（人教版2019）高考英语 一轮复习夯实基础必背知识清单 专题04. 选择性必修第1册　Unit4 Body Language

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
一轮复习夯实基础必背知识清单
专题04.选择性必修第1册　Unit4 Body Language
一、单元必背词汇篇
重点词汇 阅读单词 1．gesture n．手势；姿势；姿态 2．fake adj.假装的；假的；冒充的 3．nonverbal adj.不涉及言语的；非言语的 4．slump vi.垂头弯腰地走(或坐等) 5．tick vt.给(试卷、问题等)打钩号vi.(钟表)发出嘀嗒声n.钩号 6．chin n．下巴 7．demonstrate vt.表现；表达；说明；证明 8．identical adj.相同的 9．interpret vt.把……理解(解释)为 vi.& vt.口译 10．waist n．腰；腰部 11．trial n．& v．审讯；审判；试验；试用 12．internal adj.内部的；里面的 13．pose n．故作姿态；(为画像、拍照等摆的)姿势 vi.摆好姿势 vt.造成(威胁、问题等) 14．reveal vt.揭示；显示；露出 15．chest n．胸部；胸膛 16．ultimately adv.最终；最后 17．component n．组成部分；零件 18．tone n．语气；腔调；口吻 19．distract vt.分散(注意力)；使分心 20．intervene vi.干预；介入 重点单词 1．appropriate adj.合适的；恰当的 2．witness vt.当场看到；目击；见证 n．目击者；证人 3．cheek n．面颊；脸颊 4．bow vi.鞠躬；点头 vt.低(头) 5．barrier n．隔阂；障碍 6．incident n．发生的事情；严重事件；冲突 7．twin adj.双胞胎之一的；孪生之一的 n．孪生之一；双胞胎之一 8．bend vt.& vi.(bent，bent)(使)弯曲；倾斜；偏向 9．clarify vt.使更清晰易懂；阐明；澄清 10．tendency n．趋势；倾向 11．lower vt.把……放低；降低；减少 adj.下面的；下方的；较小的 12．imply vt.意味着；暗示 13．stare vi.盯着看；凝视 n．凝视 14．ceiling n．天花板；上限 15．perceive vt.察觉；看待；理解 16．merely adv.只是；仅仅；只不过 17．bother vi.& vt.费心；麻烦；因……操心 n．麻烦；不便 18．weep vi.& vt.哭泣；流泪 19．conflict n．矛盾；冲突 vi.冲突；抵触 20．inquire/enquire vi.& vt.询问；打听
词汇拓展 1．interaction n．交流；相互影响→interact vi.相互交流；相互影响 2．vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变→various adj.不同的；各种各样的→variety n．多样性；变化；种类 3．approve vi.赞成；同意vt.批准；通过→approval n．赞成；同意；批准→approving adj.赞许的；赞成的 4．employ vt.使用；应用；雇用→employee n．雇员；受雇者→employer n．雇主；雇用者→employment n．雇用；聘用 5．differ vi.相异；不同于→different adj.不同的；有差异的→difference n．差别；差异 6．favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于 n．帮助；恩惠；赞同→favorable adj.赞成的；有利的 7．anger n．愤怒；怒气vt.使生气；激怒→angry adj.生气的；愤怒的→angrily adv.生气地；愤怒地 8．reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的→rely vi.依赖；信赖 9．slight adj.轻微的；略微的；细小的→slightly adv.略微；稍微 10．assess vt.评估；评价→assessment n．评价；评定 11．educator n．教师；教育工作者；教育家→educate vt.教育→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的→education n．教育 12．barely adv.几乎不；勉强才能；刚刚→bare adj.赤裸的；光秃秃的；空的 13．occupy vt.占据；占用→occupied adj.有人使用的；忙于……的；被占领的→occupation n．占领；职业 14．distinguish vi.& vt.区分；辨别→distinguished adj.卓越的；杰出的 15．anxiety n．焦虑；担心；害怕→anxious adj.忧虑的；焦虑的；渴望的 16．embarrassed adj.难堪的；尴尬的→embarrassing adj.使人难堪的；令人尴尬的→embarrass vt.使窘迫；使尴尬 17．ashamed adj.羞愧；惭愧→shame n．羞耻；羞愧；遗憾的事→shameful adj.可耻的→shameless adj.无耻的；没廉耻的 18．adjust vt.调整；调节vi.& vt.适应；(使)习惯→adjustable adj.可调整的；可调节的→adjustment n．调整；调节；适应 19．react vi.(对……)起反应；回应；(对食物等)有不良反应→reaction n．反应；作用
重点词组 1．by contrast相比之下 2．by comparison(与……)相比较 3．make inferences推理；推断 4．break down消除；分解；打破 5．straighten up直起来；整理；收拾整齐 6．in other words换句话说；也就是说 7．call on(短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请 8．at work有某种影响；在工作
重点句型 1．A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.A smile can break down barriers. 微笑能够帮助我们度过困境，并在满是陌生人的世界里找到朋友。微笑可以消除隔阂。 2．And if we are feeling down or lonely，there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend. 如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，最美好的事情就是看到好朋友的笑脸。 3．Of course，not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class. 当然，并不是每个抬头的人都专注于课堂。 4．With their chins on their hands，they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling. 他们用手托着下巴，非常专注地盯着窗外或上面的天花板。
单元必背文章篇
Passage 1
We use both words and body language to express ourselves in our interactions with other people.
Body language varies from culture to culture. The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you're in. Eye contact is not always approved of. In Japan ，it may demonstrate respect to look down when looking to an older person .Gesture for OK has different meanings in different cultures. Japanese who witness another person employing the gesture might think it means money. By comparison, in France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret as meaning zero.
Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world. In France and Russia, people may kiss their friends on the cheek when they meet. Elsewhere people favor shaking hands, bowing from the waist or nodding the head when meeting someone else.
Some body languages have many different uses. A smile not only can break down barriers, but help us get through difficult situations.
在与他人交流时，我们既可用言语也通过身体语来表达我们的想法。
身体语因文化而异。眼神交流并不总是被认可。在日本和年长的人讲话时，目光向下以表示尊敬。OK，这个手势在不同的文化中有不同的含义。在日本。如果看到另一个人用这个手势，可能认为这意味着钱。在法国，看到同一个手势的人可能会将其解读为零。
甚至我们用来表示是与不是的手势在世界各地也不同。在法国和俄罗斯，人们和朋友见面时，可能会亲吻他们的脸颊，在其他地方，人们见面时更喜欢握手，鞠躬或者点头。
有些身体语言有许多不同的用途。笑不仅可以打破障碍，而且可以帮助我们渡过难关。
Passage 2
How do I know my students
As an educator, I know what makes students tick by looking at their body language.
People have a tendency to lean towards whatever they're interested in, If a student has his head lowered to look at his watch, it implies he is bored. With their chins on their hands, daydreaming, some students barely occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling.
While it is easy to perceive when students are interested , bored or distracted, it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled. Students experiencing anxiety may have their arms cross in front of their chests . Students who are embarrassed or ashamed may hide their faces in their hands .However, if a student does not bother to brush her hair and her eyes are red from weeping, maybe she is having conflicts with other students. I need to inquire what is going on.
Ultimately, reacting to body language informs me that when to adjust class activities is an important component of being a teacher.

我如何了解我的学生
作为一名教育工作者，我通过看学生们的肢体语言来了解他们的特点.
人们有一种倾向，就是对任何他们感兴趣的东西都会往前靠。如果一个学生低着头看表，就意味着他很无聊。一些学生用手托着下巴做着白日梦，通过盯着窗外或天花板来充实自己。.
虽然很容易察觉到学生什么时候感兴趣，无聊或心不在焉，但有时要区分学生什么时候有烦恼就难多了。学生们感到尴尬和羞愧时，他们会用手掩面。但如果一个学生不屑于梳理自己头发，而且眼睛哭的通红，那么他与其他同学发生了矛盾。我需要询问发生了什么。
最终，对肢体语言做出反应是作为一名教师的重要组成部分，肢体语言让我知道什么时候调整课堂活动。
三、单元必背写作素材篇
读后续写精彩结尾画面定格——结尾留白和首尾呼应
结尾留白，又叫做结尾留白，在写作中的作用就是留下让读者思考参与情景的空间，是一种加深主题的手法，给了想象空间又在前文中有所提示。
例文1. 结尾句让读者想象主人公结束了伤心岁月之后的情境。
While she wrapped them, I took a deep breath and asked Joy, “Do you have dinner plans ” I explained that I’d like to wait a bit before I went back to the hospital – to give Grace and her husband some time alone with baby. “Would you be interested in joining me in a bite to eat ” I asked. “I’d love to,” she replied, her eyes sparkling like diamonds. And, this was the beginning of the end to my months of heartbreak following Betsy’s death.当她把它们包起来的时候，我深吸了一口气，问 Joy：“你晚餐有安排吗 ”我解释说我想等一会儿再回医院——让Grace 和她丈夫有时间单独和孩子在一起。“你有兴趣和我一起吃点东西吗 ”我问。“我很乐意，”她回答，她的眼睛像钻石一样闪闪发光。而且，这是我在 Betsy 死后几个月心碎的结束的开始。
例文2. 结尾句引领读者想象乞丐得到珍珠后的所想、所为。
The beggar hesitated for a moment, then he decided to open it. He declared aloud, “Who cares He wanted me to have it anyway. I might as well enjoy it now.” With that, he unwrapped the white tissue paper, but to his surprise, there was no hard rock candy inside. Instead, into his fingers fell a shiny white pearl worth thousands of dollars.
乞丐犹豫了一会儿，然后决定打开它。他大声宣布: “谁在乎呢？不管怎样，他还是想让我拥有它。我还不如现在就享受呢。”说着，他打开了白色的纸巾，但令他惊讶的是，里面没有硬糖。相反，一颗价值数千美元的闪亮的白珍珠掉进了他的手指里。
Part V：首尾呼应
01. 开头：I had an interesting childhood. It was filled with suprises and amusements, all because of my mother--loving, sweet, yet absent-minded and forgetful. One strange faimly trip we took when I was eleven tells a lot about her.
结尾：Despite mom's being absent-minded and forgetful, she was still a kind and nice mom. 尽管妈妈总是心不在焉，健忘，但她仍然是一个和蔼可亲的妈妈。（2017年浙江高考题）
02. 开头：It was summer and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before. He decided to take me on a trip to the Wild West.
结尾：Never had I had such a thrilling yet dangerous vacation before. The special trip to the Wild West was deeply engraved in my mind. 我从来没有过这么刺激又危险的假期。那次去西部的特别旅行，深深地印在我的脑海里。（2018年浙江高考题 ）
03. 开头：A funny thing happened to Arthur when he was on the way to work one day.
结尾：What a funny day. Arthur couldn't stop laughing whenever he looked back on this hilarious experience. 多么有趣的一天啊，每当亚瑟回想起这次欢乐的经历，他就忍不住笑个不停。（2016年浙江高考题 ）
04. 原文结尾：
A few minutes later, the helicopter arrived. As we were lifted into the air, we saw the stubborn bear was already heading back to our camp. When Elli and I got home and developed our pictures, we noticed this bear had broken an important tooth. Like humans, polar bears feel pain, have emotions, and can be afraid. Elli and I learned our lesson: beware of a bear with a toothache. （2020年浙江高考卷）
四、单元必背语法篇
Grammar　动词 ing形式作宾语和表语
一、动词 ing形式作宾语
1．作动词的宾语
接动词 ing形式作宾语的常用动词(短语)有：
avoid，miss，delay/put off避免错过少延期
advise，finish，practise建议完成多练习
enjoy，imagine，can't help喜欢想象禁不住
admit，deny，envy承认否定与嫉妒
escape，risk，excuse逃避冒险莫原谅
stand，keep，mind忍受保持不介意
He admitted referring to his notes in the exam.
他承认在考试中查阅了笔记。
She can't stand being looked down upon in public.
她忍受不了在公众场合被人看不起的感觉。
Would you mind opening the window
你介意打开窗子吗？
He tried to avoid answering my questions.
他试图对我的问题避而不答。
2．作介词的宾语
在下面的短语中，常用动词 ing形式作介词的宾语： be good at，dream of，care about，be concerned about，be interested in，feel like，insist on，think of，aim at，set about，be used to习惯于；get down to开始做；lead to导致；devote oneself to献身于……；look forward to期待；stick to坚持；pay attention to注意。
I dream of sailing around the world and leading a happy life.
我梦想着环游世界，过上幸福的生活。
He insisted on doing it in his own way.
他坚持要按照自己的方法做。
I'm looking forward to your coming next time.
我期待着你下一次的到来。
Because of the bad weather，they have to give up going out for a picnic tomorrow.
因为天气不好，他们不得不放弃明天的外出野餐。
3．在以下结构中，动词 ing形式作介词的宾语，介词常省略。
spend...(in)doing花费……做某事
have difficulty/trouble (in)doing...做……有困难/麻烦
stop/prevent...(from)doing阻止……做某事
waste time (in)doing浪费时间做某事
be busy (in)doing忙于做某事
have a good/hard time (in)doing高兴做某事/费了很大劲做某事
There is no point (in)doing做某事毫无意义
He is always busy working every day，which has made him have little time to play with his child.
他每天总是忙于工作，这使他很少有时间和孩子一起玩。
There is no point giving him such a good chance.
给他提供这样一个好机会没有意义。
[即学即练1]——单句语法填空
①I'm looking forward to (hear)from you.
②He devotes himself to (look)into the matter.
③She likes spending much money (buy)clothes for herself.
4．动词 ing形式作宾语时的几个特殊情况
(1)动词 ing的复合结构。
＋动词 ing
Would you mind my/me eating the cake
你介意我吃这块蛋糕吗？
Would you mind Mary's/Mary driving the bike
你介意玛丽骑自行车吗？
[名师点津]
动词 ing的复合结构的否定形式为：形容词性物主代词/代词(宾格)/名词(宾格)/名词's所有格＋not doing...。
(2)某些动词及动词短语后面既可以用不定式也可以用动词 ing作宾语。
①动词begin，start，continue等词后既可跟不定式，又可跟动词 ing作宾语，意义基本相同。
They continued discussing/to discuss the plan after having a rest.
休息了一会后，他们继续讨论这项计划。
②动词love，like，hate等后可跟动词 ing和不定式作宾语，但接动词 ing表示经常性的情况，接不定式表示具体的动作。
I love walking with my friend on a sunny day.(习惯)我喜欢和朋友在一个阳光明媚的日子里散步。
It is a pleasant day today，so I love to have a walk with my friend.(具体)
今天是个令人愉快的日子，所以我想和朋友一起散散步。
③一些动词后既可跟动词 ing作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语，但意义有很大差别。
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘记他已经关了灯。
The light in the office is still on.He forgot to turn it off.
办公室的灯还亮着。他忘记关了。
[名师点津]
对比记忆作宾语的动词含义
They stopped to have a look at the fantastic scenery.
他们停下来，看了看这美妙绝伦的风景。
They stopped working and had a rest.
他们停止工作，休息了一下。
(3)用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词 ing形式。
其结构如下：
主语＋＋it＋＋doing...
I found it useless/no use arguing about it.
我发现争论这件事没有用。
Do you consider it any good trying again
你觉得再试会有用吗？
(4)在动词need，require，want，deserve后，用动词 ing形式表示被动含义，即need/require/want/deserve doing＝need/require/want/deserve to be done。
These clothes need washing．＝These clothes need to be washed．
这些衣服需要洗。
The house requires repairing．＝The house requires to be repaired．
这座房子需要修理。
(5)在(be)worth后面只能用动词 ing形式来表示被动含义。
The film is worth seeing a second time.
这部电影值得再看一次。
[即学即练2]——单句语法填空
①I remember (see)her before，but I can't remember when it was.
②You must remember (tell)Jackson the news tonight.
③I didn't mean (visit)him yesterday afternoon.
④Giving up your plan means (lose)a large amount of money.
⑤All of us stopped (talk)when we saw our teacher come in.
⑥She felt thirsty, so she stopped (get)a drink of water.
【答案】1.seeing 2. to tell3. to visit4.losing 5.talking 6.to get
二、动词 ing形式作表语
1．动名词用作表语
Her job is checking letter of credit and terms of contract．
她的工作是核对信用证和合同款。
That is not playing the game．
这样做就不公平了。
This was really carrying matters a little too far．
这事做得真有点太过分了。
[名师点津]
(1)不要把作表语用的动名词和现在进行时态混淆。
动名词说明主语的情况或性质，其内容在逻辑上等于主语的内容；
现在分词说明动作是由主语完成的(即表示主语正在进行的动作)。
His job is cleaning the classroom.(动名词短语作表语)
他的工作就是打扫教室。
He is cleaning the classroom.(谓语，现在进行时)
他正在打扫教室。
(2)动名词(短语)和不定式(短语)都能用作主语或表语，两者的区别是：
表示比较抽象、一般的行为，不跟特定的动作执行者联系在一起时，多用动名词(短语)；
表示具体某次行为、特别是将来的行为，往往跟特定的动作执行者联系在一起时，多用不定式。
但在多数情况下，两者差别不太大，可以互用。试比较：
Our job is building houses.(经常性的一般行为)
我们的工作是盖房子。
Our main task now is to build this house.(特定的具体某次行为)
我们现在的主要任务是盖这间房子。
[即学即练3]——单句语法填空
①One of the good exercises is (swim).
②The real problem is (get)to know the needs of the customers.
③The important thing now is (save)lives.
【答案】1.swimming2.getting3.to save
2．现在分词用作表语
现在分词作表语，总是跟在系动词之后，构成复合谓语。现在分词作表语，表示主语所具有的特征。
许多作表语的现在分词几乎已经形容词化，可以用副词修饰，也可以有比较级形式。这类常见的现在分词有amazing, amusing, annoying, astonishing, boring, charming等。
The development of our aviation industry is quite encouraging．
我们的航空工业的发展是非常令人鼓舞的。
A few pages are wanting．
有几处缺页。
The whole damned day had been humiliating．
这一整天可坏透了，令人丢脸。
[名师点津]
(1)现在分词作表语时，系动词除be外还有appear, sound, look, become, come, get, go, grow, keep, remain, seem等。
What he says sounds more convincing．
他说的话听起来更有说服力。
The European scene began to look threatening again.
欧洲局势再度出现危险。
(2)现在分词作表语用时，相当于形容词，表示性质或状态；进行时态中的分词是谓语动词的组成部分，表示具体的动作，两者不可混淆。
The present situation is encouraging．(表语)
目前的形势是令人鼓舞的。
The present situation is encouraging us to stride forward in production.(现在进行时)
目前的形势正在鼓舞我们在生产上迈步前进。
The problem is quite pressing．(表语)
问题很紧迫。
She is pressing the button.(现在进行时)
她正在按电钮。
[即学即练4]——单句语法填空
①The situation both at home and abroad is very (inspire).
②The book is (interest)and I'm interested in it.
③He remembered our names from ten years ago—isn't that just (amaze)
【答案】1.inspiring2.interesting3.amazing
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Poems which had seemed dull and (bore)suddenly came to life.
2．The bird narrowly escaped (shoot)by the hunter.
3．She looked small and gentle and altogether (charm).
4．Do you feel like (have)a walk with me after supper
5．My father suggested (read)more books in my spare time.
6．To avoid (see)by the teacher, Tony stole into the classroom by the back door.
7．Have you considered (build)a house in the countryside
8．Some of the children are shy and they have some difficulty in (make)friends.
9．We regret (inform)you that you will have to give up this chance.
10．We agreed (meet)here，but so far she hasn't turned up yet.
【答案】1.boring2.being shot 3.charming4.having 5.reading 6. being seen7.building 8.making 9.to inform 10.to meet