（人教版2019）高考英语 一轮复习夯实基础必背知识清单 专题02.必修第3册　Unit2 Morals and Virtues

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
一轮复习夯实基础必背知识清单
专题01.必修第3册　Unit2 Morals and Virtues
一、单元必背词汇篇
重点词汇 阅读单词 1．moral adj.道德的；道义上的 n．品行；道德；寓意 2．dilemma n．进退两难的境地；困境 3．illustrate vt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图 4．entrust vt.委托；交付 5．tuition n．(小组)教学；讲课 6．physician n．医师；(尤指)内科医生 7．kindergarten n．学前班；幼儿园 8．principle n．道德原则；法则；原则 9．passive adj.被动的；顺从的 10．insurance n．保险；保险业 11．import n．进口；进口商品 vt.进口；输入；引进 12．export n．出口；出口商品 vt.出口；输出；传播 13．pole n．(行星的)极；地极 14．lap n．(坐着时的)大腿部；(跑道等的)一圈 15．café n．咖啡馆；小餐馆 16．pregnant adj.怀孕的；妊娠的 17．disguise vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖 n．伪装；化装用具 18．maple n．枫树；槭树 19．cart n．手推车；运货马车 20．limp vi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走 21．might n．力量；威力 22．fable n．寓言；寓言故事 重点单词 1．virtue n．高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质 2．faint vi.昏倒；晕厥 adj.不清楚的；微弱的 3．precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的 4．fee n．专业服务费；报酬 5．union n．协会；联合会；工会 6．hire vt.聘任；雇用；租用 n．租借；租用 7．colleague n．同事；同僚 8．clinic n．诊所；门诊部 9．faraway adj.遥远的 10．decade n．十年；十年期 11．elsewhere adv.在别处；去别处 12．publish vt.发表(作品)；出版 13．staff n．员工；全体职员 14．saving n．节省物；节省；节约；[pl.]储蓄金；存款 15．sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的 16．replace vt.接替；取代；更换 17．whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语 n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传 18．midnight n．子夜；午夜 19．bite vt.& vi.(bit，bitten)咬；叮；蜇 n．咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤 20．lip n．嘴唇 21．chain n．一连串(人或事)；链子；链条 22．waitress n．(餐馆的)女服务员；女侍者 23．spill vt.& vi.(spilt/spilled，spilt/spilled)(使)洒出；(使)溢出 24．court n．(网球等的)球场；法院；法庭 25．flexible adj.灵活的；可变通的 26．income n．收入；收益 27．per prep.每；每一 28．therefore adv.因此；所以 29．tension n．紧张关系；紧张；焦虑
词汇拓展 1．marriage n．结婚；婚姻→marry vt.(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶 2．majority n．大部分；大多数→major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n．主修课程 3．complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚→complaint n．抱怨；投诉 4．respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应→response n．反应；回答；回复 5．scholarship n．奖学金→scholar n．学者 6．reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用→rejection n．拒绝接受；否决 7．appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．约会；任命；委任→appointed adj.约定的；指定的 8．elect vt.选举；推选→election n．选举；推选；当选 9．scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓→scary adj.令人恐惧的 10．energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的→energy n．精力；活力；能量 11．accident n．事故；车祸；失事→accidental adj.意外的；偶然的→accidentally adv.偶然地 12．operation n．手术；企业；经营→operate vt.& vi.做手术； 经营；操作；运转 13．assist vt.帮助；援助→assistant n．助理；助手→assistance n．帮助；援助 14．harm n．& vt.伤害；损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmfully adv.有害地→harmless adj.无害的
重点词组 1．carry sb.through sth.帮助某人渡过难关 2．tuition fees学费 3．tend to do sth.易于做某事；往往会发生某事 4．first aid急救 5．pass away去世 6．in memory of作为对……的纪念 7．trip over被……绊倒 8．in tears流着泪；含着泪 9．in despair处于绝望中 10．a great deal (of)大量
重点句型 1．To a person nothing is more precious than their life，... 对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了，…… 2．Thinking of all the people still in need of help，Dr Lin opened a private clinic. 想到所有仍需要帮助的人，林医生开了一家私人诊所。 3．At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care. 有时人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴到遥远的村庄给人看病。 4．Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems. 如果一个国家的臣民只是抱怨，指望别人来解决他们的问题，那么就不会有好的事情发生在这个国家。 5．Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road. 她和她的朋友们都没有想到把石头从路上挪走。
单元必背文章篇
Passage 1
Mother of Ten Thousand Babies
To a person nothing is more precious than their life, which carried Lin Qiaozhi through a life of hard choices. She didn’t follow the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls, which caused her brother to complain, thinking of the high tuition fees. But she responded, “I’d rather stay single to study all my life!” Shortly after getting the Wenhai Scholarship, she was hired as a resident physician. After that she rejected the invitation to stay in the US from her American colleagues. Over the next several decades, she held many important positions. However, her heart was elsewhere. She was more interested in tending patients, publishing medical researches and training the next generation of doctor staff in her department. Dr Lin didn’t retire until she died and left her savings to a kindergarten and a fund for new doctors.
对一个人来说，生命是最宝贵的，这支撑着林巧稚走过充满艰难抉择的一生。她没有像大多数女孩那样走上婚姻这一传统道路，使得他哥哥一想到高昂的学费就抱怨着。但她回应：“我宁愿一辈子不嫁人也要学医！”在她获得“文海”奖学金后不久，她被聘为住院医师。在那以后，她谢绝美国同行要她留在美国的邀请。在随后的几十年间，她担任许多重要职位。然而，她的心却在别处。她更感兴趣的是治病救人、发表医学研究成果、培养同科室的下一代医务人员。林医生去世前都没有退休，还把积蓄捐给了一家幼儿园和一项新医生基金。
Passage 2
The Stone in The Road
Once upon a time, a king disguised himself,placed a large stone on the street and hid behind a maple tree and watched.Immediately, a milkman crashed into the stone,spilling the milk everywhere and going away angrily. After a while, a woman tripped over the stone and limped away in tears. Those scenes made the king in despair, so he wondered if anyone was willing to keep others from harm. To the king' s delight, a young girl moved away the stone with all her might as well as a great deal of effort. As a result, the king awarded her with the gold coins.
从前有个国王乔装打扮一番后放一块大石头在路中间，然后躲在枫树后观察。很快，一个送奶工撞上石头，把牛奶泼得到处都是，只能气呼呼地走了。过了一会儿，一个女人被石头绊倒后含着泪一瘸一拐地走了。这些场景让国王很绝望，所以他想知道是否有人愿意让他人免遭不测。然而令国王高兴的是，一个年轻的姑娘使出全身力气并费了好大一番功夫，才搬走了石头。结果，国王奖励她那些金币。
三、单元必背写作素材篇
观点议论文
1.高分句式
01开头
1.Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic. 最近，这一现象成为了一个热门话题。
2.Recently the problem has been brought into focus. 最近，这个问题引发了关注。
3.Nowadays there is a growing concern over … 现在，人们越来越关注……
4.What calls for special attention is that … 引起特殊关注的是……
5.It is common knowledge that …/It is well-known that … 众所周知……
6.Many nations have been faced with the problem of … 很多国家都面临这……的问题。
7.According to a recent survey … 根据最近的研究……
8.With the rapid development of … 随着……的快速发展。
02结尾
1.From what has been discussed / mentioned above, we may conclude that … 综上所述，我们可以得出……的结论。
2.Therefore, it is not difficult to draw / come to the conclusion that … 因此，不难得出……的结论。
3.As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. 就我而言，某种程度上我赞同后一种观点。
4.From all the reasons / consideration above, it is clear / obvious that … 综上所述，很明显，……
5.Taking into account all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that … 综合考虑所有这些因素，我们可以得出……的结论。
6.Given the reasons / consideration I have just outlined / discussed / presented, I strongly recommend that … 鉴于我刚刚所说的，我非常赞成……
7.All in all, what really matters is … 总之，真正关键的在于……
8.It is essential that effective measures be taken to … 采取……的有效措施，非常有必要。
9.From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably draw the conclusion that … 综上所述，我们可以非常合理地得出……的结论。
10.As a result, we should take some effective steps to … 总之，我们应该采取有效措施来……
11.Judging by the figures / statistics, it is not difficult to see that … 根据这些图表（数据），不难看出……
03表反驳
1.It is true that …, but one vital point is being left out. ……是对的，但一个重要的地方被忽视了。
2.There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact. 这些证据（报告）中确实有部分真相，但他们忽略了一个重要事实。
3.Some people say …, but it does not hold water. 有人说……，但这站不住脚。
4.Many of us have been under the illusion that … 很多人都错误地认为……
5.A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is. 仔细看看就知道这说法有多可笑。
6.It makes no sense to argue for … 为……争论是没有意义的。
7.Too much stress placed on … may lead to … 过于关注……，会导致……（的错误判断）。
8.Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that … 这种报告主要是基于……的假设。
9.Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that … 和普遍的观念不同，我坚持……的观点。
10.The idea is hardly supported by facts. 这种观点很难用事实来支撑。
11.Unfortunately, none of the available data shows … 很不幸，没有有效数据可以证明……
04表证明
1.No one can deny that fact that … 没人可以否认……的事实。
2.Recent studies indicate that … 最近的研究表明……
3.There is sufficient evidence to show that … 有充足的证据表明……
4.According to statistics proved by …, it can be seen that … 根据……的数据，可以发现……
05表原因
1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation / contribute to (lead to)(account for) the phenomenon (problem). 一系列因素导致了这个现象（问题）。
2.The answer to this problem involves many factors. 很多原因可以解释这个问题。
3.The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that … 这个现象主要源自……的事实。
4.The factors that contribute to this situation include … 导致这个现象的原因包括……
5.The change in … largely results from the fact that … ……的改变主要是因为……的事实。
6.Part of the explanations for it is that … 部分原因是因为……
7.One of the most common factors (causes) is that … 最普遍的原因之一是……
8.Another contributing factor (cause) is … 另一个原因是……
9.Perhaps the primary factor is that … 一个可能的主要因素是……
10.But the fundamental cause is that … 但最基本的原因是……
四、单元必背语法篇
Grammar　动词-ing形式作宾补和状语
一．作宾补
动词-ing形式置于某些及物动词和宾语之后，补充说明宾语的动作或状态。
1.在感官动词后作宾语补足语
在see，hear，feel，watch，notice等感官动词后，表示一个正在进行的主动的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。
In the crowded cafe, I heard a friendly voice saying, “You can share my table.”
He saw a girl wandering on the street this time yesterday.
注意：
see/ hear /watch/ feel/ notice+sb./ sth.+doing sth.强调动作正在进行；
see/ hear/ watch/ feel/ notice+sb./ sth.+do sth.强调动作发生的全过程/全过程已经结束了。
Today on my way home, I saw a man running along the street hurriedly.
I saw him enter the room and take something away.
2.在使役动词宾补结构中的使用使役动词接现在分词作宾语补足语，表示“让……一直做某事”
It’s cold. We should have the fire burning all the time.
I won’t have you running about in the room.
注意：
1) have/ get+sb./ sth.+done包括两层意思：
①让别人去做某事。②（主语）遭受到（意外的损失或不幸）。
have +宾语+do sth. 意思是“让某人去干某事”。
1. Mother has me go to the shop to buy some fruit.
2. He had/ got his computer stolen the other day.
3. He will have/ get the computer repaired tomorrow.
2) leave/ keep +sb./ sth. done sth.（使……处于/保持某种状态）
Many teachers keep parents informed of children’s performance in the kindergarten by sharing videos on WeChat.
3. 现在分词在with复合结构中的使用
在with复合结构中，现在分词充当宾语补足语，表动作“正在进行”。
Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace
注意：
在with的复合结构中, 也可以使用不定式和过去分词作宾语补足语。
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked（表被动）.
I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash（表将来）.
二．作状语
动词-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。
1.表示时间。
Hearing these stories, I’m skeptical about the place.
= When I heard these stories…
2.表示原因。
Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him.
= Because/Since/As I don’t know his address…
3. 表示结果。
His father died, leaving him a lot of money.
=…, and left him a lot of money
4.表示条件。
Going straight down the road, you will find the department store.
= If you go straight down the road…
5.表示让步。
Being tired, they went on working.
=Although they were tired…
6.表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明。
He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.
=…, and stared at the sky for a long time.
注意：
非谓语动词作状语时，如所提供的动词不能和句子中的主语保持一致，动词-ing形式必须有自己的逻辑主语，通常由名词或代词来担任，这就是独立主格结构。
The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.
（having gone的逻辑主语是the last bus，而不是we）
Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday.
（permitting的逻辑主语是weather，而不是the football match）