有害的；罪恶的 n．邪恶；罪恶；恶行 9．commercial adj.商业(化)的；以获利为目的的 10．commercialise(NAmE also -ize)vt.使商业化；利用……牟利 11．commercialisation(NAmE also-ization)n.商业化 12．medium n．(pl.media)媒介；手段；方法 adj.中等的；中号的 13．lunar adj.阴历的；月球的；月亮的 14．Christmas carol圣诞颂歌 15．pumpkin n．南瓜 16．pudding n．布丁；(餐末的)甜食 17．mashed potatoes土豆泥 18．autonomous adj.自治的；有自治权的 19．region n．地区；区域；地带 20．wrestling n．摔跤运动 21．wrestle vi.& vt.摔跤；奋力对付 22．wrestler n．摔跤运动员 23．archery n．射箭术；射箭运动 24．robe n．袍服；礼袍 25．eagle n．雕 26．tent n．帐篷 27．pot n．罐；壶；锅 28．Coming-of-Age Day成人节 29．Rio(全称Rio de Janeiro)里约热内卢(巴西城市) 30．Halloween n．万圣节前夕 31．Thanksgiving (Day)感恩节 32．Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region内蒙古自治区 33．Mongolian adj.蒙古人的；蒙古的；蒙古语的 n．蒙古语；蒙古人 重点四单词 1．march vi.& n．行进；前进；示威游行 2．ceremony n．典礼；仪式 3．range n．一系列；范围、界限 vi.包括；(在一定范围内)变化 4．origin n．起源；起因；出身 5．figure n．人物；数字；身材 vt.认为；认定 6．harvest n．收获季节；收获；收成 vi.& vt.收割(庄稼)；捕猎(动物、鱼) 7．crop n．庄稼；作物；一季的收成 8．gather vi.聚集；集合 vt.聚集；搜集；收割 9．feature vt.以……为特色 n．特色；特征；特点 10．church n．(基督教的)教堂；礼拜堂 11．typical adj.典型的；有代表性的；平常的 12．atmosphere n．气氛；氛围；(地球的)大气(层) 13．eve n．前夕；前一天 14．envelope n．信封；塑料封套 15．roast adj.烤的；焙的 vi.& vt.烘烤；焙 16．firework n．烟火；烟花；[pl.]烟花表演 17．inner adj.内部的；里面的；内心的 18．fancy adj.花哨的；精致的；昂贵的 vt.想要；倾慕；自认为是 19．absolutely adv.绝对地；完全地 20．moment n．片刻；瞬间 21．brief adj.简洁的；简单的；短暂的 22．branch n．树枝；分支；支流 23．wedding n．婚礼；结婚庆典 24．clap vt.鼓掌；拍手；击掌 n．鼓掌；拍手；掌声
词汇拓展 1．congratulation n．祝贺；恭喜→congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺；(为成就或成功)感到自豪，感到高兴 2．religion n．宗教；宗教信仰→religious adj.宗教的；笃信宗教的 3．charm n．魅力；迷人的特征；咒语→charming adj.有魅力的；迷人的 4．joy n．高兴；喜悦→joyful adj.高兴的；快乐的→joyfully adv.开心地 5．gratitude n．感激之情；感谢→grateful adj.感激的；表示感谢的 6．agricultural adj.农业(劳动/生产)→agriculture n．农业；农艺 7．decorate vt.装饰；装潢→decoration n．装饰；装潢 8．significant adj.有重大意义的；显著的→significance n．重要性，意义；意思，含义 9．reflect vt.显示；反映；反射→reflection n．倒影；反映；思考 10．belief n．信仰；信心；信任→believe vt.相信→believable adj.可以相信的→unbelievable adj.难以置信的 11．faith n．宗教信仰；信任；相信→faithful adj.忠诚的；虔诚的→faithfully adv.虔诚地 12．occasion n．特别的事情(或仪式、庆典)；(适当的)机会→occasional adj.偶然的，偶尔的→occasionally adv.偶尔；间或 13．pleased adj.高兴的；满意的→pleasant adj.令人愉快的→please vt.使满意；使愉快→pleasure n．愉快；令人高兴的事 14．frank adj.坦率的；直率的→frankly adv.坦率地，直率地 15．represent vt.象征；代表；相当于→representative n．代表 adj.有代表性的 16．respect n．& vt.尊敬；尊重→respectful adj.恭敬的；表示敬意的→respectable adj.可敬的；体面的 17．horrible adj.令人震惊的；恐怖的；极坏的→horror n．畏惧；憎恶；震惊
重点词组 1．dress (sb.) up穿上盛装；装扮 2．after all毕竟；别忘了 3．range from...to...包括从……到……之间 4．fade away逐渐消失；(身体)变得虚弱 5．in spite of不管；尽管 6．take advantage of利用；欺骗；占……的便宜 7．have sth.in common(兴趣、想法等方面)相同；有相同的特征 8．to be frank坦白说；坦率地说 9．go off爆炸；走火；离开 10．except for除……之外 11．set off出发；动身；启程
重点句型 1．However，no matter how different they may seem，all over the world，the spirit of sharing joy，gratitude，love，or peace is common in all festivals. 然而，不论它们看起来多么不同，世界各地分享快乐、感恩、爱或者和平的精神在所有的节日中是一样的。 2．Festivals are becoming more and more commercial，with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations. 因为商家利用庆祝活动，所以节日变得越来越商业化。 3．Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones. 网上的购物网站和社交媒体的应用程序使人们更加容易地花更多的钱为他们所爱的人购买礼物。 4．I heard it is because children are lighter and the horses can run faster and farther. 我听说那是因为孩子们比较轻，马可以跑得更快更远。 5．I’m finally back home now，feeling really tired，but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. 现在我终于回到家了，感到十分疲倦，但是和我的朋友一起欢度“那达慕”大会是完全值得的。
单元必背文章篇
Passage 1
Why do we celebrate festivals
Festivals are celebrated all around the world. They are occasions when people wear traditional costumes, attend the ceremony, decorate houses, express or receive blesses, love , respect , gratitude or congratulations, and so on. Festivals have a wide range of origins, such as the seasons of the year, religions, famous figures and important events.
Of all the traditional festivals, the harvest festival can be found in almost every culture. This agricultural festival takes place after all the crops have been gathered in. People celebrate to show that they are grateful for the year’s supply of food.
Customs play a significant role in festivals but sometimes they can change over time. With the development of modern society and the spread of new ideas, some traditions may fade away and others may be established. With business taking advantage of the celebration, festivals are becoming more and more commercial.
Festivals reflect people’s wishes, beliefs, faiths and attitudes towards life. Studying festivals carefully, you may be surprised to find that different cultures actually have a lot in common after all .
我们为什么庆祝节日？
世界各地都庆祝节日。它们是让人们穿上传统服饰，参加庆典，装饰房子，表达或接受祝福、爱、尊重、感谢或祝贺的时刻。节日的由来五花八门，比如时节、宗教、著名人物和重大事件。
在所有的传统节日中，丰收节几乎可见于每一种文化中。这个农业节是在所有的庄稼都收割完毕后来临的。人们举行庆祝活动，对这一年收获的食物表达感恩。
风俗在节日中扮演着重要的角色，但有时它们会随着时间的推移而改变。随着现代社会的发展和新思想的传播，一些传统可能会消失，而另一些则得以建立。随着商家会利用这些庆祝活动（进行促销）, 节日变得越来越商业化。
节日反映了人们的愿望、信仰、信念和生活态度。如果你仔细研究节日，你可能会惊讶地发现不同的文化其实有很多共同点。
Passage 2
The Naadam Festival
Many people fancy celebrating festivals because they like the joyful atmosphere, which makes everyone pleased.
In China, except for the Han nationality festivals, ethnic minorities also have their own festivals. For example, the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region falls on the fourth day of the sixth month of the lunar calendar, usually lasting for 3 days.
It is represented by three events: horse racing, wrestling and archery. Mongolians wearing fancy Mongolian robes set off every year from near and far to attend the festival. After the opening ceremony and some amazing performances, the wrestling competition began. After it, the competitors sing songs and dance onto the green field , waving their arms in the air as if they were eagles. The moment horse racing begins, you’ll be absolutely surprised to see that the riders are boys and girls, who have been riding horses all their lives. It is why people say “Horses are at the heart of Mongolian culture.”
那达慕大会
许多人喜欢庆祝节日，因为他们喜欢欢乐的气氛，这使每个人都高兴。
在中国，除了汉族的节日外，少数民族也有自己的节日。例如，中国内蒙古自治区的那达慕节，每年农历六月四日开始，通常持续三天。
它主要有三个代表项目:赛马、摔跤和射箭。每年，穿着华丽的蒙古长袍的蒙古人都会从四面八方赶来参加这个节日。在开幕式和一些精彩的表演之后，摔跤比赛开始了。比赛结束后，选手们在绿色的场地上唱歌跳舞，挥舞着他们的手臂，好像他们是老鹰。赛马开始的那一刻，你肯定会惊讶地发现，骑手们都是男孩和女孩，他们一生都在骑马。这就是为什么人们说“马是蒙古文化的核心”。
三、单元必背写作素材篇
通知
必备词汇
attention n.注意，留心
announcement n.通知
decide v.决定
hope v.希望
mind v.介意
hold v.举办
activity n.活动
spend v.度过，花（时间）
introduce v.介绍
party n.聚会
celebrate v.庆祝
pay a visit to 参观；看望
in memory of 纪念
make up one's mind to...下决心· ......
高分句式
闪亮篇首句
①There will be a talk（或者speech contest） this afternoon.
今天下午将有一场讨论会(演讲比赛)。
②The Student Union has decided that ...
学生会已决定……
③We shall have a lecture on ...
我们将举行关于……的研讨会。
④It has been decided that we'll pay a visit to ...
已经决定我们将参观……
May I have your attention,please 请注意啦！
Attention please. I have an announcement to make.请大家注意，我有一个通知要宣读。
I have something important/new/bad/interesting to tell you.我有重要的／新的／不好的／有趣的消息要告诉你们。
I have the honor of announcing that...我很荣幸地通知大家······
出彩篇中句
We are having a(n)...about...我们将有一个关于······的····.·
There is going to be an important talk on the playground at 14:30 on
May20.5月20日下午2:30在操场上将有一场重要的讲座。
To celebrate...,a(n)...will be held.为庆祝·····.,将举行·····
We will pay a visit to...我们将会参观······
Do not forget to take... because we will...不要忘记带着···..·,因为我们要······图解
The expert will give a talk on...专家会就······话题进行演讲。
Mr.Brown will give us a talk about/on how to improve our strength.布朗先生将就如何提高我们的体能作一个报告。
精彩篇尾句
①Please attend it on time and don't be late.
请按时到场，不要迟到。
②I hope you can have a good time.
我希望你们玩得开心。
③Everyone is welcome to attend/take part in it.
欢迎所有人参加。
④That's all.Thank you.
就这些，谢谢。
Do be present on time!请务必按时参加！
I hope you can take an active part in...我希望你（们）能积极参与······
That's all. Thanks for your attention.就是这些，感谢倾听。
四、单元必背语法篇
Grammar　动词-ing形式作定语和表语
语法点拨
动词-ing由“动词原形＋-ing”构成。动词-ing形式可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语，但不能单独作谓语。
Ⅰ．动词-ing形式作定语
1．位置：单个动词-ing形式作定语，常放在被修饰词前作前置定语；动词-ing形式短语作定语，常放在被修饰词后作后置定语。
2．形式：动词-ing形式作定语(以do为例)有doing、形容词化的doing和being done三种形式。具体用法如下：
(1)doing作定语
①doing作定语，do与被修饰词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示正在进行的或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的主动动作。例如：
boiling water开水
a barking dog狂吠的狗
a developing country一个发展中国家
Don’t wake up the sleeping child.
不要吵醒那个正在睡觉的孩子。
Phoebe received an e-mail the other day saying her uncle was coming to visit her.
菲比前几天收到一封电子邮件，说她叔叔要来看她。
②doing作定语，还可表示被修饰词的用途或属性，常在句中作前置定语。例如：
a fishing net(＝a net for fishing)渔网
a walking stick(＝a stick for walking)拐棍
a reading room(＝a room for reading)阅览室
a living room(＝a room for living)起居室，客厅
a writing desk(＝a desk for writing)书桌
She trained five times a week at her local swimming pool.
她每周在当地的游泳池训练五次。
No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.
阅览室里任何人不得大声说话。
(2)形容词化的doing形式作定语，相当于形容词，表示中心词的性质，意为“令人……的”；形容词化的done形式作定语，常表示“感到……的”。试比较：
an exciting story令人兴奋的故事
an excited voice兴奋的声音
a puzzling question令人困惑的问题
a puzzled expression困惑的表情
(3)being done作定语
do与被修饰词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，表示正在进行的被动动作。
The house being built here belongs to John.
这里正在建的那所房子是约翰的。
The meeting being held now is so important that no one is absent.
现在正在召开的会议很重要，所以没有人缺席。
3．扩展成句：动词-ing形式短语作后置定语时可以扩展成定语从句。
The man talking with our headmaster is Tom’s father.
(＝The man who is talking with our headmaster is Tom’s father.)
正和我们校长谈话的那个人是汤姆的父亲。
名师点津
1．表示感情的动词-ing形式作定语时，表示“令人……的”，此类动词-ed形式作定语时，表示“感到……的”。
2．动词-ing形式作定语如果与被修饰的词之间是被动关系，且强调动作正在进行就用动词-ing形式的被动式，即being done的形式。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①When we got a call __saying__ (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.
【答案】句意：当我们接到电话说她被列入候选名单时，我们以为这是个玩笑。分析句子结构可知，“__ __(say) she was short-listed”作call的定语，call和say之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用动词-ing形式。
②The park was full of people, __enjoying__(enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.
【答案】句意：公园里有很多人，他们在阳光下玩得很开心。分析句子结构可知，“__ __(enjoy) themselves in the sunshine”作people的定语，people和enjoy之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用动词-ing形式，表示正在进行的动作。
③(四川高考改编)A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those __wanting__(want) a good night’s sleep.
【答案】句意：对于那些想睡一夜好觉的人来说，睡前喝一杯热牛奶一直是最佳选择。分析句子结构可知，“__ __(want) a good night’s sleep”作those的定语，those和want之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用动词-ing形式。
句型转换
④The taxi that took us to the airport broke down.
→The taxi __ __ us to the airport broke down.
⑤The problem that is being discussed is about food safety.
→The problem __ _ is about food safety.
⑥The student stayed in the room used for reading for an hour.
→The student stayed _ __ for an hour.
⑦That was an experience that frightened everyone.
→That was __ _.
【答案】4.taking5.being discussed6.in the reading room7.a frightening experience
Ⅱ．动词-ing形式作表语
1．动词-ing形式作表语有时相当于名词，用于说明主语的内容，即主语等同于表语，两者可互换。
My favorite sport is swimming while my sister’s is playing tennis.
我最喜欢的运动是游泳，而我姐姐最喜欢的运动是打网球。
My full-time job is teaching English, which means I make a living by teaching.
我的全职工作是教英语，这意味着我以教书为生。
2．动词-ing形式作表语有时相当于形容词，用于说明主语的特征，意为“令人……的”；动词-ed形式作表语有时相当于形容词，表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到……的”。
The news was so exciting that we were excited at the news.
这个消息太令人兴奋了，我们听到这个消息都很兴奋。
The snake looked quite frightening and the lady let out a cry of scream at the sight of it.
那条蛇看起来很吓人，那位女士一看到它就发出一声尖叫。
They are satisfied with their present job.
他们对现在的工作很满意。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①It is (amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.
②Buying a car is simply (waste) money.
③Please stop making the noise—it’s getting (annoy)．
完成句子
④Our job is .
我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐。
【答案】1.amazing2.wasting3.annoying4.playing all kinds of music